2006年全国统考医学考博英语真题
2006年全国医学考博统考考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelledB.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。
32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her raceA.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance withC.with respect toD.on account of33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried.publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A..put off搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻ugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利y off v.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer ___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。
We must respect other's -cies我们不该打听他人的私事37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scatteredB.condensed(使)浓缩, 精简C.clogged堵［阻］塞（up）塞［堵，阻］满（with）D.dotted38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留is kept alone in a room in prison.A. preciseB.solitary solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remoteD.confidential39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require tasks well.A.productiveB.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.versatile40.Various books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled adj.混乱的, 乱七八糟的B.tumbledC.bumbled v.拙劣地做, 弄糟,n.大错误D.humbledSection B41. ___ A..B.C.D.42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasionsl shower intersperse with.点缀着,不时用...打断...A.interrupted .B.blockedC.blendedD.interested43.___ A..B.C.D.44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的A..persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously精神旺盛地47.___ A..B.C.D.48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work done fed up with受够了...A..anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all.断然地, 坚决地A..at the momentB.at any timeC.for a whileD.for the last time50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.A..engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强.D.enveloped完型填空Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock文化冲击is precipitated by the 51 that result from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousands and one ways in thich we 52 ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,how to make purchases,when to accept and when to 53 invitations,when to take statements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our cultrue as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend 56 our peace of mind内心的宁静and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness.Now when individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-minded气量大的or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props小道具have been knocked 59 you,followed by feeling of frustrations and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because theymake us feel bad.”When foreigners in a strange hand get together to grouse埋怨about the 60country and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.plaint B.anxiety C.grief D.conflict斗争, 冲突52.A.convert B.associateC.orient I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions.我还未能使自己的观点适应新情况。
D.familiarize53.A. refuse B.welcome C.deliver D.withdraw54.A.why not B.what not C.when not D.where not55.A.as much B.as such C.as well D.as if56.A.on B.with C.as D.for57.A.on the level ofB.in accordance withC.be means ofD.in view of考虑到, 由于58.A.adjusted B.modified C.rejeted D.removed59.A.from behind B.from under C.out of D.away from60.A.guest B.target C.host D.masterpassage 2High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace is taking its toll代价,according to science writer James Gleick. It’sas if the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into扩大为the “hurry sickness ”of the many.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰and generally rushed than ever before”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎Everything,a survey of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster. Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the microvave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory义务的—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates on network newscasts dropped from 40 secinds in 1868 to 10 seconds in 1998 ; and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes小路.High expectations for instant service方便的服务make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable(漫长的). “A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening commute,people surfing the internet 网络冲浪squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is notinstantaneous即刻的.And the concert of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.Up-tempo快速living has turned people multitaskers-eating while driving,writing an e-mail whiletalking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of stimuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war”.We may gain the flexibility to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus i n depth深入的on a single task. 66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the number of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the riseB.out or controlC.on the declineD.under investigation67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of 除...外,A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste68．The best conclusion can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technologyD.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on trivial thingspassage 3Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people or leaving them chronically disabled.Then one day researchers come up with a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier威胁的effects.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful. The disease does exist.It is called tobacco addiction.The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow杂耍的,distracting smokers from the task of quitting.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of从表面判断it these responses make sense.It is ingrained彻底的, 根深蒂固in society that smokers have only themselves to blame and their salvation拯救, 救助lies in a simple act of will.If they will not quit smoking,they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed有缺陷的.Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum齿龈, 口香糖,patches and drugs to ease the ordeal,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip,and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow.It certainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind处于困境,左右为难. They are happy to pay lip service to口头上支持methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,look years to指望, 依赖; evenconsider regulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case,even if both drugs turn out证明是...to work in human trials,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug aimed at harm reduction will ever be able to be.It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up.For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue,from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes.But it would be a mistake to ignore the harm reduction measures.For those who are not convinced,forget smokers for a moment.Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers,especially those working long hours,as,say,musicians and bar stall in smoky rooms.Should we deny them too?71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 4Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emotional security conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation.If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body cintact as well as good mild intake,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to shrive both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle the child hostilely during the feeding,or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.If ,in addition,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and whilefighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to 醒悟the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically,but not emotionallyB.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD. observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 5Several classes of bitter苦的citrus compound have looked promising as anticancer agents in laboratory tests.A new study indicates that long-term consumption of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.In test-tube studies,one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔limonoids similarly ward off 挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思over such data,Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in EastLansing wondered whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect. mull sth. over(=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for sugars in the juice.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in Washington D.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normal diet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence.Concludes Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to breast,prostate,and lung cancers.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction. unimpressive不令人信服的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.Luke K. T. Lam o f LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data “quite interesting.”although he describes as “borderline”边界线thesuppression of cancer incidence observed by m has inhibited tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice with limonoinds.The scientists don’t know what compounds in orange juice underlie its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates,that rats convert the juice’s limonoid into limonin. Indeed argues Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that these( anticancer) citus compounds are bioavailable in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake 吸收of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypeothesize the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance that supprisses tumorsB.che existence of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 6Just before dawn we received a call that an unresponsive infant was being brought by emergency medical services to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric resident,intern,respiratory therapist,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie可怕的silence enveloped the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes先于 a pediatric resuscitation复活.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员(,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we sinultaneously performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion of intraosseous lines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压),all to no avail无济于事.Twenty minutes after he arrived,Ideclared this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronuounced and not knowing the condition of his son.The father and I sat with chaplain to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned look on his face that he knew before I finished my story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled voice.“I am sorry your child passed away.”We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room.The infant,who onlymomints ago lay covered with blood and secretions oozing from 从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in soft blankets,and now presenting the boky to the grieving fathet.He seemed relieved to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I again left the room tend to the busy emergency department;seeing patients somehow seemed to blunt my emotional response to what had jusft happened.As I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue停尸房.As I reflect on考虑, 反省this episode一段情节,I realized that our medical resuscitation of this child was futile无用的,as has been shown in childrin who present to the emergency department in full cardiac arrest心搏[动]停止.But it was the compassionate富于同情心的work of the nurse that ultimately made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted钝的, 生硬的B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness敏捷the procedure90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD 71-80ACCCC BCAAD 81-90DBDBD DDBBC。
医学考博英语统考听力真题
医学考博英语统考听力真题Conversation 1A.I have a really bad headache.What doyou recommend？B.You can purchase some over-the-counter pain relievers in aisle 6A:Do I need a prescription for those？B:No.You just pick whichever brand you prefer and pay for it at the register.A:Is there a difference between the name-brand pills and store- brand pills？B:Usually there isn’t.Just compare the labels and look for the active ingredientsA: The store- brand is less expensiveB:Usually itis just as effectiveA:I sure hope so because l want to save money and not have an headache1.Where would the woman find the pain reliever?2.What do we know about the store-brand pills?3.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 2A: In the last few years， professor Laurie Santos from Yale University has been teaching students about the pursuit of happiness-the most popular course Yale has ever had. Welcome，professor SantosB:Morning.Thank you for having meA:I heard you’ve developed the high school version of this course. So why did you expand the curriculum to high schoolers？B: Well，I started the class by seeing mental health issues in college students.And I quickly realized that many students came to college with those issues.The health statistics for young people are really devastat-ingA: Really?B: Yeah. So l want to give the high school students the tool to improve their well-being and flourish a bit more4.What is the main topic of this conversation?5.What do we know about the health statistics for young people?6.How would Professor Santos’coursehelp high school students?Conversation 3A:As a pediatrician，what do you tell parents when they come in and beg you “Please give me antibiotics for my child? She's sick.B:l am a parent，too.So l understand you want to do something.But antibiotics wont work for viral infec-tions，but only for bacterial onesA:So what can we do in the case of viral infections?B:Unfortunately，we are sort of limited in what we can do.Good old-fashioned chicken soup，fluids and a hu-midifier in the room,elevating the head at bed at night so that they can breathe and sleep.Those are theihings that are really effective7.What do we know about the woman?8.What does the woman say about the treatment for viral infections?9.What are the speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 4A:Now a study finds hospitals that trained their operating room members in teamwork had a lower rate of surgical deaths than other hospitalsB:That's a quite important finding. No doctor wants to make a mistake.That's why doctors are required to be trained in teamwork and communication and tne training seeks to empower each team memberA:Right. The study suggests one of the key elements for training was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room So that everybody， the nurse， the surgeon and the anesthesiologist could bring up any concerns they had about the patientsB:And the more training， the better communications among team members，and the greater the chances that the patients would sunive10.What is the key element of training mentioned by the speakers711.Whatis mentioned by the speakers as the favourable outcome of the training?12.Whatare two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 5A:Did you know that trees can communicate with each other?B:lnteresting! But how?A:A professor of forest ecology at University of British Columbia observed how logging companies would Cut down diverse forests and replace them with the single tree species. They believe that by removing comp etition， the favored trees would thrive as they would receive more space，water，and sun light.B:ls that so?A:However.the favoured trees were actually more prone to diseases.10%of them would die if the surroun ding trees were removed. Trees communicate through underground network of fungi. The fungi help conne ct trees of different species across the forestsB:That is amazing13.Why would logging companies remove some trees?14.What can be inferred about the result of tree removal?15.Whatis the subject of the conversation?。
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
2006医学考博英语统考真题
2006年全国医学考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelled cancelled v. 取消；作废；解约（cancel的过去分词）adj.取消的conceal [kən'siːl]vt. 隐藏；隐瞒B.endorsed endorse [ɪn'dɔːs; en-]vt. 背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名C.cashed cash [kæʃ]vt. 将…兑现；支付现款n. 现款，现金n. 现款D.endowed endow [ɪn'daʊ; en-]vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有32.She claimed that she was denied deny [dɪ'naɪ]vi. 否认；拒绝vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求admission to admission to:准许 | 进入 | 允许进入the school ___ her raceA.by virtue of 由于，凭借B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.with respect to 关于；至于D.on account of 由于；因为；为了…的缘故33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up 站着；起立ing up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出C.sitting in列席，旁听；参加；代理D.filling in 填写；填充；替代34.The witness was___ by the judge for failing to 未能answer the questionA.sentenced n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决 vt. 判决，宣判B.threatenedC.admonished vt. 告诫；劝告D.jailed n. 监狱；监牢；拘留所 vt. 监禁；下狱35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private 私下地；秘密地they are very worried.A..put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止ugh off 用笑摆脱C.pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复y off 解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer adj. 绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的 adv. 完全；陡峭地___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.pride n. 自豪；骄傲；自尊心 vt. 使得意，以…自豪D.privacy n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scattered vi. 分散，散开；散射 vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播n. 分散；散播，撒播B.condensed vi. 浓缩；凝结 vt. 使浓缩；使压缩C.clogged v. 阻塞；障碍 n. 障碍；木底鞋D.dotted adj. 星罗棋布的；有点的 v. 点缀（dot的过去分词）；布满；打点于38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison. condine n. 界限，边界;约束；限制 vt. 限制；禁闭A. precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的B.solitary adj. 孤独的；独居的n. 独居者；隐士 solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的 n. 远程D.confidential adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的 confidentiality n. 机密，[计] 机密性 confidence n. 信心；信任；秘密 confident adj. 自信的；确信的39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require vt. 需要；要求；命令tasks well.A.productive adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的B.flexible adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的C.sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式）D.versatile adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的40.Various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled n. 混乱；杂乱的一堆东西vi. 混杂；搀杂vt. 使混乱；搞乱B.tumbled vi. 摔倒；倒塌；滚动；打滚；仓惶地行动vt. 使摔倒；使滚翻；弄乱n. 跌倒；C.bumbled vi. 犯错误；踉跄；结结巴巴地说话vt. 弄糟；搞坏n. 错误D.humbled adj. 谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的；不大的vt.使谦恭；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气Section B41. oblivious adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的shower.n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨intersperse with.点缀着 intersperse vt. 点缀；散布vi. 点缀；散布A.interruptedB.blockedC.blended vt. 混合vi. 混合；协调n. 混合；掺合物D.intersected intersect vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿43.thrombus n. [病理] 血栓clot vi. 凝结n. [生理] 凝块vt. 使凝结成块44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的 ,坚持地A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly 稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually 永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously 精神旺盛地47.wit n. 智慧；才智；智力48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work donefed up with受够了...A.anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦vi. 感到极度的痛苦B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by 烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all. 一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次A.at the moment 此刻；当时B.at any time 在任何时候C.for a while暂时D.for the last time最后一次50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.absorbed in 全神贯注于……A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced 强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强D.enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹完型填空57.A.on the level of 诚实的；可靠的；坦率地；老实说B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.by means of 用，依靠D.in view of 考虑到,鉴于Reading comprehensionpassage 21.High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace 神速(frantic adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的;pace n. 一步；步速；步伐)is taking its toll造成损失，造成伤亡(toll n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税),according to science writer James Gleick. It’s as if 犹如，好似the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness n. 疾病；呕吐；弊病”of the many.2.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰(obsess vt. 迷住，缠住；使…着迷；使…困扰) and generally rushed n. 冲进；匆促；adj.急需的vt.使冲；突袭；匆忙地做飞跃than ever before比以往任何时候更”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎 Everything,a survey n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览 of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster.3.Technology has conditioned n. 条件；情况；环境；身份vt. 决定；使适应；使健康；以…为条件us to expect vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料instant results.Internet purchases 网络购物 arrive by next-day delivery and the microwave 微波炉delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory 义务的（=obligate；obligation）—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading股票交易and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates总统候选人 on network newscasts n. 新闻广播restaurants have added express lanes快车道；单向行驶道.4.High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的n. 摘要，简报；概要，诉书wait for an elevator seem interminable adj. 冗长的；无止尽的. “A go od waiting time is in the neighborhood在附近of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然的upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts vi. 停止；立定；踌躇，犹豫the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪 squirm vi. 蠕动，扭动；羞愧，不舒服if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concept of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.电话代表.representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的n. 代表；典型；众议员5.Up-tempo快节奏living has turned people multitaskers?-eating while driving,writing an e-mail while talking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.分区屏幕Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to 调节；调整以适应these new levels of stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）as high-speed culture challenges our brains?in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war?.We may gain the flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 深入地；全面地on a single task.66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the nu mber of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the rise 在增加；在上涨B.out of controlC.on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中D.under investigation 在调查研究中67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of不包括；除…外.exclusive adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者.except of除了…以外；要不是由于A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率vi. 匆忙；赶紧vt. 赶快68．The best conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论 can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technology.boom vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声D.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of 只知皮毛a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with 在…灵活their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on 注意力集中于…trivial thingspassage 31.Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people 中年人or leaving them chronically disabled.vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格.Then one day researchers come up with 提出；想出；赶上 a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier effects.糟糕的影响.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful.感激不尽(eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地)(grateful adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的，宜人的)（nastier 下流的,严重的,难对付的,激烈的（nasty的比较级）2.The disease does exist.vi. 存在；生存；生活；继续存在.It is called tobacco addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜.(addict n. 有瘾的人；入迷的人vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾).The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema 肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话,花束. Prevailing vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow n. 穿插表演；串演的节；小事件,distracting vt. 转移；分心smokers from the task of quitting vt. 离开；放弃；停止；使…解除.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑because it could give smokers an excuse n. 借口；理由vt. 原谅；为…申4.But this logic is flawed adj.有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹).Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum尼古丁胶姆糖(gum n. 口香糖；树胶；橡皮),patches and drugs to ease the ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion…的比例of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带vt. 紧握；夹紧,and many smoker are caught in 遇到，陷入；淋雨a trap vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve vi. 应受，应得the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.vi. 吞下；咽下.It certainly leaves,左右为难. They are happylip service to something 口头上承认)methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,took years to指望,依赖even consider regulating vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理(regardless adj. 不管；不顾；不注意)the dangerous additives n. 添加剂，食物添加剂；附加剂(addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜)in cigarettes.6.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释 the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case在这件事中；照目前这个情况,even if 即使；虽然both drugs turn out证明是to work in human trials人体试验,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects 副作用of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送vi. 举枪瞄准adj. 现在的；出席的n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution n. 分辨率；决议；解决；决心to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform vt. 执行；完成；演奏preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat vt. 反对；与…战斗against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion 得出结论；作结论from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制vi. 忍住；克制 it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 41.Eating is related to 与…有关emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining n. 增加；利润；收获vt. 获得；增加；赚到 both food and emotional security ,conditions n. 条件（condition的复数）；情况v. 使习惯于；作为…的条件（condition的第三人称单数形式）the association n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想of eating with well-being n. 幸福；康乐or with deprivation n. 剥夺；损失；免职；匮乏；贫困.If the child is breast-fed adj. 吃母奶的and has supportive adj. 支持的；支援的；赞助的body contact身体接触as well as good mild intake n. 摄取量；通风口；引入口；引入的量,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous adj. 神经的；紧张不安的；强健有力的and resents vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶 the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle n. [建] 把手；柄；手感；口实vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸 the child hostilely 敌对地during the feeding,or props vt. 支撑；维持n. 支柱；支持者 the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance(disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑) 情绪困扰 at an early age.If ,in addition另外，此外,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars n. [医疤痕；创伤（scar的复数形式）；冻结物v. 给…留下伤痕；在…的心灵上留下创伤（scar的第三人称单数形式）of such emotional deprivation throughout life.2.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to conj. 倾向于…；有意eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event有意义事件(significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物),then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely adv.不利地；逆地；反对地affected by it.This can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless thethe fact of conditioning and to the possible need for her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into 深入到;渗透到(spill vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下vi.溢出，流出；摔下；涌流n.溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下,小塞子)and is often reinforced vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充vi. 求援；得到增援；给予更多的支持n. 加强；加固物；加固材料 by religious beliefs 宗教信仰and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of 意识到the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with 与……相互作用his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically adv. 生理学方面,but not emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of 摆脱physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD.observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 51.Several classes of bitter 苦的citrus compound vt. 合成；混合；和解妥协；搀合vi. 和解；妥协n. [化学] 化合物；混合物；复合词adj. 复合的；混合的 have looked promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）as anticancer agents 抗癌药,抗癌剂(agent,n.代理人；药剂；特工vt.由…作中介；由…代理adj.代理的)in laboratory tests. A new study indicates v.表明；指示，显示that long-term consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨 of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.2.In test-tube adj.人工授精的；在试验管中作成的n. 试管；试验管；人工受精(tube n. 管；电子管；隧道；电视机vt.使成管状；把…装管；用管输送vi.乘地铁；不及格)studies, one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited vt.抑制；禁止the growth of breast cancer 乳腺癌cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔 limonoids similarly adv.同样地；类似于 ward off 避开；挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思 over such data(mull sth. over (=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事),Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect.3.His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for 弥补…；赔偿…(compensate vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬)sugars in the juice.4.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in WashingtonD.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normaldiet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence n. 发生率；影响；[光] 入射；影响范围(incident 事件，事变；插曲).5.Concludes结论Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to 适用于；应用于breast,prostate adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺,and lung cancers.6.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation美国健康基金会in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction unimpressive adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.7.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data“quite interesting.” although he describes as描述为“borderline”n. 边界线，边界；界线adj. 边界的；暧昧的 the suppression n.抑制；镇压；[植]压抑 of cancer incidence observed vt. 庆祝vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论by m has inhibited vt. 抑制；禁止 tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice n. 老鼠（mouse的复数）with limonoinds.8.The scientists don’t know what compounds in or ange juice underlie vt. 成为……的基础；位于……之下its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version n.版本；译文of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed vt. 抑制；镇压；废止tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates vi. 推测；投机；思索vt. 推断,that rats convert vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者the juice’s limonoid into limonin.9.Indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地；甚至,argues vi.争论,辩论；提出理由vt. 辩论，争论；证明；说服Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that th ese anticancer citus compounds are bioavailable 生物及生物药效应的in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake n. 摄取；领会；举起of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypothesize vt. 假设，假定the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support 财务支援，财政支援with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨that supprisses tumorsB.the existence n.存在，实在；生存，生活；存在物，实在物of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 61.Just before dawn 凌晨；黎明前；拂晓we received a call that an unresponsive adj. 反应迟钝的；无反应的infant was being brought by emergency medical services 紧急医疗服务to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric adj.小儿科的resident,intern,respiratory therapist呼吸治疗师,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie adj. 可怕的；怪异的silence enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于a pediatric resuscitation n. 复苏；复兴；复活.(cardiopulmonary-resuscitation 心肺复苏)2.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions n. 胸部按压（compression的复数）(compression n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫)being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we simultaneously adv. 同时地performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion oflines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压)完全无用; 徒然; 无效地; 毫无效果,无济于事.this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated vi.空出，腾出；辞职；休假the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”3.I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed n. 接见，采访；面试，面谈vt. 采访；接见；对…进行面谈；对某人进行面试by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronounced vt. 发音；宣判；断言vi. 发音；作出判断and not knowing the condition of his son.4.The father and I sat with chaplain n. 牧师；专职教士to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned vt. 使震惊；打昏；给以深刻的印象n. 昏迷；打昏；惊倒；令人惊叹的事物look on his face that he knew before I finished my2006年全国医学考博英语真题story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制；发低沉的声音n. 低沉的声音；消声器；包裹物（如头巾，围巾等）；唇鼻部voice.“I am sorry your child passed away去世；停止；度过时间.”5.We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room复苏室.The infant,who only moments ago lay covered with blood and secretions n. 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏oozing from从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in把…包在…里，遮蔽，使陷于soft blankets,and now presenting the body to the grieving vt. 使悲伤，使苦恼vi. 悲痛，哀悼fathet.He seemed relieved vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I tend to the busy emergency department;seeingadj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝my emotional I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue 停尸房.虑,反省段情节\插曲,I realized that ouradj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细[动]停止（arrest vt. 逮捕；阻止；吸引n. 逮捕；监禁）.But it was the compassionate work of the nurse that ultimately adv. 最后；根本；基本上made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of 意识到law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty 玩忽职守；失职；过失责任in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness n. 机敏，敏捷；迅速the procedure 程序，过程90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody vt. 体现，使具体化；具体表达medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations。
医学博士英语试题及答案
医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。
湖南师范大学考博英语真题2006答案解析
湖南师范大学考博英语真题2006答案解析PartⅠReading ComprehensionPassage 11.答案A解析：文章论述的是basic research 和applied research,即基础研究和应用研究。
应用研究就是将基础研究应用于实际的应用中，以创造更多的利益。
所以A中x-rays used in medicine researches 意为将X射线用于医学研究中，属于应用研究的范围。
而另外从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell……… the scope is staggerin g.这一句话是在讲述basic research的范围，B、C、D均属于基础研究的范畴。
故A为答案。
2.答案A解析：从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell………the scope is staggerin g中可知属于basic research 的研究很多，很混乱。
故A 中confusing令人困后的符合文意。
BCD选项的意思分别为令人惊讶的、高兴地、迷人的，均不符合文意。
故A 为答案3.答案C解析：由第二段的内容：which is far more concerned with applied aspects because these profits quickly可知答案为C4.答案C解析：从第二段中the funds the U.S. government allots to basic research currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and development funds,可知美国政府花在基础研究的的经费很少，重心也不在基础研究上，故C为答案。
2006年职称英语考试卫生类（B级）试题及答案（2）
2006年职称英语考试卫生类（B级）试题及答案（2）第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago，I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time，however， I developed some pointers （点子）， which I hope will help others.2 During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" （余悸） from the diagnosis， I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still， I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I#39;d had a biopsy （活检）and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could， which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them，I said，"What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant.3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis，I find myself more comfortable telling people "I was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying "I have cancer." On some deep level， I don#39;t want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your new. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this.4 Most people，after hearing your announcement，will be curious about the next step.They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy （诊疗）and/or chemotherapy （化疗）。
2006年同济大学博士研究生英语试题
同济大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题I Vocabulary 10%Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then put a v in the corresponding place on theAnswer Sheet..1. How can personal income tax be levied to _____ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suf f er too much?A. interestB. benefitC. profitD. concern2. To fund the ____ event and also promote the marketing value of the NationalGames, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A. beneficentB. expensiveC. costlyD. luxurious3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are ______ by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours atthe grindstone.A. outdoneB. outweighedC. outrunD. outrivaled4. This is an alarming realization as natural resources and the environment are being degraded and ____ at a record pace.A. wastedB. reconstructedC. destructedD. reversed5. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the _____ of the Russian winter.A. severityB. consequenceC. influenceD. threat6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to _____its 90,000-person workforce into independent microteams that work directly with individual clients on creativebusiness solutions.A. break outB. break offC. break fromD. break down17. Most environmental ____— from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss —have become markedly worse.A. symptomsB. highlightsC. indicatorsD. symbols8. What we call nature is, _____, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each otherand upon their places.A. in common senseB. from a senseC. by the senseD. in a sense9. Although the "on line" life style has dominated the majority of city youth, mostpeople in the remote countryside still think Internet or something is ____ to theirlife.A. unconcernedB. irrelevantC. inseparableD. inaccessible10. ____ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to exploreevery aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and studentlife, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals.A. PossessingB. AcquiringC. ApprehendingD. Interpreting11. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, ____ the postal service is less efficient.A. whereB. sinceC. thatD. whereas12. The board of directors have already discussed the subject ____ in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.A. in placeB. at lengthC. on endD. of f and on13. Reflecting on our exploration , we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, ____ they may be. A. whatsoever B. whatever C. whichever D. which14. The World Bank is taking steps to ____ its lending to reducing poverty in theThird World Countries.A. orientB. tailorC. adaptD. adjust15. Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into ____2investments this year will double those made in 1997.A. sightB. visionC. perspectiveD. horizon16. The year of 776 B.C. is considered to be the founding dateof the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The Games lastedmore than 11 centuries ____ they werebanned in 393 A.D.A. whenB. afterC. asD. until17. As did his ____Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and Henry Ford, Thomas Edison profoundly transformed the Western World.A. contemporariesB. part-ownersC. companionsD. accomplices18. In a world where information is a flood —____ to everyone, and where nothing is secret or proprietary — the only organizations and managers who will thrive are thosewho can quickly wade into the water, harness what they need, and then add value to it through speedy, innovative business decisions.A. acceptableB. availableC. accessibleD. attainable19. The car pollutes, but advances in fuel quality and ef fi ciency, and inmicroprocessed engine technology, have radically cut ____.A. releasesB. emissionsC. poisonsD. contamination20. If humans use up too much soil - which they have often done and aredoing - then they will starve down to the carrying capacity of their habitat.This is nature's "indifferent" ____.A. flexibilityB. justiceC. plasticityD. sensibilityII. Reading Comprehension 50%Directions: Read the follo w ing passages and choose from the choices marked A, B,C and D that best complete or answer the questions after each passage.Then put a ^in the correspondin g p l ace on the Answer Sheet..Passage OneThroughout the history of life, species of living creatures have made use of chemical energy by the slow combination of certain chemicals with oxygen within their cells. The process is analogous to combustion, but is slower and much more delicately controlled. Sometimes use is made of energy available in the bodies of stronger species as when a remora hitches a ride on a shark or a human being hitchesan ox to a plough.Inanimate sources of energy are sometimes used when species allow themselves to becarried or moved by wind or by water currents. In those cases, though, the inanimate source of energy must be accepted at the place and time that it happens to be and in the amount that happens to exist.The human use of fire involved an inanimate source of energy that was portable and could be used wherever desired. It could be ignited or extinguished at will and could be used when desired. It could be kept small or fed till it was large, and could be used in the quantities desired.The use of fire made it possible for human beings, evolutionarily equipped for mild weather only, to penetrate the temperate zones. It made it possible for them to survive cold nights and long winters, to achieve security against fire-avoiding predators, and to roast meat and grain, thus broadening their diet and limiting the danger of bacterial and parasitic infestation.Human beings multiplied in number and that meant there were more brains to plan future advances. With fire, life was not quite so hand-to-mouth; and there was more time to put those brains to work on something other than immediate emergencies.In short, the use of fire put into motion an accelerating series of technological advances.About 10 000 years ago, in the Middle East, a series of crucial advances were made. These included the development of agriculture, herding, cities, pottery, metallurgy, and writing. The final step, that of writing, took place in the Middle East about 5 000 yea years ago.This complex of changes stretching over a period of 5 000 years introduced what we call civilization, the name we give to a settled life, to a complex society in which human beings are specialized for various tasks.To be sure other animals can build complex societies and can be composed of different types of individuals specialized for different tasks. This is most m arked in such social insects as bees, ants, and termites, where individuals are in some cases physiologically specialized to the point where they cannot eat, but must be fed by others. Some species of ants practice agriculture and grow small mushroom gardens, while others herd aphids; still others war on and enslave smaller species of ants. And, of course, the beehive and the ant or termite colony have many points of analogy with the human city.The most complex nonhuman societies those of the insects, are, however, the result of instinctive behaviour, the guidelines of which are built into the genes and nervous systems of the individuals at birth. Nor does as any nonhuman society make use of fire. With insignificant exceptions, insect societies are run by the energy produced by the insect body.It is fair, then, to consider human societies as basically different from other societies and to attribute what we call civilization to human societies only.21.Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?4A. The process of species' making chemical energy is similar to the process ofcombustion.B. The process of species' making chemical energy is less complicated than theprocess of combustion.C. Fire is a portable, inanimate source of energy.D. Man sometimes makes use of energy available in the bodies of stronger species.22. From the passage we know ___.A. fire made human beings free from bacterial and parasitic infestationB. fire enabled human beings to deal with immediate emergencies more efficientlyC. fire made some animals frightenedD. fire helped human beings change their eating habits completely23. Judging from the context, the phrase "hand-to-mouth" (Para 5) most probablymeans____.A. adventurousB. unhappyC. wanderingD. unstable24. Th e point of similarity between a complex, human society and a complex beesociety is ___.A. the division of laborB. the use of fireC. the development of industryD. the development of a written language25 .According to the passage, insect societies ___.A. are governed by the instincts of insectsB. are not fundamentally different from human societiesC. are composed of individuals of the same typeD. are as not warlike as human beingsPassage TwoModem technology may not have improved the world all that much, but it certainly has made life noisier. Unmuffled motorcycles, blaring car alarms, and roving boom boxes come first, second, and third on my list of most obnoxious noise offenders, but everyone could come up with his own version of aural hell—if he could just find a quiet spot to ponder the matter. Yet what technology has done, other technology is now starting to undo, using computer power, to zap those ear-splitting noises into silence. Previously silence-seekers had little recourse except to stay inside, close the windows, and plug their ears. Remedies like these are quaintly termed " passive" systems, because they place physical barriers against the unwanted sound. Now computer technology is producing a far more effective "active" system, which doesn't just contain, deflect, or mask the noise but annihilates it electronically.The system works by countering the offending noise with -"anti-noise", a somewhat sinister-sounding term that calls to mind antimatter, black holes, and other Popular Science mindbenders but, that actually refers to something quite simple. Just as a wave on a pond is flattened when it merges with a trough that is its exact opposite (or mirror image), so can a sound wave be negated by meeting its opposite.This general theory of sound cancellation has been around since the 1930s. In the fifties and sixties it made for a kind of magic trick among laboratory acousticians5playing around with the first clunky mainframe computers. The advent of low-cost,high-power microprocessors has made active noise-cancellation systems a commercial possibility, and a handful of small electronics firms in the United States and abroad are bringing the first ones onto the silence market.Silence buffs might be hoping that the noise-canceling apparatus will take the shape of the 44 Magnum wielded by Dirty Harry, but in fact active sound control is not quite that active. The system might more properly be described as reactive, in that it responds to sound waves already headed toward human ears. In the configuration that is usual for such systems microphones detect the noise signal and send it to the system's microprocessor, which almostinstantly models it and creates its inverse for loudspeakers to fire at the original. Because the two sounds occupy the same range of frequencies and tones, the inverse sounds exactly like the noise it is meant to eliminate: the anti-noise canceling Beethoven's Fifth Symphony is heard as Beethoven's Fifth. The only difference is that every positive pressure produced on the air by the orchestra is matched by a negative pressure produced by the computer, and every negative pressure is matched by a positive, thereby silencing the sound. The system is most effective as a kind of muffler, in which microphones, microprocessor, and loudspeaker are all in a unit encasing the device that produces the sound, stifling it at its source. But it can work as a headset, too, negating the sound at the last moment before it disturbs one's peace of mind.26.The writer holds that ___.A. modem technology has disturbed the quiet life of the peopleB. modemtechnology has made people indifferent to noise pollution C. modem technologyhas made the present world quieter than before D. modem technology has failed tosolve the problem of noise pollution27. Accor d ing to the passage, an active noise-cancellation system ___. A. contains noiserather than negates it B. eliminates noise rather than muffles it C. deflects noise rather than baffles it D. holds noise back rather than stifles it28. In Paragraph 5 the word " buffs" means A. settlers B. enthusiasts C. buyersD. manufacturers29. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage? A. In the past,people sometimes plugged their ears to fight against the offendingnoise. B. An active noise-cancellation system follows the principle of a wave beingflattened by meeting its exact opposite. C. The first active noise-cancellation system was made in the 1930s, D. Active noise-cancellation systems are no w- available onthe market.30. Active noise-cancellation systems require ___. A. microphonesB. microprocessorsC. loudspeakersD. all of the above6Passage ThreeIn the early years of the twentieth century, astrophysicists turned their attention to a special category of stars, known as cepheid(辐射点在仙王(星)座中的流星) variables. A variable star is one whose apparent brightness changes from time to time. Among some variables, the change in brightness occurs so slowly as to be almost imperceptible; among others, it occurs in sudden, brief, violent bursts of energy. Cepheid variables have special characteristics that make them a useful astronomical tool.It was Henrietta Leavitt, an astronomer at the Harvard Observatory, who first examined the cepheid variables in detail. She found that these stars vary regularly in apparent brightness over a relatively short period of time - from one to three days to a month or more. This variation in brightness could be recorded and precisely measured with the help of the camera, then still a new tool in astronomy.Leavitt also noticed that the periodicity of each cepheid variable - that is, the period of time it took for the star to vary from its brightest point to its dimmest, and back to its brightestagain—corresponded to the intrinsic or absolute brightness of the star. That is, the greater the star's absolute brightness, the slower its cycle of variation.Why is this so? The variation in brightness is caused by the interaction between the star's gravity and the outward pressure exerted by the flow of light energy from the star. Gravity pulls the outer portions of the star inward, while light pressure pushes them outward. The result is a pulsating, in-and-out movement that produces increasing and decreasing brightness. The stronger the light pressure, the slower this pulsation. Therefore, the periodicity of the cepheid variable is a good indication of its absolute brightness.Furthermore, it is obvious that the more apparent brightness of any source of light decrease the further we are from the light. Physicists had long known that this relationship could be described by a simple mathematical formula. If we know the absolute brightness of any object - say, a star - as well as our distanc e from that object, it is possible to use the inverse square law to determine exactly how bright that object will appear to be.This laid the background for Leavitt's most crucial insight. As she had discovered, the absolute brightness of a cepheid variable could be determined by measuring its periodicity. And, of course, the apparent brightness of the star when observed from the earth could be determined by simple measurement. Leavitt saw that with these two facts and the help of the inverse square law, it would be possible to determine the distance from earth of any cepheid variable. If we know the absolute brightness of the star and how bright it appears from the earth, we can tell how far it must be.Thus, if a cepheid variable can be found in any galaxy, it is possible to measure the distance of that galaxy from earth. Thanks to Leavitt's discovery, astronomical distances that could not previously be measured became measurable for the first time.31 .The primary purpose of the passage is to explainA. the background and career of the astronomer Henrietta LeavittB. how and why various categories of stars vary in brightness7C. important uses of the camera as an astronomical toolD. how a particular method of measuring astronomical distances was created32. According to the passage, the absolute brightness of a cepheid variable ____.A. depends upon its measurable distance from an observer on earthB. may be determined from the length of its cycle of variationC. changes from time to time according to a regular and predictable patternD. indicates the strength of the gravitation force exerted by the star33. Which of the following did Leavitt's work provide astronomers with the means of determining?A. The absolute brightness of any observable cepheid variable.B. The apparent brightness of any object at a given distance from an observer.C. The distance from earth of any galaxy containing an observable cepheid variable.D. Both A and C.34. Cepheid variable of great absolute brightness would probably exhibit ____.A. a relatively rapid variation in brightnessB. a correspondingly weak gravitational forceC. slow and almost invisible changes in brightnessD. a strong outward flow of light pressure35. The passage implies that Leavitt's work on cepheid variables would not have beenpossible without the availability of____.A. the camera as a scientific toolB. techniques for determining the distances between starsC. a method of measuring a star's gravitational forceD. an understanding of the chemical properties of starsPassage fourThe American economy, whether in government or private industry, has found retirement a convenient practice for managing the labor force. On the positive side, widespread retirement has meant an expansion of leisure and opportunities for self-fulfillment in later life. On the negative side, the practice of retirement entails large costs, both in funding required for pension systems and in the loss of the accumulated skills and talents of older people.Critics of retirement as it exists today have pointed to the rigidity of retirement practices: for example, the fact that retirement is typically an all-or-nothing proposition. Would it not be better to have some form of flexible or phased retirement, in which employees gradually reduce their work hours or take longer vacations? Such an approach might enable older workers to adjust better to retirement, while permitting employers to make gradual changes instead of coping with the abrupt departure of an employee. Retirement could be radically redefined in the future.Earlier criticism of mandatory retirement at a fixed age led to legal abolition of the practice, for the most part, in 1986, The same kind of criticism has been leveled at the practice of age discrimination in employment. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids older workers from being limited or treated in any way that would harm their employment possibilities. Still, most observers admit that age8discrimination in the workplace remains widespread. The negative stereotypes of older workers have caused employers to be reluctant to hire or train older people. Sometimes such discrimination against older workers is based on mistaken ideas, such as the false belief that older workers are less productive. In fact, empirical studies have not shown older workers to be less dependable in their job performance, nor are their absenteeism rate higher.Interest in the potential productivity of older workers has stimulated the growth of industrial gerontology, a field concerned with recruitment, performance appraisal, retraining, and redesign of jobs to permit older workers to be more productive. Managing an older workforce will clearly be a challenge for the future. There is also much support for the idea of work life extension; that is, adaptations of retirement rules or employment practices to enable older people to become more productive. In favor of this idea is the fact that three-quarters of employed people over 65 are in white-collar occupations in service industries, which are less physically demanding than agriculture or manufacturing jobs. As a result, it is sometimes argued, older people can remain in productive jobs now longer than in the past. In addition, some analysts point to declining numbers of young people entering the workforce, thus anticipating a labor shortage later in the 1990s. That development, if it occurred, might stimulate a need for older workers and a reversal of the trend toward early retirement.36. Opponents of the retirement policy say ____.A. it gives more leisure to old people than they know how to useB. it costs too much money in the form of retirement pensionsC. it is too rigid and flexibility should be integrated into itD. retirement should be p racticed only in the public sector37. Wh at happened in 1986?A. Retirement stopped being practiced.B. Age limitation in retirement was abolished.C. Age discrimination was legally abolished.D. Retired people were no longer entitled to pensions.38.Empirical studies indicate that old people ____.A. are less productive than younger peopleB. prefer working to retiringC. are reliable workersD. are less dependable39. I nd u s tri a l gerontology is concerned with ____.A. how to mange older workforceB. finding out how productive older workers can beC. how to meet the challenge of the futureD. finding out what kind of people can stay after the retirement age40. Which of the following might lead to work life extension?A. Retraining of old people in modem skills.B. The trend toward early retirement.9C. The expansion of agriculture and manufacturing industry.D. The declining younger labor force.Passage FiveOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语的)guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Theattitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives -usually the richer - who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.41. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle-Easterners would most probably ____.A. stand stillB. jump asideC. step forwardD. draw back42.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ____.A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitors10D. arrogance toward other cultures43. In countries other than their own most Americans ____.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants44. According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorancewill____.A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves of f from the outside worldC. limit their role in world af f airsD. weaken the position of the US dollar45. The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize thatA. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other culturesIII. Translation 20%Directions:Translate the following passage into ChineseA few years ago, the rich world's worry about economic interaction with developing countries was that the poor could not profit from it. So unbalanced were the terms of exchange between the North's mighty industries and the South's weakling sweatshops that trade between the two could be nothing more than exploitation of the one by the other: far from helping the poor countries, global integration would actually deepen their poverty. This fear has now given way to a pessimism that is equal and opposite - namely, that trade with the developing world will impoverish today's rich countries.This new fear is more dangerous than the old one. The earlier scare tacitly affirmed that the industrial countries would suffer if they cut their links with the third world. Starting from there, campaigning in the North to restrict trade with developing countries was going to be an uphill struggle. Those who oppose deeper economic integration now have a better platform. Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new competition. Unlike its predecessor, this idea may sell.The new fear, like the old one, expresses the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another. This is a deeply rooted prejudice, and plainly wrong. Very nearly all of the world is more prosperous now than it was 30 years ago. Growth has been a story of mutual advance.Lending useful support to this first error is a second - the idea that there is only so much work to go round. If new technologies make some jobs obsolete, or if an increase in the supply of cheap imports makes other jobs uneconomic, the result must11be a permanent rise in unemployment. Again, on a moment's reflection, this is wrong. At the core of both errors is blindness to the adaptive power of a market economy.IV. Writing 20%Directions:Please read the follo w ing report and then w rite an essay in 250-300 words on the topic : My comment on the plan of future development of Chongming (崇明)island.Your composition should consist of three parts:1. The characteristics of the plan2. My comment on the plan3. Description of the relationship between human and nature (to support our comment) Chongming, the country's third largest and Shanghai's "last piece of pristine land", is working on a decade-long development plan. There are no large -scaleindustrialization plans for the island. Instead future development will focuson tourism, resorts and exhibition centres although there will be room forcertain pollution-free industries. —From "Shanghai Star"。
中国科学院博士英语真题2006年
中国科学院真题2006年(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ VocabularyDirections: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice witha single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1.The problem is that most local authorities lack the ______ to deal sensibly in this market.A anticipationB perceptionC prospectD expertise该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:Danticipation预期，预料；perception理解，感觉，领悟；prospect景色，前景，前途；expertise专家的意见，专门技术。
在和句子中to deal sensibly(聪明地，明智地)in this market的搭配上，只有expertise符合。
2.Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.A incentiveB initiativeC fugitiveD captive该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:Aincentive刺激，诱因，动机；initiative主动，首创精神，进取心，如：take the initiative(采取主动)；fugitive逃亡者；captive指“俘虏”。
根据句子大意，正确选项应是incentive。
中国科学院2006年10月博士研究生入学考试英语试题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
中国科学院2006年10月博士研究生入学考试英语试题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ VOCABULARY(15 minutes,10 points,0.5 point each) Directions:Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement,and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.SSS_SIMPLE_SIND该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5SSS_SIMPLE_SIND该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5SSS_SIMPLE_SIND该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5SSS_SIMPLE_SIND该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5SSS_SIMPLE_SIND该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5Directions:For each blank in the following passage,choose the best answer from the four choices given below.Mark the correspondingletter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets onB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1Section A(60 minutes,30 points)Directions:Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements.Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Read each passage carefully,and then select the choice that best answers tee,question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring AnswerB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SINB C该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINB C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1Directions:In each of the following passages,five sentences have been removed from the original text.They are listed from A to F and put below the passage.Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75).For each passage,there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanksMark yourSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D E F该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1A B C D E F 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D E F该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1SSS_SIMPLE_SIN75.A B C D E F该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION(30 minutes,15 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your pieces of Chinese versionSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 3该问题分值: 3该问题分值: 3该问题分值: 3该问题分值: 3PART Ⅴ WRITING (40 minutes,20 points)1.Directions:Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic答案:。