英语语法误用辨析
英语语法误用辨析
代词误用辨析
1.中文：伦敦的夏天比我家乡的夏天更热。
(误)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown.
(正)It is much hotter in London in summer than in my hometown.（用it代表气候，天气等。）
2.中文：他的书跟我的很不一样。
(误)His book is quite different from me.
(正)His book is quite different from mine.（mine = my book，应保持比较的双方性质的一致。）
3.中文：我有件重要的事告诉你。
(误)I have important something to tell you.
(正)I have something important to tell you.（修饰something，nothing，anything等不定代词时，形容词应放在其后。）
4.中文：每个学生都应该做他自己的功课。
(误)Every student should do their own homework.
(正)Every student should do his own homework.（every student是单数，其后的代词也用单数。）
5.中文：我喜欢收到别人的来信，但不愿意写信。
(误)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it.
(正)I like to receive letters but do not like to write them.（代词的人称与数应与它代替的名词相同。）
6.中文：孩子们和他都还没有吃晚餐。
(误)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper.
(正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper.（neither...nor 是对等相关连词，nor后面的主语决定后面的谓语动词及代词的形式。）
7.中文：布朗太太向她的朋友玛丽和我打招呼。
(误)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and I.
(正)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and me.（Mary and me是宾语friends的同位语，因此用宾格形式。）
8.中文：我的两个姊姊都不在这。
(误)None of my two sisters is here.
(正)Neither of my two sisters is here.（neither用于两者的否定；none用于三者以上的否定。）
9.中文：他认识我的两个姊姊。
(误)He knows my both sisters.
(正)He knows both my sisters.（both用在the，his，my等修饰语之前。）10.中文：这本书的价格是多少？
(误)How much is the price of the book?
(正)What is the price of the book?（对价格提问用what，没有price一词时用how much。）
11.中文：我有一本新字典还有几本旧的。
(误)I have a new dictionary and several old one.
(正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones.（代替前面提到过的可数名词，复数要用ones。）
12.中文：安迪，保罗和我共唱一首歌。
(误)I, Andy and Paul sang a song together.
(正)Andy, Paul and I sang a song together.（有多个主语或宾语时，I或me 在最后。）
13.中文：他们很了解我们中国人。
(误)They know our Chinese well.
(正)They know us Chinese well.（Chinese为宾语us的同位语。）
14.中文：说好英语不容易。
(误)That is not easy to speak good English.
(正)It is not easy to speak good English.（it当形式主语，代替不定式。）形容词级的误用辨析
1.中文：他是两者中较高的。
(误)He is taller of the two.
(正)He is the taller of the two.（比较级＋of the two，前面要加the。）
2.中文：汤姆是我们学校里最年轻的。
(误)Tom is youngest in our school.
(正)Tom is the youngest in our school.（形容词的最高级前面要加the。）
3.中文：他是所有人中最强壮的。
(误)He is the strongest in all.
(正)He is the strongest of all.（在同类中最…的，用介词of。）
4.中文：我的房子跟约翰的一样大。
(误)My house is so large as John's.
(正)My house is as large as John's.（肯定形式用as＋原级形容词＋as＋主格。）
5.中文：汤姆比我年轻。
(误)Tom is less older than I am.
(正)Tom is less old than I am.（less＋原级形容词＋than。）
6.中文：他是班上个子最高的。
(误)He is taller than any boy in his class.
(正)He is taller than any other boy in his class.（使用比较级时，应避免与自己比，any boy包括他自己。）
7.中文：事态每况愈下。
(误)Things go from worse to worse.
(正)Things go from bad to worse.（from bad to worse = 每况愈下，越来越糟。）
8.中文：多数人喜爱音乐。
(误)The most people are fond of music.
(正)Most people are fond of music.（Most泛指大多数，前面不加the。）
9.中文：他至少遗失了一万元。
(误)He has lost not fewer than ten thousand dollars.
(正)He has lost not less than ten thousand dollars.（not less than=more than，at least，表示至少。）
10.中文：他们听得越久，就越不喜欢他。
(误)The longer they listen to him, the little they like him.
(正)The longer they listen to him, the less they like him.（the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…表示两者的同步增长。）
名词误用辨析
1.中文：我买了两条裤子。
(误)I bought two trousers.
(正)I bought two pairs of trousers.（glasses，shoes，trousers，spectacles，scissors，stockings等表示由两个部分合成的字习惯用复数，在表示一(两)条，把，双时，用a pair of，two pairs of等修饰。）
2.中文：他是我最好的朋友之一。
(误)He is one of my best friend.
(正)He is one of my best friends.（one of后要接可数名词的复数形式。）
3.中文：动物是人类的朋友。
(误)Animals are men's friends.
(正)Animals are man's friends.（用单数的man表示人类。）
4.中文：这是一则好消息。
(误)This is a good news.
(正)This is a piece of good news.（表示chalk，music，advice，cloth，meat，news等不可数名词的单一数量用a piece of修饰。）
5.中文：你愿意跟我交朋友吗？
(误)Will you make a friend with me?
(正)Will you make friends with me?（和某人交朋友用friend的复数形式。）
6.中文：我有太多功课要做。
(误)I have too many homework to do.
(正)I have too much homework to do.（homework，work，housework等不可数名词用much修饰。）
7.中文：英语电视怎么说？
(误)What's English for 电视?
(正)What's the English for 电视?（英语作为学科或语言时不加the；用作
特指时加the。）
8.中文：班一家人要搬往伦敦。
(误)The Ben's are going to move to London.
(正)The Bens are going to move to London.（the Ben's表示the Ben's house；the Bens表示Ben一家人。）
被动语态误用辨析
1.中文：他们结婚两年了。
(误)They have married for two years.
(正)They have been married for two years.（表示已婚状态的持续，要用完成时的被动式。）
2.中文：他被所有学生嘲笑。
(误)He was laughed by all the pupils.
(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物动词＋介词=及物动词，变被动语态时介词不能省略。）
3.中文：英语难学。
(误)English is difficult to be learned.
(正)English is difficult to learn.（英语难学=学英语难，也可说It's difficult to learn English。原句的主语实际上是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式要用主动形式。）
4.中文：汤姆问我这些岛屿是否属于美国。
(误)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
(正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中国发生了很大变化。
(误)Great changes have been taken place in China.
(正)Great changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：战争于一九三七年爆发。
(误)The war was broken out in 1937.
(正)The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to 等不及物动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也许你需要检查你的眼睛。
(误)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
(正)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被别人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋过去分词表示。）
8.中文：他命令马上开始工作。
(误)He ordered the work to start at once.
(正)He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作宾语补语时，若与宾语是被动关系，要用不定式的被动形式。）
9.中文：他试图不介入政治。
(误)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
(正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系动词，可代替be，后接过去分词表示被动，have无此功能。）
10.中文：据说他很富有。
(误)They say him to have been rich.
(正)He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被动语态后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被认为是个傻子。
(误)The man thought to be a fool.
(正)The man was thought to be a fool.（主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者，用被动语态。）
所有格误用辨析
1.中文：你做完功课了吗？
(误)Have you done homework?
(正)Have you done your homework?（表示做功课用do one's homework。）
2.中文：那些是我们老师的一些书。
(误)Those are some books of our teacher.
(正)Those are some books of our teacher's.（应用双重所有格形式。）
3.中文：这是我弟弟约翰的书。
(误)This is my brother John book.
(正)This is my brother John's book.（John是brother的同位语，John的书用John's book。）
4.中文：警察抓住了他的胳膊。
(误)The policemen caught him by his arm.
(正)The policemen caught him by the arm.（抓住身上某个部位用the，不用代词的所有格。）
5.中文：一个十岁的孩子
(误)a ten years old child
(误)a child of ten year old
(误)a ten year old child
(误)a ten-years-old child
(正)a ten-year-old child
时态误用辨析
1.中文：他在许多年前去过欧洲。
(误)He had been to Europe many years ago.
(正)He went to Europe many years ago.（在上下文没有同过去某时或某个动作相比较而表示过去的意思，不可用过去完成时，而要用一般过去时。）
2.中文：她穿着蓝色上衣，看上去很可爱。
(误)She was wearing a blue dress and was looking very pretty.
(正)She was wearing a blue dress and looked very pretty.（表示看上去的look是系动词，不用进行时。）
3.中文：我去看他们的时候他们在吃晚餐。
(误)They had supper when I went to see them.
(正)They were having supper when I went to see them.（他们在吃晚餐是在过去我去看他们的时间某一点上正进行的动作，应用过去进行时。）
4.中文：她两个月前去澳洲了，她许多年前到过那里。
(误)She went to Australia two months ago. She has been there many years before.
(正)She went to Australia two months ago. She had been there many years before.（many years before是从过去的某时之前算起的，表示过去的过去，要和过去完成时连用。）
5.中文：他们问发生什么事了。
(误)They asked what happened.
(正)They asked what had happened.（主句是一般过去时，从句的动作发生在它之前，用过去完成时。）
6.中文：从战争开始时他就一直在那里工作。
(误)He has worked there since the war has begun.
(正)He has worked there since the war began.（since引导的从句表示过去的某时间点，应用一般过去时。）
7.中文：昨晚我写了一封信，今晨寄出了。
(误)I was writing a letter yesterday evening and posted it this morning. (正)I wrote a letter yesterday evening and posted it this morning.（进行时表示进行，一般过去时表示完成，所以应用wrote。）
8.中文：他去年离开家我就一直没有见过他。
(误)He left home last year and I did not see him since.
(正)He left home last year and I haven't seen him since.（since后面省去的是he left home last year，前面的句子要用完成时。）
助动词误用辨析
1.中文：我习惯于早起。
(误)I am used to get up early.
(正)I am used to getting up early.（get，become或be used to中的to是介词，后接动名词。）
2.中文：他过去常常在星期天来约我。
(误)He used to calling on me on Sundays.
(正)He used to call on me on Sundays.（used to＋原形动词，表示过去常常。）
3.中文：A：我必须去吗？B：不，你不必了。
(误)A: Must I go? B: No, you mustn't.
(正)A: Must I go? B: No, you needn't.（mustn't表示不许，needn't表示不必，以MUST开始的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't。）
4.中文：我今天下午想和你一起去游泳。
(误)I will like to go swimming with you this afternoon.
(正)I would like to go swimming with you this afternoon.（would like是习惯搭配，后接不定式，表示愿意做某事。）
5.中文：他前天可能说这些吗？
(误)Must he have said so the day before yesterday?（MUST用于推测时表示一定，准是，只用于肯定句。）
(正)Can he have said so the day before yesterday?（CAN用于怀疑，推测时表示可能，用于疑问句和否定句。）
不定式误用辨析
1.中文：为了准时，我们加快了步伐。
(误)So as to be in time we hurried.
(正)In order to be in time we hurried.（so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。）
2.中文：你说这些话真傻。
(误)It's very foolish for you to say so.
(正)It's very foolish of you to say so.（表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时，介词要用of。）
3.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？
(误)Didn't you ask them to never do that?
(正)Didn't you ask them never to do that?（never要放在to之前。）
4.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？
(误)Here is a new book for you to read it.
(正)Here is a new book for you to read.（作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语，实际上就是它所修饰的new book，其后不可再加宾语。）
5.中文：他够年龄，可以上学了。
(误)He is old enough so that he can go to school.
(正)He is old enough to go to school.（形容词＋enough＋不定式表示足够…而可。）
6.中文：他太好了，寄给我许多书。
(误)He was so good to send me a lot of books.
(正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.（so...as to表示如此…以致。）
7.中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。
(误)You had better not to go out in the rain.
(正)You had better not go out in the rain.（had better(not)后接原形不定式。）
8.中文：你喜欢听别人谈话吗？
(误)Do you like listening to others to talk?
(正)Do you like listening to others talk?（感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。）
副词误用辨析
1.中文：这块石头太大了没人能举起它。
(误)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.
(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（so是副词，修饰形容词，形式是so＋形容词＋a＋单数可数名词。）
2.中文：这花多美啊!
(误)What beautiful the flower is!
(正)How beautiful the flower is!（how用来修饰副词或形容词，而what用来修饰名词。）
3.中文：这工作永远不会被完成。
(误)This job will be never finished.
(正)This job will never be finished.（频率副词在第一个助动词后。）
4.中文：我的弟弟比我高多了。
(误)My brother is very taller than I.
(正)My brother is much taller than I.（very不能修饰比较级；much可以修饰比较级。）
5.中文：我想我七点会在餐厅里见到她。
(误)I think I'll meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant.
(正)I think I'll meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.（地方副词在时间副词前。）
6.中文：这房间对你够大的。
(误)This room is enough large for you.
(正)This room is large enough for you.（enough作副词，在被修饰的形容词后。）
7.中文：我也不能做它。
(误)I cannot do it too.
(正)I cannot do it either.（either用于否定句；too用于肯定句。）
8.中文：他每天早起。
(误)He gets up early everyday.
(正)He gets up early every day.（every day是时间副词；everyday是形容词。）
9.中文：我要下楼去。
(误)I'm going to downstairs.
(正)I'm going downstairs.（downstairs是副词，前面不加介词。）
10.中文：你的故事很有趣。
(误)Your story is the most interesting.
(正)Your story is most interesting.（most不用于比较，而用作加强语气，不加the。）
11.中文：我两年前见过他。
(误)I met him two years before.
(正)I met him two years ago.（表示一段时间以前，ago用于一般过去时；before用于过去完成时。）
12.中文：他们昨天晚上回来得晚。
(误)They came back lately last night.
(正)They came back late last night.（lately(最近)，late(晚，迟)，都是副词。）分词误用辨析
1.中文：他理发了。
(误)He had his hair to be cut.
(正)He had his hair cut.（have，get＋宾语＋过去分词表示使…被。）
2.中文：他喜欢喝凉开水。
(误)He likes to drink boiling water.
(正)He likes to drink boiled water.（现在分词表示主动，boiling water指正在沸腾的水；过去分词表示完成，boiled water指沸腾过的水。）
3.中文：由于做饭，他看上去累了。
(误)He looked tiring with cooking.
(正)He looked tired with cooking.（tiring表示令人疲倦的，tired表示人被弄疲倦了。）
4.中文：我不能让别人明白我的意思。
(误)I couldn't make myself understand.
(正)I couldn't make myself understood.（过去分词表示被动，make myself understood表示使我被别人明白。）
5.中文：昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。
(误)I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend of mine. (正)Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend of mine.（前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句分词构句表时间。）
6.中文：假期结束了，约翰返回了学校。
(误)The vacation was over, John returned to school.
(正)The vacation being over, John returned to school.（前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句独立分词构句表时间。）
7.中文：戴帽子的工人躺在地上。
(误)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground.
(正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.（带帽子是主动行动，要用现在分词wearing a hat表示。）
8.中文：小女孩站在那里哭了。
(误)The little girl stood there cried.
(正)The little girl stood there crying.（哭是主语the little girl发出的行动，要用现在分词crying表示。）
9.中文：天气好，我们今天要去郊游。
(误)Being fine, we'll go outing today.
(正)It being fine, we'll go outing today.（前一句错在分词构句所表示的动作不是主句的主语发出的；后一句加上表示气候的It作逻辑主语，构成独立分词构句表原因。）
动名词误用辨析
1.中文：我把给她打过电话的事全忘了。
(误)I forgot all about to telephone her.
(正)I forgot all about telephoning her.（介词后不能接不定式，只能接动名词。）
2.中文：你介意我在这里吸烟吗？
(误)Would you mind for my smoking here?
(正)Would you mind my smoking here?（在前一句中mind后可接me for smoking here，表示相同的意思。）
3.中文：史密斯一家在考虑搬往芝加哥。
英语语法大攻克--现在完成时的讲解
现在完成时的讲解 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead ……………… 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
英语语法-现在完成时用法及习题
目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)
现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句： 例：1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。（我在北京住过。） 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式，表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过，至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时，表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京，现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have （has）+过去分词”，表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型：
We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法（过去分词的构成详见第六章）：1.构成现在（过去）完成时 have（has）+过去分词～ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态：参见第十三章 be + 过去分词～ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have（has）+not +过去分词～. I have not seen the movie yet.
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
(完整版)(英语语法)四种完成时态
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk. 主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. You are about to study English 过去将来：You would study English in the school You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English. 课堂练习 1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？ 2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？ 4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
初中英语语法过去完成时
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
现在完成时的构成英语语法大全
现在完成时的构成 一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分 别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 三）一般疑问式 助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：
英语语法大攻克--过去完成时专项练
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
英语语法完成时篇
完成时篇（一）——现在完成时 [提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71）”中，为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下，主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢？ 答：完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作，它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。根据定义我们可以了解到，除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外，还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。 一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生，延续到现在，并且说话前已经完成。 例如：The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。 Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。 二、某个动作或状态发生在过去，持续并影响现在，有可能会继续保持下去。 例如：My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。 It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。 Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在，家长们 已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。 I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天，我就认识他了。 三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间，可能是多次动作的集合，也表示习惯性的动作或 状态。 例如：Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。 Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家？ How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文？ 四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次，也可能是一种经历。 例如：Students are very pride that the president has once visited their school. 学生们为总统曾访问过他们学校而骄傲。 Accidents like this have happened more than 20 times these years.这几年此类事故发生不下20起。 在现在完成时态的句子中，常伴随的时间状语有：already，yet，ever，never，just，before，lately，recently，till/until，always，now，since，today; in past years，all morning，all one’s life，up to now，these days，this week/month/year，for a long time。 现在完成时中有几点语法点要注意的： 1）for引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词。不能用来修饰表示瞬间、短 暂动作或位置转移的动词。如John has come to China for three years，此句错误，come这个动作是短暂性动词，不可能持续发生，因此可改为John has been in China for three years，约翰已经爱中国生活了3年。短暂性动词有appear, begin，borrow，buy，come，close，die，fall，find，finish，join，kill，leave，lend，lose，see，start，stop。 2）在表示时间或条件的状语从句可以用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。 例如：He will not quit my job until his parents have permitted.父母允许后他才会辞职。 I will arrive at 6 o’clock if the car h as been prepared then.如果到时车准备好了，我能在6 点到达。 3）It is the first/second time that…这个结构中，that从句要用现在完成时。 例如：It is the first time that I have heard of his deeds.这是我第一次听说他的事迹。
英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订
英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）
初中英语语法过去完成时
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
精选高中英语语法归纳总结
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
英语语法大攻克--完成时考查点
现在完成时 现在完成时 一、结构： have / has +动词过去分词 haven’t / hasn’t + done Have / Has + 主语+ done 二.用法：表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。 注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。 Mike has come for a year.( 〤) Mike has been here for a year( √) Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√） 过去完成时 表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。 B y (=up to )last weekend we hadn’t got any information. When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes. 现在完成时考点 考点一：考查基本概念 例Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
2020年高中英语语法归纳总结
高中英语语法归纳总结 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you sueed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that ? 事实是? It is an honor that ?非常荣幸 It is mon knowledge that ?是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that?很自然?
英语语法大攻克--现在完成时
现在完成时 1. Kate’s never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? ______you______ your homework yet? A. Do；finish B. Are；finishing C. Did；finish D. Have；finished 4. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can’t remember where I______ A. Did；surf；surfed B. Have；surfed；surfed C. Did；surf；have surfed D. Have；surfed；have surfed 5. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 6. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. Ａ. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 7. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn’t receive B. haven’t got C. didn’t have D. haven’t heard 8. -Have you ever______Beijing to see the Forbidden City? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 9. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 10. I won’t go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. is coming 11. – Where is Mr Liu? - He________ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D.has went 12. The cleaners have cleaned the streets, ________? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 13. I like Beijing. I________ there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone 14.We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_______here for two years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 15.- How long_______you _______your exam paper? - About three months. A. did；buy B. have；get C. have；had D. have；bought 16. He tells me he ________China for over eight years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 17.____has Mr. Brown been a member of the party since he_____to China? A. How soon；comes B. How often；got C. How long；came D. How far；arrived 18. His parents________ for more than 3 years. A. have come here B. have started to work C. have lived there D. have left the university 答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6. D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13. C 14.C15 C16.B 17.C 18.C