大学英语阅读长句翻译
例3. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为 白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常 情。
例4 It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
在复合句子中，英语的主句为主要部分，一般放在句首，
即重心在前Top-heavy
汉语则一般按照逻辑和时间顺序，将主要部分放在句尾，
形成后重心 End-weight
英语中单词一般放在被修饰词的前面，短语和从句一般放 在被修饰词的后面Right-branching/extending
汉语定语不管单词或词组一般都放在被修饰语的前面Leftbranching /extending
例1.
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里 逗留一两个小时，你也会感到从湖那边吹拂 过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做 “风城”的缘故。
例4 It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.
例1. In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him , that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、介词短语和从句的 引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从 句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、 原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
【译文】比如说，在过去一百多年中，绝大多数科学进 步一直与大学联系在一起，其主要原因之一就在 于：大学是许多不同专业学者的群英汇集之地。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
长 句 翻 译 (E-C)
Translation
of
Long Sentences
英语句子重形合（hypotaxis），句法结构为显性（overt）
汉语句子重意合（parataxis）,句法结构为隐性（covert）
汉语句子主题显著Topic-prominent
英语句子主语显著 Subject-prominent
英语状语可前可后
汉语状语一般放在被修饰的动词或形容词前面Leftbranching /extending
英语中，There+be结构与虚词it的结构用得比较广泛
一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语 过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握 句子的结构。
For a family of four, for example, it is
more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多 刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的 发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
在非洲, 我遇到一个小孩, 他哭得伤心极 了, 我问他时, 他说他饿了两天没吃饭了。
例2.
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再 往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原 因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
(3) 分句法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关 系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多 用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成 句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时 需要适当增加词语。
从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩，我开始有了 成年人的意识，能意识到人生的伤痛与灾难。
(2) 变序法
变序法是指颠倒英语长句的语序， 将句子 成分的前部分放到译文的后部， 或将后面 部分放到译文前面。这样易会更加符合汉语 习惯。
比如：“Misery follows war.” “战争 导致苦难。”
例1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
【译文】制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产。单件 生产就是生产少量的零件，大量生产就是生产大 量相同的零件。
例2. This is, for instance, one of the main reasons why over the last ten centuries scientific progress has been mostly associated with universities, where scholars from many different disciplines were gathering together.
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学) 的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更 为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显 得越来越重要了。
例2：At school the student needs to increase his
knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings.
例1. Manufacturing processes may be classified
as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
现代大学英语精读3 第二版 课后翻译 完整版 第一单元第十六单元
Unit11. 他对他的研究如此专心致志，从来没有过很快就要退休的念头。
He is so devoted to his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire. 2. 很多人都曾说过，如果没有有效的制约，我们都有滥用权力的倾向。
Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we all have a tendency to abuse our power.3. 有些国家拒绝卷入这一争端，而且他们对外国的干涉非常反感。
Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.4. 控制沙城暴需要大量的工作和资金。
The control of sandstorm will involve a lot of work and money.5. 你们用这些技术的时候，必须考虑到当地的条件。
You must take the local conditions into consideration when you apply these technologies. 6. 所有的申请者都必须填好这些表格，然后邮寄50美元的报名费。
All applicants will have to fill out these forms and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars 7. 他根据对孩子们行为的观察得出结论：学习是一种自然的乐趣。
Based on his (careful) observation of children’s behavior, he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.8. 在一个多民族的国家里，各民族之间的和谐需要小心处理。
大学英语快速阅读第四册16篇翻译 (1)
Unit 1Alone in the Arctic Cold一个人在北极严寒Day had broken exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon 一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空trail and climbed the slope, where a dim and little-traveled trail led eastward through the试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹pine forest. The slope was steep, and he paused for breath at the top. There was no sun nor 松林之间。
坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。
没有太阳和hint of sun, though there was not a cloud in the sky. It was a clear day, and yet there缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。
这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里seemed to be a mist over the face of things, that made the day dark. This fact did not worry 似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。
这个事实不担心the man. He was used to the lack of sun.那个人。
他被用来缺乏阳光。
The man looked back along the way he had come. The Yukon River lay a mile wide and hidden那人回头而且他已经来了。
育空河打下英里宽藏起来了under three feet of ice. On top of this ice were as many feet of snow. It was unbroken以下3英尺的冰。
（全）大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解,翻译
（全）大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解,翻译大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解，翻译Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影）of society: they mediate it too. 译文：学校不仅仅是社会的浓缩，它能反映最真实的现实。
词法：mediate，动词有表达，传递的意思。
此处的意思，要结合文章的主旨来理解。
逻辑推理：本句是引出文章主要内容的作用。
真实目的是通过学习表现社会贫富差距。
概括力极强的句子，在英语中要寻找真实的具体意义，见下句。
The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.译文：一流大学既想减少(外部)社会带给学生的压力，又想让学生深刻得了解社会，深入得接触社会——两全其美：不让学生经历风雨又想丰富他们的见识。
大学英语六级真题翻译理解要点：破折号的出现，说明本句话前后意思一致。
while 即表示同时，又表示转折。
即不想社会干扰学生，又想学生多接触社会，这是一处矛盾。
所以，at once 此处表述一个时间做两件事。
这里学校既想···又想···，正是下文提及的两处ideals。
This is ambitious in any circumstances and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地）.译文：这种完美的理想太难实现，而且在不和谐，贫富差距大的社会，会导致尖锐的矛盾。
院校资料-大学英语读写教程1翻译
大学英语读写教程1翻译汉译英1. 有了他父亲给的钱，他就能在附近的镇上买栋房子了。
(afford)With the money given by his father, he could afford a house in the town nearby.2. 那位年轻女士太激动，以至情不自禁地提起了婚姻话题。
(bring up)The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subject of marriage.5. 不管他们是谁，他们都得对这次事故负责。
(whoever)Whoever they are, they should take responsibility for the accident.1. 前几天当我沿着大街走的时候，钱包被人偷了。
The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。
那天上午也不例外。
When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drivie and that morning was no exception.？4. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的肇事者。
The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.5. 我们珍惜自己行动的自由, 劳动的果实和我们的生命。
We hold dear/value our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and, our own lives.1. 她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情。
大学英语综合教程阅读理解翻译
4. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统,以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。
许多郊区家庭内制滑动玻璃门露台与优雅地铁质栅栏所以没人能把门撬开。
5. It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.它并不少见,在最舒适的房子,可以看到贴在窗户上的小告示：该房屋被监视安全部队或保护公司所监视。
6. The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.锁是美国的新象征。
大学英语必考阅读理解及翻译
1Romantic love is one of the most enticing topics around. Just about every movie, TV show, and country-music song contains some element of romance. For many, romantic relationships are by far the most important in their lives.浪漫的爱情是最迷人的一个话题。
几乎所有的电影，电视节目，音乐和乡村音乐歌曲包含一些爱情元素。
对许多人来说，浪漫关系是迄今为止在他们的生活中最重要的。
As a society, we long for intimacy. We grow up believing that if we "just meet the right person" we will be happy. This message is popularized by modern media. It is perhaps one of the most destructive messages around. Quentin Crisp says: "The consuming desire of most human beings is to deliberately plant their whole life in the hands of some other person. I would describe this method of searching for happiness as immature ..."作为一个社会，我们长期的亲密。
我们相信如果我们“仅仅满足人的权利”，我们会很高兴的。
这个消息是由现代媒体推广。
这也许是最具破坏性的消息。
大学英语精读4翻译
1.我知道，不管发生什么情况，我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
I knew I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2.一般说来，年轻一代和老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去更感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
As a general rule, unlike the older generation, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.3.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4.在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。
In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree usually symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.5.女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。
在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
Queen Elizabeth 1 ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6.民主意味着多数人来统治；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。
这两条规则同等重要。
新编大学基础英语综合教程第二册句子翻译
Unit11.London is a very cosmopolitan city伦敦是个非常国际化的大城市。
2. Her mother grew up in the hectic urbon environment.她的母亲是在一种喧嚣的都市环境中长大的。
3 .New York is supposed to be very touristy.纽约被认为是一个充满旅游特色的城市。
4 .The city where I lived a few years ago was dynamic one.我几年前住过的那个城市是一个充满活力的城市。
5. The train was crowded.那班火车非常拥挤。
6. The English often drink tea.英国人经常喝茶。
7 .The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
8 .Last year, I often went to the library of that university.去年我常去那所大学的图书馆。
9 .He left ten minutes ago.他十分钟前离开了。
10. Where did you go last night.昨晚你去哪里了？11. Who phoned last night?昨晚是谁打的电话？12 .What happened last night?昨晚发生了什么事情？13. What does your brother do?你的哥哥是做什么的?14. Whom is he talking with?他正在与谁说话？15. When did they leave?他们是什么时候离开的？Unit216. Nowadays young people like to surf the net to get all kinds of information.现在的年轻人都喜欢上网冲浪，获取各种信息。
大学英语四级阅读和翻译文本
Fast reading 1Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing awhite coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen ora nges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s “Shop with Your Doc” program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among chi ldren. “In America, over50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,”Nadeau says.F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across thestate are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive traini ng in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physiciansin Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H) “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and prev entivemedicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending onpackaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Fast reading 2The start of high school doesn’t have to be stressfulA）This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school. Many will do well. But many will not. Consider that nearly two-thirds of students will experience the "ninth-grade shock," which refers to a dramatic drop in a student's academic performance. Some students cope with this shock by avoiding challenges. For instance, they may drop difficult coursework. Others may experience a hopelessness that results in failing their core classes, such as English, science and math.B)This should matter a great deal to parents, teachers and policymakers. Ultimately it should matter to the students themselvesand society at large, because students' experience of transitioning (过渡) to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences not only for the students themselves but for their home communities. We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive.C)In the new global economy, students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades. in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs. One study has calculated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things.D)The consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students' ability to find a good job. It can also impact the extent to which they enjoy life. Students lose many of the friends they turned to for support when they move from the eighth to the ninth grade. One study of ninth-grade students found that 50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed from one month to the next, signaling striking instability in friendships.E)In addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan. Researchers think that one explanation is that ties to friends are broken while academic demands are rising. Furthermore, most adult cases of clinical depression first emerge in adolescence (青春期) . The World Health Organization reports that depression has the greatest burden of disease worldwide, in terms of the total cost of treatment and the loss of productivity.F)Given all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school. So far, our studies have yielded one main insight: Students' beliefs about change-their beliefs about whether people are stuck one way forever, or whether people can change their personalities and abilities-are related to their ability to cope, succeed academically and maintain good mental health. Past research has called these beliefs "mindsets (思维模式)," with a "fixed mindset" referring to the belief that people cannot change and a "growth mindset" referring to the belief that people can change.G)In one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the nature of "smartness"-that is, their fixed mindsets about intelligence. We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones (荷尔蒙) . Students who believed that intelligence is fixed-that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school-showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade. If students believed that intelligence could improve-that is to say, when they held more of a growth mindset of intelligence-they showed lower levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining. This was an exciting result because it showed that the body's stress responses are not determined solely by one's grades. Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among students who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs.H)We also investigated the social side of the high school transition. In this study, instead of teaching students that their smartness can change, we taught them that their social standing-that is, whether they are bullied or excluded or left out-can change over time. We then looked at high school students' stress responses to daily social difficulties. That is, we taught them a growth mindset about their social lives. In this study, students came into the laboratory and were asked to give a public speech in front of upper-year students. The topic of the speech was what makes one popular in high school. Following this, students had to complete a difficult mental math task in front of the same upper-year students.I)Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor stress responses. When these students gave the speech, their blood vessels contracted and their hearts pumped less blood through the body both responses that the body shows when it is preparing for damage or defeat after a physical threat. Then they gave worse speeches and made more mistakes in math. But when students were taught that people can change, they had better responses to stress, in part because they felt like they had the resources to deal with the demanding situation. Students who got thegrowth mindset intervention (干预) showed less-contracted blood vessels and their hearts pumped more blood-both of which contributed to more oxygen getting to the brain, and, ultimately, better performance on the speech and mental math tasks.J)These findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further. First, we are working to replicate (复制) these findings in more diverse school communities. We want to know in which types of schools and for which kinds of students these growth mindset ideas help young people adapt to the challenges of high school. We also hope to learn how teachers, parents or school counselors can help students keep their ongoing academic or social difficulties in perspective. We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students starting the ninth grade.1.The number of people experiencing depression shows a sharp increase in the first year of high school.2.According to one study, students’ academic performance is not the only decisive factor of their stress response s.3.Researchers would like to explore further how parents and schools can help ninth graders by changing their mindset.4.According to one study, each high school graduate contributes at least 500,000 dollars to the local economy.5.In one study, students were told their social position in school is not unchangeable.6.It is reported that depression results in enormous economic losses worldwide.7.One study showed that friendships among ninth graders were far from stable.8.More than half of students will find their academic performance declining sharply when they enter the ninth grade.9.Researchers found through experiments that students could be taught to respond to stress in more positive way.10.It is beneficial to explore ways to cope with the challenges facing students entering high school.Intensive readingPassage OnePicture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It’s tough decision: The small size may not last yon through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like mo st people, you end up buying the large.If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.I have written about this unique human nature before with my friend Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions to Geography. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found t hat when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.Brain scientist call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people are attracted toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object's value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced the value equation changes.51.Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater ?A)To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.B)To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.C)To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.D) To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?A)To attract more customers to buy it.B) To show the price matches the amount.C) To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.D)To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?A)Lower -priced goods attract more customers.B) The Economist's promotional strategy works.C)The Economist's print edition turns out to sell the best.D) More readers choose the digital over the print edition.54. For what purpose is “the bad option(Line 7, Para. 3) added?A)To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.B)To help customers to make more rational choices.C)To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.D)To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?A)By considering its usefulness.B) By comparing it with other choices.C) By taking its quality into account.D) By examining its value equationPassage TwoBoredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom leveland compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.C) When they experience something unpleasant.D) When they engage in some routine activities.47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?A) Determination B) ConcentrationC) Mental deterioration D) Harmful conduct48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?A) V olunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?A) It stimulates memorization.B) It allows time for relaxation.C) It may promote creative thinking.D) It may facilitate independent learning.50. What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?A) Stop idling and think big. B) Unlock one’s smartp hone.C) Look around oneself for stimulation. D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to not be boringA) Humans are creatures of habit. We love to establish a routine and stick with it. Then we often put ourselves on auto-pilot. Routines can be incredibly useful in helping you get things done. However, too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring. Nevertheless, many people live lives that are boringly predictable, or live a life where everything is outlined or planned.B) To tell the truth, interesting people are more popular among their friends. If you don 't arouse someone's curiosity or brighten someone's day, you probably come across as being a little bit dull. But that doesn't mean your life has ended and you can't do anything to change it. If you find yourself searching for something to say beyond small talk, try these tactics to find more interesting approaches to conversation.C) Recently, I was at a gathering of colleagues when someone turned to me and asked, "So, what's new with you?" Ordinarily, I think I'm a good conversationalist. After all, it's literally my job to talk to people and tell their stories or share their advice. And that's not exactly an unexpected question. Still, the only "new-to-me" topics that came to mind were my daughter's basketball tournament (锦标赛) and my feelings about that morning's political headlines- neither amusing nor appropriate topics at that moment.D) Oh, no, I thought. Have I become boring? But sharing our experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people is what makes us interesting, says associate professor Michael Pirson. The hesitation I felt in not sharing the ordinary things that were happening in my life, and the wild mental search for something more interesting, may have backfired and made me seem less interesting.E) "If someone is making up some conversation that might be interesting, it's probably not going to land well," says Pirson, whose expertise includes trust and well-being, mindfulness, and humanistic management. "It's going to feel like a made-up conversation that people don't necessarily want to tune in to."F) The most interesting people aren't those who 've gone on some Eat, Pray, Love journey to find themselves. Instead, Pirson says, they're those who examine the ordinary. "Often, the 'boring things' may not be boring at all. Maybe they are actually little miracles," he says. Share your observations about the world around you - interesting stories you heard or things you noticed- and you may be surprised by the universal connection they inspire.G) This is essentially how Jessica Hagy starts her day. The author of How to Be Interesting: An Instruction Manual, Hagy spends a lot of time thinking about what's interesting to her. People who are interesting are persistently curious, she says.H) Think about the everyday things around you and ask questions about them. What is that roadside monument I see on my way to work every day? Who built that interesting building in my city? What nearby attractions haven't I visited? Why do people do things that way? Use what you find to ask more questions and learn more about the world around you. "Having thatsort of curiosity is almost like a protective gear from getting into boredom," she says. And when you find things that are truly interesting to you, share them.I) Television veteran Audrey Morrissey, executive producer of NBC's The Voice, is always looking for what will make a person or story interesting to viewers: It's usually a matter of individuality. "Having a strong point of view, signature style, or being a super-enthusiast in a particular field makes someone interesting," she says. That means embracing what is truly interesting or unique about yourself. "Many people are 'not boring' in the way that they can carry a conversation or can be good at a social gathering, etc. To be interesting means that you have lived life, taken risks, traveled, sought out experience to learn for yourself and share with others," she says.J) Of course, it's possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person, says public relations consultant Andrea Pass. Paying attention to the listener is an important part of having a conversation that's interesting to both parties. Talking on and on about what's interesting to you isn't going to make you an interesting person, she says.K) "If the listener is not paying attention, it's your sign to shorten the story or change direction. Make sure to bring the audience into the conversation so that it is not one-sided," Pass says. Be a better listener yourself, and give others opportunities to participate in the conversation by inviting them with questions or requests to share their own experiences or thoughts. (e. g. , "Now, tell me about your favorite book," or "Have you ever been to that attraction?") Questions are a powerful tool, especially when they encourage others to disclose information about themselves. A 2012 study from the University of California, Santa Barbara, found that roughly 40% of the time we are talking, we're disclosing subjective information about our experience. And when we're doing so, our brains are more engaged. So one strategy to leave others with the impression that you 're a sparkling conversation partner is to get others to talk about themselves.L) Being relatable is also essential, Morrissey says. "The best entertainment and storytelling comes from people who are relatable- those who don't shy away from opening up but freely share who they are and what they care about. These are the people viewers most relate to and find interesting. Being authentic, honest, and vulnerable is always interesting."M) I have now come to realize that being boring, in actuality, is not only about who you are as a person, but also how you present yourself. No matter what, make sure you are having fun in life. Because when you are enjoying, people around you will begin to enjoy as well. Show some interest in them and they will definitely show some in you. If you are a very reserved person, this could be a little difficult at first. But with a little effort, you can definitely improve.36. Pirson claims that some ordinary things may often prove to be miraculously interesting.37. To make a conversation interesting, it is important that you listen to the other party attentively.38. A person who is unable to stimulate others' curiosity or make their life enjoyable may appear somewhat boring.39. Interesting people usually possess certain unique qualities, according to a TV program producer.40. Be interested in others and they are sure to be interested in you.41. The author considers himself usually good at conducting conversations.42. Interesting people are always full of curiosity.43. Falling into a routine can tum a person into an utter bore.44. One strategy to be a good conversationalist is to motivate your partner to tell their own stories.45. Interesting as it might appear, a made-up conversation will probably tum out to be dull.。
大学英语教材句子翻译大全
大学英语教材句子翻译大全一、基础句型翻译1. I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。
2. She is a talented singer.她是一个有才华的歌手。
3. They are studying at the library.他们正在图书馆学习。
4. We visited the Great Wall last summer.去年夏天我们参观了长城。
5. My brother is taller than me.我弟弟比我高。
6. I am not good at math.我不擅长数学。
7. The weather in Beijing is usually very cold in winter.北京的天气在冬天通常很冷。
8. The train arrived on time.火车准时到达。
9. She has a beautiful voice.她有一副美妙的嗓音。
10. We had a wonderful time at the party last night.昨晚在派对上我们度过了美好的时光。
二、日常对话翻译1. A: Good morning! How are you today?早上好！你今天好吗？B: I'm good, thank you. How about you?我很好，谢谢你。
你呢？2. A: Excuse me, where is the nearest post office?打扰一下，最近的邮局在哪里？B: Go straight ahead and turn left at the corner. It's just across the street.直走然后在拐角处左转，就在街对面。
3. A: What time is the movie?电影几点开始？B: The movie starts at 7:30 p.m.电影晚上7点半开始。