Conversion_Tables 单位转换
Conversion(转换法)
Conversion（转换法）Conversion of Word Classes（转换词类）Translate the following and compare the parts of speech employed in English and Chinese:1. 他请求领导分配他到基层去工作。
(5 verbs)2. 你写信叫他派人想办法去了解全部情况。
(6 verbs)3. 我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算账吧。
(7 verbs)Conversion from English Nouns and Adjectives into Chinese Verbs and Adverbs（英语名词、形容词转换为汉语动词、副词）Examples:1. All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。
（cf. 核武器的全面的禁止和彻底的销毁）2. Ford’s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.”福特一开始就保证说，“总统先生，我支持你，并效忠于你。
”（cf. 你有我的支持和我的效忠）3. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
（cf. 已经发现宇宙探索的应用）4.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and anexcessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.过去二十年，我们坐视我们的原料价格下跌，而工业品价格却暴涨。
容量单位的转换
容量单位的转换容量单位的转换是我们日常生活中经常会遇到的问题。
无论是在购买电子设备、存储文件、下载软件还是使用云存储服务，我们都需要了解并掌握容量单位的转换方法。
本文将介绍容量单位的基本概念和常用转换关系，帮助读者准确、方便地进行容量单位的转换。
一、容量单位的基本概念容量是用来表示物体所能容纳的量的大小，是用来衡量存储介质（如硬盘、U盘、SD卡等）的大小和数据文件的大小的指标。
容量单位有字节（Byte）、千字节（Kilobyte）、兆字节（Megabyte）、吉字节（Gigabyte）、太字节（Terabyte）等，不同的单位表示不同的数据量级。
1. 字节（Byte）：是计算机中最小的存储单位，通常使用B来表示。
一个字节能存储8个二进制位，相当于一个英文字母或者一个ASCII 码。
2. 千字节（Kilobyte）：是字节的一千倍，通常使用KB来表示。
1KB等于1024字节。
3. 兆字节（Megabyte）：是千字节的一百万倍，通常使用MB来表示。
1MB等于1024KB。
4. 吉字节（Gigabyte）：是兆字节的一千倍，通常使用GB来表示。
1GB等于1024MB。
5. 太字节（Terabyte）：是吉字节的一千倍，通常使用TB来表示。
1TB等于1024GB。
二、容量单位的转换关系在进行容量单位的转换时，我们需要根据不同单位之间的转换关系进行计算。
下面是一些常用的容量单位转换关系。
1. 字节和千字节的转换：1KB = 1024B，即1KB等于1024字节；而1B = 1/1024KB，即1字节等于1/1024千字节。
2. 千字节和兆字节的转换：1MB = 1024KB，即1MB等于1024千字节；而1KB = 1/1024MB，即1千字节等于1/1024兆字节。
3. 兆字节和吉字节的转换：1GB = 1024MB，即1GB等于1024兆字节；而1MB = 1/1024GB，即1兆字节等于1/1024吉字节。
SAP 的CALL FUNCTION 函数汇总
SAP 常用FUNCTIONBOM 展开函数CS_BOM_EXPL_MA T_V2:只展开BOM 的函数CALL FUNCTION 'CS_BOM_EXPL_MAT_V2'EXPORTINGcapid = pm_capid “应用程序一般为PP01datuv = pm_datuv “通常为系统的当前日期mtnrv = pm_mtnrv “要展开BOM 的物料mehrs = 'X' “ x 表示多层展开﹐space 表示只展开第一层werks = pm_werks “ 通常为1000IMPORTINGtopmat = selpooldstst = dstst_flgTABLESstb = stb “展开的BOM 存放在该内表matcat = matcat “下面含有组件的物料存放在该内表CS_BOM_EXPL_ KND_V1:展开与特性相关的特定款号的BOM CALL FUNCTION 'CS_BOM_EXPL_ KND_V1' EXPORTINGcapid = pm_capid “应用程序一般为PP01datuv = pm_datuv “通常为系统的当前日期mtnrv = pm_mtnrv “要展开BOM 的物料cuobj = vbap_wa-cuobj “与特性相关的组态mehrs = 'X' “ x 表示多层展开﹐space 表示只展开第一层werks = pm_werks “ 通常为1000IMPORTINGtopmat = selpooldstst = dstst_flgTABLESstb = stb “展开的BOM 存放在该内表matcat = matcat “下面含有组件的物料存放在该内表范例见系统报表程序RCS12001STA TUS_TEXT_EDIT：获取生产定单状态call function 'STATUS_TEXT_EDIT'EXPORTINGflg_user_stat = 'X'objnr = LO_OBJNRonly_active = 'X'spras = sy-languIMPORTINGline = ls_statuEXCEPTIONSobject_not_found = 01.使用：objnr 状态对象号，only_active 启动的，LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS：获取每个月的最后一天CALL FUNCTION 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS' EXPORTINGday_in = dateIMPORTINGlast_day_of_month = date1.CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT：去掉字符串前面0 DEFINE alpha_minus.call function 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' exportinginput = &1importingoutput = &1.END-OF-DEFINITION.CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT：前面加0call function 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT' exportinginput = &1importingoutput = &1.TH_DELETE_USER：踢用户CALL FUNCTION 'CUT_2BYTES_STRINGS' EXPORTINGI_STR = T_STRI_LEN = 4IMPORTINGO_STR = T_TXT04T_STR 输入字符I_LEN 长度T_TXT04输出字符SPELL_AMOUNT：金额转换成英文CALL FUNCTION 'SPELL_AMOUNT'EXPORTINGAMOUNT = T_AMOUNT10CURRENCY = 'RMB'LANGUAGE = '1'IMPORTINGIN_WORDS = S_AMWORD2EXCEPTIONSNOT_FOUND = 1TOO_LARGE = 2OTHERS = 3.CLOI_PUT_SIGN_IN_FRONT：把SAP里的负号放到前面来的函数DA TA : t(10) TYPE c V ALUE '65465-' .CALL FUNCTION 'CLOI_PUT_SIGN_IN_FRONT'CHANGINGvalue = t.write : t .CONVERT_OTF ：将SAP文檔(SAP Script)转换成其它类型。
ConversionTools（转换工具）
ConversionTools（转换⼯具）转换⼯具1、Excel# Process: Excel 转表arcpy.ExcelToTable_conversion("", 输出表, "")# Process: 表转 Excelarcpy.TableToExcel_conversion("", 输出_Excel_⽂件, "NAME", "CODE")2、JSON# Process: JSON 转要素arcpy.JSONToFeatures_conversion("", 输出要素类)# Process: 要素转 JSONarcpy.FeaturesToJSON_conversion("", 输出_JSON, "NOT_FORMATTED", "NO_Z_VALUES", "NO_M_VALUES", "NO_GEOJSON")3、从PDF# Process: PDF 转 TIFFarcpy.PDFToTIFF_conversion("", 输出_TIFF_⽂件, "*****", "1", "", "NO_CLIP", "250", "RGB_TRUE_COLOR", "LZW", "GEOTIFF_TAGS") 4、元数据# Process: Esri 元数据转换程序arcpy.ESRITranslator_conversion("", "", 输出⽂件, ⽇志⽂件)# Process: USGS MP 元数据转换程序GSMPTranslator_conversion("", "", "mp_input_xml", 输出⽂件__2_, ⽇志⽂件__2_)# Process: XML 模式验证arcpy.XMLSchemaValidator_conversion("", "", "")# Process: XSLT 变换arcpy.XSLTransform_conversion("", "", 输出⽂件__3_, "")# Process: 元数据发布程序arcpy.MDPublisher_conversion("", "", "", "", "", "")# Process: 元数据导⼊程序arcpy.MetadataImporter_conversion("", "")# Process: 升级元数据arcpy.UpgradeMetadata_conversion("", "")# Process: 同步元数据arcpy.SynchronizeMetadata_conversion("", "sync_always")# Process: 导⼊元数据arcpy.ImportMetadata_conversion("", "FROM_ISO_19139", "", "ENABLED")# Process: 导出元数据arcpy.ExportMetadata_conversion("", "", 输出⽂件__4_)# Process: 批量导出元数据arcpy.ExportMetadataMultiple_conversion("", "", "")# Process: 批量验证元数据arcpy.ValidateMetadataMultiple_conversion("", "", "", "", "")# Process: 验证元数据arcpy.ValidateMetadata_conversion("", "", "", "", 输出⽂件__6_)5、由GPS转出# Process: GPX 转要素arcpy.GPXtoFeatures_conversion("", 输出要素类)6、由KML转出# Process: KML 转图层arcpy.KMLToLayer_conversion("", "", "", "NO_GROUNDOVERLAY")7、由WFS转出# Process: WFS ⾄要素类arcpy.WFSToFeatureClass_conversion("", "", "", "")8、由栅格转出arcpy.RasterToASCII_conversion("", 输出_ASCII_栅格⽂件)# Process: 栅格转折线arcpy.RasterToPolyline_conversion("", 输出折线要素, "ZERO", "0", "SIMPLIFY", "")# Process: 栅格转浮点型arcpy.RasterToFloat_conversion("", 输出浮点栅格⽂件)# Process: 栅格转点arcpy.RasterToPoint_conversion("", 输出点要素, "")# Process: 栅格转视频arcpy.RasterToVideo_conversion("", 输出视频⽂件, "BMP", "Microsoft Video 1", "FRAME_RATE", "30", "100")# Process: 栅格转⾯arcpy.RasterToPolygon_conversion("", 输出⾯要素, "SIMPLIFY", "", "SINGLE_OUTER_PART", "")9、⾄GeoPackage# Process: 向 GeoPackage 添加栅格arcpy.AddRasterToGeoPackage_conversion("", "", "", "TILED", "", 感兴趣区)10、转为CAD# Process: 导出为 CADarcpy.ExportCAD_conversion("", "DWG_R2018", 输出⽂件, "Ignore_Filenames_in_Tables", "Overwrite_Existing_Files", "")# Process: 添加 CAD 字段arcpy.AddCADFields_conversion("", "ADD_ENTITY_PROPERTIES", "ADD_LAYER_PROPERTIES", "ADD_TEXT_PROPERTIES", "ADD_DOCUMENT_PROPERTIES", "ADD_XDATA_PROPERTIES")11、转为Collada# Process: 多⾯体转 Colladaarcpy.MultipatchToCollada_conversion("", 输出_Collada_⽂件夹, "PREPEND_NONE", "")12、转为Coverage# Process: 从 E00 导⼊arcpy.ImportFromE00_conversion("", "", "")# Process: 要素类转 Coveragearcpy.FeatureclassToCoverage_conversion("", 输出_Coverage, "", "DOUBLE")13、转为dBASE# Process: 表转 dBASE (批量)arcpy.TableToDBASE_conversion("", "")14、转为KML# Process: 图层转 KMLyerToKML_conversion("", 输出⽂件, "0", "NO_COMPOSITE", "DEFAULT", "1024", "96", "CLAMPED_TO_GROUND")# Process: 地图转 KMLarcpy.MapToKML_conversion("", "", 输出⽂件__2_, "0", "NO_COMPOSITE", "VECTOR_TO_IMAGE", "DEFAULT", "1024", "96", "CLAMPED_TO_GROUND")15、转为Shapefile# Process: 要素类转 Shapefile (批量)arcpy.FeatureClassToShapefile_conversion("", "")16、转为栅格# Process: ASCII 转栅格arcpy.ASCIIToRaster_conversion("", 输出栅格, "INTEGER")# Process: DEM 转栅格arcpy.DEMToRaster_conversion("", 输出栅格__2_, "FLOAT", "1")# Process: LAS 数据集转栅格sDatasetToRaster_conversion("", 输出栅格__3_, "ELEVATION", "BINNING AVERAGE LINEAR", "FLOAT", "CELLSIZE", "10", "1")# Process: 多⾯体转栅格arcpy.MultipatchToRaster_conversion("", 输出栅格__4_, "")# Process: 折线转栅格arcpy.PolylineToRaster_conversion("", "", 输出栅格数据集, "MAXIMUM_LENGTH", "NONE", "")# Process: 栅格转其他格式(批量)arcpy.RasterToOtherFormat_conversion("", "", "TIFF")# Process: 浮点型转栅格arcpy.FloatToRaster_conversion("", 输出栅格__5_)arcpy.PointToRaster_conversion("", "", 输出栅格数据集__2_, "MOST_FREQUENT", "NONE", "")# Process: 要素转栅格arcpy.FeatureToRaster_conversion("", "", 输出栅格__6_, "")# Process: ⾯转栅格arcpy.PolygonToRaster_conversion("", "", 输出栅格数据集__3_, "CELL_CENTER", "NONE", "")17、转出⾄地理数据库# Process: CAD ⾄地理数据库arcpy.CADToGeodatabase_conversion("", "", "", "1000", "")# Process: 导⼊ CAD 注记arcpy.ImportCADAnnotation_conversion("", 输出要素类, "1000", "CLASSES_FROM_LEVELS", "NO_MATCH", "NO_SYMBOL_REQUIRED", "STANDARD", "", "AUTO_CREATE", "AUTO_UPDATE")# Process: 导⼊ Coverage 注记arcpy.ImportCoverageAnnotation_conversion("", 输出要素类__2_, "1000", "CLASSES_FROM_LEVELS", "NO_MATCH", "NO_SYMBOL_REQUIRED", "STANDARD", "", "AUTO_CREATE", "AUTO_UPDATE") # Process: 将运⾏时地理数据库复制到⽂件地理数据库arcpy.CopyRuntimeGdbToFileGdb_conversion("", 输出⽂件地理数据库)# Process: 栅格数据⾄地理数据库(批量)arcpy.RasterToGeodatabase_conversion("", "", "")# Process: 表⾄地理数据库(批量)arcpy.TableToGeodatabase_conversion("", "")# Process: 表⾄表arcpy.TableToTable_conversion("", "", "", "", "", "")# Process: 要素类⾄地理数据库(批量)arcpy.FeatureClassToGeodatabase_conversion("", "")# Process: 要素类⾄要素类arcpy.FeatureClassToFeatureClass_conversion("", "", "", "", "", "")。
SAP常用系统函数归纳
SAP常用系统函数归纳函数名描述CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT 料号前面补0CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT 料号前面减0CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT 料号前面补0CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT 料号前面减0LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS 查询某日期的在当月的最后一天CO_SF_CAUFVD_GET 根据工单号查询订单抬头和项目SO_NEW_DOCUMENT_ATT_SEND_API1 外发邮件VIEW_MAINTENANCE_CALL 调用数据表的维护视图SO_OBJECT_SEND 外发邮件函数名CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT功能:料号前面补0,实例:CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT' "料号前面加0”EXPORTINGinput = matnr_inIMPORTINGoutput = matnr_out.说明:1)数字料号入Table需要补0,不会自动产生,有字母料号却会自动补0.2)只能用’字符型’CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT功能:料号前面补0实例:CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT' "料号前面补0”EXPORTINGinput = matnr_inIMPORTINGoutput = matnr_outEXCEPTIONSlength_error = 1OTHERS = 2.说明: 1)数字料号入Table需要补0,不会自动产生,有字母料号却会自动补0.2)只能用于料号转换CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT功能:料号前面去0实例:CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' "料号前面去0. EXPORTINGinput = wa_ysy1-matnrIMPORTINGoutput = wa_ysy1-matnr.说明:CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT功能:料号前面去0实例:CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT'EXPORTINGinput = t_afpo-matnrIMPORTINGoutput = t_afpo-matnrEXCEPTIONSOTHERS = 1.说明:LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS功能:查询某日期的在当月的最后一天CALL FUNCTION 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS'EXPORTINGday_in = f_date "月任意一天类型必须为D（要完成日期##IMPORTINGlast_day_of_month = p_date "月最后一天类型必须为D（完整日期）EXCEPTIONSday_in_no_date = 1OTHERS = 2.说明:CO_SF_CAUFVD_GET功能: 根据工单号查询订单抬头和项目实例:DATA: wa_caufvd TYPE caufvd.CALL FUNCTION 'CO_SF_CAUFVD_GET'"取得订单抬头和项目EXPORTINGaufnr_imp = aufnrIMPORTINGcaufvd_exp = wa_caufvd “订单抬头和项目结构EXCEPTIONSnot_found = 1OTHERS = 2.说明:SO_NEW_DOCUMENT_ATT_SEND_API1功能:邮件发送 SAPoffice: Send new document with attachments using RFC 实例:FORM email_itab. “邮件内容“WRITE: '编号' TO email_itab-line+0(3), "255个长度的文本字段:文本"'记帐日期' TO email_itab-line+3(10),ENDFORM. "email_itabFORM reset_objpack .it_packing_list-transf_bin = space. "标记将以二进制形式传输对象的标志" it_packing_list-head_start = 0."表头开始行"it_packing_list-head_num = 1. "表头行数"it_packing_list-body_start = 1."内容开始行"it_packing_list-body_num = it_message_lines. "内容行数"it_packing_list-doc_type = 'RAW'. "信息类型"APPEND it_packing_list.ENDFORM. "reset_objpackFORM reset_doc_chng .DESCRIBE TABLE email_itab LINES it_message_lines.gd_doc_data-doc_size = it_message_lines * 255 + STRLEN( email_itab ). "SAPoffice 文档的大小 "gd_doc_data-obj_langu = sy-langu. "创建文档使用的语言"gd_doc_data-obj_name = 'SAPRPT'. "文档,文件夹或分配清单的名称"gd_doc_data-obj_descr = '邮件标题'. "Email标题"gd_doc_data-sensitivty = 'F'. "对象：灵敏度（个人的，功能的，...) F:功能" ENDFORM. "reset_doc_chngFORM reset_reclist .SELECT zmaaddrINTO it_receivers-receiverFROM ziebtemail.it_receivers-rec_type = 'U'. "互联网地址APPEND it_receivers.CLEAR it_receivers.ENDSELECT.ENDFORM. "reset_reclistDATA: gd_doc_data LIKE sodocchgi1,gd_sent_all(1) TYPE c,it_message_lines TYPE sy-tabix,it_packing_list LIKE sopcklsti1 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE,it_receivers LIKE somlreci1 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.DATA: BEGIN OF email_itab OCCURS 10.INCLUDE STRUCTURE soli.DATA: END OF email_itab.PERFORM email_itab. "TABLES OUTPUT_TAB.PERFORM reset_doc_chng.PERFORM reset_reclist.PERFORM reset_objpack.CALL FUNCTION 'SO_NEW_DOCUMENT_ATT_SEND_API1'EXPORTINGdocument_data = gd_doc_data “新文档的属性”PUT_IN_OUTBOX = 'X' “标志:发送后将文档移到outbox* COMMIT_WORK = ' '* IMPORTINGSENT_TO_ALL = gd_sent_all “Flag: Document sent to all”* NEW_OBJECT_ID = ID of created object (not document!)tablespacking_list = it_packing_list “SAPoffice：输入对象组件描述”* OBJECT_HEADER =* CONTENTS_BIN =* CONTENTS_TXT =* CONTENTS_HEX =* OBJECT_PARA =* OBJECT_PARB =receivers = email_itab”SAPoffice：API 收件人清单的结构”* EXCEPTIONS* TOO_MANY_RECEIVERS = 1* DOCUMENT_NOT_SENT = 2* DOCUMENT_TYPE_NOT_EXIST = 3* OPERATION_NO_AUTHORIZATION = 4* PARAMETER_ERROR = 5* X_ERROR = 6* ENQUEUE_ERROR = 7* OTHERS = 8.IF sy-subrc <>0.* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.ENDIF.说明:VIEW_MAINTENANCE_CALL功能:调用数据表的维护视图实例:CALL FUNCTION 'VIEW_MAINTENANCE_CALL'EXPORTINGaction = 'U' “活动（显示/维护/传输）”* CORR_NUMBER = ' '* GENERATE_MAINT_TOOL_IF_MISSING = ' '* SHOW_SELECTION_POPUP = ' 'view_name = 'ZIEBTEMAIL' “要处理的视图/表格的名称”* NO_WARNING_FOR_CLIENTINDEP = ' '* RFC_DESTINATION_FOR_UPGRADE = ' '* CLIENT_FOR_UPGRADE = ' '* VARIANT_FOR_SELECTION = ' '* COMPLEX_SELCONDS_USED = ' '* CHECK_DDIC_MAINFLAG = ' '* SUPPRESS_WA_POPUP = ' '* TABLES* DBA_SELLIST =* EXCL_CUA_FUNCT =* EXCEPTIONS* CLIENT_REFERENCE = 1* FOREIGN_LOCK = 2* INVALID_ACTION = 3* NO_CLIENTINDEPENDENT_AUTH = 4* NO_DATABASE_FUNCTION = 5* NO_EDITOR_FUNCTION = 6* NO_SHOW_AUTH = 7* NO_TVDIR_ENTRY = 8* NO_UPD_AUTH = 9* ONLY_SHOW_ALLOWED = 10* SYSTEM_FAILURE = 11* UNKNOWN_FIELD_IN_DBA_SELLIST = 12* VIEW_NOT_FOUND = 13* MAINTENANCE_PROHIBITED = 14* OTHERS = 15.IF sy-subrc <>0.* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.ENDIF.说明:SO_OBJECT_SEND功能：外发邮件实例：REPORT ztmail02 .DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0,pernr LIKE pa0001-pernr,ename LIKE pa0001-ename,END OF itab.DATA: message_content LIKE soli OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER LINE,receiver_list LIKE soos1 OCCURS 5 WITH HEADER LINE,packing_list LIKE soxpl OCCURS 2 WITH HEADER LINE,listobject LIKE abaplist OCCURS 10,compressed_attachment LIKE soli occurs 100 WITH HEADER LINE,w_object_hd_change LIKE sood1 occurs 100 WITH HEADER LINE,compressed_size LIKE sy-index.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECT pernr enameINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE itabFROM pa0001WHERE pernr <50.LOOP AT itab.WRITE: /02 sy-vline, itab-pernr, 15 sy-vline, itab-ename, 50sy-vline.ENDLOOP.*receiversreceiver_list-recextnam = 'eric.guh@'. “直接外部地址作为接收方”receiver_list-recesc = ‘U’. “收件人类型的说明; U 互联网地址”receiver_list-sndart = ‘MAIL'. “输出设备; MAIL 邮件”receiver_list-sndpri = '1'. “发送：优先级; 1 最高优先权”APPEND receiver_list.*general dataw_object_hd_change-objla = sy-langu. “创建文档使用的语言”w_object_hd_change-objnam = 'Object name'. “文档,文件夹或分配清单的名称”w_object_hd_change-objsns = 'F'. “对象：灵敏度（个人的，功能的，...）” F: 功能w_object_hd_change -OBJDES = ‘Message subject’. “Mail的标题”APPEND w_object_hd_change.*contentmessage_content-line = 'Message content'. “发送的内容”APPEND message_content.CALL FUNCTION 'SO_OBJECT_SEND'EXPORTINGobject_hd_change = w_object_hd_change “通常头数据”object_type = 'RAW' “对象类型”OUTBOX_FLAG = 'X' “标志:发送后将文档移到outboxowner = sy-uname “负责传送的用户”TABLESobjcont = message_content “发送的内容”receivers = receiver_list “接收对象属性”att_cont = compressed_attachment.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------函数名描述SD_VBAP_READ_WITH_VBELN 根据销售订单读取表 vbap 中的信息EDIT_LINES 把 READ_TEXT 返回的 LINES 中的行按照 TDFORMAT=“*”重新组织VIEW_MAINTENANCE_CALL 维护表视图函数名描述DY_GET_FOCUS 获得屏幕焦点DY_GET_SET_FIELD_VALUE 获得或者设置屏幕字段的值函数名描述F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST 显示检索 helpREAD_TEXT 读取长文本CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT 单位转换SJIS_DBC_TO_SBC 全角转半角SJIS_SBC_TO_DBC 半角转换为全角CO_R0_CHECK_DECIMAL_POINT 根据单位检查数据的小数位POSTAL_CODE_CHECK 检查邮政编码函数名描述CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT 全数字则在前面补 0CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT 和上面相反GET_JOB_RUNTIME_INFO 获得 job 相关信息TERMINAL_ID_GET 获得端末 idDATE_CONVERT_TO_FACTORYDATE 把输入日期转为工厂日历日期MESSAGE_TEXT_BUILD 把消息转为文本函数名描述POPUP_TO_CONFIRM 弹出确认窗口函数名描述CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT 物料号码转换函数CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT 同上相反CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY 按照指定日期汇率转换金额为指定货币类型 SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME 根据 form 名取得对应的函数名(SmartForm)函数名描述DATE_CHECK_PLAUSIBILITY 日期 CHECKcl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_upload 上传到服务器cl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_download 下载到服本地SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME SMARTFORMS 输出报表时，生成一个函数名称，然后 CALL 这个名称函数名描述POPUP_TO_DECIDE_LIST 弹出供选择窗口1.function ： SD_VBAP_READ_WITH_VBELN功能：根据销售订单读取表 vbap 中的信息参数：import ： I_VBELN 订单号（必输项）I_BYPASSING_BUFFER 是否回避 bufferI_REFRESH_BUFFER 是否清空 buffertables ： ET_VBAPVB 不清楚其意义ET_VBAP vbap 表2.form ： EDIT_LINES功能：把 READ_TEXT 返回的 LINES 中的行按照 TDFORMAT=“*”重新组织原因：如果用 CREATE_TEXT 登录的长文本不存在该问题，如果是在前台业务登录的 text ，那么存到数据库的时候会在 72 位的地方换行，在 lines 这个表中的 TDFORMAT 设置为空，导致READ_TEXT 返回的表中的行数也许不是你需要的行数。
ASTM E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
---
91.8
80.4
68.9
96
95
210
210
226
58.3
---
91.5
79.8
67.9
95
94
205
205
221
57.6
---
91.2
79.1
66.9
94
93
200
200
216
57.0
---
90.8
78.4
65.9
93
92
195
195
211
56.4
---
90.5
77.8
64.8
92
91
Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell BHardnessRange)A, B
Rockwell B
Hardness
Number,
100-kgf
(HRumber
64.3
46.1
73.9
48.6
28.9
40.4
28
27
279
264
264
290
63.8
45.2
73.3
47.7
27.8
39.5
27
26
272
258
258
284
63.3
44.6
72.8
46.8
26.7
38.7
26
25
266
253
253
278
62.8
43.8
72.2
MySQL中的数据类型转换和格式化方法
MySQL中的数据类型转换和格式化方法数据类型在数据库中起着关键的作用，它决定了存储和处理数据的方式。
在MySQL中，数据类型转换和格式化方法是开发者和数据库管理员必备的技能之一。
本文将探讨MySQL中数据类型的转换和格式化方法，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些技术。
1. 数据类型转换数据类型转换是将一个数据类型转换为另一个数据类型的过程。
在实际的数据库开发中，经常需要进行数据类型的转换，以满足不同的处理需求。
MySQL提供了多种数据类型转换函数，下面将介绍其中一些常用的函数。
1.1. CAST函数CAST函数用于将一个数据类型的值转换为另一个数据类型的值。
它的语法如下：```CAST(expression AS type)```expression为待转换的表达式，type为目标数据类型。
例如，将一个字符串转换为整数的示例代码如下：```sqlSELECT CAST('123' AS SIGNED);```在上述示例中，字符串'123'被转换为一个有符号整数。
1.2. CONVERT函数CONVERT函数与CAST函数类似，也可以用于数据类型的转换。
它的语法如下：```CONVERT(expression, type)```expression为待转换的表达式，type为目标数据类型。
例如，将一个浮点数转换为字符串的示例代码如下：```sqlSELECT CONVERT(3.14, CHAR);```在上述示例中，浮点数3.14被转换为一个字符串。
2. 数据格式化数据格式化是指将原始数据按照一定的格式进行显示或存储的过程。
在实际的数据库应用中，经常需要对数据进行格式化，以使其更易于理解和处理。
MySQL 中提供了多种数据格式化方法，下面将介绍一些常用的方法。
2.1. DATE_FORMAT函数DATE_FORMAT函数用于将日期和时间数据以特定的格式进行显示。
它的语法如下：```DATE_FORMAT(date, format)```date为待格式化的日期或时间，format为指定的格式。
单位转换UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
38.1CHAPTER 38UNITS AND CONVERSIONSTable 1Conversions to I-P and SI Units(Multiply I-P values by conversion factors to obtain SI; divide SI values by conversion factors to obtain I-P)Multiply I-P ByTo Obtain SI Multiply I-PByTo Obtain SI acre (43560 ft 2)..................................................0.4047ha in·lb f (torque or moment).................................113mN·m ..................................................4046.873m 2in 2......................................................................645.16mm 2atmosphere (standard)........................................*101.325kPa in 3 (volume)......................................................16.3874mL bar.......................................................................*100kPa in 3/min (SCIM).................................................0.273117mL/s barrel (42 U.S. gal, petroleum)...........................159.0L in 3 (section modulus)........................................16387mm 3..........................0.1580987m 3in 4 (section moment)........................................416231mm 4Btu (International Table)....................................1055.056J kWh..................................................................*3.60MJ Btu (thermochemical) ........................................1054.350J kW/1000 cfm.................................................... 2.118880kJ/m 3Btu/ft 2 (International Table)...............................11,356.53J/m 2kilopond (kg force)...........................................9.81N Btu/ft 3 (International Table)...............................37,258.951J/m 3kip (1000 lb f ).................................................... 4.45kN Btu/gal................................................................278,717.1765J/m 3kip/in 2 (ksi)....................................................... 6.895MPa Btu·ft/h·ft 2·°F.................................................... 1.730735W/(m·K)litre....................................................................*0.001m 3Btu·in/h·ft 2·°F (thermal conductivity k )............0.1442279W/(m·K)met....................................................................58.15W/m 2Btu/h...................................................................0.2930711W micron (μm) of mercury (60°F)........................133mPa Btu/h·ft 2............................................................. 3.154591W/m 2mile................................................................... 1.609km Btu/h·ft 2·°F (overall heat transfer coefficient U ) 5.678263W/(m 2·K)mile, nautical....................................................*1.852km Btu/lb..................................................................*2.326kJ/kg mile per hour (mph).......................................... 1.609344km/h Btu/lb·°F (specific heat c p )................................*4.1868kJ/(kg·K).........................................0.447m/s bushel (dry, U.S.)................................................0.0352394m 3millibar .............................................................*0.100kPa calorie (thermochemical)....................................*4.184Jmm of mercury (60°F)......................................0.133kPa centipoise (dynamic viscosity μ)........................*1.00mPa·s mm of water (60°F)..........................................9.80Pa centistokes (kinematic viscosity ν)....................*1.00mm 2/s ounce (mass, avoirdupois)................................28.35g clo.......................................................................0.155(m 2·K)/W ounce (force or thrust)......................................0.278N dyne.................................................................... 1.0 × 10–5N ounce (liquid, U.S.)..........................................29.6mL dyne/cm 2.............................................................*0.100Pa ounce inch (torque, moment)............................7.06mN·m EDR hot water (150 Btu/h)................................43.9606W ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon.........................7.489152kg/m 3EDR steam (240 Btu/h)......................................70.33706W perm (permeance at 32°F)................................ 5.72135 × 10–11kg/(Pa·s·m 2)EER....................................................................0.293COP perm inch (permeability at 32°F)..................... 1.45362 × 10–12kg/(Pa·s·m)ft .........................................................................*0.3048m pint (liquid, U.S.).............................................. 4.73176 × 10–4m 3..........................................................................*304.8mm poundft/min, fpm..........................................................*0.00508m/s lb (avoirdupois, mass).......................................0.453592kg ft/s, fps................................................................*0.3048m/s ......................................453.592g ft of water...........................................................2989Pa lb f (force or thrust)............................................ 4.448222N ft of water per 100 ft pipe...................................98.1Pa/m lb f /ft (uniform load)..........................................14.59390N/m ft 2........................................................................0.092903m 2lb/ft·h (dynamic viscosity μ)............................0.4134mPa·s ft 2·h·°F/Btu (thermal resistance R )....................0.176110(m 2·K)/W lb/ft·s (dynamic viscosity μ)............................1490mPa·s ft 2/s (kinematic viscosity ν)................................92,900mm 2/s lb f ·s/ft 2 (dynamic viscosity μ).........................47.88026Pa·s ft 3........................................................................28.316846L lb/h....................................................................0.000126kg/s ........................................................................0.02832m 3lb/min................................................................0.007559kg/s ft 3/min, cfm........................................................0.471947L/s lb/h [steam at 212°F (100°C)]..........................0.2843kW ft 3/s, cfs...............................................................28.316845L/s lb f /ft 2.................................................................47.9Pa ft·lb f (torque or moment)................................... 1.355818N·m lb/ft 2.................................................................. 4.88kg/m 2ft·lb f (work)........................................................ 1.356J lb/ft 3 (density, ρ)...............................................16.0kg/m 3ft·lb f /lb (specific energy)................................... 2.99J/kg lb/gallon............................................................120kg/m 3ft·lb f /min (power)..............................................0.0226W ppm (by mass)..................................................*1.00mg/kg footcandle...........................................................10.76391lx psi ..................................................................... 6.895kPa gallon (U.S., *231 in 3)........................................ 3.785412L quad (1015 Btu)................................................. 1.055EJ gph...................................................................... 1.05mL/s quart (liquid, U.S.)............................................0.9463L gpm.....................................................................0.0631L/ssquare (100 ft 2).................................................9.29m 2gpm/ft 2................................................................0.6791L/(s·m 2)tablespoon (approximately)..............................15mL gpm/ton refrigeration..........................................0.0179mL/J teaspoon (approximately).................................5mL grain (1/7000 lb).................................................0.0648g therm (U.S.)......................................................105.5MJ gr/gal...................................................................17.1g/m 3ton, long (2240 lb)............................................ 1.016Mggr/lb....................................................................0.143g/kg ton, short (2000 lb)...........................................0.907Mg; t (tonne)horsepower (boiler) (33470 Btu/h)....................9.81kW ton, refrigeration (12000 Btu/h)...................... 3.517kW horsepower (550 ft·lb f /s)...................................0.7457kW torr (1 mm Hg at 0°C)......................................133Pa inch.....................................................................*25.4mm watt per square foot..........................................10.76W/m 2in. of mercury (60°F).......................................... 3.37kPa yd......................................................................*0.9144m in. of water (60°F)..............................................249Pa yd 2.....................................................................0.8361m 2in/100 ft, thermal expansion...............................0.833mm/m yd 3.....................................................................0.7646m 3To Obtain I-PByDivide SITo Obtain I-PByDivide SIThe preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 1.6, Terminology.*Conversion factor is exact.Notes : 1. Units are U.S. values unless noted otherwise.2. Litre is a special name for the cubic decimetre. 1 L = 1 dm 3 and 1 mL = 1 cm3.Related Commercial ResourcesCopyright © 2009, ASHRAE38.22009 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI)When making conversions, remember that a converted value is no more precise than the original value. For many applications, rounding off the converted value to the same number of significant figures as those in the original value provides sufficient accuracy.See ANSI Standard SI-10-1997 (available from ASTM or IEEE) for additional conversions.Table 2Conversion FactorsPressurepsi in. of water(60°F)in. Hg(32°F)atmospheremm Hg(32°F)bar kgf/cm2pascal1=27.708=2.0360=0.068046=51.715=0.068948=0.07030696=6894.80.03609110.073483 2.4559 × 10-3 1.8665 2.4884 × 10–3 2.537 × 10–3248.840.49115413.60910.03342125.4000.0338640.0345323386.414.6960407.1929.9211760.0 1.01325* 1.03323 1.01325 × 105*0.01933680.535780.03937 1.31579 × 10–31 1.3332 × 10–3 1.3595 × 10–3133.3214.5038401.8629.5300.98692750.0621 1.01972*105*14.223394.128.9590.96784735.5590.980665*19.80665 × 104*1.45038 × 10–4 4.0186 × 10–32.953 × 10–49.8692 × 10–67.50 × 10–310–5* 1.01972 × 10–5*1Mass lb (avoir.)grain ounce (avoir.)kg1=7000*=16*=0.453591.4286 × 10–412.2857 × 10–3 6.4800 × 10–50.06250437.5*10.0283502.20462 1.5432 × 10435.2741V olume cubic inch cubic foot gallon litre cubic metre (m3)1= 5.787 × 10–4= 4.329 × 10–3=0.0163871= 1.63871 × 10–51728*17.4805228.3170.028317231.0*0.133681 3.78540.003785461.023740.0353150.26417310.001*6.102374 × 10435.315264.1731000*1Energy Btu ft·lb f calorie (cal)joule (J) =watt-second (W·s)watt-hour (W·h)Note: MBtu, which is 1000 Btu, is confusing and is not used in the Handbook.1=778.17=251.9958=1055.056=0.2930711.2851 × 10–310.32383 1.355818 3.76616 × 10–4 3.9683 × 10–3 3.088031 4.1868* 1.163 × 10–3* 9.4782 × 10–40.737560.2388512.7778 × 10–43.412142655.22859.853600*1Density lb/ft3lb/gal g/cm3kg/m31=0.133680=0.016018=16.0184637.4805510.119827119.82762.42808.3453811000*0.06242800.0083450.001*1Specific Volume ft3/lb gal/lb cm3/g m3/kg1=7.48055=62.4280=0.06242800.13368018.345380.0083450.0160180.11982710.001*16.018463119.8271000*1Viscosity (absolute) 1 poise = 1 dyne-sec/cm2 = 0.1 Pa·s = 1 g/(cm·s)poise lb f·s/ft2lb f·h/ft2kg/(m·s) = N·s/m2lb m/ft·s1= 2.0885 × 10–3= 5.8014 × 10–7=0.1*=0.0671955478.80261 2.7778 × 10–447.8802632.174051.72369 × 1063600*1 1.72369 × 105 1.15827 × 10510*0.020885 5.8014 × 10–610.067195514.88190.0310818.6336 × 10–6 1.48821Temperature Temperature Temperature Interval Scale K°C°R°F K°C°R°F Kelvin x K =x x – 273.15 1.8x 1.8x – 459.67 1 K =119/5 = 1.89/5 = 1.8 Celsius x°C =x + 273.15x 1.8x + 491.67 1.8x + 321°C =119/5 = 1.89/5 = 1.8 Rankine x°R =x/1.8(x – 491.67)/1.8x x – 459.671°R =5/95/911 Fahrenheit x°F =(x + 459.67)/1.8(x – 32)/1.8x + 459.67x1°F =5/95/911Notes: Conversions with * are exact.The Btu and calorie are based on the International Table.All temperature conversions and factors are exact.The term centigrade is obsolete and should not be used.Related Commercial Resources。
Hexconversiontable（美制单位换算表）
Hex conversion table（美制单位换算表）Kilometres km. meters, M. cm, cm. miles, mi. nautical miles, kt. yards, YD. feet, ft. inches, in. pounds / square inches, psi.PSI: pounds, per, square, inch pound / square inch pressure unit. As in tensile testing of rubber, it is the unit of TB (tensil, strength, at, break)Conversion relation: 1psi=6.895KPa=0.006895MPa, 1bar =14.5psi 1psi = 6.89kPa = 0.0698kgf/cm2Unit of length: 1 inches = 2.5400 centimeters1 feet = 12 inches = 0.3048 meters1 yards = 3 feet = 0.9144 meters1 miles = 1760 yards = 1.6093 kilometersArea: 1 square inches = 6.4516 square centimeters1 square yards = 9 square feet = 0.8361 square meters1 acres = 4840 square yards = 4046.86 square meters1 square miles = 640 acres = 259 hectaresVolume unit: 1 cubic inches = 16.387 cubic centimeters1 cubic yards = 27 cubic feet = 0.7646 cubic meters of Americandry1 pints = 0.9689 British products = 0.5506 litres1 bushels = 64 pints = 35.238 liters of American liquid 1 pints = 0.8327 British products = 0.4732 litres1 gallon = = 3.7853 liters 8 pints of Imperial units1 pints = 1.0321 US products = 0.5683 litres1 gallon = 8 pints = 4.5461 liters1 bushels = 8 gallons = 36.369 litersUnit of weight: 1 ounces = 437.5 grains = 28.350 grams 1 pounds = 16 ounces = 0.4536 kg1 pounds = 100 pounds = 45.359 kg1 pounds = 50.802 kg = 112 CWT.1 ton = 2000 pounds = 0.9072 metric tons1 ton = 2240 pounds = 1.0161 metric tonsAmerican unit conversion:A unit of length: 1 millimeters = 0.0394 inches1 cm = 10 mm = 0.3937 inches1 meters = 1000 millimeters = 1.0936 yards1 km = 1000 meters = 0.6214 milesUnit of area: 1 cm2 = 100 mm2 = 0.1550 square inches1 square meters = 10000 square centimeters = 1.1960 square yards1 Public = 10000 square meters = 2.4711 acres1 sq km = 100 hectares = 0.3861 square milesVolume unit: 1 cubic centimeter = 1000 cubic centimeter = 0.0610 cubic inches1 cubic meter = 1000 cubic decimeter = 0.353 cubic feet1 cubic meters = 1 cubic decimeter = 1.3079 cubic yards1 liters = 0.2642 gallons1 liters = 0.2200 gallons1 a = 2.8378 bushels of beauty1 a = 100 liters = 2.7497 British bushelA unit of weight: 1 milligrams = 0.0154 grains1 grams = 1000 mg = 0.0353 ounces1 kg = 1000 grams = 2.2046 pounds1 = 1000 kg = 1.1023 tonnes short ton (ton) 1 metric ton = 0.9842 ton (ton)Unified unit:Length: 1 km (km) =0.621 miles (mile)1 meters (m) =3.281 ft (FT) =1.094 code (YD) 1 cm (CM) =0.394 inch (in)1 angstrom =10-10 m (m)1 miles (mile) =1.609 km (km)1 fathoms (FM) =1.829 (m)1 feet (FT) =0.3048 meters (m)1 inches (in) =2.54 cm (CM)1 nautical miles (n mile) =1.852 km (km)1 chains =66 feet (FT) =20.1168 meters1 yards (YD) =0.9144 meters (m)1 mil (MIL) =0.0254 mm (mm)1 feet (FT) =12 inches (in)1 yards (YD) =3 feet (FT)1 rod (RAD) =16.5 feet (FT)1 miles (mile) =5280 feet (FT)1 nautical miles (n mile) =1.1516 miles (mile)Area: 1 sq km (km2), =100 ha (HA), =247.1 acres (acre), =0.386 square miles (mile2)1 square meters (M2) =10.764 square feet (ft2)Are 1 square meters (are) =100 (M2)1 hectares (HA), =10000 square meters (M2), =2.471 acres (acre)1 square miles (mile2) =2.590 square kilometers (km2)1 acres (acre), =0.4047 ha (HA), =4.047 * 10-3 km2 (km2), =4047 square meters (M2)1 square feet (ft2) =0.093 square meters (M2)1 square inches (in2) =6.452 square centimeters (cm2)1 square yards (yd2) =0.8361 square meters (M2)Volume: 1 cubic meters (M3) =1000 liters (liter) =35.315 cubic feet (FT3) =6.29 barrels (BBL)1 cubic inches (in3) =16.3871 cubic centimeter (cm3)1 cubic feet (FT3) =0.0283 cubic meters (M3) =28.317 liters (liter)1 thousand cubic feet (MCF) =28.317 cubic meters (M3)1 million cubic feet (MMcf) = 28 thousand and 317 cubic meters (M3)1 billion cubic feet (BCF) =2831.7 million cubic meters (M3)1 trillion cubic feet (TCF) =283.17 million cubic meters (M3)1 acres. Feet = 1234 cubic meters (M3)1 barrels (BBL) =0.159 cubic meters (M3) =42 American gallons (Gal)1 gallon (Gal) =3.785 liters (1)1 quarts (QT) =0.946 liters (1)1 pints (PT) =0.473 liters (1)1 GI, =0.118 L (1)1 Gal (Gal) =4.546 L (1)Quality: 1 tons (T) =1000 kg (kg) =2205 (LB) =1.102 pounds short ton long ton =0.984 (sh.ton) (long ton)1 kilograms (kg) =2.205 pounds (LB)1 short tons (sh.ton) =0.907 (T) =2000 pounds (LB)1 long (long ton) =1.016 (t tons)1 pounds (LB kg) =0.454 (kg) [avdp]1 ounces (oz) =28.350 grams (g)Density: 1 kg / m, 3 (kg/m3) =0.001 g / cm, 3 (g/cm3) =0.0624 lb / ft 3 (lb/ft3)1 lb / ft 3 (lb/ft3) =16.02 kg / M3 (kg/m3)1 lb / inch 3 (lb/in3) =27679.9 kg / M 3 (kg/m3)1 lb / gal (lb/gal) =119.826 kg / M 3 (kg/m3)1 lb / gal (lb/gal) =99.776 kg / M 3 (kg/m3)1 lb / (oil) barrel (lb/bbl) =2.853 kg / M 3 (kg/m3)1 Baume density (B) = 140/15.5 C when the proportion of 130API = 131.5 proportion 141.5/15.5 CKinematic viscosity: 1 feet 2/ seconds (ft2/s) =9.29030 * 10-2 meters 2/ seconds (m2/s)1 Si (St) =10-4 m 2/ s (m2/s) =1 cm 2/ sec (cm2/s)1 cSt, =10-6 meters 2/ seconds (m2/s) =1 mm 2/ seconds (mm2/s)Dynamic viscosity: 1 poise (P) = 0.1 PA sec (Pa. S)1 CPS (cP) =10-3 pa - (Pa - s).1 kg force per second / M2 (KGF = s, M2) =9.80665 PA sec (Pa. S)1 pounds per second / foot2 (LBF. S/ft2) =47.8803 PA sec (Pa. S)Force: 1 Newton (N) = 0.225 pound force (LBF) =0.102 kg force (KGF)1 kg force (KGF) =9.81 cattle (N)1 pound force (LBF) =4.45 Newton (N)1 dynes (dyn) =10-5 Newton (N)Pressure: 1 bar (bar) =105 PA (Pa)1 thousand PA (kPa) =0.145 lb / inch 2 (PSI) =0.0102 kg force / cm 2 (kgf/cm2)=0.0098 atmospheric pressure (ATM)1 lb / inch,2 (PSI) =6.895 kPa (kPa), =0.0703 kg force / cm2 (kg/cm2)=0.0689 bar (bar) =0.068 atmospheric pressure (ATM)1 Physical atmospheric pressure (ATM), =101.325 kPa (kPa), =14.696 pound / inch,2 (PSI) =1.0333 bar (bar)1 Engineering atmospheric pressure =98.0665 kPa (kPa)1 mm water column (mmH2O) =9.80665 PA (Pa)1 mmHg (mmHg) =133.322 PA (Pa)1 Pa (Torr) =133.322 pa1 dyne / cm2 (dyn/cm2), =0.1 (Pa)Temperature: K = 5/9 (degree F+459.67)K= degrees +273.15N degrees F=[(n-32) * 5/9] DEG CN DEG C = (5/9 = n+32) DEG F1 degrees F=5/9 degrees centigrade (temperature difference)Heat transfer coefficient: 1 thousand card / (M 2. C) 1kcal/ [M2 = h Celsius) = 1.16279 watts / (M 2 Kelvin) [w/ (m2. K)]1 British thermal units / (feet 2. F. F) [Btu/ (ft2. H. C).]=5.67826 watts / (M 2 Kelvin) [(w/m2, K) 1 m 2. C C / kcal (m2.H. C. /kcal)=0.86000 M 2 Kelvin / w (M2 ? K/W)1 thousand card / M2 M. (kcal/m2 * h) =1.16279 watt / M 2 (w/m2)Thermal conductivity: 1 thousand kcal/ (M. H. C) = 1.16279 watts / (m Kelvin) [W/ (M. K)]1 British thermal units / (FT F h) = 1.7303 watt / (m Kelvin) [W/ (m, K)] But/ (FT) FSpecific heat: kcal / kg (kcal/) F = 1 pounds (LB kg F) Btu/ = 4186.8 joules / (kg Kelvin) [J/ (kg, K)]Power: 1 = 0.10204 kg / M J = 2.778 x 10 - 7 kilowatt hour = 3.777 x 10 - 7 metric horsepower hour= 3.723 * 10-7 imperial horsepower hour = 2.389 * 10-4 kcal =9.48 * 10-4 UK thermal unit1 card (CAL) =4.1868 Joule (J)1 British thermal units (Btu) = 1055.06 joules (J)1 kilograms of force meters (KGF. M) =9.80665 joules (J)1 feet pound force (Ft. LBF) =1.35582 Joule (J)1 metric horsepower hour (HP * h) =2.64779 * 106 joules (J)1 hours per hour (UKHp * h) =2.68452 * 106 joules1 kilowatt hour (kW * h) =3.6 * 106 joules (J)1 kcal =4186.75 joules (J)Power: 1 kg force per meter / second (KGF * m/s) =9.80665 watts (W)1 metric horsepower (HP) =735.499 watts (W)1 card / second (cal/s) = 4.1868 watts (W)1 British thermal units / time (Btu/h) =0.293071 watts (W)Speed: 1 ft / S (ft/s) =0.3048 M / S (m/s)1 miles per hour (mile/h) =0.44704 M / S (m/s)Permeability: 1 Darcy = 1000 milli Darcy1 cm2 (cm2) = 9.81 * 107 DarcyGeothermal gradient: 1 F/100 feet = 1.8 /100 /m1 deg / km = 2.9 degrees F/ miles (F/mile degrees) =0.055 degrees F/100 feet (F/ft degrees)Oil and gas production: 1 barrels (BBL) =0.14 tons (T) (crude oil, global average)1 tons (T) =7.3 barrels (BBL) (crude oil, global average)1 barrels / day (BPD) =50 tons / year (t/a) (crude oil, global average)1 thousand cubic feet per day (Mcfd) =28.32 (m3/d) =1.0336 cubic meters / day million cubic meters / year (m3/a)1 million cubic feet / day (MMcfd) =2.832 million cubic meters / day (m3/d) =1033.55 million cubic meters / year (m3/a)1 billion cu ft / =0. (BCFD)283 billion 200 million cubic meters / day (m3/d) =103.36 million cubic meters / year (m3/a)1 trillion cubic feet / day (TCFD) =283.2 million cubic meters / day (m3/d) =10.336 trillion cubic meters / year (m3/a)Gas oil ratio: 1 cubic feet / barrel (cuft/bbl) =0.2067 cubic meters / ton (m3/t);Calorific value: 1 barrels of crude oil = 5.8 * 106 British hot units (Btu)1 cubic meters of moisture = 3.909 * 104 British hot units (Btu)1 cubic meters of dry gas = 3.577 * 104 British thermal unit (Btu)1 ton coal =2.406 * 107 British thermal unit (Btu)1 kilowatts of water and electricity = 1.0235 * 104 British hot (Btu)(above is the average calorific value in 1990.)(source: National Bureau of standards)Heat equivalent: 1 barrels of crude oil = 5800 cubic feet of natural gas (calculated by average calorific value)1 kilograms of crude oil = 1.4286 kilograms of standard coal1 cubic meters of natural gas = 1.3300 kilograms of standard coalThe traditional units of length in our country are Li, Li, Cun, Cun and so on.1 Li =150 meters, =500 meters.2 li =1 km (1000 meters)1 feet =10 feet,1 feet =10 inches.1 Zhangs =3.33 meters,1 feet =3.33,1 inches =3.33 cm.In the international system of units, the standard unit of length is "metre", represented by the symbol "m". 1960 Eleventh International Conference: "1650763.73 times the radiation measurement meters in length is equal to the transition between the 2P10 and 5d1 level 86 krypton atom in the vacuum wavelength".Other units of length are: light years, shoot m (Pm), megametre (Mm), {km} (km km), DM (DM), cm (CM), mm (mm), (DMM), decimillimeter centimillimeter (CMM), m (m), (nm), nano Pimi (PM), (FM), Amie femtometers (AM) etc.. Their relations with meters are as follows:1 light-years =9.46 x 10^15m (light year)1PM=1 x 10^15m (PAT meter)1Mm=1 * 10^6m (m m)1km=1 * 10^3m (km)1dm=1 * 10^ (-1) m (DM)1cm=1 * 10^ (-2) m (CM)1mm=1 * 10^ (-3) m (mm)1dmm=1 * 10^ (-4) m (DMM)1cmm=1 * 10^ (-5) m (CMM)1 m=1 x 10^ (-6) m (micron)1nm=1 * 10^ (-9) m (nm)1pm=1 * 10^ (-12) m (picometers)1fm=1 * 10^ (-15) m (flying meters)1am=1 * 10^ (-18) m (Amie)Other1 millimetre mm =0.03937 inch inches1 centimetre cm, =10 mm. mm, =0.3937 inch inches1 decimetre =10 cm. =3.937 inches inch centimeter decimeter 1 metre =10 dm. =1.0936 yards meter decimeter code =3.2808 feetfeet1 decametre, ten meters, =10, M. meters, =10.936, yards yards 1 hectometre 100 meters =100 M. meters =109.4 yards yards1 kilometre km, =1000 M. meters, =0.6214 mile miles1 mile Marin nautical miles, =1852 M. meters, =1.1500 mile miles。
MySQL中的数据类型转换和处理函数的使用方法
MySQL中的数据类型转换和处理函数的使用方法介绍在MySQL中，数据类型转换和处理函数是非常重要的工具，能够帮助我们在数据库中存储和处理数据。
本文将介绍MySQL中常用的数据类型转换方法和处理函数的使用方法，并通过实例来说明其具体应用。
数据类型转换数据类型转换是将一个数据类型的值转换成另一个数据类型的过程。
在MySQL中，常用的数据类型转换函数包括CAST()和CONVERT()。
1. CAST()函数CAST()函数用于将一个数据类型的值转换成另一个数据类型，并返回转换后的值。
它的语法如下：CAST(expr AS type)其中，expr是要转换的值，type是目标数据类型。
例如，我们有一个表person，其中有一个字段age，存储的是整型数据。
现在我们想将age的值转换成字符串类型，可以使用CAST()函数：SELECT CAST(age AS CHAR) FROM person;2. CONVERT()函数CONVERT()函数的功能与CAST()函数类似，也用于数据类型转换。
它的语法如下：CONVERT(expr, type)其中，expr是要转换的值，type是目标数据类型。
与CAST()函数相比，CONVERT()函数在某些特定情况下更加灵活，例如在进行字符集转换时。
例如，我们有一个表student，其中有一个字段name，存储的是GB2312字符集的数据。
现在我们想将name的字符集转换成UTF8，可以使用CONVERT()函数：SELECT CONVERT(name USING utf8) FROM student;处理函数的使用方法MySQL提供了许多处理函数，用于对数据进行计算、处理和转换。
下面将介绍一些常用的处理函数。
1. 字符串处理函数MySQL中常用的字符串处理函数包括LENGTH()、SUBSTRING()、CONCAT()和LOWER()等。
这些函数可以对字符串进行长度计算、截取、拼接和大小写转换等操作。