湖南师范大学881英语语言学和中文作文考研真题试题2018年

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新版2018年清华大学心理学347考研真题分析326.doc

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【勤思解析】D,自我中心观点采择阶段，3-6岁，不能认识到自己观点与他人的不同；社会信息的观点采择阶段，6-8岁，开始意识到他人有不同的观点，但不能理解原因；自我反省的观点采择阶段，8-10岁，能考虑他人观点，但不能同时考虑自己和他人的观点；相互观点采择阶段，10-12岁，能同时考虑自己和他人的观点。从中立的第三者角度来看待自己和别人的想法和行为，需要儿童能够同时考虑自己和他人的观点，因此属于相互观点采择阶段。 24、认为儿童的侵犯行为是通过替代强化而获得的理论是（） A．生态系统理论 B.社会学习理论 C．知觉学习理论 D.条件反射学说 【勤思解析】Ｂ，班杜拉提出社会学习理论，重点研究了社会学习对儿童的攻击性行为、性别角色的获得及亲社会行为发展的作用。班杜拉认为强化可以分为直接强化、替代强化和自我强化，其中替代强化是通过榜样进行强化来增强或提高学着者某种特定行为出现的概率。 25、在人生的不同发展时期，智力活动的任务(性质)不同，儿童青少年时期智力发展的根本特征是获取，而成年时期智力活动的性质是运用。该理论的提出者是（） A .沙伊 B.莱文森 C.哈维格斯特 D.艾里克森 【勤思解析】A，沙伊根据智力适应理论，把人的一生智力发展划分为不同阶段，见图。沙伊认为，儿童、青少年期智力发展的根本特征是获取信息和解决问题的

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