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象。在 a colorful garden 这个短语里，colorful 是按词的本来意思使用的；但在 a colorful life 和 a colorful career 这两个短语里，colorful 就是比喻的用法了。
1）明喻
明喻用 like，as 或其他词指出两个截然不同的事物之间相似之处的手法叫明喻。
O my love’s like a red, red rose. —Robert Burns
That man can’t be trusted. He’s as slippery as an eel.
The old man’s hair is as white as snow.
2）隐喻
用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一个事物的手法叫隐喻。这也是一种比较。不过这个比较是暗含的，而不用 as 或 like 点明。假如彭斯把上面引的那个诗句写成 O my love’s a red, red rose，省去原有的 like 这个词，他便是用隐喻而不是明喻了。
3）拟人
把事物或概念当作人或具备人的特质的手法，叫拟人。拟人在诗歌中很常见：
Youth is hot and bold,
Age is weak and cold,
Youth is wild, and Age is tame.
—William Shakespeare
4）换喻
用某一事物的名称代替与之密切相关的另一事物名称的手法叫换喻。例如 crown可以代
替 king，the White House 可以代替美国总统或政府，the bottle 可以代替 wine 或alcohol，the bar 可以代替 the legal profession 等。换喻用得好，则可产生简明生动的效果：
Sword and cross in hand, the European conquerors fell upon the Americans.
When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.
His purse would not allow him that luxury.
5）提喻
指用部分代表整体，或用整体代表部分：
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.
He had to earn his daily bread by doing odd jobs.
Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in this exciting football match.
The poor creature could no longer endure her sufferings.
在上面的例句中，hands 代表人，bread 代表食物或生活费，两个国家名字代表两个球队，creature 代表女人。
换喻和提喻有相似之处：二者都是一种替换，有时它们与隐喻不易区分，因为后者在一定程度上也是一种替换。
6）婉言
即用温和或模糊的表达法替换生硬的或令人不快的表达法，例如：
to die to pass away, to leave us; one’s heart has stopped beating
old people senior citizens
mad emotionally disturbed
dustman sanitation worker
lavatory bathroom, men’s/women’s room
invasion, raid military action
driving inhabitants away pacification
7）反语
这是指与真正的意思明显相反的词，用它的目的在于产生特殊的效果。假定你准备郊游，并且期待天气会很好，但是那天却下大雨。如果你不说天气糟透了，而说 What fine weather for an outing! 那就是用反语了。把野蛮的行为称作 civilized 或cultural，也是反语。
8）夸大和缩小
前者是把事情说得过分；后者是把分量或程度压低。两者的目的相同，都在于使陈述或描写鲜明、有趣。
She is dying to know what job has been assigned her.
On hearing that he had been admitted to that famous university, he whispered to himself,
“I’mthe luckiest man in the world.”
It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.
“He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
9）移位修饰
把修饰语从它本应修饰的名词之前移到与该名词有关的词之前的手法，叫移位修饰。当某人说I’ve had a busy day 时，他就用了这个修辞手段，因为 busy 本应修饰人，现在却用来修饰 day。
10）矛盾修饰
意思矛盾的词有时可用在一起，以达到加深印象的目的：
The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.
When the news of the failure came, all his friends said that it was a victorious defeat.
The president was conspicuously absent on that occasion.
11）头韵
两个或更多的词以相同的辅音字母开始，便构成头韵，如 proud as a peacock 和blind as a bat。头韵常用于诗中来突出意思上有联系的词：
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save,
From the cradle to the grave,
Those ungrateful drones who would
Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood?
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大学英语作文万能模板 （一）段首句 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
课程名称高级实用英语写作
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关于大学教育的英语作文
关于大学教育的英语作文 wtt整理的关于大学教育的英语作文，希望对大家有帮助。 关于大学教育的英语作文1：university education Some people think that university should not provide theoretical knowledge, but to give practical training benefit to society. Do you agree or disagree? Use your own experience and knowledge to support your idea. Nowhere in the world has the issue of student been so much debated as in our society. In this petitive society, ability of work and employment experience have bee very important features of ordinary students' future; therefore, many people think that university should teach students the real knowledge that es from practice and direct experience. The above point is certainly wrong; this essay will outline three reasons. The main reason is that students' study will be delayed and disadvantaged. The academic knowledge of students will be hard to make greater progress in order to practical training and employment experience. In this special period of life, students have the best memory and intellect. If they do not work hard at study, they will
实用英语写作大纲
VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1．学分： 1 学时：16 （理论学时：16 实验学时：0 ）2．课程类别：限选课 3．适用专业：非英语专业本科 4．适用对象：非英语专业本科三年级学生（第五学期） 5．先修课程：大学英语 6．教材与参考书目： 教材：教师讲义 参考书：《新世纪实用英语写作》，张玉娟，陈春田，外语教学与研究出版社，2003 《英语应用文写作大全》，《英语应用文写作大全》编写组，社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》，杨晓钰，重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》，傅似逸，北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》，韩铁椿、陈汉华，上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》，李予军编著，国防工业出版社，2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》，杨若东、袁锡兴，中国人民大学出版社，2004 《英语论文写作》，石坚、帅培天，四川人民出版社，2005 《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006 二、课程介绍 1．实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。
实用英语写作理论
Chapter one—Principles of Business Communication 4C原则：Conciseness(简洁), Clarity（明晰）, Correctness（准确），Courtesy(礼貌) Effective written workplace communication needs to show: ● A style which is clear and concise（conciseness, clarity） ● A tone which is polite but not overly modest (courtesy) ● A presentation which contains no errors of format and language (correctness) Workplace writing types: ●Informative writing: inform the reader about a product or service The aim is to improve understanding. ●Persuasive writing: persuade the reader that this product or service is a good one and worth buying The aim is to stimulate emotions and develop enthusiasm. Levels of formality in business communication: ●Bottom-up communication: To a superior=more formal ●Top-down communication: From a superior=more formal ●Sideways communication: To and from people of same rank=less formal Chapter two—Writing Memos Memos writing guidelines: A memo (memorandum) is an administrative document. It ●Is used only for communication within a company. It is an intra-company document and is not used for inter-company communication ●May be distributed top-down ( from superiors to subordinates) or bottom-up ( from subordinates to superiors) ●Deal with a single topic ●Names its sender(s) and recipient(s) clearly ●Has short, easily readable paragraphs ●May have sub-headings and numbered sub-sections ●May be distributed electronically or in hard copy Using the right language is not only a question of selecting correct vocabulary and grammar. Speakers and writing also need to take into account: ●who they are addressing( the audience) ●why they are speaking or writing( the purpose) ●how they are communicating( the method) Using formal language increase the ‘social distance’between a sender and a recipient. Informal language reduces this distance. Chapter three—Writing Letters of Request
大学英语作文：教育
2014-12-05 要求： 请按照下面的要求写至少120个词的作文。 1.参加高考的人数有所下降 2.有人认为职业教育更为重要 3.你的看法 The college entrance examination is most fit for us As a college student, we all passed the college entrance examination, but for now, there are fewer and fewer students attending that exam, for one reason that some of them think the vocational education is more important. In my opinion, I would rather support the college entrance examination. The followings are my reason. First of all, the culture is extensive and profound, the vocational education is limited, if we only receive the limited education, the other culture will be forgot, it's not good for spreading the culture. What's more, the limited education will lead to limited learning of us, nowadays, we should be a full development students, which asks us should learn widely.