Giant Structures

合集下载

Giant magnetic-field-induced strain

Giant magnetic-ﬁeld-induced strain in NiMnGa seven-layered martensitic phaseA.Sozinov,a)A.A.Likhachev,nska,and K.UllakkoHelsinki University of Technology,P.O.Box6200,FIN-02015HUT,Finland͑Received13November2001;accepted for publication4January2002͒Giant magnetic-ﬁeld-induced strain of about9.5%was observed at ambient temperature in a magneticﬁeld of less than1T in NiMnGa orthorhombic seven-layered martensitic phase.The strain proved to be caused by magnetic-ﬁeld-controlled twin boundary motion.According to an analysis of x-ray diffraction data,the crystal structure of this phase is nearly orthorhombic,having lattice parameters aϭ0.619nm,bϭ0.580nm,and cϭ0.553nm͑in cubic parent phase coordinates͒at ambient temperature.Seven-layer shufﬂing-type modulation along the(110)͓11¯0͔p system was recorded.The results of mechanical tests and magnetic anisotropy property measurements are also reported.©2002American Institute of Physics.͓DOI:10.1063/1.1458075͔In1996Ullakko1,2suggested the mechanism of magnetic-ﬁeld-induced strain in magnetic shape memory al-loys with large magnetic anisotropy.The mechanism is based on the magnetic-ﬁeld-induced rearrangement of the crystal-lographic domains͑twin variants͒that lower magnetization energy.It can provide large strain similar to a stress-induced one.Magnetic shape memory materials are expected to have a high potential in the design of a different kind of actuating devices and sensors.1,2During the few past years,signiﬁcant progress based on this general idea of designing a new class of magnetic shape memory alloys͑MSMAs͒and a detailed investigation of them has been achieved.3–17As of now,the largest magnetostrain effects were at-tained in Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Several research groups have succeeded in the observation and investigation of a superlarge͑up to6%͒magnetostrain effect in some nonstoichiometric Ni2MnGa-based alloys. The crystal structure of the martensitic phase of these alloys was identiﬁed as a tetragonal one that also hasﬁve-layer shufﬂing type modulation and a tetragonality aspect ratio c/aϽ1.16,18Depending on the chemical composition and temperature there are also two other kinds of martensitic phase in Ni–Mn–Ga that have orthorhombic seven-layered and tetragonal nonlayered crystal structures with c/aϾ1.18,19The possibil-ity of observing large magneticﬁeld-induced strain in any other martensitic phase was the main purpose of our last study.Here weﬁrst brieﬂy report on the observation of su-perlarge9.5%strain effect in orthorhombic martensitic phase in Ni–Mn–Ga.It greatly exceeds the best result of6%ob-tained earlier in the tetragonalﬁve-layered phase of this al-loy.The alloy Ni48.8Mn29.7Ga21.5was prepared by melting in an induction furnace in argon atmosphere.A single crystal specimen was cast in an alumina crucible and solidiﬁed at a rate of0.5mm/min in the Bridgman crystal growth furnace at AdaptaMat Ltd.After homogenization at1253K for20h and aging at1073K for30h the alloy was cooled in air to room temperature.Single-crystal samples were then cut by a spark cutting machine with dimensions of4ϫ4ϫ6mm3. The faces of the prismatic single-crystal samples were nearly parallel to the͓100͔,͓010͔,and͓001͔directions of the high-temperature cubic phase.The samples were also wet pol-ished and electropolished.Figure1shows the temperature dependence of the low-ﬁeld ac magnetic susceptibility of the alloy during heating and cooling.The abrupt change in the value of the suscepti-bility at367–369K is attributed to paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transformation of the L21cubic phase.The Curie temperature is about T Cϭ368K.During the cooling–heating cycle we also observed a sequence of martensitic and intermartensitic transformations. The martensitic transformation starts at337K(M s)and is completed at333K(M f)during cooling.At lower tempera-tures,starting at245K,the value of the magnetic suscepti-bility increased,indicating the intermartensitic transforma-a͒Electronic mail:asozinov@cc.hut.ﬁFIG.1.Temperature dependence of low-ﬁeld ac magnetic susceptibilitymeasured during cooling͑solid line͒and heating͑dashed line͒of theNi48.8Mn29.7Ga21.5alloy.Arrows mark phase transformations.C:ferromag-netic cubic phase,Or:orthorhombic seven-layered phase,T:tetragonal non-modulated phase.The inset shows the scattering intensity distribution inreciprocal space between͑400͒and͑620͒nodes in the orthorhombic phaseof the Ni48.8Mn29.7Ga21.5alloy.Arrows mark additional peaks connectedwith seven-layered modulation of the lattice.APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS VOLUME80,NUMBER1011MARCH200217460003-6951/2002/80(10)/1746/3/$19.00©2002American Institute of Physics Downloaded 19 Jun 2003 to 129.10.128.130. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright, see /aplo/aplcr.jsption.During heating both structure transformations occur in reverse order and show some temperature hysteresis.In par-ticular,the reverse intermartensitic transformation takes place during heating at 306–316K.So reverse martensitic transformation from the orthorhombic to the cubic parent phase upon heating takes place between A s ϭ338K and A f ϭ342K.By x-ray studies made with the Philips X’Pert diffracto-meter it was found that the crystal structure of the ﬁrst high temperature martensitic phase is nearly orthorhombic and has lattice parameters of a ϭ0.619nm,b ϭ0.580nm,and c ϭ0.553nm ͑in coordinates related to the high temperature parent cubic phase ͒at ambient temperature.Seven-layermodulation along the (110)͓11¯0͔p system was observed.The insert in Fig.1shows the scattering intensity distribution in reciprocal space between ͑400͒and ͑620͒nodes recorded by a Q -type scan.There are six approximately equally spaced additional peaks.This kind of martensitic phase is known for nonstoichiometric Ni 2MnGa alloys.18,19We also found that the crystal structure of the second martensite is tetragonal with lattice parameters of a ϭb ϭ0.547nm,and c ϭ0.660nm (c /a ϭ1.207)at 200K and a ϭb ϭ0.551nm and c ϭ0.654nm (c /a ϭ1.187)at ambient temperature.Since the magnetic and the mechanical properties of non-modulated tetragonal martensite phase have recently been studied,16our attention was attracted to the orthorhombic seven-layered martensite.Usually,after a martensitic phase transition the multiple variants of martensite form within a single crystal of the parent high-temperature phase.Afterwards,that multivariant state can be transformed into a nearly single variant of mar-tensitic phase by appropriate mechanical treatment.In this way nearly single-variant samples of orthorhombic phase were prepared.The magnetic properties were determined for single-variant samples from the magnetization curves M (H )re-corded along the ͓100͔,͓010͔,and ͓001͔directions.The samples were constrained by epoxy to prevent a magneti-cally ﬁeld-induced redistribution of martensite variants dur-ing the measurements.The results of the magnetic measure-ments are shown in Fig.2.The magnetization curves indicatethat the shortest axis ͑c axis ͒is the axis of easiest magneti-zation,the longest ͑a axis ͒is the axis of hard magnetization,and the b axis is the intermediate one.Unlike for a single uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant of tetragonal phase one needs two magnetic anisotropy parameters to character-ize the orthorhombic crystal structure.The values of mag-netic anisotropy constants K b ϭ0.7ϫ105J/m 3and K a ϭ1.6ϫ105J/m 3were calculated from the magnetization data ͑Fig.2͒as the area cross section between the easiest curve ͑c axis ͒and the two others ͑b and a directions ͒.Figure 3shows the stress–strain curve obtained during compression along the ͓100͔direction ͑parallel to the longest a axis of the orthorhombic single crystal ͒.The maximal twinning strain obtained is consistent with the crystal lattice aspect ratio estimate of ⑀0ϭ(1Ϫc /a )ϭ10.66%found from x-ray diffraction studies.It was conﬁrmed that the ﬁnal crys-tallographic structure of the sample is the same orthorhombicone but transformed by twinning ͓(101)͓101¯͔system ͔from one single crystalline variant to another with the shortest c axis parallel to the direction of compression instead of to the longest a axis before the testing.The mechanical test reveals that the uniaxial compres-sive stress ␴tw is approximately as low ␴tw ϭ2MPa as was found before 10,12,13,16for the ﬁve-layered tetragonal phase.This is very important because the low twinning stress and high energy of magnetic anisotropy are key to obtaining a large magnetic ﬁeld controlled strain response ⑀MSM ͑the MSM effect ͒through the mechanism of twin boundary motion.12,13More exactly,it is only possible in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys that satisfy the simple criterion,17K Ͼ⑀0␴tw .The magnetic anisotropy energy density K which is exactly equal to the magnetic driving force applied to the twin boundary 13,17must always exceed or be the same order as the mechanical driving force ⑀0␴tw needed to produce twinning.Strain response ⑀MSM for similar systems is expected to be practically equal to the maximal strain ⑀0ϭ(1Ϫc /a )al-lowed by twinning crystallography.In the case of the ortho-rhombic phase studied the K a value of 1.6ϫ105J/m 3is of the same order but a little less compared to ⑀0␴tw Ϸ2.0FIG.2.Magnetization curves measured along different axes of orthorhom-bic seven-layered phase ͑the single-variant constrained state ͒in the Ni 48.8Mn 29.7Ga 21.5alloy at 300K.FIG.3.Stress–strain curve for compression of a single-variant sample of the Ni 48.8Mn 29.7Ga 21.5alloy along the ͓100͔direction at 300K.The change in microstructure is shown schematically in the inset.Downloaded 19 Jun 2003 to 129.10.128.130. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright, see /aplo/aplcr.jspϫ105J/m 3.So,the large ⑀MSM value,which is a little lower than ⑀0ϭ10.66%,is expected for the orthorhombic phase.Figure 4conﬁrms this prediction and shows the results of the ﬁeld-induced strain measurements of the alloy at am-bient temperature.The magnetic ﬁeld was applied parallel to the a axis.The maximal strain achieved in the ﬁrst cycle at the ﬁeld of 1.05T is ⑀MSM ϭ9.5%.In agreement with our earlier explanation this value is lower than the crystallo-graphic limit ⑀0ϭ(1Ϫc /a )ϭ10.66%expected for complete transformation between two single variants.As conﬁrmed by optical observation and x-ray diffraction studies,the transfor-mation to the second variant with favorable c -axis orienta-tion along the ﬁeld is not complete.There are residual twin bands in the sample.The authors would like to acknowledge funding by theNational Technology Agency of Finland ͑Tekes ͒as well as by their industrial research partners ͑Nokia Research Centre,Outokumpu Research Oy,Metso Oyj,and AdaptaMat Ltd.͒.The authors are grateful to Tor Meinander of the Technical Research Centre of Finland ͑VTT ͒for his help with magnetic measurements,to Sanni Mustala for energy-dispersive analy-sis measurements,and to Olavi Mattila of AdaptaMat Ltd.for single-crystal preparation.1K.Ullakko,J.Mater.Eng.Perform.5,405͑1996͒.2K.Ullakko,Proc.SPIE 2779,505͑1996͒.3K.Ullakko,J.K.Huang,C.Kantner,R.C.O’Handley,and V .V .Kokorin,Appl.Phys.Lett.69,1966͑1996͒.4K.Ullakko,J.K.Huang,V .V .Kokorin,and R.C.O’Handley,Scr.Mater.36,1133͑1997͒.5R.D.James and M.Wuttig,Philos.Mag.A 77,1273͑1998͒.6R.C.O’Handley,J.Appl.Phys.83,3263͑1998͒.7R.Tickle,R.D.James,T.Shield,M.Wuttig,and V .V .Kokorin,IEEE Trans.Magn.35,4301͑1998͒.8R.D.James,R.Tickle,and M.Wuttig,Mater.Sci.Eng.,A 273–275,320͑1999͒.9R.C.O’Handley,S.J.Murrey,M.Marioni,H.Nembach,and S.M.Allen,J.Appl.Phys.87,4712͑2000͒.10S.J.Murrey,M.Marioni,S.M.Allen,and R.C.O’Handley,Appl.Phys.Lett.77,886͑2000͒.11T.Kakeshita,T.Takeuchi,T.Fukuda,M.Tsujiguchi,T.Saburi,R.Oshima,and S.Muto,Appl.Phys.Lett.77,1502͑2000͒.12A.A.Likhachev and K.Ullakko,Eur.Phys.J.B 14,263͑2000͒.13A.A.Likhachev and K.Ullakko,Phys.Lett.A 275,142͑2000͒.14A.Sozinov,P.Yakovenko,and K.Ullakko,Mater.Sci.Forum 373–376,35͑2001͒.15O.Heczko,A.Sozinov,and K.Ullakko,IEEE Trans.Magn.36,3266͑2001͒.16A.Sozinov,A.A.Likhachev,and K.Ullakko,Proc.SPIE 4333,189͑2001͒.17A.A.Likhachev,A.Sozinov,and K.Ullakko,Proc.SPIE 4333,197͑2001͒.18V .V .Martynov and V .V .Kokorin,J.Phys.III 2,739͑1992͒.19J.Pons,V .A.Chernenko,R.Santamarta,and E.Cesari,Acta Mater.48,3027͑2000͒.FIG.4.Field-induced strain of a single-variant sample of orthorhombic seven-layered phase in the Ni 48.8Mn 29.7Ga 21.5alloy at 300K measured per-pendicular to the magnetic ﬁeld applied along the ͓100͔direction.Downloaded 19 Jun 2003 to 129.10.128.130. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright, see /aplo/aplcr.jsp。

圣诞礼物读后续写

About half an hour What do you think of the
lfaiWltmehr?, a”tthedohuysobauntdhainskkeids
haisgwooifed,
“
ending?
“I've never seen such a boring film.” His wife answered,
Step 1 Thorough Reading
One Christmas Day
In Pappy's shop
A litthristmas gift
a bell
valued
excited sad
joyful embarrassed
?
Step 2 Drafting-Creative Plotting
Para 2
Para 1
Problems:Later that Possible results/solution evening when pappy
Problems: With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked up at him.
Results:
Step 3 Polishing
1. vivid verbs
2. inner thoughts
With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked (looks,surroundings,
up at him. She forced a smile, murmuring“Thank dialogues)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was Christmas Day. Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing

TPO 31-34 综合原文

托福TPO31综合写作题目 Reading Part:A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic as h, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists int erpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing se veral reasons.First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functiona l structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after th e animal’s death. After the animal died and was burie d in volcanic ash, its ski n may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropter yx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures gr owing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lin es surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of f rills than remains of feathers.A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are t o help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structure s represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located alo ng the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structu res quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This s uggests that the lines do not represent feathers.托福TPO31综合写作题目 Listening Part:The evidence that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil represent feathers is v ery strong. The arguments of the critics are unconvincing.First, it is unlikely that the lines are a result of the decomposition of the dino saur ’s skin, because we don’t see any such decomposition in the fossils of ot her animals buried at the same site. In fact, the fossils of many other animals buried at the site show evidence that their functional skin structures have bee n beautifully preserved in volcanic ash. The well-preserved condition of the oth er fossils makes it likely that the Sinosauropteryx’s lines are also well-preserve d functional structures, possibly feathers, and that they are not fibers caused by decomposition.Second, the idea that the lines represent frills… well, there is an important che mical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain a great deal of a protein called Beta-keratin. Frills, on the other hand, do not contain beta-keratin. Our chemical analyses suggest that the Sinosauropteryx structures did contai n beta-keratin. So that indicates that the structures were feathers, not frills. Third, feathers can be used for other functions than flight and thermoregulation. Think of a bird, like peacock, for example. The peacock has long, colorful fe athers in its tail. And it displays its tail in order to attract a mate. That’s a di stinct function of feathers called the display function. Recently, we have been able to do analyses on the Sinosauropteryx structures that show us that the str uctures were colorful. They were orange and white. The fact that they were co lorful strongly supports the idea that they were feathers that this dinosaur use for display.托福TPO32综合写作题目Reading Part:Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they cal led the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from so me military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectableby sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.托福TPO32综合写作题目Listening Part:Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.Female professor: Quackers are certainly a very strange phenomenon. Experts still debate what the source of the sound was. No one can be sure exactly what caused them. But these experts cite certain problems with all of the theories that you just read about. Here are a few of the arguments that they made.First, the idea that the sounds were caused by Orca whales seems plausible at first but is ultimately highly unlikely. It’s that there are Orca populations in the general areas that the Russian submarines were patrolling. But Orca whales mostly live near the surface of the water. The submarines typically remain deep in the ocean and should not have been able to hear the whale sounds from near the surface. Also the Orca whales would have been detected by the Russian sonar if they were nearby.Giant squid may be a better candidate but one critical fact speaks against this squid theory as well. Russian submarines first detected quacker sound in the 1960s and reports of them continued for about two decades. But the sounds disappeared entirely by the 1980s. However, as far as we know, squid have always lived in the ocean where the submarines were patrolling and continue to live there today. If these were squid sound, there would be no reason to suddenly start hearing them in one decade and then suddenly stop hearing them twenty years later.Third, the idea that the quackers were caused by a secret submarine from another country does not hold up. The sources of the sound appear to move around and change direction very quickly. Submarines cannot move or change direction that quickly. Also all submarines make some engine noise. But no such noise accompanied the quackers. Even today, we don’t have the technology to build submarines that are that fast and have engines that are that silent.托福TPO32综合写作题目Question:Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.TPO 33 Writing - Integrated WritingReading PartCarved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of |locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.One theory is that the carved stone balls were weapons used in hunting or fighting. Some of the stone balls have been found with holes in them, and many have grooves on the surface. It is possible that a cord was strung through the holes or laid in the grooves around the ball. Holding the stone balls at the end of the cord would have allowed a person to swing it around or throw it.A second theory is that the carved stone balls were used as part of a primitive system of weights and measures. The fact that they are so nearly uniform in size - at 70 mm in diameter-suggests that the balls were interchangeable and represented some standard unit of measure. They could have been used as standard weights to measure quantities of grain or other food, or anything that needed to be measured by weight on a balance or scale for the purpose of trade.A third theory is that the carved stone balls served a social purpose as opposed to a practical or utilitarian one. This view is supported by the fact that many stone balls have elaborate designs. The elaborate carving suggests that the stones may have marked the important social status of their owners.Listening PartNone of the three theories presented in the reading passage are very convincing.First, the stone balls as hunting weapons, common Neolithic weapons such as arrowheads and hand axes generally show signs of wear, so we should expect that if the stone balls had been used as weapons for hunting of fighting, they too would show signs of that use. Many of the stone balls would be cracked or have pieces broken off. However, the surfaces of the balls are generally well preserved, showing little or no wear or damage.Second, the carved stone balls maybe remarkably uniform in size, but their masses vary too considerably to have been used as uniform weights. This is because the stone balls were made of different types of stone including sandstone, green stone and quartzite. Each type of stone has a different density. Some types of stone are heavier than others just as a handful of feathers weighs less than a handful of rocks. Two balls of the same size are different weights depending on the type of stone they are made of. Therefore, the balls could not have been used as a primitive weighing system.Third, it's unlikely that the main purpose of the balls was as some kind of social marker. A couple of facts are inconsistent with this theory. For one thing, while some of the balls are carved with intricate patterns, many others have markings that are extremely simple, too simple to make the balls look like status symbols. Furthermore, we know that in Neolithic Britain, when someone died, particularly a high-ranking person, they were usually buried with their possessions. However, none of the carved stone balls have been actually found in tombs or graves. That makes it unlikely that the balls were personal possessions that marked a person's status within the community.Sample answerThe author in the reading passage explores three major functions of the carved stone balls. However, in the lecture, the professor respectively contradicts all his assertions by using three specific points as supports.First, even though the reading passage suggests that the stone balls were weapons because of the holes and grooves on their surface, the professor argues that the stone balls didn’t show signs of use, which means they are neither cracked nor broken and thus cannot be used as weapons.Second, despite the statement in the reading passage that the stone balls were used as primitive weighing system due to their uniform size, the professor contends that their masses vary too considerably from each other. Therefore, the balls could not function as weighing system.Third, the author asserts that the stone balls served a social purpose owing to their elaborate designs while the professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out that the balls were carved with not only intricate patterns but also simple ones, besides, none of the balls were found in the ancient tombs or graves. Consequently, it’s impossible that the balls were social markers.大家好，下面对今天的写作课做出反馈。

关于长城的作文英语不少于五句话

关于长城的作文英语不少于五句话全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Great Wall of China: A Magnificent MarvelWow! Can you imagine a wall that stretches for thousands and thousands of miles? That's the Great Wall of China, one of the most incredible structures ever built by human hands. It's so massive and impressive that you can even see it from space!When I first learned about the Great Wall in school, I couldn't believe that people could create something so enormous and long-lasting. My teacher told us that the construction of the Great Wall began over 2,000 years ago, during the Qin Dynasty. That's a really, really long time ago!The main purpose of the Great Wall was to protect ancient Chinese empires from invasions by nomadic groups from the northern steppe regions. Can you imagine how scary it must have been to face fierce warriors on horseback who wanted to conquer your land? The Great Wall was built to keep those invaders out and keep the people of China safe.Building the Great Wall was an incredible feat of engineering and human effort. It winds its way across deserts, mountains, and plateaus, following the natural contours of the landscape. The wall itself is made of stone, brick, rammed earth, and even sticky rice (yes, you read that right – sticky rice!). It's amazing to think that people back then could construct such a massive structure without modern machinery and tools.Over the centuries, the Great Wall has undergone many repairs and renovations as different dynasties ruled China. It's not just one continuous wall but a series of fortifications, including watchtowers, garrisons, and signal stations. These structures were used to keep an eye out for any potential threats and to quickly relay messages along the length of the wall.One of the coolest things about the Great Wall is that it wasn't built in a straight line. It zigzags and meanders, following the natural terrain. This design made it harder for enemies to attack and also allowed the defenders to catch invaders in deadly crossfires. Clever, right?Visiting the Great Wall is an incredible experience. I was lucky enough to go there with my family last summer, and I was completely awestruck. We climbed up the steep steps, took in the breathtaking views, and imagined what it must have beenlike for the soldiers who guarded this incredible structure centuries ago.As I stood on the Great Wall, looking out over the vast landscapes, I couldn't help but feel a sense of pride and wonder. This incredible feat of engineering and human determination has stood the test of time, reminding us of the ingenuity and resilience of the human spirit.The Great Wall of China is truly a marvel, a testament to the ability of human beings to dream big and create something that defies imagination. It's a symbol of strength, perseverance, and the desire to protect one's homeland. And for a curious kid like me, it's an endless source of fascination and inspiration.篇2The Great Wall of ChinaHave you ever heard of the Great Wall of China? It is one of the most amazing things ever built by people! The Great Wall stretches for thousands of miles across northern China. It winds over mountains and through valleys like a giant dragon. I learned all about this incredible wall when my class went on a field trip there last month.When we first arrived, I couldn't believe how massive the Great Wall was. It towers high above the ground, with huge stone bricks stacked neatly on top of each other. The top of the wall is wide enough for ten people to walk side-by-side! Our tour guide told us that portions of the wall are over 25 feet tall. Just imagine how much work it took to build something so enormous stone-by-stone. Simply unbelievable篇3The Great Wall of China: A Marvelous Wonder of the WorldHi everyone! I'm going to tell you all about the Great Wall of China. It's one of the most amazing places I've ever learned about, and I can't wait to share what I know with you.First of all, the Great Wall is huuuuge! Can you believe it's over 13,000 miles long? That's so massive, it would stretch from New York all the way to Sydney, Australia. And it's not just one straight line either – it twists and turns across mountains, valleys, and deserts in northern China. Isn't that crazy?You might be wondering why someone would build a wall that's so incredibly long. Well, it was actually built over many centuries by different dynasties to protect China from invaderscoming from the north. Starting way back in the 3rd century BC, they kept adding more sections to make it bigger and bigger.It must have taken soooo much work to build the Great Wall. Hundreds of thousands of workers had to carry millions of heavy stone bricks up steep hills and mountains. They didn't have modern tools or machines back then either! The workers had to use ropes, wooden rollers, and just their own muscles to move all those bricks. I can't even imagine how exhausting that would be.Even with so many people working on it, it still took hundreds of years to finish the whole thing. By the篇4The Great Wall of China: A Marvelous Wonder of the WorldIsn't the Great Wall of China absolutely amazing? It's like a giant snake slithering across the mountains and valleys of northern China. I've learned so much about this incredible structure in school, and I can't wait to share my knowledge with you!First of all, the Great Wall is humongous! It stretches for over 13,000 miles, which is longer than the distance from my hometown to the moon and back! Can you imagine walking thatfar? I'd probably need a whole year's worth of snacks to make it all the way. The wall is also incredibly tall, ranging from 15 to 30 feet high in most places. That's taller than a two-story house!But what's even more impressive is how old the Great Wall is. Parts of it were built over 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty. That's older than my grandparents, my great-grandparents, and even my great-great-grandparents combined! The wall was initially constructed to protect ancient Chinese kingdoms from invaders and nomadic tribes. Imagine being a soldier stationed along the wall, keeping watch for any potential threats. It must have been both exciting and terrifying!Over the centuries, different dynasties added to and reinforced the wall, making it stronger and longer. It's like a giant puzzle that took generations to complete. The construction process was incredibly challenging, with workers hauling heavy stones and building materials across rugged terrain. They didn't have modern machinery like bulldozers or cranes, so everything had to be done by hand. I can't even begin to imagine how difficult that must have been!Today, the Great Wall is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Millions of people from all over the globe visit it every year, marveling at its sheer scale and historicalsignificance. Some even hike along the wall, taking in the breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes. I can't wait until I'm old enough to visit it myself and walk in the footsteps of ancient Chinese warriors!The Great Wall of China is truly a wonder of the world. It's a testament to the ingenuity, perseverance, and determination of the Chinese people throughout history. Even though it's an ancient structure, it continues to captivate and inspire people of all ages, reminding us of the remarkable achievements humans are capable of when we work together towards a common goal. The Great Wall is a symbol of strength, resilience, and unity –values that we can all learn from and apply in our own lives.篇5The Great Wall of China: A Mighty MarvelHey there, friends! Today, I'm going to tell you all about one of the most incredible structures in the world – the Great Wall of China! Get ready for an adventure because this is going to be amazing!Can you imagine a wall so long that it stretches across deserts, mountains, and grasslands? Well, that's exactly what the Great Wall of China is! It's a massive structure that winds its waythrough the northern part of China, snaking through the countryside like a giant dragon. And you know what? It's so incredibly long that if you tried to walk the entire length of it, it would take you almost a year to complete the journey! Isn't that mind-blowing?Now, you might be wondering, "Why did they build such a huge wall?" Good question! A long, long time ago, way back in the third century BC, there were many small篇6The Great Wall of China: An Amazing WonderHi there! My name is Amy and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to tell you all about the incredible Great Wall of China. It's one of the most amazing things I've ever learned about!Can you believe that the Great Wall is so long that it can even be seen from space? It stretches for over 13,000 miles across northern China. That's like going from New York to California and back again, then doing it all over again! The Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains, and plateaus. It's made up of many different sections built over hundreds of years by different dynasties.The first parts of the Great Wall were built way back in the 3rd century BC during the Qin Dynasty. It was constructed to protect ancient Chinese states and empires from invasions by nomadic groups from the northern steppe. Hundreds of thousands of workers, including soldiers, peasants, and even criminals, worked tirelessly to build this gigantic defensive system. They had to carry extremely heavy stones and bricks up steep slopes and rugged terrain. What hard work! I can't even imagine doing all that.Even though the Great Wall was built for military defense, these days it has become an amazing tourist attraction. Millions of people from all over the world visit each year to see and walk along this iconic UNESCO World Heritage site. There are even special activities like hiking, camping, and sledding down certain parts of the wall during winter! How fun is that?My favorite part about the Great Wall is just how incredible and mind-blowing it is as a human construction project. It's one of the most massive buildings ever created by human hands and effort alone, without modern machinery and technology. The ancient Chinese people who built it must have been incredibly determined and hardworking. Looking at pictures, you can see the intricate brick and stone masonry, the watchtowers dottingthe landscape, and the grand gateways. It's like a dragon snaking across the mountains!In conclusion, the Great Wall of China is definitely one of the most impressive and fascinating ancient wonders in the world. It's an amazing testament to human perseverance, ingenuity, and architectural skill. I hope I can visit and walk along the Great Wall myself someday. For now, I'll keep learning all I can about this spectacular 2000-year-old masterpiece. The Great Wall truly is a remarkable part of world history and culture!。

新高考英语题型精析精练与话题拓展：话题拓展07.植树造林与森林保护(解析版)

07.植树造林与森林保护养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、阅读理解1Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks. Each of them is divided into two parts — the core protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance (监视) in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly travel activities.Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “China’s water tower”.Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometers. It is our country’s biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform there.Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.Hainan Tropical Rain forest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There aremore than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan.1. Which is called “China’s water tower”?A. Three River-Source National Park.B. Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.C. Giant Panda National Park.D. Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.2. The underlined word “paradise” means ________.A. a perfect placeB. a happy feelingC. a good exampleD. a sweet smile3. Which of the following is not mentioned?A. Three River-Source National Park is the largest national park in China.B. Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park covers an area of 14,100 squarekilometers.C. There are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas in Giant Panda National Park.D. More than 400 kinds of plants and animals can only be found in Hainan.4. What might be the best title for the text?A. The beautiful scenes of natureB. The home of animals and plantsC. The introduction to the five national parksD. The relationships among the five nationalparks【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了中国公布的首批五个国家公园的情况。

语法填空专题练习50篇

语法填空专题练习50篇作者：李华军冼美茵李智妍李学仪黄梦婷来源：《广东教育·高中》2021年第03期阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

（一）（2021届山东临沂高三期中考试）One tension that social media users face is whether to present themselves in a way that’s ideal 1 in a way that’s real.When you’re on Facebook， Instagram， or TikTok， many people make huge efforts 2 （present）the best version of themselves online. But it might be better for your mental health not to craft（精心塑造）an ideal view of yourself when 3（use）social media， according to a new study 4 （publish）Tuesday in Nature Communications. There are psychological benefits associated with being real when 5 comes to Facebook posts and likes，a team of US researchers at New York’s Columbia Business School found.“B eing encouraged to post in a real way was associated with more positive mood and affect，and 6 （little）negative mood within participants，”the study said.“Our findings suggest that all 7 （individual）regardless of personality traits could benefit 8 being rea l on social media.”Those who9 （express） themselves in a more real way—or at least presented themselves on Facebook ina way closer to how they viewed themselves—also reported higher levels of life satisfaction， the research team found. The effect also appeared to be consistent across 10 （difference）personality types.（二）（2021屆山东泰安高三上学期期中考试）A 5-year-old girl has succeeded in 1 （pay）off the outstanding lunch debts of her classmates simply by selling cookies and hot cocoa.Katelynn Hardee 2 （inspire）to sell her baked goods after she overheard a student’s mother talking about how she couldn’t afford 3 after-school program for her child.Katelynn decided to set up a cocoa and cookie stand 4（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all ab out kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindn ess， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season， and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much） ki ndness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂巖）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that even one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！（raise）money for her classmates at Breeze Hill Elementary School. She had 5 （successful）sold all of her cookies and cocoa packets for a grand total of $80 for three hours. Then she had donated the money 6 the school to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students.“Everybody is so 7 （pride）and happy and other students are talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It shows that e ven one small， kind act from a 5-year-old can have an impact on someone in 8 （they）life.”Katelynn， 9 plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district， said，“It’s all about kindness， especially this holiday season，and with everything that’s going on in the world， we just need a little bit10 （much）kindness out there.”（三）（2021屆山东潍坊高三上学期期末考试）There are places on earth that 1 （puzzle）scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating（有吸引力的）places are Easter Island and Stonehenge. Lying in the South Pacific， Easter Island is one of the most isolated（偏远的）places on earth. Shaped like human heads， these structures， 2 were carved by ancient people， range in 3 （high）from about 3. 5 to 12 meters. On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge. This ancient English site is a collection 4 large stones arranged in two circles， one inside the other. Although only ruins of the original formation exist today， archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones， each 5 （weigh）about 4 tons， was built first. The giant stones that form the outer circle，6 （know）as sarsen（砂岩）stones， each weigh as much as 50 tons！。

19-20版：（步步高）Discovering Useful Structures—Infiniti

Discovering Useful Structures—Infinitives基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It is not always easy to refuse(refuse) such an invitation.2．He was too excited to speak(speak) when he heard the news.3．He was the first to arrive(arrive) and the last to leave(leave) in our company.4．The man downstairs found it difficult to get(get) to sleep.5．My grandfather seems to have a lot to worry about(worry)．Ⅱ.单句写作6．我们应当有勇气承认自己是错误的。

We must have the courage to admit that we are wrong.7．她晚上经常有很多会要开。

She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.8．我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。

I’m not so stupid as to put it in writing.9．她从包里拿出那件衣服来试穿，结果发现它不合适。

She took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.10．她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2019·辽宁辽河二中高一期中)Astronauts on shorter spaceship tasks often work very long days.Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work.This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year.They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on earth as much as possible.Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.They can communicate with family and friends by email，Internet phone and through private video conferences.While astronauts cannot go to a football game or a movie in space，there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.Before a mission，the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos，messages，videos and reading material for the astronautsto look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the earth.During their mission，the crew also receives care packages with CDs，books，magazines，photos and letters.And as from early 2010，the Internet became available on the ISS，giving astronauts the chance to do some “Web surfing”in their personal time.Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments，astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the earth.Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day，and every moment offers a new view of the earth’s vast land mass and oceans.11．In Paragraph 1，what does the word “mimic” mean?A．Admit. B．Cover.C．Change. D．Copy.答案 D解析词义猜测题。

攀枝花市成都外国语学校2022-2023学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷(不含音频)

攀枝花成都外国语学校 2022-2023 学年度下期高二 3 月月考英语试题注意事项:1. 试题分听力和笔试两部分。

2. 本堂考试120 分钟，共150 分。

其中I卷满分 80 分，II 卷满分 70 分。

3. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上，并使用 2B 铅笔填涂。

4. 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分5分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Where did the man spend his New Year's Day?A.In Australia.B. In America.C. In New Zealand.2.What did the woman receive?A.A New Year card.B. A postcard.C. An invitation.3.What is the man going to do tonight?A.Go to the store.B. Go to a party.C. Go to the library.4.Which bus can the woman change to at the public library?A. No. 105.B. No. 235.C. No. 325.5.What does the woman usually do on Saturday nights?A.She meets friends.B. She rests at home.C. She does cleaning.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_13

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析They were by far，the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected:a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth.（71）But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion yeays ago.That was just about the moment that the universe was born.What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected:the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe —had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang（the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy）.（72）The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.According to the theory，the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic，unimaginably dense knot of pure energy thatflew outward in all directions，emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas.Over billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，plants and eventually，even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well，the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies.They shouldnt have long to wait.（73）Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.（74）If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.Inflation says that very early on，the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second，propelled by a sort of antigravity.（75）Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.解析：71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。

八下关于旅游去名胜古迹的作文英语

八下关于旅游去名胜古迹的作文英语全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Amazing Trip to the Great PyramidsLast summer, I went on the most incredible trip with my family. We flew all the way from our home in London to Egypt to visit the Great Pyramids of Giza! I had learned a little bit about the pyramids in school, but I was so excited to see them up close.The flight was really long - over 5 hours! I tried to sleep as much as I could. When we finally landed in Cairo, the heat hit me like a giant blow dryer in my face. Egypt is a desert country, so it's hot, hot, hot! We caught a taxi from the airport to our hotel near the pyramids site. I couldn't wait to see them.When we arrived at the hotel, I raced over to the window and there they were - the three magnificent Great Pyramids rising up from the sandy desert. They were bigger than I ever imagined! The largest one is called the Great Pyramid of Khufu. It's made entirely of huge stone blocks weighing many tons each. Just gazing at it made me feel tiny.I begged my parents to let us go straight to the pyramids site. After eating some lunch, we headed out with our tour guide Ahmed. He took us to get up close to the Great Pyramid of Khufu first. It's hard to describe just how massive this thing is! The base alone is over 750 feet wide. That's almost the length of three football fields! And it's over 450 feet tall - taller than a 40-story building. It was built over 4,500 years ago as a gigantic tomb for the mighty Pharaoh Khufu. Just thinking about all the workers who built it by moving and lifting those unbelievably heavy stones is mind-boggling.We went inside through a tunnel that led into the pyramid's interior chambers. It was cool but also spooky feeling like I was inside this ancient, sacred tomb. We climbed up some steep stone stairs to the king's burial chamber. Our flashlights illuminated the immense weight of stone above us. I felt like a tiny archaeologist making an amazing discovery!Ahmed told us that the pyramids are one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. He said they were built as tombs for kings because ancient Egyptians believed that preserving nobles' bodies perfectly through mummification would help their souls survive after death. What incredible beliefs they had!Next, we headed over to the Sphinx - that famous statue with the body of a lion and the head of a human. It was truly an incredible sight, lasting testament to the amazing skills of Egyptian artists and workers so many centuries ago. Just the head of the Sphinx alone is over 30 feet wide! This monument has gazed out over the desert for over 4,500 years.On our second day, we took a day trip to see some other incredible monuments from ancient Egypt - the Step Pyramid of Djoser and ancient city of Memphis. The Step Pyramid looked like a gigantic stone birthday cake and was one of the very first pyramids ever built by the Egyptians. Memphis was once a thriving capital of Egypt around 3000 BC with massive temples and castles. Now it's an archaeological site where you can see ruins of the former glory.Our final day was spent souvenir shopping in the busy markets of Cairo. I bargained with vendors to get some little Sphinx and pyramid statues to remind me of my trip. We ate delicious falafel and kebabs from street food vendors. The sights, sounds and smells of Cairo were so different from anything at home in London.Before long, it was time to depart Egypt and head back home. I'll never forget my first glimpse of the Great Pyramidsrising up from the desert. They are one of the most awe-inspiring and remarkable monuments from the ancient world that you could ever witness in person. I have so many vivid memories burned into my mind - the sweltering heat, the massive stone structures that look like they were built by giants, the buzz of Cairo's busy streets.Most of all, I'll always be amazed that the ancient Egyptians had the ability and知识to construct such breathtaking pyramids and monuments with basically just human labor and simple tools. Just imagine how strong and hard those workers must have been! The pyramids make me appreciate all that past civilizations were able to achieve, even without modern machines and technology. Having the chance to learn about that ancient culture by visiting the last remaining Wonder of the Ancient World was the best history lesson ever. What an unforgettable family adventure!篇2A Wonderful Trip to Ancient WondersHello everyone! My name is Emma, and I'm so excited to share my amazing adventure with you. Last summer, my family and I went on a fantastic trip to visit some of the most incredible ancient sites in the world. It was an experience I'll never forget!Our first stop was the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw those massive, towering pyramids in real life. They looked like giant triangles piercing the sky! Our guide told us that the pyramids were built over 4,500 years ago as tombs for the ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Can you imagine how much work it took to build something so huge without modern tools and machines? It's mind-blowing!We got to go inside one of the pyramids, and let me tell you, it was pretty spooky in there. The narrow passageways were dimly lit, and the air felt thick and musty. I could almost hear the whispers of the pharaohs from thousands of years ago. But the most incredible part was standing in the King's Chamber, where the pharaoh's sarcophagus once rested. It gave me goosebumps thinking about the incredible history that took place there.Next, we traveled to Greece and visited the ancient city of Athens. We saw the Acropolis, a stunning hilltop citadel that overlooks the entire city. The highlight was definitely the Parthenon, a magnificent temple dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena. Our guide explained that the Parthenon was built over 2,500 years ago and is considered one of the greatest examples of ancient Greek architecture. The intricate carvings and towering columns were simply breathtaking.In Italy, we explored the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city that was buried under layers of volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It was like stepping back in time as we walked along the preserved streets and peeked into the homes, shops, and public buildings frozen in that fateful moment. One of the most haunting sights was the plaster casts of people who perished in the eruption, their final moments forever captured in time.Our journey then took us to the ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Mexico. The centerpiece was El Castillo, a massive step pyramid that was once used for religious ceremonies. We climbed to the top, and the view was absolutely incredible! From up there, we could see the entire archaeological site, with its temples, ball courts, and other structures scattered across the lush jungle landscape. It was like a scene straight out of an adventure movie!Throughout our trip, I was constantly amazed by the ingenuity and skill of these ancient civilizations. They were able to construct such magnificent structures and cities without modern technology, relying solely on their knowledge, determination, and the strength of their own hands. It made meappreciate the incredible achievements of humanity and the rich tapestry of history that has shaped our world.I learned so much from this adventure, and it sparked my curiosity to learn even more about these ancient wonders and the people who built them. Who knows, maybe one day I'll become an archaeologist or a historian and uncover more secrets from our fascinating past!If you ever get the chance to visit these incredible ancient sites, I highly recommend it. It's an experience you'll never forget, and it will make you see the world in a whole new light. Trust me, it's worth every penny and every mile traveled!篇3My Awesome Trip to the Great Pyramids!Wow, where do I even begin? This was seriously the coolest trip ever! Last month, my parents surprised me and said we were going to Egypt to see the Great Pyramids of Giza. I had learned a little bit about the pyramids in school, but I was really excited to see them up close and in person.The flight from New York to Cairo was really long, like 12 hours! I tried to sleep as much as I could, but I was just tooamped up thinking about the adventure ahead. When we finally landed, the heat hit me like a truck – it was SO hot and dry compared to home. Egypt is basically a huge desert!We took a cab from the airport to our hotel right near the pyramids. I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw them sticking up over the horizon. They were massive, like giant triangular mountains! Our tour guide told us the biggest one, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, is over 450 feet tall. That's like a 40 story building! I couldn't even fathom how the ancient Egyptians built something so enormously huge back then with no modern tools or machines.The next morning, we got up bright and early to beat the crowds and heat. I was blown away just walking up to the pyramids. They seemed to loom bigger and bigger the closer we got. Our guide said the Great Pyramid was built as a giant tomb for the Pharaoh Khufu over 4,500 years ago! Can you imagine, this ancient monument has stood in the desert, unblemished, for over 45 centuries. It's literally older than the wheels on our car!We went inside through a small entrance tunnel and climbed up some tight corridors to the central burial chamber. It was kind of creepy but awesome being inside something built so long ago. Our guide told us crazy stories about the curses on anyone whodisturbs the tombs. I half-believed him until Mom gave me a look!After exploring the interior, we walked around the exterior and marveled at the craftsmanship. Each stone block was perfectly fitted together without even mortar or cement. It's incredible that something so precise and enormous could be built with just manpower, ropes and sledges so long ago. Our guide said it would be like stacking 30 subway trains on top of each other! No wonder it was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.My favorite part though was getting to ride a camel around the pyramids! I had never been on anything like that before. The camel trainer helped me climb up and its giant humped back felt so high off the ground. When it stood up, I felt like I was going to fall right off! But the camel stayed really calm and slow as we trekked around the monument site. Riding a camel with those colossal pyramids in the background was just surreal.We spent the rest of the day exploring some other cool ancient sites nearby like the Sphinx and Valley Temple ruins. But the Great Pyramids were definitely the most mind-blowing. Looking at those giant manmade mountains of stone, I couldn't help but think about all the hardworking people who built themthousands of years before modern machines. Their dedication and skills were just incredible!This was seriously one of the coolest field trips I've ever been on. Getting to see those world-famous pyramids up close in real life instead of just pictures in a textbook was awesome. It really brought history to life in a way I'll never forget. I feel so lucky my parents took me on this amazing adventure to one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. Now I can't wait to see what other epic destinations we'll get to explore next!篇4A Wondrous Journey to China's Ancient TreasuresHello everyone! My name is Lucy and I'm 11 years old. This summer, my family took the most amazing trip to see some of China's most famous historical sites. I had been learning about ancient Chinese history and culture in school, so I was super excited to experience these places in real life. Get ready for an epic adventure!Our journey began in the bustling city of Beijing. We stayed in a hotel right next to the famous Forbidden City. Can you believe that for over 500 years, it was the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties? It's absolutelymassive, with 9,999 rooms! I felt like a tiny ant exploring a gigantic maze of yellow-tiled buildings, grand halls, gardens, and courtyards.My favorite part was climbing up the stairs to the Imperial Garden at the northernmost point. From there, you can look out over the entire Forbidden City laid out before you. It was breathtaking! I could imagine the emperors surveying their kingdom from that very spot centuries ago. We also saw the Palace Museum, which has an incredible collection of ancient art and artifacts from China's dynastic past.After the Forbidden City, we took a trip to the legendary Great Wall of China. This enormous stone fortification winds across the mountains like a mighty dragon's back for thousands of miles! We hiked along the Badaling section, one of the most preserved and famous stretches. Let me tell you, those stairs are no joke! My legs were burning from all the uphill climbing. But the views from the top were so worth it - green hills rolling into the distance as far as the eye could see, with the snaking Great Wall vanishing into the hazy horizon.It was mind-blowing to think that parts of this wall date back over 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. Can you imagine how much work it took to build by hand, without modern tools andtechnology? The ancient Chinese were incredible architects and engineers. Walking along that colossal structure through the watch towers and garrisons made me feel like a brave warrior protecting the empire. I had so much respect for the blood, sweat, and tears poured into this man-made wonder of the world.Our next stop was the city of Xi'an to see the famed Terracotta Warriors. Oh my gosh, you guys - these life-sized clay statues were one of the coolest things I've ever witnessed! Each warrior figure is unique with different facial features, heights, and details like hair and clothing. They were created around 210 BC to guard the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.When farmers accidentally uncovered some shattered pieces in 1974, they had no idea they stumbled onto one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century! So far, over 8,000 soldier statues have been uncovered in battle formation, along with hundreds of horses and chariots. Our guide explained how each warrior was put in its appointed rank and file, just like a real army ready for war. It absolutely blew my mind trying to comprehend the massive scale and human effort that went into creating this underground terracotta army 2,200 years ago.We also visited the Xi'an City Wall, which is one of the oldest and best preserved ancient military fortifications in China. As we walked along the massive 40-foot-high earth walls, I felt like I had traveled back in time. The guards' towers, battlements, and gates looked ready to defend the city from an attack at any moment. Our guide taught us that these walls used to protect the entire area from nomadic invasions and date back over 600 years to the Ming Dynasty. Just being there made me imagine what life must have been like for the soldiers, merchants, and ordinary people coming and going from the city gates so many centuries ago.Our final destination was the picturesque town of Suzhou, known as the "Venice of the East" for its beautiful canals, bridges, and classical gardens. Here we visited one of the most famous - the Humble Administrator's Garden. This place was like a real-life Chinese painting come to life! Winding covered pathways, pavilions, pagodas, and koi ponds at every turn. Lush green willow trees swayed peacefully over the calm waters where a thick fog seemed to hang in the air. I felt like I had entered a tranquil oasis of nature and harmony.These gardens were built in 1513 during the Ming Dynasty as a place for the elite to appreciate the natural world throughthe principles of "brightness" and "lightness." Every rock, plant, and architectural element was carefully designed to achieve a perfect harmony of elements like water, greenery, and stone. It was hard to believe such a serene landscape was planned and constructed by human hands over 500 years ago! The Humble Administrator's Garden truly made me appreciate the ancient Chinese mastery of artfully blending man and nature.Visiting all of these wondrous historical sites across China was a dream come true. I learned so much about the country's rich cultural heritage that spanned thousands of years, from mighty emperors and colossal palaces to architectural masterpieces and profound philosophies. While these ancient relics are incredible by themselves, being there in person and walking in the footsteps of history was an experience I'll never forget. It really brought the past to life in a whole new way.I have such deep admiration and respect for the blood, sweat, and tears that went into creating these enduring marvels so long ago. The ancient Chinese people must have been absolute geniuses in engineering, architecture, art, and beyond to construct such epic wonders that could last over two millennia. Not to mention the intense physical labor and time that wentinto every brick, clay figure, garden, and monument. Justmind-blowing!This trip has given me a newfound appreciation for learning about history. These sites are like portals into the past that reveal how advanced and sophisticated those ancient civilizations truly were. I feel like I have a deeper connection and understanding of China's culture, traditions, and the human stories woven into its longest enduring landmarks.Preserving these national treasures for future generations is so important so we can continue to be inspired by their history, beauty, and significance.I hope you all get the chance to experience the majesty of China's ancient wonders someday too. Just being there in person was like stepping through a portal into a real-life history book. An experience I'll never forget! Thanks for joining me on this wondrous journey through thecenturies. Until next time, study hard and learn from the past!篇5My Awesome Trip to The Great WallThis summer vacation was the best one ever! My parents took me on an amazing trip to Beijing to see the Great Wall of China. I had learned all about the Great Wall in school, but seeing it in person was a million times cooler than any book or video.We left for Beijing on a Saturday morning. The flight took almost 3 hours from our hometown. I was bouncing up and down in my seat with excitement the whole time. When we finally landed in Beijing, the first thing I noticed was how big and busy everything was compared to back home. There were huge skyscrapers, tons of cars and people everywhere! It was a little overwhelming at first.We took a taxi from the airport to our hotel in downtown Beijing. Our room had an awesome view overlooking the city skyline. I could have spent all day just staring out the window watching the bustling streets below. But of course, we had much more exciting things planned!The next morning, we woke up bright and early to head to the Great Wall. It was about a 90 minute drive from our hotel. As we got closer, I started seeing sections of the huge stone wall snaking across the mountaintops in the distance. I couldn't believe humans had built something so enormous a long, longtime ago without modern tools and machinery. It looked like something out of a fantasy book!When we finally arrived at the Badaling section where tourists can walk on the Wall, I was in complete awe. The Wall was incredibly steep and winding, with beautiful watchtowers rising up at intervals along the crests. I couldn't wait to start hiking!The first few stairs about did me in though. They were crazy tall and steep! My legs were burning after just a couple minutes. But I was determined to keep going and see as much as I could.After hiking for what felt like forever, we finally reached the first watchtower. I've never felt so tiny and insignificant as when I was surrounded by those massive stone walls soaring high into the sky. The views from up top were breathtaking though. You could see the Wall's winding path trailing across the tops of the green mountain peaks for miles and miles in both directions. It made me feel like a little ant on a neverending stone road.We spent a few hours hiking along the Wall, stopping frequently to catch our breath and take in the incredible scenery.I learned that the Great Wall actually stretches an unbelievable 13,000 miles across Northern China! The portion we walked was just a tiny fraction.After our Great Wall adventure, we spent the next few days exploring more of Beijing's top sites like the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, and the Beijing Zoo. Seeing animals like giant pandas that are only found in China was so cool.The Forbidden City, which was the royal palace for centuries, blew me away with its size and beauty. I've never seen a place with so many bright colors, intricate designs, and gilded decorations. It felt like stepping onto a movie set or into an ancient Chinese fairy tale world. I could have wandered those corridors and gardens for weeks and never gotten bored.By the end of the trip, my brain was overloaded with new sights, sounds, and experiences. Everywhere we went, Beijing was teeming with people, traffic, brilliant colors and incredible architecture. The food was out-of-this-world delicious too, like nothing I'd ever tasted before. From crispy Peking duck to rainbow flavored dessert soups, every meal was an exciting adventure for my tastebuds.While I was really sad to leave, I felt so lucky and grateful to my parents for taking me on such an unforgettable journey. Beijing opened my eyes to a fascinating new world and culture. I have a much deeper appreciation now for China's incredibly rich history after walking along ancient monuments like the GreatWall. I just hope I can start saving up my allowance so I can go back and explore more of this amazing country someday!篇6A Magical Journey to the Great Pyramids!Wow, what an incredible trip! My family and I just got back from visiting the amazing pyramids in Egypt and I still can't believe we actually went there. It was a journey I'll never forget!We started our adventure by flying on a huge airplane all the way from America to Cairo, the capital city of Egypt. The flight took forever - I think it was over 12 hours! I tried to sleep but I was way too excited. I kept imagining what the pyramids would look like up close.When we finally landed in Cairo, the first thing I noticed was how unbelievably hot it was outside. The sun was blazing and it felt like an oven! My parents kept telling me to drink lots of water so I didn't get dehydrated in the desert heat.After checking into our hotel, we went straight to Giza to see the pyramids. I'll be honest, when I first laid eyes on them, I was a little underwhelmed. They didn't seem as massive as I hadpictured in my mind. But as we kept walking closer, I quickly realized how truly gigantic they really are!The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the three main pyramids. It's over 450 feet tall - that's like a 45 story building! Our guide told us it was built as a tomb for the pharaoh Khufu over 4,500 years ago using over 2 million giant stone blocks. Can you imagine trying to build something like that today without modern machinery and tools? The workers must have been absolutely exhausted.As we walked around the pyramid, I was just in awe of the size and precision of it all. The limestone blocks fit together so perfectly, with basically no gaps between them. Our guide said the workers were incredibly skilled and were considered some of the best masons and craftsmen in the ancient world.We also got to go inside one of the smaller pyramids through a narrow entrance tunnel. It was pretty scary and claustrophobic inside, with low ceilings and barely any light. We had to crouch down and feel our way through the darkness with our hands on the walls. I can't imagine how the workers dug out those tunnels thousands of years ago!The best part was getting to ride a camel around the pyramids! My camel's name was Chocolate and he had a prettygrumpy face. It felt like I was sitting on a horse that could sneeze me off at any second. But the camel ride gave me a whole new perspective on just how enormous the pyramids truly are.After visiting the pyramids, we went to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo to see some of the cool artifacts and treasures discovered inside the tombs, like golden masks, jewelry, toys, and mummies. The best part was getting to see King Tutankhamun's solid gold death mask - it was incredibly detailed and ornate.My mind was absolutely blown by all the work and skill that went into building the pyramids and the tombs. Just imagining the ancient Egyptians creating those marvels with primitive tools and technology is mind-boggling. No wonder they are considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World!Overall, my trip to Egypt was an adventure I'll never forget. Getting to experience the pyramids and ancient Egyptian culture up close was like stepping into another world and back through time. I feel so fortunate to have had the chance to go on such an amazing journey at my age. Maybe someday I'll get to be an archaeologist and make some cool new discoveries in Egypt myself!。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Giant Structures It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more 1wonderful constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our 2admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders. The Petronas Twin Towers The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a _3 height of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American 4architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers. Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space_5ON_ every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other 6features of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades. The MiUau Bridge The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France. _7At the time it was built，it was the world’s highest bridge, _8reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to _9relieve Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the _10most _extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years! The Itaipu Dam The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, 11which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two 12 countries. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s 13energy needs. In its construction, the 14amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a 15 truly amazing wonder of engineering. Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp 1decline __ in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental 2problem __ The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the 3birds __ . It is also causing serious public health problems 4across _ the Indian sub-continent. While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures have 5long __played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is6because they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are 7traditionally __ left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year. The disappearance of the vultures has 8led to_ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may 9increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the 10future . The need for action is 11urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to 12 find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure. Large-scale vulture 13death_ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined 14by over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. As most vultures lay only single eggs and 15take about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise. Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel． "For me3 personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has4looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their5favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making people think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally,the researchers had participants10 complete questions about their levels of loneliness． Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11securein their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experienceof eating food with family and friends. In another experiment,14eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．