中考英语语法——状语从句的翻译
中考英语语法——状语从句的翻译
状语从句内容丰富,涉及面广,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义。
英语状语从句的翻译,一般比较容易处理,通常可以
直接翻译。
但是这里我们所要讨论的是,在汉语译文中,要如何将状语从句
置于恰当的位置,并如何将其与主句之间自然连贯地连接起来,如何按汉语
的习惯表达将句子类型进行相应的变化。
由于两种语言表达上的不同,在状
语从句的安排方面,存在着明显的差异,所以在翻译的时候也需要根据汉语
习惯来灵活翻译。
一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时),since(自从. ..),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner... than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。
翻译的时候,一般翻译在主句的前面。
(一)译成相应的时间状语While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时,泪水直流。
She came in when I was having supper. 我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged. 我一安排好就通知你。
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence. 他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
(三)译成条件句由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外,有时候可以表示条件关系,所以还可以翻译为条件句。
Turn off the switch。
英语语法:五类状语从句的翻译讲解
英语语法:五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚(一)……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩,就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金,他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲,史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险,因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠,所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音,哪里就必有声波。
中考英语复习 时间状语从句语法及
英语时间状语从句讲解(一)when, while和as引导时间状语从句的用法一、when的用法如果只从现象来看,when从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?4. Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。
when从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点,所以when多数情况下用的是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时。
因为如果用正在进行时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。
根据这一点,有的文章补充说:when从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。
这种说法也可以参照。
实际上,when从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。
例如:2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?二、while的用法相比于when来说,while从句的侧重点就不一样了。
while从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当while事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何。
所以,while从句一般用的是正在进行时。
而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。
例如:1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.3. While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。
中考英语语法丨宾语从句 定语从句 状语从句
中考英语语法丨宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“…. 的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
时间状语从句(初)-英语语法大全
1英语时间状语从句(初)知识定位状语从句是指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
时间状语从句表示时间发生的先后关系,和时态语态紧密相关,是初中阶段最基本也是最重要的一种。
连接词形式变化多样,在中考中占有一定的比重。
直接考查形式多以选择,句型转换,完型等呈现,在阅读和写作中也有广泛的应用。
知识梳理(一)when, while 和as 引导时间状语从句的用法一、when 的用法如果只从现象来看,when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。
7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。
由以上内容可知,when 从句的 A 事件,相当于另一个事件 B 发生的时间点。
也就是说,when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点,所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时。
中考英语语法--目的状语从句
九年级中考英语语法讲解目的状语从句一、用to do sth表目的用不定式表目的是最简单也是最常用的方法,它既可以用于句末,也可用于句首,但比较而言,用于句首时,其强调意味较浓。
如:After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others.他因病一学期未上课,得努力赶上其他同学。
To avoid any delay please phone your order direct.为免延误, 请直接才丁电话预订。
To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着,他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.为了不使背部受伤,你在扛重东西时,一定要将膝盖弯曲着。
不定式的否定式为not to do sth,而不是to not do sth。
如:She had to struggle not to give in to a desire to laugh.她极力控制自己不要笑出来。
Then there was the mad rush not to be late for school.然后就是匆忙往学校赶,以免迟到。
I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语,而是为了学建筑。
He claimed he had bought the cigarettes for home consumption, not to sell them.他声称他买烟是为了自家享用,不是为了出售。
条件状语从句.doc
条件状语从句在当今这个学习英语风潮盛行的社会,英语似乎已经成为了我们生活中不可或缺的一部分,因此英语学习对我们来说也是非常重要的,接下来,同学们与教育小编一起看看中考英语语法考点:条件状语从句,希望同学们在中考中能够取得优异的成绩。
连词有:if, unless, as long as(1) if引导的条件状语从句翻译为:如果, 时态遵循主将从现,可以与祈使句进行转换,如:If he said that,he cant be telling the truth.如果他说了那样的话,他不可能是说实话。
You ____________ (pass) the exam if you _________ (study) hard.=___________________________________________________________ ____.Hurry up, or youll be late.= _____________________________________________________. (2) unless除非或如果......不引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。
如:Youll be late unless you hurry.= _____________________________________________________.你会迟到的,如果不赶快的话。
(3) as long as意为只要;如果。
如:__________________________________, we can play.只要不下雨我们就能玩。
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年中考英语语法复习课件状语从句
4
providing (that);可能是过去分词,如given that;还 可能是介词短语,如in case (that)。
5 状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系?
根据提示,完成下列句子,注意状语从句与主句的 时态关系
1. When I arrived at the airport, the plane _h_a_d_t_a_k_e_n_o_f_f_(起飞了).
2
4. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so_that_he_could_sign_them.
老板要秘书赶快送交那些信件以便他能签发。 so that he could sign them作目的状语。
5. He got up so early that_he_caught_the_first_bus. 他起得很早因此他赶上了第一班车。that he
每当我看成龙演的动作片时,我会很兴奋。 Every time I see action movies acted by Jack原处。 where you took it作地 点状语。
所得税高是有害的,它让人不想去赚更多的钱。 in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more作原因状语。
5
4. Because I ___h_ad__h_a_d__(进行) a conversation with my parents, we reached better understanding of each other.
【解析】 had had 从句谓语动词动作have先于 主句谓语动词动作reach发生。
初中中考英语语法梳理-让步状语从句
。 尽管我们看不见, 但我们周围全是空气
注意!
3. though可以even连用,即even thou gh即使。但although不能和even连用。
e.g.尽管我一个字也不懂,但我还是保持微笑。 Although I didn't understand a word, I still kept smiling.(√) Even though I didn't understand a word, I still kept smiling.(√) Even although I didn't understand a word, I still kept smiling.(×)
尽管问题变得越来越难,但Angela一直回答正确。
让步状语从句语法
定义:让步状语从句是用来对比两种观点的, 常使用连词though/although进行引导。一般 翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们 日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
如:Though/Although my car is very old, I don't want to buy a new one. 尽管我的汽车很旧,但我不想买一辆新的。 Although/Though it is raining, we are still going out for dinner. 尽管天在下雨,我们还是出去吃饭了
Although Sam was unprepared,he did quite well in the exam.
3.He went on fighting, though he was wounded.
[荐]初中英语语法专练—时间状语从句-全考点详解
初中英语语法专练—时间状语从句-全考点详解一、状语从句状语从句是指在整句中作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。
二、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since,as等。
1.when引导的时间状语从句when意为"当......的时候",既可以表示某一时间点发生的事,又可以表示在某一时间段发生的事。
主句与从句描述的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。
(1)一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行。
如:When the teacher came into the classroom, we were reading English.(2)当某一动作正在进行,另一动作发生了。
如:When Kate was flying a kite, she found a wallet lying on the ground.(3)当when从句放在主句之后时,它更强调某一动作的突然性。
如:We were watching TV when the telephone rang.=We were watching TV and suddenly the telephone rang.2.while引导的时间状语从句while引导的时间状语从句表示主句的行为在从句行为进行的过程中发生。
由于while从句表示一个持续的行为,因此从句要用持续性动词或状态动词,且持续性动词常用进行时态。
(1)while意为"当......的时候"。
如:They arrived while we were having dinner.(2)while意为"而"。
中考英语语法专项讲练-状语从句(含解析)
中考英语语法专项讲练-状语从句(含解析)一、状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。
位置状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
二、状语从句的分类1. 时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句,具体用法如下表。
从句引导词用法例句when/while/as(当……时)when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
when有时表示“就在那时”。
1 1. When she came in, Istopped eating.(瞬时动词)当她进来的时候,我停下吃东西。
2 2. When Ilived in the countryside, Iused to carry some waterfor him.(延续性动词)当我住在乡下的时候,我经常带些水给他。
while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。
while 有时还可以表示对比。
1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生)当我妻子在读报纸的时候,我在看电视。
2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(对比)我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。
as表示“一边……一边”,as 引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。
1. We always sing as we walk. (一边……一边)我们总是边唱边走。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow.(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生)我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。
