Ving做状语
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ving做定语和状语的用法
Answer key for Exercise 2.
approached, Jordan, cheek, curiously, dashed, misunderstood, contrary
Answer key for Exercise 3.
crossroads, adult, major, dormitory, greeted, representing, association, spoken, Colombia, curious, flight
2. The glass doors have taken the place of
the wooden ones at the entrance, ___ in
the natural light during the day. (天
津2007)
A. to let B. letting
C. let
人教课标版 高一 必修4
Unit 4
Grammar
Discovering useful words and expressions: Answer key for Exercise 1.
defence, likely, Italy, canteen, represent, dash, approach, association, cheek, flight
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _tr_a_n_s_l_a_ti_n_g_t_h_e _so_n__g_s can speak seven languages.
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _w_h_o_ _is_ _s_t_a_n_d_in_g_ there is reading a book about body language.
ving与ved比较
【学习目标】复习巩固V-e d和V-i n g作定语和状语的用法。
V-ing形式和V-ed形式常被称作分词。
我们可以将它们用作定语修饰名词，或用作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。
一、作定语★ V-ing形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示正在进行或经常性的动作或某事是什么样的。
●falling leaves ● an exciting development V-ing形式的完成式即having done不能用作定语。
Those students who have finished their homework may leave now.（who have finished已经完成的动作，不能用having finished来代替）★V-ing形式作定语可表示被修饰词的用途或性质等。
● a swimming pool ● a walking stick★ V-ed形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示已经完成的行为或我们对某事的感觉。
● The police found the stolen car. ● those excited children●fallen leaves (不及物动词的v-ed作定语表示被修饰名词的已经完成的主动动作)★单个的分词形式通常置于被修饰的名词，但分词短语通常置于被修饰的名词。
● the man standing by the window● a book written by Shakespeare二、作状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式可起副词作用，在句子中作状语，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。
The scientist entered the lab, followed by his assistants. 状语(If) Given more time, we could have done the work better. 状语I got up late today, thus causing the delay. 状语Having been told many times, he still doesn’t know how to do it. 状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
ving做定语和状语
定语
非谓语动词 doing 表示：主动的或正在进行的动作 过去分词(done) 表示：被动的或完成的动作 to do 表示：目的或将来的动作
动词--ing形式作定语和状语
I.v-ing 形式作定语,相当于形容词 前置定语： ving(一个单词)+n 后置定语： n+ ving短语(大于一个单词） 1.表示正在进行 a listening child= a child who is listening 2.表示功能用途 a walking stick= a stick for walking. 3.表示性质 an interesting book
5) 表条件
If you use your head, you will find a way.
=Using your head, you will find a way. 一直往前走, 你就会看到一座白色地房子。 ______________, Walking ahead you will see a white house.
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
ving作状语
He ran so fast, ____________
__________________, he danced funny to entertain her.
As As As As As As
subject object predictive attribute object complement adverbial
After the boy finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. • Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football.
After he turned off the TV set, he began to do his homework. •Having turned off the TV set, he began to do his homework.
Use V-ing as adverbial
Because I’m a student, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Байду номын сангаас
• When spring comes on, the trees turned green. • Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
• If time permits, we’ll visit the Great Wall. • Time permitting, we’ll visit the Great Wall.
Ving作状语
表示动作的结果
Ving作状语可以表示动作的自然结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的预期结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的意外结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的伴随结果
与-ing分词短语的区别
结构不同：-ing分词短语是独立的结构，而Ving作状语是作为状语存在的。
意思不同：-ing分词短语通常表示正在进行的动作或状态，而Ving作状语可以表示 时间、条件、让步等关系。
Ving作状语可以表示伴随的动作，如“He walked along the river，singing l o u d l y. ”
Ving作状语可以表示结果，如“I tried to open the door，only to find it locked.”
表示动作的伴随情况
Ving作状语可以表示主语执行的动作的同时伴随其他动作的发生 Ving作状语可以用来描述主语在执行主要动作时伴随的状态或条件 Ving作状语可以用来强调主语执行的动作与伴随动作之间的关联性 Ving作状语可以用来补充说明主语执行的动作时伴随的其他情况
书面语与口语的区 分
正式与非正式场合 的区分
特定语境场合的区 分
不同领域和专业领 域的区分
注意与其它成分的搭配
注意与主语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与主语保持逻辑一致，避免产生歧义。 注意与谓语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与谓语保持时态和语态的一致，以避免语法错误。 注意与宾语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与宾语保持逻辑一致，确保句子的意思清晰明确。 注意与其它状语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与其他状语保持合理的顺序，以使句子更加通顺。
汇报人：XX
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语义关系不同：Ving作状语与独立 主格结构在语义关系上存在差异。
ving作状语用法学习
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方式状语 第二页，编辑于星期日：七点 三十四分。
V-ing的构成
V-ing是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，表示与主语主动关系。V-ing同样有时态和语态的 变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 完成式
doing
Having done
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Being done
Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
Supposing you lose, what will you do?
Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.
Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
making
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第十五页，编辑于星期日：七点 三十四分。
(6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
[考点说明]名词、代词+ -ing形式可构成独立主格 结构作时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时-ing
形式的逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。
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第十六页，编辑于星期日：七点 三十四分。
[典型例题] 1. The moon _______, we came to the foot of the mountain. A. appeared B. appears
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为 没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
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v-ing作状语 经典课件
3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop. 时间
When I was walking in the street.
4). Her husband died, leaving her 3 kids to look after.
结果
…and left her 3 kids to look after.
1. Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 3. Being poor, the old man was happy. Tip 4: be - being
4. Not knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her. Tip 5: 否定在Ving前加not
Grammar Ving as Adverbial —动词ing做状语
Read the sentences and try to feel.
1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
ving作状语的四种形式一般式进行被动beingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneving动作与谓语同时发生主语一致且为主动ving动作正在进行且与主语成被动关系ving先于谓语动作完成且造成影响主动ving先于谓语动作发生且为被动有影响相当于过去分词iii
Module 2 Fantasy Literature
五动名词现在分词过去分词Ving结构
Have you finished repairing the tape recorder? 可接动名词和不定式作宾语的词，但有些意义不同：
attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, want
作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。 It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
一般地，Ving 结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、 介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、 状语时为现在分词。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可 用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、 动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)一
They began studying computer last week.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)四
1. remember, forget, regret Can’t you remember telling me the story last night? You must remember to tell him the news. I don’t regret telling her what I thought. 2. need, want The letter needs signing. =The letter needs to be
attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, want
作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。 It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
一般地，Ving 结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、 介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、 状语时为现在分词。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可 用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、 动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)一
They began studying computer last week.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)四
1. remember, forget, regret Can’t you remember telling me the story last night? You must remember to tell him the news. I don’t regret telling her what I thought. 2. need, want The letter needs signing. =The letter needs to be
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failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力
the setting sun 落日
the coming week 下一周
② 动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用 来作状语，不作定语。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建 了。
a drawing board 画板
a swimming pool 游泳池
a dining car 餐车
a waiting room
a driving permit
候车室
驾驶许可证
a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖
必
背
a barking dog 狂吠的狗 a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧 an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险 a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
5>表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...尽管知道了一切情况，他 们还是要我赔偿损失。
6> 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并 列结构 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前 所以应该用having done ;此题又是表否定含 义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having done; 故选 c
-ing 形式
European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET1998）
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 e.g. Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV. e.g.________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method =a method of working 工作方法 必 背 a sewing machine 缝纫机
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed
动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义 ① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
A. making B. makes
C. made
D. to make
He rushed to the train station, only ____ the train had
gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find D
Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这 类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表 示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎 >表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)
3> 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
= and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. 4> 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons...如果你努力学习，就 一定能成功。
Ving做状语专题讲解
TO explain 分词练习 动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、 原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词 -ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首； 作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1> 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations...)