全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版

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医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The drug was found to be ________ in treating the disease.A. efficientB. sufficientC. effectiveD. effective答案：C2. Despite the ________ weather, the rescue team continued their search.A. horribleB. awfulC. dreadfulD. terrible答案：D3. The patient's condition has ________ improved since the surgery.A. significantlyB. considerablyC. remarkablyD. slightly答案：A4. The new medication has been ________ to treat a wide range of diseases.A. appliedB. utilizedC. employedD. used答案：B5. The doctor ________ the patient's symptoms before making a diagnosis.A. observedB. examinedC. scrutinizedD. inspected答案：B6. The study aims to ________ the relationship between diet and heart disease.A. investigateB. exploreC. researchD. study答案：A7. The patient was advised to ________ a low-fat diet to reduce cholesterol.B. take onC. embraceD. follow答案：D8. The ________ of the new hospital has significantly improved healthcare services in the area.A. establishmentB. constructionC. creationD. foundation答案：A9. The nurse must ________ the patient's vital signs every hour.A. monitorB. observeD. check答案：A10. The ________ of the disease is still unknown, despite extensive research.A. originB. sourceC. causeD. reason答案：C二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）Passage 1In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic pain. This has led to a growing interest in alternative therapies that can provide relief without the needfor prescription medications. One such therapy is acupuncture, which has been practiced in China for thousands of years and has recently gained popularity in Western countries as well.Acupuncture involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of energy, or "qi," and promote healing. Studies have shown that acupuncture can be effective in treating various conditions, including chronic pain, migraines, and stress-related disorders. However, the exact mechanisms by which acupuncture works are still not fully understood.Despite the growing popularity of acupuncture, there are still many skeptics who question its effectiveness. Some argue that the benefits of acupuncture are merely a result of the placebo effect, while others believe that the practice is based on outdated and unscientific principles. Nevertheless, many patients report significant improvements in their symptoms after undergoing acupuncture treatment.Questions:11. What is the main reason for the increase in interest in acupuncture?A. The side effects of prescription medications.B. The need for alternative therapies for chronic pain.C. The popularity of traditional Chinese medicine.D. The lack of understanding of acupuncture's mechanisms.答案：B12. What is the primary goal of acupuncture?A. To cure diseases completely.B. To stimulate the flow of energy and promote healing.C. To replace prescription medications.D. To provide a quick and easy treatment option.答案：B13. What is the general opinion of skeptics regarding acupuncture?A. They believe it is based on scientific principles.B. They question its effectiveness and scientific basis.C. They think it is a temporary trend.D. They are concerned about the potential risks.答案：BPassage 2The human body is a complex system that relies on the proper functioning of various organs and systems to maintain health and well-being. One of the most critical systems is the circulatory system, which is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart, a muscular organ about the size of a fist, is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, form a network that carries blood to and from the heart. Blood, a specialized fluid, contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which play essential roles in the body's functions.Maintaining a healthy circulatory system is crucial for overall health. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management can significantly impact the health of the circulatory system. A diet richin fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help maintain healthy blood vessels, while regular exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce the risk of heart disease. Additionally, managing stress through relaxation techniques and social support can help lower blood pressure and promote overall well-being.Questions:14. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?A. To regulate body temperature.B. To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.C. To fight infections.D. To produce hormones.答案：B15. Which of the following is NOT a component of the circulatory system?A. The heart.B. Blood vessels.C. The liver.D. Blood.答案：C16. How can a healthy diet contribute to the health of the circulatory system?A. By increasing stress levels.B. By improving blood vessel health.C. By reducing the risk of infections.D. By promoting hormone production.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the medical field, communication is a vital aspect of patient care. Effective communication between healthcare providers and patients can lead to better health outcomes and increased patient satisfaction.However, there are several barriers to effective communication that must be addressed.One of the main barriers is the use of medical jargon. Medical professionals often use specialized terms that can be confusing to patients. To overcome this barrier, healthcare providers should strive to use 17. ________ language that is easy for patients to understand. This can help to reduce misunderstandings and ensure that patients fully comprehend their treatment plans.Another barrier is the lack of time. Healthcare providers are often 18. ________ with heavy workloads, which can lead to rushed consultations and limited time for patient education. To address this issue, healthcare providers should allocate sufficient time for each patient, allowing for thorough discussions and 19. ________ to questions. This can help to build trust and rapport with patients.Cultural differences can also pose a challenge in communication. Healthcare providers should be aware of the cultural backgrounds of their patients and make an effort to 20. ________ any potential misunderstandings. This may involve using interpreters or providing written materials in multiple languages.17. A. simpleB. complexC. technicalD. medical答案：A18. A. burdenedB. rewardedC. challengedD. supported 答案：A19. A. avoidingB. ignoringC. respondingD. delaying答案：C20. A. preventB. encourageC. createD. resolve答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）21. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："The latest research indicates that a healthy diet and regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases."答案：最新研究表明，健康饮食和定期锻炼可以显著降低患慢性病的风险。

医学考博英语试题及答案

医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

2020年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案

2020年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section AConversation One1. A. The right medication for the woman. B. The advantage of regular medication.C. The popular medication on the Internet.D. The best medication for high blood pressure.2. A. To teach her how io properly use drugs. B. To prescribe her newly-developed drugs.C. To add a drug to the medication she is on.D. To increase the dosage of her medication.3. A. To prescribe two medication for her.B. To allow her to buy medicine on the Internet.C. To advise on the medicine her friend is using.D. To provide some medical advice to her friend.Conversation Two4. A. Japan. B. France. C. The UK. D. South Korea.5. A. Low obesity rates. B. Inadequate health resources.C. Advanced medical technology.D. High levels of alcohol consumption.6. A. Obesity rates in different countries. B. Dietary patterns in different countries.C. Life expectancy in different countries.D. Alcohol consumption in different countries.Conversation Three7. A. He had had a successful career. B. He had had a happy family.C. He had shown more love.D. He had been wealthier.8. A. In their late 20s. B. In their mid-30s. C. In their mid-40s. D. In their late 50s.9. A. They were carefree. B. They were peaceful.C. They were relaxing.D. They were fulfilling.Conversation Four10. A. Their positive effects. B. Their constant mutation.C. Difficulty in identifying them.D. Possibility of inheriting them.11. A. You may suffer from mental illnesses.B. You may be alone without feeling bad.C. You may have high levels of blood pressure.D. You may develop great ability to tolerate failure.12. A. Because he is always cheerful. B. Because he likes outdoor activities.C. Because he felt bad at the weekend.D. Because he was not at home last week.Conversation Five13. A. Global trends. B. Latest advances.C. Existing problems.D. Technical solutions14. A. It is costly. B. It is inefficient.C. It simplifies tasks.D. It facilitates their work.15. A. They are unsafe. B. They are user-friendly.C. They are brief and concise.D. They are lengthy and incomprehensible.Passage One16. A. How she changed her career. B. What it takes to be a volleyball coach.C. How she walked out of her comfort zone.D. What is the best route to being a doctor.17. A. Because of a high salary. B. Because of her medical education.C. Because of her family background.D. Because of her interest in physical therapy.18. A. An MD degree. B. More medical knowledge.C. Eight years of medical education.D. Experience with a volleyball team.Passage Two19. A. Medical insurance in the U.S. B. Healthcare system in the U. S.C. Telemedicine services in the U. S.D. Health services for the elderly in the U.S.20. A. Because they think that the doctor online is unfriendly.B. Because they do not have trust in online medical services.C. Because they are not accessible to online medical services.D. Because they do not know much about computer operation.21. A. Because it can provide quality services.B. Because it can provide rich information.C. Because it can offer personalized services.D. Because it can cut down on healthcare cost.Passage Three22. A. They are too costly.B. They are not embraced by workers.C. They may not produce the desired benefits.D. They may demand extra efforts from companies.23. A. The wellness program might not be as beneficial as expected.B. The wellness program helped to reduce the healthcare costs.C. The wellness program significantly improved the workers’ health.D. The wellness program did not significantly change the workers’ behaviors.24. A. To develop more effective wellness programs.B. To find out the long-term effects of wellness programs.C. To encourage more workers to enroll in wellness programs.D. To confirm the employers’ expectations for wellness programs.Passage Four25. A. He fell off stairs. B. He almost lost his life.C. He had his spine and arm injured.D. He received two operations.26. A. It reduces surgery hours. B. It stabilizes bone fractures.C. It replaces rods and screws.D. It helps bone grow in a short time.27. A. It was effective in Ellis’s case. B. It cannot be widely applied yet.C. It only works on serious injuries.D. It was used for the first time.Passage Five28. A. It decreases the risk of diabetes. B. It disrupts their digestive system.C. It impacts their metabolism.D. It decreases the risk of obesity.29. A. It may be harmful. B. It may be addictive.C. It may improve health.D. It may cause insomnia.30. A. Sleep loss and health. B. Recovery sleep and health.C. Weekday sleep schedules.D. Weekend sleep schedules.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D are given beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. If there is a good drug available, it is everyone’s responsibility to make sure patients can ________ it.A. affordB. demandC. tolerateD. supply32. Cancer cells hide among healthy cells to conceal their _______ proteins.A. abundantB. malignantC. equivalentD. prevalent33. If the thought of leaving home without your mobile phone causes you to _______ cold sweat, you could be suffering from nomophobia: the fear of having no mobile phone.A. break intoB. break outC. break throughD. break up34. Measles virus can remain in the air for at least a couple of hours, infecting anyone who is susceptible, and _______ causing deadly outbreaks.A. particularlyB. positivelyC. potentiallyD. proficiently35. There are ill effects on the health of older people when their activities are restricted; _______, intervention that increases the range of their activities promotes their health.A. in additionB. in contrastC. in turnD. in short36. Heavy metals can impair cognitive development in children, who are especially at risk because of their size and _______ to absorb more of these substances than adults do.A. characterB. resistanceC. temperD. tendency37. The doctor said his new strategy had started to _______, predicting that the patient’s condition would improve in the coming months.A. pay offB. pick upC. show upD. sort out38. Blocked vessels have several _______ symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, and an abnormal cardiac stress test.A. classicB. conciseC. originalD. obscure39. Stem cells are _______ cells with the ability to divide and develop into many other kinds of cells.A. infertileB. juvenileC. mobileD. versatile40. Before a drug is approved and launched into the market, a significant amount of time and money is spent in an effort to select the most effective one from several drug _______.A. adversariesB. candidatesD. volunteersC. manufacturersSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one that would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy for which no remedy exists in Western medical practice, but certain herbs do provide relief for such patients.A. protectionB. provisionC. theoryD. therapy42. As a nurse, Dorothy is a natural healer who is endowed with compassion and has a variety of modalities to benefit her patients of all ages.A. braveryB. expertiseC. proficiencyD. sympathy43. Many problems that we face, such as depression, compulsive and addictive behaviors, and anxiety, result from human inherent desire to seek pleasure.A. consecutiveB. excessiveC. obsessiveD. possessive44. Virtually, every cell in the body contains its own circadian clock machinery.A. PracticallyB. NaturallyC. SuperficiallyD. Thoroughly45. The eradication of smallpox inspired the world to eradicate other infectious diseases. This optimism was in vain, as infectious diseases are still a big problem in some parts of the world.A. callousB. deliberateC. futileD. negligent46. The comments by the family member invited a series of responses following the unsuccessful rescue attempts for the injured in the emergency room.A. enquiredB. objectedC. promptedD. suppressed47. Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.A. inhibitsB. loosensC. hastensD. triggers48. This newly established fund has a range of medical programs undertaken by universities, industrial labs, or university-industry collaborative projects.A. cooperativeB. innovativeC. lucrativeD. representative49. To reduce the chance of suffocation, pillows should not be placed in the cradle of the kid.A. breathingB. chokingC. sweatingD. swallowing50. The community health nurse often notes the devastating effects on family members as the patient’s chronic illness takes its course.A. develops graduallyB. deteriorates suddenlyC. recovers ultimatelyD. recurs frequentlyDirections: In this part there is a passage with ten numbered blanks, for each of which four choices marked A, B, C, and D are listed correspondingly. Choose the best answer, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Scientists have long known a fairly reliable way to extend the life span in lab animals: reduce the amount of calories they eat by 10 to 40 percent.This strategy, known 51 caloric restriction, has been shown to increase the life span of various organisms and reduce their rate of cancer and other age-related ailments. 52 it can do the same in people has been an open question. But an intriguing new study suggests that in young and middle-aged adults, chronically restricting calorie 53 can affect their health.In this study, researchers looked at 143 healthy men and women who 54 in age from 21 to 50. They were instructed to 55 caloric restriction for two years. They could eat the foods they wanted 56 they cut back on the total amount of food that they ate to reduce the calories they consumed by 25 percent. Many did not 57 that goal. But the group saw many of their metabolic health markers improve 58 they were already in the normal range.Some of the benefits in the calorie-restricted group 59 from impressive weight loss, on average about 16 pounds during the study period. But the extent to which their metabolic health got better was greater than expected from weight loss alone, 60 that caloric restriction might have some unique biological effects on disease pathways. 51. A. as B. by C. for D. to52. A. WhatB. WhetherC. WhateverD. Whichever53. A. injectionB. invasionC. intakeD. input54. A. rankedB. rangedC. fluctuatedD. measured55. A. enhanceB. entertainC. preserveD. practice56. A. as well asB. as soon asC. so long asD. so far as57. A. attestB. affirmC. assertD. achieve58. A. as ifB. so thatC. in caseD. even though59. A. tracedB. evolvedC. stemmedD. stimulated60. A. suggestB. suggestsC. suggestedD. suggestingPart IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneGianluca Vialli, manager of Chelsea Football Club, expressed it explicitly enough: “The foot is the tool of the trade of the footballer.” You might therefore expect footballers to take particularly good care of their feet. But results presented at a recent conference of dermatologists in Amsterdam suggest otherwise. Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.One study, called Achilles Project, looked at 76, 475 pairs of feet belonging to people from 18 European countries. It found that 26% of the sample had Tinea pedis, better known as athlete’s foot, while 30% had Onychomycosis, an infection that causes toenails to become thickened, discolored and distorted. The results showed that East European countries have consistently higher rates of infection. On average, 30% of Britons, Germans and Belgians had some form of fungal infection, compared with 85%of Russians, and less than 10% of Spaniards.Furthermore, adults under the age of 40 who took regular exercise had a 40% greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not. Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit. Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding—grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection: up to 1,500 fungally-infected skin fragments per square meters have been found in some leisure facilities. Sweaty socks and warm, damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers. No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible. But Dr. Caputo, a dermatologist, also found another factor: footballers are often reluctant, for superstitious reasons, to discard their old boots. He found that players get attached to particular boots; if they score a goal with one, they will wear it again and again. The risk of athlete’s foot may be a small price to pay for a goal.61. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Footballers do not care for their feet as expected.B. Footballers’ feet are more sensitive to fungal infections.C. Footballers usually care for their feet more than other people.D. Footballers’ feet are more vulnerable than those of other people.62. According to the passage, “Achilles Project” was designed to ______.A. serve as a global screening for foot infectionsB. collect a sample of infected athletes for researchC. look into the conditions of feet in European countriesD. find measures for reducing high rates of foot infections63. From the description of Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis, we are sure that __________.A. Tinea pedis affects athletes more than OnychomycosisB. Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis are both fungal infectionsC. Tinea pedis is a more serious infection than OnychomycosisD. Tinea pedis is more sensitive to anti-fungal drugs than Onychomycosis64. Which of the following can be safely inferred concerning the leisure centers and swimming pools?A. They could help people in one way and harm them in another.B. They do not spread infections as much as other public places.C. They do not perform adequate check-ups for their visitors.D. They are unlikely to spread fungal infection.65. What did Dr. Caputo find about footballers?A. They play too much to keep their feet clean.B. They usually do not throw away comfortable boots.C. They believe some shoes may bring them good luck.D. They often stick to high-priced shoes for scoring goals.Passage TwoA decade ago, most patients were informed over the phone or in person by the doctors. But in the past few years, hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to sign up for portals, which allow them rapid, round-the-clock access to their records. Lab tests are now released directly to patients.The push for portals has been fueled by several factors: the widespread embrace of technology, incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage “meaningful use” of electronic records, and a 2014 federal rule giving patients direct access to their results. Policymakers have long regarded electronic medical records as a way to foster patient engagement and improve patient safety.Are portals delivering on their promise to engage patients? Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance?Although what patients see online and how quickly they see it differs—sometimes even within the same hospital system-most portals contain lab tests, imaging studies, pathology reports and less frequently, doctors’ notes. It is not uncommon for a test result to be posted before the doctor has seen it.Katharine Treadway, an internist, knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronic medical record. The experience, she said, has influenced the way she practices.More than a decade ago-long before most patients had portals-Treadway, with her husband’s permission, pulled up the results of his MRI scan on a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden, unbearable arm pain.“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease,” Treadway recalled. She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer, let alone a highly aggressive and usually fatal form of advanced lymphoma.Treadway, whose husband has been cancer-free for more than a decade, said she remembered intently checking the name and date of birth, certain she had the wrong patient, then rebooting thecomputer several times “like I was going to get a different answer.”66. What is the trend mentioned at the beginning of the passage?A. More lab tests are ordered through portals.B. More hospitals provide rapid, round-the-clock services.C. More medical consultations are conducted over the phone.D. More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information.67. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor for the increasing use of portals?A. Popular acceptance of technology.B. Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results.C. Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records.D. Legal requirement to provide patients with direct access to their results.68. What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals?A. Unsafe access to patients’ personal information.B. Inadequate guidance for the patients to use portals.C. Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients.D. Different contents provided to the patients by different systems.69. Which of the following statements is true about Dr. Treadway’s husband?A. He was depressed by the diagnosis of his disease.B. He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer.C. He was mismatched with the electronic records of his MRI scan.D. He was informed of the results of his MRI scan via hospital portals.70. The author cites Katharine Treadway’s experience to_______.A. explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessedB. exemplify the potential risk of misinforming patients through portalsC. illustrate the progress in the way information is delivered to the patientsD. show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients’ informationPassage ThreeIn planning for the health needs of these immigrant families, Francesca Weissman, a healthcare practitioner, asked two questions: (1) “What are the most urgent needs of this population?” and (2) “How can this population be induced to use the health services that are available?” In some respects, the second question is more important because persuading immigrant families to utilize services is a basic problem.Building trust is a primary goal. Employing caregivers who can speak the clients’ language will do much to lower ethnic barriers and reduce suspicion on the part of the potential clients. Many traditional families are slow to develop personal relationships, and this holds true in the interactions with caregivers. Unless the families can communicate with caregivers, they cannot begin to trust them. Without trust, they are not likely to seek or even accept assistance.Communication is a two-way channel. Caregivers, Francesca realized, have an obligation to become acquainted with the culture of the growing ethnic populations, and of their diverse subgroups. By becoming informed and by conveying respect, caregivers can make interactions with immigrant families less frightening and more productive. Awareness of the economic climate and other conditions in the place of origin helps caregivers recognize that the suspiciousness of immigrant families towards officials.A family approach to health care is recommended for immigrant groups. If the whole family can be involved in the healthcare program, the individual members are likely to be less fearful. Family-oriented programs may begin with practical advice about the neighborhood: locations of grocery stores, where to apply for food stamps, and how to look for work. Any programs developed for immigrant families must be offered at convenient times and places because they may not have the knowledge or resources to travel freely in their new community.71. The passage begins by implying that immigrant families may not _________.A. be aware of their own health needsB. be willing to use the available servicesC. be entitled to the basic healthcare servicesD. be able to afford services other than the most basic72. It is difficult to build trust between immigrant clients and caregivers because _________.A. caregivers have little overseas working experienceB. caregivers may not speak the clients’ native languageC. caregivers have a strong sense of cultural superiorityD. caregivers are averse to the clients’ ethnic background73. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Understanding different cultures is necessary in offering good services.B. Lack of information and respect is a common problem among caregivers.C. Ethnic populations are gaining significant influence in the healthcare system.D. It is unreasonable to emphasize specific conditions in immigrants’ native homes.74. Which of the following is important when the family approach is adopted?A. Sufficient resources should be guaranteed to ensure the success.B. The daily life of the family should be cared for first and foremost.C. Fear among family members should be relieved at the beginning stage.D. What is included in the programs should be both practical and practicable.75. What does the passage mainly focus on in terms of services to immigrant families?A. How to establish an immigrant-friendly neighborhood.B. How to help immigrants enjoy available healthcare services.C. How to make an assessment of the existing healthcare services.D. How to assist caregivers in understanding immigrants’ family influence.Passage FourThis year mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest event in U.S. history: the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918. Although science and technology have advanced tremendously over the past century, the Pandemic peril remains; a recent exercise at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security showed that an epidemic of an influenza-like virus could kill 15 million Americans in a single year.The medical community’s response to this danger is, understandably, focused on research ang response—discovering new vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics and fighting ongoing epidemics, such as the current Ebola outbreak in Congo. But these urgent undertakings are not sufficient. If the World is to tackle many factors that raise our risk of a devastating pandemic, the medical community may have to enter theatres of operation beyond the laboratory bench and the treatment unit and publicly engage with controversial issues that some observers would consider nonmedical. Indeed, I believe that only such efforts can save us from the social trends, political movements, and policy failures that arc elevating our risk of a pandemic. There are three aspects in particular where the medical community’s intervention is urgently needed.First is the rising tide of isolationism and xenophobia (排外) in many high-income nations, particularly the United States and European countries. The belief that isolating ourselves from the world can prevent the spread of diseases is irrational: we can build no wall high enough to keep out infectious diseases and discase-bearing vectors.The second trend is the growing tide of antiscientific thinking and resistance to evidence-based medicine. In low-income countries, skepticism about vaccines is an everlasting challenge, but what we are seeing in the United States and Europe is something very different, and very dangerous. The growing refusal of parents in high-income countries to vaccinate their children is the tip of an iceberg that could sink us all in the event of an epidemic demanding rapid vaccine deployment and acceptance.Finally, and perhaps most fundamentally, medical professionals can step into the public arena to take on unpleasant and contentious political issues such as climate change and isolationism. Many members of the medical community prefer to avoid becoming involved in controversial issues that seem to be outside the scope of medical concerns, but their voices are needed to confront such issues.76. What does the author mainly do in the first paragraph?A. Warn the world against the upcoming influenza pandemic.B. Give credit to tremendous advances in science and technology.C. Remind the readers of the potential devastating pandemic perils.D. Reflect on the severity of the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918.77. To address the increasing risk of pandemics, the author suggests that the medical community ______.A. focus more on the urgent undertakingsB. pay more attention to research and responseC. make quicker response in fighting ongoing epidemicsD. get more actively engaged with issues other than medical78. According to Paragraph 3, what do the United States and European countries need to do toprevent infectious diseases and disease-bearing vectors?A. To build high wails.B. To maintain an open mentality.C. To isolate themselves from each other.D. To learn from other high-income nations.79. What can be said of the second trend mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Skepticism about vaccines can be tackled easily.B. Antiscientific thinking is not serious in low-income countries.C. High-income countries should learn from low-income countries.D. Parental resistance to vaccinating their children can be disastrous.80. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Medical concerns are as controversial as nonmedical issues.B. Medical professionals should be more concerned with medical issues.C. More and more medical professionals are involved in controversial issues.D. The medical community should play a more active role in controversial issues.Passage FiveIn medical terminology, the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order. As a physician, you do not engage a patient in the neurological examination until you’ve gathered the details of his or her debilitating headaches.But at one time in our medical careers, we are instructed to perform the most thorough physical examination possible without learning so much as the patient’s name. All we are given is an anatomy table number, an age, and a cause of death. We work our way through the anatomy lab—inspecting, searching, and feeling every muscle, bone, and organ-and we write our patients’ histories ourselves.To better understand the life of the woman who had donated her body for my education, I created the Obituary (讣告）Writing Program at Georgetown University during my first year of medical school. I worked with an obituary writer, Emily Langer, to develop a workshop to help interested medical students reflect on the lives that their corpses may have lived. She instructed us on the art of weaving disconnected memories into a single story. A series of creative writing prompts resulted in one student’s story of a dramatic football injury occurring in the middle of a competitive match. This moment in his corpse’s life was imagined from a pink prosthetic (假体的）hip beneath massive layers of muscle.The first conversation with my donor’s son lasted over an hour despite my initial fear that I would ask the wrong questions or offer the wrong words of sympathy. His mother was a small-town farm girl from Wisconsin. Dr. Carol Kennedy, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Class of 1972. She was a devout Catholic who considered being a physician a privilege and an opportunity to serve others. She wanted to continue to serve even after her death by donating her body to Georgetown University in order to educate future medical students like me.We have finally put the history in its rightful place before the physical—students now interview the families of their donors before making the first cut in the anatomy lab. Our corpses are our first counterparts in the privileged patient-physician relationship, and now we are able to begin that partnership just as we hope to do throughout the rest of our medical careers.81. The statement that “the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order”。

(完整word)2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析

2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension （30 ％）Section A1. D 女士的话Finally(终于通过了）说明John用了很长时间才通过这门考试。

2。

B 男士听到乘出租只要两小时后说“I'm up for that”，意思是我愿意这样做，即乐意乘出租车。

up for sth。

意思是愿意做某件事。

3。

C 由女士的话12135551212可知选C。

4。

C 由女士的话She came to see me this morning complaining a pain in her right leg可知病人的抱怨是右腿疼.5。

B 女士说：我要离开一周,我希望你能接着处理这里的事务,男士说You have nothing to worry about(你什么都不用担心），可知女士在给男士交待任务，应该是老板和秘书的关系.6. C 男士先说I feel ashamed to ask him for help（我不好意思找他帮忙），女士安慰说他是你的哥哥，然后男士说I'll call him tonight(我今晚给他电话),可知男士今天可能会找他哥哥帮忙.7。

B 由男士的话Now I am going retake your left leg and see how far you can raise it Keep the knee straight。

Does that hurt at an可知男士在给女士做检查。

8. D 女士说I have just made plans to play tennis,男士说Oh,that’s too bad. Maybe some other time，可知女士还要继续按自己的计划去打台球。

9. A 男士说She's been here as long as I have可知Louise并不是新来的护士.10。

2011年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案解析

2011年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案解析目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷 (2)2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析 (17) 2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (25)医学考博英语历年真题2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. A.The man is busy B.The man has trouble breathingC.The man is out of town on businessD.The man is hiding himself from thewoman2. A.He has a terrible backache B.He has a bad headacheC.He has a toothacheD.He has a diarrhea3. A.It is fast B.It is slowC.It works wellD.It is not working4. A.Four days B.Ten days C.One week D.Two weeks5. A.He is a lawyer B.He is a doctorC.He is a travel agentD.He is an immigration officer6. A.Sunday B.Tuesday C.Thursday D.Saturday7. A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five8. A.To X-ray his chest B.To hospitalize himC.To perform a minor surgeryD.To transfer him to a specialist9. A.To go shopping B.To go back to workC.To change their topicD.To entertain their guests10. A.The man is working too hard B.The man needs to think it overC.The man is supposed to find a jobD.The man has made a right decision11. A.Discussing a case B.Defying a diagnosisC.Performing a surgeryD.Talking with the patient12. A.The woman’s classmate B.The woman’s boyfriendC.The woman’s brotherD.The woman’s teacher13. A.The man is a liar B.The man is jealous of LisaC.She does not agree with the man on thatD.She will surely do the same as Lisa does14. A.250Yuan B.450Yuan C.650Yuan D.850Yuan15. A.She disagrees with the man there B.She is going to change her mindC.It is out of the question to do thatD.It is possible to forgive himSection BDirections:In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.16. A.Liver failure B.Breast cancerC.Kidney failureD.Diabetes out of control17. A.Shape B.Color C.Price D.Size18. A.It is much smaller than a microwave B.It leaves much room for reductionC.It is adjustableD.It is perfect19. A.It is under a clinical trial B.It is available in the marketC.It is widely used in the clinicD.It is in the experimental stage20. A.The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machineB.The further development of the machine is in financial troubleC.The federal government finances the researchD.The machine will come into being in no timePassage One21. A.Suicide B.Obesity C.Turmoil D.Drug abuse22. A.Preventable B.Destructive C.Treatable D.Curable23. /doc/d9*******.html,bining antidepressants and talk therapyB.Promoting the transmission between neuronsC.Winning parental assistance and supportD.Administering effective antidepressants24. A.Because it adds to the effect of treatmentB.Because it works better than the medicationsC.Because it can take the place of antidepressantsD.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants25. A.65percent B.75percent C.85percent D.95percent Passage Two26. A.Helplessness and worthlessness B.Feeling like a loserC.Suicidal feelingD.All of the above27. A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at schoolB.It motivates the patient to work better than othersC.It makes it easy for the patient to make friendsD.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude28. A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at schoolB.By urging the patient to face any challenge in realityC.By making the patient aware of his or her existenceD.By changing the patient’s perspective29. A.Those who stop taking antidepressants B.Those who ask for more medicationsC.Those who are on the medicationsD.Those who abuse the medications30. A.Anxiousness B.Nausea C.Fever D.Insomnia Part II Vocabulary(10%)Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Beneath each of them are given four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the of their behavioras medical professionals.A.transactionB.transformationC.transmissionD.transparency32.He seemed most to my idea which was exceptionallycreative.A.alienB.ambulantC.amiableD.amenable33.The first attempts at gene therapy have mostly,but technique will surely bemade to work eventually.A.stumbledB.stammeredC.striddenD.strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and_______forfatty foods.A.preferenceB.persistenceC.intoleranceD.appetence35.By sheer,I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A.coincidenceB.coherenceC.collaborationD.collocation36.As the drugs began to,the pain began to take hold again.A.wear offB.put offC.all offD.show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the_______medical technologies.A.approachingB.impracticableC.sophisticatedD.transient38.At last,she some reasons for his strange behavior.A.abolishedB.admonishedC.abstainedD.adduced39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from to the grave.A.conceptionB.receptionC.deceptionD.perception40.In more examinations,the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machinefor abnormities.A.conciseB.deviousC.elaborateD.feasibleSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part.Mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A.embarrassinglyB.reluctantlyC.clumsilyD.dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history,medicine was anything but scientific.A.more or lessB.by and largeC.more often than notD.by no meansA.illuminatedB.fascinatedC.alienatedD.hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a productor a financial reward.A.intelligibleB.infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult–orunhealthy–to sustain over time.A.maintainB.reserveC.conceiveD.empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinicalmedicine.A.specialtiesB.principlesC.rationalesD.doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A.juvenileB.potentC.physicalD.matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems quite feasible.A.rationalB.reciprocalC.versatileD.viable49.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of specialty careand experience.A.irresistiblyB.vitallyC.potentiallyD.intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A.tendsB.techniquesC.notionsD.breakthroughsPart III Cloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Whenever people go and live in another country,they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a(n)51about culture shock:they think that it’s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn’t really true.Culture shock is a completely natural52,and everybody goes53it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock.When people first arrive in a new country,they’re usually excited and54.Everything is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are55their own culture,and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things.They feel56. They spend a lot of time57or with other people from their own country.They think,“My problems are all because I’m living in this country.”comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture,and some aredifferent,but that’s OK.They can60it.51. A.account B.reflection C.verification D.misconception52. A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection53. A.for B.through C.after D.about54. A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy55. A.representative of B.different from C.peculiar to D.similar to56. A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled57. A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only58. A.make friends withB.make transactions withC.hold hostility toD.shut the door to59. A.hardly B.more C.very D.less60. A.live with B.do without C.hold up with D.make a successofPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don’t wake up,concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the courseof operations.Gitta Lubke,Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery.Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,says Lubke.Lubke studied96trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery,many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia.During surgery,each patient wore headphones through which a series of16words was repeated for3minutes each.At the same time,After the operation,Lubke tested the patients by showing them the fi rst three letters of a word,such as“lim”,and asking them to complete it.Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery–“limit”,for example–chose that word an average of 11percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding,which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology,could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet.What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards,says Philip Merikle,a psychologist at the University of Waterloo,Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia.A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study,the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists.A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientists.A.prepared two lists of words/doc/d9*******.html,ed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients.A.to regain consciousness under the knifeB.to tell one word from another after surgeryC.to recall what had been heard during surgeryD.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations65.What we can infer from the finding.A.how surgical malpractice can be preventedB.why a surgeon cannot be too carefulC.why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgeryD.how the postoperative patients can retain subconsciousmemoriesPassage Twothat new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory.But they rarely survive more than a few weeks.“We thought t hey were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input,”says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton.Because of the location,Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’survival,and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be /doc/d9*******.html,ter,they gave some of the rats standard tasks.One involved using visual and spatial cues,such as posters on a wall,to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water.In another,the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later.Both these tasks use the hippocampus–if this structure is damaged,rats can’t do them Meanwhile,the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus:finding a platform that was easily visible in water,for instance.Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others.“Learning opportunitiesincrease the number of neurons,”says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California,dispute this.In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience,they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times.Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled,when the new cells would normally be dying.She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early f or new neurons to benefit.“By the time the cells were degenerating,the animals were not learning anything,”she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out that.A.new neurons could grow in adult brainsB.neurons could be man-made in the laboratoryC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer’s diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neurons.A.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected could68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?A.The water usedB.The noises playedC.The neurons newly bornD.The hippocampus involved69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was dueto.A.the timing of labeling new neuronsB.the frequency of stimulationC.the wrongly labeled neuronsD.the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?/doc/d9*******.html,e It or Lose ItB.Learn to SurviveC.To Be or Not to BeD.Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers.In the US,car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children.But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle,Washington,looked at more than26,000people who had been involved in car crashes,and found that heavier people were at far more risk.People weighing between100and119kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than60kilograms.And importantly,the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)–a measure that takes height as well as weight into account.Someone1.8meters tall weighing126kilograms would have a BMI of39,but so would a person1.5meters tall weighing88kilograms.People are said tobe obese if their BMI is30or over.The study found that people with a BMI of35to39are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about20.It’s not just total weight,but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case,the evidence is worth pursuing,says Charles Mock,a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team.He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use heavier crash-test dummies when certifying cars as safe to drive.Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about78 kilograms.Recently,smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars.But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used,the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes,could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure,the American car manufacturers____________.A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people,the researchers.A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem,Mock.A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates,Mock would mostprobably say that.A.cars can be made safer to avoid crashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight,but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the prob lem is drinkers’heavy weight75.Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage?A.Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars?B.Are cars certified as safe to drive?C.Are crash-test dummies too thin?D.Are car accidents preventable?Passage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you.In fact,many studies support this idea–but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.The first question is whose patients are sicker?Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease,but generalist–family physicians and general practitioners–are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment?Specialists are moreof Yale University.On the other hand,a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health,says Martin T.Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland.To further complicate comparisons,many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases,but medical records do not always show that,says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville,Md.That said,stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists.Among about38,000stroke sufferers nationwide,16.1percent of those treated by a neurologist died within3months,compared with25.3percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S.Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York,but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty,in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field,is also a proxy for clinical experience,”he says.“It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts:one,that practice makes perfect;two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in;and three,the issue of formal training.”Differences between specialist care and generalistcare,however,pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice,contend both Donohoe and Clancy.A report by the U.S.General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers–which reduce heart rate and blood pressure–than those who received care from a generalist.Even so,these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them,implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,”says Donohoe.Perhaps,he adds,“we should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.76.Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the two questions raisedin the passage?A.Is specialist care superior?B.What is specialist care all about?C.Why is one unwilling to be a generalist?D.Is generalist care the future of medicine?B.a specialist can be a generalist,or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists.A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists,Donohoe and Clancy contend,could do a better jobof.A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practice/doc/d9*******.html,cating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to.A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care,respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using /doc/d9*******.html,puters are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes,almost always with internet access. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects.This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationshipbetween children and their parents.Because children spend so much time on computers,they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents.According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues (2001)this often leads to a role reversal,where the child becomes a teacher to the parent.In other words,it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority.Moreover,with the anonymity of online communication,computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult,so all users are treated equally (Subrahmanyam et al,2001).Children may then expect the same equality in real life,further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).interacting with their peers(Shields&Behrman,2001).As a result,children may not develop the social skills they need,or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields&Behrman,2001).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence.Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children,so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).However,as Shields Behrman(2001)points out,it is important to note that although the games may affect all children,children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion,using a computer,particularly for extended periods,may affect the parent-children relationship in families.It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships.Moreover,it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive,it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.81.From the very beginning,the author is trying to draw out attention to.A.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of children’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?A.Children become teachers to their parentsB.Parents are fossilized in new technologyC.Children expect for an equal status with their parentsD.Parents’roles are being shrunk by the computer83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?A.Children greatly value the friendship with their peersB.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computerC.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent gamesD.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer。

全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案版

2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite a ll the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to_______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examination Key: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethalKey: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC. varietyD. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC. jealousyD. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stake Key: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociously Key: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotion Key: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessible to D. susceptible to Key: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is saidKey: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if anyKey: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C. insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus__________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。

2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案

2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.T o discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。

2024年医学博士入学英语考试

2024 Medical Doctoral Entrance English ExamSection A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below.*Passage:The field of medicine is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, research, and clinical practice. As a future medical doctor, you will be responsible for staying up-to-date with these developments and applying them to improve patient care.Questions:What drives the constant evolution of the field of medicine?A. Patient demandB. Technological advancementsC. Doctor's preferencesD. Political influenceWhat responsibility will a future medical doctor have?A. To conduct researchB. To manage hospital operationsC. To stay updated on medical developmentsD. To set healthcare policiesSection B: Vocabulary and GrammarComplete the sentences below with the correct form of the given words.*The patient's condition _______ (improve, improves, improved) significantly after the treatment.The research team is _______ (currently, current, curently) studying the effects of the new drug.The doctor recommended that the patient _______ (take, takes, taken) the medication regularly.Section C: TranslationTranslate the following sentences from English to Chinese.*The doctor's diagnosis was accurate and timely.The patient's recovery has been slow but steady.The research findings have the potential to revolutionize medical treatment.Section D: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic: The Role of Technology in Modern Medicine.*第一部分：阅读理解阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

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31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.

A. compensation B. compromise C. commodity D. consumption Key: A 32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.

A. alleviate B. aggravate C. extinguish D. intervene Key: D 33. But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.

A. induce B. convert C. revive D. swerve Key: B 34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.

A. integral B. gross C. wholesome D. intact Key: C 35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.

A. provision B. prosperity C. privilege D. preference Key: B 36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”

A. facilitated B. forfeited C. fulfilled D. furnished Key: B 37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.

A. exclusively B. superficially C. utterly D. doubtfully Key: C 38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.

A. recklessly B. sparingly C. sensibly D. incredibly Key: A 39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.

A. filtered B. distilled C. contaminated D. purified Key: C 40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.

A. by the way B. at all events C. by no means D. in any sense Key: C Section B 41. scrutiny? ?? A. sanction ? ? ?B. restriction ? ? ?C. census ? ??D. examination Key: D

42. potent? ? ? A. inexpensive ? ?B. powerful ? ?C. conventional ? ?D. lethal Key: B

43.?at odds with? ?? A. in tune with ? ? ?B. in favor of ? ? ?C. for the sake of ? ? ?D. in disagreement with Key: D

44. eminent? ? ? A. renowned? ? ? B. notorious ? ? ?C. popular ? ? ?D. mysterious Key: A

45. diversity? ? ? A. sevrity ? ? ? ?B. reliablility ? ? ???C. variety ? ? ? ?D. specificity Key: C

46. lapse? ? ? A. error ? ? ?B. sin ? ? ?C. guilt ? ? ?D. offense Key: A

47. jaundice? ? ?? A. grievance ? ? ? ? B. sympathy ? ? ? ??C. jealousy? ? ? ? ?D. indignation Key: C

48. to little avail? ? ?? A. by no means ? ? ? ??B. in vain ? ??? ? C. of no account ? ? ? ? D. at stake Key: B

49. lavishly? ? ?? A. fearlessly ? ? ? ?B. conspicuously ? ? ? ?C. wastefully? ? ? ? D. ferociously Key: C

50. progression? ? ?? A. deterioration ? ?? ? ?B. accumulation ? ? ? ? C. expansion ? ? ? ? D. promotion Key: A