2018年高考英语二轮复习第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 课件
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• 研究近几年高考试题可以发现，高考阅读理解设置的问题往往反映了一篇文 章的主要信息和脉络，命题者通常从以下几个维度设题： • 1．段首、段尾句：第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主题或中心思想； 某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。因此，命题者一般针对它们 设置主旨大意题目。 • 2．转折、对比处：一般来说，表示转折意义的信号词but、however、yet、on the contrary、in fact或体现对比关系的提示词unlike、while等后的内容往往是 表意重点。因此，命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。
第一部分 阅读理解篇
专题一 阅读理解
考纲导续
2017年高考英语全国卷《考试说明》明确要求考生具备以下能力： 1．理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断单词和短
语的含义；4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理
解作者的意图、观点和态度。
考 情 回 顾 命 题 规 律 应 试 策 略 题 型 攻 略
• 1．通读全文，把握主题知大意 • 考生在有限的时间里，充分利用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧 速读全文，抓住关键词、高频词、主题句、标题、副标题、 插图、表格等关键信息，把握文章结构，快速确定文章主 旨大意。 • 2．关注细节，理清思路与脉络 • 记叙文多以时间或空间为线索展开故事；议论文通常包含 论点、论据和结论，通过解释、举例来阐述观点；说明文 往往有明确的写作顺序。抓住这些特点并结合文章细节， 可以在最短的时间内理清文章思路，把握主旨大意。
年份 数量 类别 细节理解
2015～2017年，全国卷阅读理解考点统计 2015年 2016年 2017年 全国 Ⅱ 6 5 总 全国 计 Ⅲ 6 6 63 36
考点
全国 全国 全国 全国 全国 全国 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ 9 4 7 6 10 3 8 4 9 3 8 5
推理判断
分布情况 主旨大意 词义猜测 逻辑结构
• 3．删繁就简，突破难句捕信息 • 遇到结构复杂的句子，要善于略去修饰成分，如定语(从 句)、状语(从句)、同位语(从句)等，抓住句子的关键成分， 即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，从而迅速锁定 句子意思。 • 4．技巧助力，轻松应考走捷径 • 在阅读理解的过程中，只要考生把握高考命题的规律，熟 练运用略读、扫读、跳读等阅读技巧，就可以获得事半功 倍的效果，提高准确率。
• 3．引用人物论断处：为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有 说服力，作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。 命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。 • 4．体现因果关系处：命题者常常针对体现因果关系的 because、for、as、since、now that、as a result、 consequently、result in、result from等信号词设置细节理解、 推理判断、观点态度题目。 • 5．举例子、打比方处：为了使自己的观点更有说服力， 作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。命题者常常抓住for example、for instance、such as、as等设置意图态度、推理 判断等题目。
• 6．复杂句式处：复杂句式一般包括同位语、插入语、长 难句等，它们往往对考生准确理解文意形成障碍。命题者 往往针对这些复杂句式设置词义猜测、推理判断等题目。 • 7．特殊标点处：破折号、冒号、括号、引号后的内容往 往是对前面内容的进一步解释、说明或补充。命题者往往 针对这些标点符号后的内容设置细节理解、推理判断、主 旨大意等题目。
高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解讲义
阅读理解阅读理解真题检测(一) 2018年6月浙江高考AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century —most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most pa rt, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。
2018版高考英语大二轮复习课件：专题一 阅读理解 8-应用广告 精品
Arrivals and Transfer Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end.They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort.We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert).Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.
2018届高三英语二轮复习河南：阅读理解课件 (共15张PPT)
方法二: 忠于原文,各个排除
易错点三:பைடு நூலகம்观臆断, 天马行空
• A. B. C. D. 例3 Why did the father keep the empty box for many years? He missed his dead daughter much. He represents his daughter’s love and encouraged him to overcome difficulty. He really likes the golden box his daughter gave him. He is poor.
方法四: 辨别词义, 还原文意
实战演练--自我总结
Check the answer
49-52 BDAC
小结:
• 误 由于选项不是对原文内容的简单重复, 而 是用其同义句进行表达, 因此要仔细对照选 项和原文, 看是否有词语, 概念, 时态错误. • 偏 这种选项的干扰特点是信息在原文中出 现过, 但是范畴发生了变化, 或是用文章中 提到的片面内容概括文章主题. • 虚 选项本身没有错误, 可是文章中没有涉及, 或是与题干无关, 此类型错误迷惑性很强
易错点一:粗心大意, 忽视题干
方法一:读准题意, 正确判断
易错点二: 偏离原文,断章取意
例2. What can we learn from the story? A. The unconditional love from others is most valuable. B. parents shouldn’t always be angry with children when they are wrong. C. We should value the golden box that others gave us. D. As children, don’t forget to give parents a box full of kisses on Christmas. ①Which one can be inferred from the passage? ②Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
2018年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题1 第1讲细节理解类43张 精品
• 通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，开始精读文章直 到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种情况需要向上找寻信 息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻 辑关系词(therefore, so, as a result)或代词(that, these, it)。
finished third could not
_fi_n_d_w__o_rk__a_t _a_l_a_w__fi_rm__b_e_c_a_u_s_e_s_h_e_w__a_s_a__w_o_m__an_._________
__________________________________________________
• ◆Rental Information
• Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
• 2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或 EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含 有否定词，如not，never等。
• 3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
• 4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from __________.
2018版高考英语二轮浙江专用课件：第1部分 专题1 模式1 细节理解题 精品
D．put pressure on schools
28．A [考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test 可知，为了能留在意大利，Cojochru 不得不参 加语言考试。]
[例 2] (2017·浙江 6 月卷·C) FLORENCE，Italy－Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt.The Moldovan has lived here
seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly，but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs，such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合)．Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation，seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
2018年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断类练案20171227190
专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断类真题验证题组一A(2017·全国Ⅲ，B) Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75－year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary －eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said.“ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good－bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。
2018年高考英语二轮专题复习全系列配套ppt课件(24份)
The most obvious example is probably Christmas, which
is celebrated around the world. 最明显的例子可能就是圣诞节了，它被世界各地的人们
庆祝。
(名词短语作主语)
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our
他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。
(动词短语和动词作谓语)
The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.
手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板
了。
(系表结构作谓语)
分析：分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句，if引导状 语从句，空格处应为主句的主语，主句的谓语动词是show， 故应填st3·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Have tea in the late
afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.
句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。 句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补 语和同位语等。
一、主语 习惯于发号施令，
偶尔也会被赶下台(用“—”标注)
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。主语一般 位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如： 疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下 台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的词和短语 主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定 式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句等时，为避免头重脚轻， 可用it作形式主语。
2018届高三英语第二轮复习资料-----阅读理解
阅读理解第一节（共15小題；每小題2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从毎题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
一“Wash your hands!” How many times have you heard that from your parents? You might think they’re just complaining you, but actually the most important thing you can do to keep from getting sick is to wash your hands.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, if you don’t wash your hands often, you can pick up germs from other sources and then make yourself sick. You’re at risk ever y time you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. In fact, one of the most common ways people catch colds is by rubbing their noses or their eyes after the cold virus has gotten on their hands.If people don’t wash their hands frequently (especially when the y’re sick), they can spread germs directly to other people or onto surfaces that others touch. And before they know it, everyone around them is coming down with something!Think about all of the things that you touched today —from the telephone to the toilet. Maybe you blew your nose and played with your dog. Whatever you did, you came into contact with germs. So it’s easy for germs on your hand to end up in your mouth.By washing your hands often in the right way, you’ll wash away germs — such as bacteria and viruses that you have picked up from other people, through polluted water and food, or from animals and animal wastes.Do you know that 1 out of 5 people don’t wash their hands after using the restroom? Students don’t wash their hands ofte n or well. In one study, only 58% of female and 48% of male middle-school and high-school students washed their hands after using the bathroom.Remember, washing your hands often is the key to preventing the spread of many common illnesses.1. What can we learn from the text?A. Some parents are always annoying children.B. We will catch colds if we rub our noses often.C. If we can wash our hands often, we will never get sick.D. It is easy for us to catch colds if we get the cold virus on our hands.2. The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means “ _________ “ .A. falling to the groundB. seeing you with giftsC. getting an illnessD. leaving you alone3. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _________ .A. no one can free from germsB. telephones are as dirty as toiletsC. blowing our nose is harmful to usD. we are living in danger due to germs4. According to the text, what should we do to prevent the spread of the virus?A. Keep away from germs.B. Wash hands oftenC. Don’t touch dirty things.D. Don’t keep dogs.二We try to be our best at work. We offer more hours than we are expected but this damages our family life. We spend time with people who we have nothing in common with, and attend social events we have no interest in, even though very often end up unhappy.In fact, most people think about themselves and their own problems 99% of the time, and scarcely give others a second thought. Even so, we live our lives to impress them instead of being ourselves. We spend money that we can’t afford, purchasing the latest fashions, the best car, or even a house which is not a home but a show-house, to impress our friends and neighbors.When what others think about us starts to control our life, it is time to change. There are times, of course, when it is wiser to consider our effect on other people, such as going for a job interview. It’s time to wake up and think about ourselves, and start creating a sustainable future based on our own likes and dislikes. We should find out other ways to get our self-worth by being a loving parent, a good friend or helping others when we can. This will give us far more happiness.Think about your own life now and see if you need to make any changes. Look at your family and your true friends, the way you use your time, and focus on your motivating force. Make more rational (理智的) life choices that will give you a better future for yourself and your family.1. According to the text, people work over time because ____________ .A. they want to gain more payment.B. they tried to make others satisfied.C. they have nothing else to do but work.D. their family expect them to do so.2. It is better to think specially in others’ shoes when you _______.A. go for a holidayB. hunt for a jobC. visit your friendD. attend a lecture3. We’re advised to change when we are __________ .A. trying to avoid being controlled by others in lifeB. preparing better for a job interviewC. reducing our effect on othersD. making ourselves understood4. The next is arranged in a form of __________ .A. problem --–analysis --- solutionB. general view--- secondary viewsC. result---reasonD. point---evidence三My 18-year-old son passed his driving test last year. But my responsibilities linked to this event for a year were not my favorite. As the mother and sole parent, I’m up for the challenges. However, I don’t care for the challenge of being a Driving Instructor. I feel I did a good job. I was fairly patient, not too nervous. I didn’t want to make my son nervous because I was!Many hours were spent with him in the driver’s seat. I couldn’t take my eye off the road around us, always assuming idiot drivers will make mistakes. Mostly he was good. Several times he expertly avoided near collisions, which were the fault of the other drivers. One day though, while driving through Tim Hortons, he drove up to the window but couldn’t reach it to collect his order. So he undid his seat belt and reached over, and I heard the car engine roar. As he reached over, his foot depressed the gas pedal to the floor. Thank goodness he had placed the gear in park. Thank goodness I had taught him to do this.Two weeks ago he drove on the highway to Oakville. I was nervous. It was Thanksgiving weekend with everyone on the highway. I told him to slow down or stop a thousand times. “Mum, relax, you such a back seat driver.” he said. We made it there but he hasn’t driven much with me since. He told me he was n’t going to as I criticized him too much when he’s driving. This reminded me of the days when his dad was my passenger in the car. He would stretch his feet out to the imaginary pedals and grab the dash board like I was flying an airplane. How did that help me? It didn’t. It made me nervous and I stopped driving if he was in the car.I wonder how you stop being the driving instructor after being it for a year, especially now my 16-year-old daughter is starting to learn with me in the passenger seat. Lord help me please!1 . Which words can be used to describe the author?A. Kind and creative.B. Brave and caring.C. Stubborn but careful.D. Clever and hardworking.2. How did the author like her work as a driving instructor for a year?A. Worthy.B. BoringC. Interesting.D. Unsatisfactory.3. Paragraph 2 is mainly about _________.A. the author’s skilled drivingB. the author’s worry about her sonC. the author’s feeling about her son’s drivingD. the author’s success as a back seat passenger4. Why did the author mention her husband in Paragraph 3?A. To show she is a good driver.B. To show she is disappointed with her son.C. To show her husband is different from her son.D. To show the passenger’s reaction doesn’t help in the driver’s driving.四To control the nation’s growing problem with food wastage, the South Korean government has started a unique initiative (倡议) ----“Pay as You Trash”. According to the initiative, the South Korean government has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card –when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the lid will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user's account. The user needs to settle this bill every month.The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around 190 won (less than $1). There's also a bar code management system in place, in which residents throw food waste directly into dustbins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin.Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste---the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block. The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really feel the pinch of excessive waste. The more food they toss out, the more they end up paying.Thanks to the initiative, residents like Seoul housewife Ms. Kwan are now adopting creative methods to avoid food waste. She makes sure to strain all the liquid out of leftover food before throwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries to use as much as the edible parts aspossible,1. Why does the South Korean government decide to launch the initiative?A. People are complaining about food waste.B. More and more food wastes are produced.C. Food waste is worsening the government.D. People have little knowledge of saving food.2. The underlined word “pinch” in Paragraph3 means “______________” .A. joyB. amountC. painD. cause3. Before the initiative was launched, the residents ___________ .A. didn’t pay for their food wasteB. paid for their food waste by weightC. had to pay for their food garbage bagsD. paid for food waste equally in their blocks4. According to the text, the initiative “Pay as You Trash” _________ .A. is working effectivelyB. was thought to be unfair at firstC. is quite expensive to carry outD. is being attempted in some areas五When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm．These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-kilometer- an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up．"Storm chasing (追逐)"is becoming an increasingly popular hobby,especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July．A storm chaser begins the dayby checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to l,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop．Although anyone can do it,storm chasing is extremely dangerous．The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds．Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm– chasing vacations during the storm season．Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement．"Storm chasing is 95％driving,"says Daniel Lynch,who spends most of his summer storm-chasing．"Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers."However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. "When you get close to a storm,it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life," says Jasper Morley．"Every storm is an example of the power of nature．It is the greatest show on Earth."1. For storm chasing, the first thing storm chasers do is to _____.A. head straight for the center of the stormB. get into the car for safetyC. wait patiently for the storm to developD. collect information about a coming storm2. Beginners of storm chasing are advised _____.A. not to drive in a heavy rainB. to do it in an organized wayC. not to get too close to a stormD. to spend more time on it in summer3. By saying " it is all worth it " in the last paragraph,the author means that _____.A. storm chasing costs a lot of moneyB. storm chasing is worth hours of waitingC. efforts in storm chasing are well paidD. a storm presents the greatest show on Earth4. What can we learn from the text?A. Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment．B. Many storm chasers get killed in the storms．C. Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world．D. Storm chasing is only fit for young people六Take a trip to one of London’s theme parks for an exciting day out. From thrilling rides through history to wild animals--- both mythical and real---- London’s theme parks offer great entertainment for families and groups.Unlike most London attractions, some amusement parks aren’t in Central London, but are easily reached by train, coach or car.Chessing World of AdventureWhether it’s exciting rides, wild animals or underwater adventures you love, Chessing is worth visiting. The Theme Park has 10 themed lands with more than 40 rides and attractions including roller coasters and rides suitable for young children. Chessington Zoo houses 1,000 animals including tigers, lions and giraffes.Shrek’s AdventureTake a bus driven by Donkey to the magical Far Far Away. Meet Princess Fiona, Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty and many more. Explore a maze (迷宫) of paths and rooms to find Shrek and live actors and special effects help tell the tale. A dream-come-true for kids and Shrek lovers alikes. Suitable for all ages, but particularly those aged six to twelve years old.London DungeonTake a scary but humorous 90-minute journey through 1,000 years of London’s history at the ever-popular London Dungeon. There are 18 interactive shows with 20 live theater actors and two rides to guide you through the city’s secret past. Walk the Whitechapel Maze with Jack the Ripper, visit a torture chamber (酷刑室), and be careful not to lose your head on The Tyrant boat ride with King Henry VIII!KidZaniaSet your imagination free at KitZania at Westfield London—the new role playing park for children. KidZania is the place where children can role-play around 60 different jobs and professions aims to teach life skills such as financial literacy, teamwork and independence.1. If visitors want to enjoy the excitement of roller coasters，they can go to ________ .A. KidZaniaB. Shrek’s AdventureC. London DungeonD. Chessing World of Adventures2. Who might be most likely interested in London Dungeon?A. Students studying history.B. Underwater adventures.C. Police officers.D. Animal lovers3. What can children do in KidZania?A. Communicate with theater actors.B. Experience a big storm.C. Improve their learning skills.D. Learn more about some jobs.4. Where does this text probably come from?A. A science textbook.B. A news report.C. A travel guidebook.D. A geography magazine.七When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.2. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.3. Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________ .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary4. what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC.The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.八Known as “The Man with the Golden Arm,” nearly every week for the past 60 years, James Harrison has donated blood plasma(血浆) from his right arm. The reasons can date back to a serious medical procedure.“When I was 14, I had a chest operation,” recalls Harrison, who is now aged 78. “My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough, I’ll become a blood donor.”Soon after Harrison became a donor, doctors called him in. His blood, they said, could be the answer to a deadly problem.“In Australia, up until about 1967, there were about thousands of babies dying each year because of the rhesus disease (恒河猴症).” explains Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service.Harrison was discovered to have an unusual antibody (抗体) in his blood and in the 1960s he worked with doctors to use the antibodies to develop an injection (注射剂) called Anti-D which can prevent this disease.Harrison’s blood is precious. Every batch of Anti-D that has ever been made in Australia has come from Harrison’s blood. He and Anti-D are credited with saving the lives of more than 2 million babies, according to the Austral ian Red Cross blood service: That’s 2 million lives saved by one man’s blood.Harrison is considered a national hero, and has won numerous awards. He has now donated his plasma more than 1,000 times, but no matter how many times he’s given blood there’s on e thing that will never change: “I look at the ceiling or the nurses, maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can’t stand the sight of blood, and I can’t stand pain.” he says.1. What was the main reason for Harri son’s becoming a blood donor？A. He has a golden arm.B. He has precious blood plasma.C. His father encouraged him to help others.D. Donated blood once made him survive.2. Why is James’ blood more precious?A. James has the Anti-D in his blood.B. His blood is more useful in treating the rhesus disease.C. James’ blood is the main source of Anti-D in Australia.D. James has donated more plasma than other donators.3. How does Harrison feel when donating his plasma?A. Nervous.B. Relaxed.C. AnxiousD. Excited.九In this day and age, it may seem like getting two people with different views together to discuss them is a recipe for disaster. Just think about what would happen if you sat down and had an open and honest conversation with someone with completely opposing views. Could it bringyou closer together?However, the Human Library Organization is counting on it.At a Human Library, people volunteer to become “books” and make their experiences open and available. “Readers” are encouraged to ask them questions freely, and they’ll get honest answers in return. There’s no judgment, and no questions are off-limits.You won’t find unpleasant comments, and you won’t lose faith in humanity. At the Human Library, you actually feel better about the world you live in. You might even make a new friend!“The human “books” consist of people who have been discriminated by society.” said Ronni Abergel, the Human Library Organization’s founder, who has set out to build a space for conversati ons that can challenge prejudices through dialogue. “The most pleasantly surprising thing about it is how close all the human books become to one another,” she said.Human Libraries help to remind us there really is more that unites us than divides us. And as events now spread throughout 82 countries, with Human Libraries even set to launch soon in Pakistan and Jordan, you can tell that is a shared feeling.“We can spend billions and billions on trying to build up homeland security and our safety, but real safety comes from having positive relations to other groups in your community,” said Abergel. “Real safety is not going to come from building walls. It’s going to come from reaching out and getting to know each other.”1. What does the first paragraph imply?A. Heated discussions are often carried out among people.B. Open dialogue can’t always lead to close relation.C. People with opposing views are not honest enough.D. We tend to have open dialogues with people around us.2. What will readers get at a Human Library?A. A fair judgment.B. Unpleasant comments.C. An available experience.D. Regaining confidence.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined “launch” in Para. 6 in meaning?A. Accelerate.B. Substitute.C. Succeed.D. Start.4. What did Abergel advise people to do to get real safety?A. Strengthen bonds between people.B. Join other groups in the community.C. Pull down walls between communities.D. Spend less money on homeland security.十A guiding principle for master cellist Yo-Yo Ma is that “the intersection (交汇) of cultures is where new things appear.” Certainly his biography is an intersection of cultures. He was born to Chinese parents in Paris, France; both his parents were musicians. When he was seven, his family moved to the United States. Gifted for his age, Ma attended Juilliard, the world famous music institute. He then chose to earn a liberal arts degree at Harvard rather than focusing only on music.Even in his earliest performing years, Yo-Yo Ma had a strong belief that it was important to share music with all kinds of people. Stories are told about how he once performed in the hallway of a large building for people who were unable to get tickets to his concert. He remained interested in making music accessible to diverse audiences and furthered his interest in different cultures when he visited the Bushmen of the Kalahari. He developed a vehicle to further these ideals when he founded the Silk Road Project.As he has said, the Silk Road is a metaphor(隐喻) for a number of things: as the Internet of ancient times, the routes were used for trade, by religious people, adventurers, scientists, storytellers. Everything from algebra to Islam moved along the Silk Road. It’s the local-global thing. In the cultural world, you want to make sure that voices don’t get lost, that rich traditions continue to live, without becoming common.This lesson explores the philosophy behind Yo-Yo Ma’s founding of the Silk Road Ensemble (乐团), his belief that the arts, and particularly music, can make the world better, and that through cooperation, one can both preserve tradition and shape cultural evolution. Students also explore their own attitudes toward the arts, writing reflective essays on how the arts have played a role in their own lives.1.What do we learn about Yo-Yo Ma according to Paragraph 1?A. He studied music in FranceB. He started his career in HarvardC. He showed great musical talentD. He earned a liberal arts degree in Julliard2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “vehicle” in Paragraph 2?A. CarB. MediumC. SkillD. Project3. What does Yo-Yo Ma think of the Silk Road?A. The route is key to musical developmentB. It has significant influence on the worldC. It simply helps with the spread of religionsD. Traditions are passed on through the route4.Why did Yo-Yo Ma found the Silk Road Ensemble?A. To foster cooperation in businessB. To record the voices along the routeC. To explore people’s attitude toward the artsD. To share music and promote cultural development十一If you need to spend time on the road, it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet.Don’t suppose it’s your right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a distracted driver, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital.Follow pedestrian signals. Just as drivers aren't supposed to speed up to beat a light when crossing through an intersection, pedestrians need to take the same care when obeying their own signals. If the hand is flashing and the countdown is into single digits（数字）, stay where you are. Trying to outrun the flashing hand is unsafe, especially as cars try to clear the intersection before the light turns red.Give drivers enough time to stop when crossing. Don't suppose that drivers will jam on their brakes when you hit the crosswalk signals. Some provinces, such as Alberta, issue a ticket if you don't give drivers enough time to brake.Cross quickly. Once you've followed all of the other rules, and it is safe to cross the street, don't then just wander along in front of six lanes（车道）of traffic. There's no need to run or jog, but respect the drivers who respected you enough to stop for you.21. Who is the text intended for?A. Drivers.B. Cyclists.C. Police.D. Pedestrians.22. Which of the following can best replace the word “distracted” in Paragraph 2?A. Considerate.B. Strange.C. Kind-hearted.D. Absent-minded.23. In what case would pedestrians in Alberta be fined?A. Racing against time with drivers.B. Following crosswalk signals.C. Crossing the crosswalk area.D. Walking outside six lanes.24. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rules for Traffic PoliceB. Tips to Keep Safe on Your FeetC. Things Every Driver Should KnowD. Signals for Both Pedestrians and Drivers十二At primary school in New Zealand, I was introduced to a school savings account run by one of the local banks. When our money box was full, we took it to the bank and watched with pride as our coins flowed across the counter. As a reward, we could choose our next money box from a small variety, and start the whole savings routine again. Every week I watched my parents sort out the housekeeping and "make ends meet". Sometimes it was annoying to wait for things we really felt we needed.Later, as a university student, I managed on an extremely small student allowance. Students were ignored by banks then, because we were so poor, and there was no way I could have gotten credit, even if I had tried. We collected our allowance three times each year, deposited it to the best advantage and withdrew it little by little to last until the next payout of student allowance.When our daughter, Sophie, began to walk, we made a purposeful choice to encourage her to use money wisely. We often comment when the TV tells us "You owe it to yourself to borrow our money"—to whom do we really owe it? And what would happen if our income were reduced or dried up? Now, as a 12-year-old child, it's almost embarrassing to see her tight "financial policy", and wait for the unavoidable holiday sales to buy what she wants.I agree that financial education in schools is very important. But the root of the problem lies with us and the way we behave as role models to those who follow.1. What did the author learn from her parents?A. How to become a banker.B. Where to open a savings account.C. Where to choose a money box.D. How to make ends meet.2. How did the author manage the student allowance?A. He applied for a credit card.B. He spent it three times a year.C. He put it in the bank.D. He seldom withdrew it.3. What reflects Sophie’s tight “financial policy”?A. Reducing her savings.B. Buying things on sales.C. Canceling holiday plans.D. Borrowing money from banks.4. What’s the text mainly about?A. Parents’ money problems.B. Students’ school education.。
2018版高考英语二轮课件：第1部分 专题1 模式1 细节理解题 精品
Ⅱ.错误选项的命题方式和陷阱特征 命题方式 陷阱特征
原文中本来有明确的说明作为依据，但是却设计成与之完全相反 颠倒是非
的选项。也就是睁着眼说瞎话。 提取原文中出现的原话或将原话加以改变设置成选项，但原话却 答非所问 不能回答题干所提出的问题，也就是回答不是所问的内容。
断章取义 无中生有 偷梁换柱
选项
正误 命题方式
A.Their belief.
√ 有据推理
B.Their care for children.
× 偷梁换柱
C.Their success.
× 断章取义
D.Their support for each other. × 因果倒置
27.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
2
1
D 篇为说明文，题材为生态环保类，设 4 道题 1
2
1
A 篇为应用文，题材为广告宣传类，设 3 道题 3
全 国 B 篇为记叙文，题材为社会生活类，设 4 道题 1
3
卷Ⅲ C 篇为说明文，题材为生态环保类，设 4 道题
1
2
1
D 篇为说明文，题材为科普知识类，设 4 道题 2
1
1
[试题特点] 1．就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和说明体等
1
全 国 B 篇为记叙文，题材为故事轶闻类，设 4 道题 3
1
卷Ⅰ C 篇为说明文，题材为文化教育类，设 4 道题 1
1
1
1
D 篇为说明文，题材为科普知识类，设 4 道题 2
2
A 篇为应用文，题材为广告宣传类，设 3 道题 3
全 国 B 篇为记叙文，题材为人物传记类，设 4 道题 1
2018年高考英语二轮复习第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解第4讲 主旨大意类 课件
解 题 流 程
• • • •
“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义猜测题 一原则 结合上下文 词义猜测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认 识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。这种题 目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、 词组或句子。
• 二关注 • 关注并列转折部分 • 这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两 部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以如果有一个单词 不认识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信 息。 • 关注解释说明部分 • 分析试题可以发现，其实出题者在出一些词义猜测题的时 候也是动了恻隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂的信息附近存在一 个解释说明部分，解释说明部分的标志有逗号、冒号、破 折号、双引号等。
分 类 例 析
• 1．词(短语)义猜测题
• (2017·福建省高中毕业班质检) • If you need to spend time on the road, it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. • Don't suppose it's our right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a __distracted__ drive, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital. • Q：What does the underlined word “distracted” in Paragraph 2 mean? • • A．Considerate. C．Kind－hearted. B．Strange. D．Absent－minded.