西安交通大学西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析
西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析
西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析
一、近五年考题题型、分值分布
(一)整体分析
西安交通大学的考博英语题型是“稳中求变”，从08年开始，完型、阅读、翻译与作文一直是西安交通大学考博英语中的“常驻将军”，但是分值有所变化，主要完型的分值增加了10分，题目也增加了10道；相反，阅读的分值有所下降，文章的篇数也减少到了12年的4篇；而翻译的分值减少了一半，只有20
分。
而变化主要体现在试卷中去掉了词汇题，而增加了阅读新题型，但是11年与12年的新题型都不一样，虽均属于阅读新题型，但是11年考查的是fastreading，而12年考查的是trueorfalse，这其实就是增加了阅读的比重。
因此，旺旺考博网建议考生在备考过程中，要注重自身阅读能力的提高。
(二)分项分析
1词汇题
西安交通大学考博英语从11年开始取消了词汇题，这并不意味着词汇与语法不重要，而将单词与语法的考查放入到其他各个专项中，着重考查的是单词与语法的运用能力。
这就要求考生不仅要掌握一定量的单词，还要求考生要将语法全面复习一遍，这样对于提升考生的阅读速度及理解文章都是非常有帮助的。
而对于词汇的积累，旺旺网商城特别推出《考博英语词汇10000分级突破》，它将词汇分为基础词汇、必备词汇和高分词汇三个部分，这三个部分的词汇是按照循序渐进的顺序进行编排，这使得考生在复习考博词汇时，能够由简入难，有一个逐渐适应的过程。
语法是理解长难句的基础，赠送的考博英语语法课程讲解鞭辟入里，每一节的语法之后都配有一定的练习，可以使考生在学习了语法的理论知识后，能通过练习将所学理论知识运用到实践中，加强对语法理论的理解。
2完型填空
西安交通大学考博英语的完型填空部分，由08-10年的10分增加到了20分。
而完型填空考查的是单词的基本词义区分、固定词组搭配、以及考生对上下文的理解能力。
这就要求考生在做题时，要从上下文来理解文章，选择最适合的答案。
从历年西安交通大学的题目来源来看，主要来源于大学生英语竞赛C类
非英语专业模拟题、实用英语综合教材第一册课文选读B、大学英语四级听力原文、大学英语四级完型模拟题等。
完型填空的文章篇幅都不算长，字数基本在200--400之间。
也就是说，西安交通大学的完型填空题目难度不大，文章中出现的生单词很少，但正是因为文章中出现的难词少，才更需要引起我们的注意。
它考查更多的是考生的逻辑思维能力及对常见词的基本词义区分，因此，考生在平时的复习过程中，可有意识地积累近义词的基本词义区分及固定词组搭配。
3阅读理解
从近几年的题型看，西安交通大学考博英语阅读理解由之前的5-6篇，变为了12年4篇，文章篇数减少了，分值也有所降低，12年的阅读理解是4篇文章，30道题，30分。
文章篇幅不是很长，大概是400--600个单词之间，但是每篇文章的题目较多，前2篇文章难度不大，设置的题目也多为细节题，而后2篇文章难度有所提高，设置的题目难度也相应地提高了。
而其阅读理解的题目来源，则主要为专四模拟题、考研英语模拟试题、六级模拟题、其他院校往年的考博真题、以及报纸杂志上的文章。
而在阅读上，旺旺网商城的《考博英语阅读理解高分突破200篇》不失为考生的首选。
要求考生掌握做阅读理解的方法，无论是简单题目还是难度较大的题目，都能从容应对。
4新题型
旺旺考博介绍，11年和12年，西安交通大学出现了新的题型。
11年是fastreading，这是阅读理解的一种新题型，这类文章篇幅较长，有1100词左右，但是这类型的题目难度不大，题目一般针对文章的事实细节、词句理解、信息归纳来设置，主旨大意及观点态度题较少。
提问的方式通常是将原文的相关内
容进行转换，形成题干。
简答这类题时，需要注意三点：一是要原文定位准确，二是要简化答语，三是要注意语法的正确。
建议考生可在平时做做大学6级的这类型题目。
而12年的是trueorfalse，12年的这篇文章篇幅较长，字数为1200词左右，题目难度适中，考查的多为细节题，也会考到主旨大意题与观点态度题，因此，考生在做这类型题时，一是要准备定位原文，二是要准备把握文章的主旨大意，提高自己提取信息及归纳主旨大意的能力。
考生平时可选择篇幅较长的文章阅读，有意识地锻炼自己的阅读能力及提取信息的能力。
5翻译
西安交通大学的翻译包括英译汉与汉译英，英译汉与汉译英各三段，每一段的字数基本都控制在130-150个词以内，但是翻译所占的分值有所下降。
由之前的40分变为了20分。
而从翻译材料来看的话，08-12年的汉译英中，管理是每年必考的一段翻译，还有的是科技、环境、健康问题等，而英译汉则有医学、管理与组织、科技等内容。
因此，考生在平时的准备过程中，可有意识地多关注管理、科技、环境与健康方面的话题。
6作文
作文的分值由之前的15分上升到20分，而题材由之前的话题作文转为了12年的图表作文。
这就要求考生在平时要加强分析图表的能力，要多练习写作，基本一周需要背诵一篇范文，通过背诵范文，需要掌握写作中常见的句型，总结范文的写作思路等。
当然，仅仅背诵范文是不够的，还需要每周练习写2-4篇英文作文。
而英文作文的题目可选当今社会的热点问题，如雾霾、独二胎子女政策等。
以上是旺旺考博网各大院校考博英语的题型分析中有关于西安交通大学的题型分析与应对策略，希望将要参加西安交通大学博士考试的2014年考生和及早准备备考的2015年考生都能以此为借鉴，成功过关考试。
西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题The technological dimension of innovation process has been extensively commended on. Market innovation processes._____(1)has remained underexplored both theoretically and empirically. Our starting point was that the conception of market innovation depends strongly on our ____(2)Of markets. Two different approaches to markets were contrasted: one epistemologial orientation ____(3) generating the right knowledge about markets,and one ontological orientation emphasizing their active production. Drawing on the latter, we defined “market”innovation ____(4)changes in the way business is done. In this respect, the contribution to this special issue are ____(5) by the idea that market innovation is not something that envelops market from the outside (like technological innovation or regulatory change).____(6)something that comes from changing the very components that make up markets, ____(7),recent theorizing about markets from a practice prospective suggests markets are continuous outcomes of on-going efforts.____(8)change the rule and stability the exception. In line with this, the markets repeatedly illustrate efforts at directing and /or preventing change rather than promoting it. This leads us to suggest that market innovation. Face the balancing act of capturing opportunities____(9) change through stabilizing efforts that produce innovation rems.Such stabilizing efforts were noted in two special areas: establishing and maintaining a bounded network of buyers,sellers,goods, etc. And configuring this network in particular ways____(10)channel interaction between entities. These stabilizing efforts were parsued in four ways: Internationalizing norms and rules; building devlees and technical infrastructures,generating and Dissemination images, models,and representation and ____(11) practices, routines and habits. Despite stabilizing efforts,however, stability is hard to achieve,____(12)due to competing political project about how a market should work, herein wu argue,____(13)the key dynamic of market innovation processes. While market innovation seek stability,____(14)also strive for dynamic transformation. While stability id=s sought ,instability offers stack ____(15)allows markets to develop and pursue new opportunities. Actors trying to reconfigure markets ____(16) sufficient predictability to anticipate potential rents, yet thrive on the opportunities of of market in flux____(17),efforts to eliminate market slack,e.g,through extensive marked rationalization, is not only difficult but also undersirable.____(18)brings us to our final removal. We ____(19) that market innovation processes designed above play a significant part in what has been said to characterize a well functioning market,namely the ability to handle its own overflows. To further develop action-oriented insights commingle such processes, one would do well to return the comprehensive and dynamic perspective offered by conceiving of markets as service Eco-system, social-material networks, or tech-lednical enhancements____(20) exemplifed in the subsequent articles.1.A to be specific B however C therefore D on the other hand2.A conception B creation C plan D making3.A depending on B speaking on C basing on D. Focusing on4.A that B as C to be D in that5.A united B made C developed D done6.A and B yet C wherein D but7.A however B understandably C because of that D moreover8.A making B result in C producing D creating9.A result from B result from C resulted from D to result from10.A but B so as to C that D which11.A relying in B developing C enacting D forming12.A but B with C not learn D lest13.A that B result in C with D lies14.A they B we C people D regulators15.A in which B that C whereas D but16.A develop B make C seek D refer17.A on the contrary B furthermore C however D in this sight18.A this B argument C which D much19.A ask B suggest C infer D reach20.A of B as C but D withPassage 1The Chelsen Garlonsm, when ther discovered them, did not disappoint Rene’s expectations. They had the grace and dignity of an english garden without the formality of a park. Arm- in- arm the two young people wandered along a path leading to it summerhouse and from there across a wide sloping laws. Here stood a willow so ancient and whispering and curtained with leaves that it formed a giant umbrella reaching almost to the ground. Sid and Rene pursed the fronds of the willow and went inside it. The sun shining through the chinks in the leaves made queer patterns on their face. It was quiet and secret inside and Rose would have liked to sit down by the trunk. Sid looked up at the branches forming the domed roof of their hiding place, andsaid all those leaves were bound to be full of insects and the ground looked a bit hard here anyway. Rene gave way, not because she minded about the insects on the hardness of the ground, but because a little band of children suddenly appourced chasing one another in and out of the tree. Kids, she thought, were all right but they got in your way. When you wanted to talk,and, after all, this tree must be an instrument for any kid. “come on”, she said,”let’s explore a bit farther.”They went on surprisingly far in the end of the town, along a path and up a flay hill till they came to it dell shaded by trees where the grass as ie deeper green and velvety to the touch, it was very still here but there was no seat on which to sit down.“it looks nice here.” said Rene ,”might as well give our legs a rest.”Sid hesitated, torn between a desire to sit down nest to Rene and the fear that he would catch a chill in the process.“perhaps we ought to find somewhere where there’s a seat.”he suggested,”i do not suppose the grass is dry yet after Friday’s rain.”Rene sighed. Even this velvet glade could not make Sid forget the perils associated with sitting on damp grass.“you have got your anorak.” she said,”you can sit on that.”“it’s my new time,” Sid began to unzip if rather half-heandly.“a bit of damp won’t hurt it,” retorted Rene, and sat down.21.The willow tree in the lawn is described as “quiet and secret” becauseA it was so difficult to penetrateB of its dome-like shapeC it was used as a shelterD its branches formed a screen22.when Rene suggested sitting under the tree,Sid____?A made objectionsB looked uncomfortableC became imitableD seemed frightened23.what impression does the test give of Rene’s attitude to children? She ____A was very fond of themB had no use for themC sometimes found them a nuisanceD did not understand them24.from what Sid says, it seems that he ...A has never sat on the grassB was afraid of catching coldC could not undo his anorak C thought it was going to rain25.the phrase”so ancient” on line 4 of p1 most probably refers toA the age of the treeB the appearance of the treeC the growth of the treeD the height of the tree26.The word “chinks” in line6 of p1 mostly refers to.....A sproutsB narrow openingC movementsD bouncing27.the word “dell” in line p3 most means....A a small wood hollowB a large valleyC a big dome with treeD a huge rock28.the grass is damp because....A the gardeners watered the grassB it rained recentlyC the grass is in a gladeD few people went there.Passage 2Naturally the young are more inclined to novelty than their elders and it is in their speech,as it always was, that most of this verbal changes originate. But listening critically to their talk i hear hardly any new words. It is all a matter of using old words in a new way and thenen copying each other, that much as they wish to speak differently from their parents, they want even more to speak like people of their own age. A new usage once took time to spread, but now a pop star can flash it across the world in hours.Of course it is not only the young who like to use the latest in work. While they are describing their idols as smashing, great fab or comic, their parents and the more discriminating of the younger set are also groping for worth of practice. Rats are once apt and fashionable. However, their choice of splendid, brilliant ,fantastic and so on will in turn be slightly dimmed by over-use and need replacement.Magic as is a theme that has regularly supplied words of praise and the choice must betray something in our nature. Charming, entrancing and enchanting are all based on it. So also is marvelous which was been used so much that some of its magic has fade while among teenagers......? Had a great run, another of this group, though you might not think it, is glamorous, which was all the ragein the great day of folly wood. Glamour was a scottish dialect form of “gramture”and”grammanry”,which itself was an old word for enchantment.(grammar means the study of words, and words have always been at the heart of magic). The change from “t”to “i”may have come about through the associate with words like gleaning and glittering.On the website, when a new word makes ever the old ?? remain, weakened but still in urge, so that the intal(?) stock increases all the ?? .but some that start only as slang and never rise above that class can disappear completely. Until you really try ripping when you were young?”my grand daughter asked me, rather like asking if i ever were a ? Of ?. Of course i did and it was ? Silliest than something,which some of hot ? Are still saying.29.what do young people like to do in this speak?A invent words that older people cannot understandB use words invented by pop starsC give words new meanings to mislead their parentsD copy the speech of their ?30.words of praise keep changes because.....A they love their freshnessB there are more words available in this areaC young people are becoming more discriminatingD older people try to avoid the in-words of the young31.The fact that magic ia s frequent source of words of praise suggests that people .......A lack linguistic originalityB have always been interested in magicC are becoming more superstitionD means much the same as smashing32.To the author’s grand-daughter the word ripping.....A seems strange and old fashionedB has a clearer meaning than it does for the authorC is unacceptable because it is slangD means much the same as smashing33.The phase “had a great run” in p3 probably means?A circulated for a timeB had a great runC was quite popularD received great attention33.The phase”all the rage” in p3 means?A all the vogue for a timeB disliked by many peopleC unpopular by lots of peopleD used for the same time34.The phase”on the while” in p3 means?A for some timeB on the wholeC in summaryD in coincident35.The total shock of words increases becauseA even if the new words pop up for use frequently,the old ones never disappearB people keep creating new wordsC old words keep displaying new usesD the younger generation never stop create new onePassage 3There have been three period in the history of post-war broadcast interview. The first “the age of respect”, when it was an honor to have you, the interviewee, on the program,lasted until the middle 50s. The second “the age of ascendancy”, when politicians in particular looked upon the interviews as rivals who make them feel uncomfortable by their knowledge and rigor of questioning, came to an end at the beginning of this decade. Now we are in “the age of evasion”, when most prominent interviewees have acquired the art of seeming to answer a question whilst bypassing its essential thrust.Why should this be? Form the complexity of causes responsible for the present mediocrity of interview form, a few are worth singing out, such as the revolt against rationality and the enthronement of feeling in its place. To the young of the 60s, the painstaking search for understanding of a given political problem may have appeared less, fruitful and satisfying than the unlettered ventilation of emotion which the same problem generated. Sooner or later, broadcasting was bound to reflect this.This bias against understanding has continued. To this we must add the professional causes that have played their part. The convention of the broadcast interview had undergone little change or radical development since its rise in the 50s. When a broadcasting form ceases to develop, its practitioners tend to take it for granted and are likely to say “how”, rather than ask “why”.Furthermore, these partly psychological, partly professional tendencies were greatly accelerated by the huge expansion of news and current affairs output over the last 15 years. When you had many additional hours of current affairs broadcasting interviewing turned out to be a far cheaper convention that straight reporting, which is costly in terms of permanent reporters and time preparation. The temptation to combine an expanded news and current at-lairs service with a relatively small addition financial outlay by making theinterview ubiquitous proved overwhelming.To be fair, there are compensating virtues in interviewing, such as immediacy and authority, yet in all honest i must say that the spread of the interviewing format has led to a corresponding diminution of quality broadcasting.36.According to the author in the past politicians thought that television interviewers____?A knew more about polities than they didB should be honored to meet themC really aspired to be politicians tooD gave them a difficult time in interviews37.in the 60s young people____?A talked about problems instead of solving themB found political problems too difficult to understandC preferred the expression of feeling to logical argumentD were dissatisfied with the standard of interviewing38.From a professional standpoint, one reason for the decline in the interviews is that___?AB interviewing techniques have remained much the sameC people are not so radical as in the 60sD broadcasters consider the interview format out-modepared with other forms of current affairs program, interviews are _____?A shorter and more efficientB more carefully preparedC fairer in their approachD more authentic and direct40.The word”ventilation” in p2 most probably means?A releaseB open discussionC recallingD complaints41。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器)refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilot and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute（1）actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle（2）before they（3）extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also are useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new（4）to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate simple aircraft （5）in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and （6）to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York.（7）, airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” fl ying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved（8）risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped（9）instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls（10）instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or（11）climb or descent with no visual reference（12）—any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified（13）aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training and the US government began purchasing them in 1934,（14）thousands more as World War II approached.Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly（15）. The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits, controls, and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything（16）the simplest light planes. By the 1950s, the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely（17）the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s （18）digital and hybrid computers were adopted, and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems.Further advances in computer and（19）technology, notably the development of virtual-reality simulation, have made it possible to（20）highly complex real-life conditions.问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题2选项A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.maneuvers问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping问题7选项A.From then onB.From now onC.By nowD.By then问题8选项A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered 问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.on the part ofB.on the basis ofC.on the track ofD.on the verge of问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.as forB.as topC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining问题15选项A.actualB.realisticC.realizingD.true问题16选项A.except B.except forC.apart fromD.but问题17选项A.replenishedB.replacedC.replicatedD.reposed问题18选项A.electronicB.electricC.electricityD.electron问题19选项A.programB.programmableC.programmedD.programming问题20选项A.resurrectB.reproduceC.resuscitateD.resume【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:B【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I hope you （）all the material before you make the final decision.问题1选项A.will have readB.will be readC.will be readingD.would have read【答案】A【解析】考查将来完成时态。
由题意可知，本题考查的是将来完成时态，而选项B为将来一般时态，选项C为将来进行时态，选项D为过去将来完成时态，所以本题的正确选项为选项A。
句意：我希望你做最后决定之前就已经阅读过所有资料。
2.单选题When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question（）a variety of answers.问题1选项A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意:当人们被问及他们需要或想要什么样的住房时，这个问题引起了各种各样的回答考查动词辨析。
选项均为对应动词的三单形式。
defy 藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；magnify 放大：赞美；夸大; mediate 调停；evoke 引起；唤起。
该动词的宾语是a variety of answers(各种各样的回答)，由此可知D项符合句意。
3.单选题The board of the company has decided to（）its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.问题1选项A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify【答案】C【解析】句意:公司董事会决定扩大经营范围，将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内。
考查动词辨析。
西安交通大学西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析
西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析一、近五年考题题型、分值分布(一)整体分析西安交通大学的考博英语题型是“稳中求变”，从08年开始，完型、阅读、翻译与作文一直是西安交通大学考博英语中的“常驻将军”，但是分值有所变化，主要完型的分值增加了10分，题目也增加了10道；相反，阅读的分值有所下降，文章的篇数也减少到了12年的4篇；而翻译的分值减少了一半，只有20分。
而变化主要体现在试卷中去掉了词汇题，而增加了阅读新题型，但是11年与12年的新题型都不一样，虽均属于阅读新题型，但是11年考查的是fastreading，而12年考查的是trueorfalse，这其实就是增加了阅读的比重。
因此，旺旺考博网建议考生在备考过程中，要注重自身阅读能力的提高。
(二)分项分析1词汇题西安交通大学考博英语从11年开始取消了词汇题，这并不意味着词汇与语法不重要，而将单词与语法的考查放入到其他各个专项中，着重考查的是单词与语法的运用能力。
这就要求考生不仅要掌握一定量的单词，还要求考生要将语法全面复习一遍，这样对于提升考生的阅读速度及理解文章都是非常有帮助的。
而对于词汇的积累，旺旺网商城特别推出《考博英语词汇10000分级突破》，它将词汇分为基础词汇、必备词汇和高分词汇三个部分，这三个部分的词汇是按照循序渐进的顺序进行编排，这使得考生在复习考博词汇时，能够由简入难，有一个逐渐适应的过程。
语法是理解长难句的基础，赠送的考博英语语法课程讲解鞭辟入里，每一节的语法之后都配有一定的练习，可以使考生在学习了语法的理论知识后，能通过练习将所学理论知识运用到实践中，加强对语法理论的理解。
2完型填空西安交通大学考博英语的完型填空部分，由08-10年的10分增加到了20分。
而完型填空考查的是单词的基本词义区分、固定词组搭配、以及考生对上下文的理解能力。
这就要求考生在做题时，要从上下文来理解文章，选择最适合的答案。
西安交大英语试题及答案
西安交大英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the woman going to do this evening?A. Go to a concertB. Visit her parentsC. Do some shopping2. How much will the man pay for the tickets?A. $10B. $20C. $303. What does the woman think about the weather?A. It is too hotB. It is just rightC. It is too cold4. Why does the man refuse the woman's invitation?A. He has to workB. He is not interestedC. He has another appointment5. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It is too longB. It is very interestingC. It is boring二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In recent years, the number of people choosing to study abroad has increased significantly. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, the number ofstudents going abroad for higher education has risen by 15% compared to last year. This trend is expected to continue as more students are attracted by the quality of education andthe diverse cultural experiences offered by foreign universities.6. What is the main reason for the increase in students studying abroad?A. Better job opportunitiesB. Quality of educationC. Lower tuition fees7. By how much has the number of students studying abroad increased?A. 5%B. 10%C. 15%Passage 2The use of renewable energy sources has become a hot topic in recent years. Solar and wind power are two of the mostpopular renewable energy sources. Solar energy is clean and abundant, but its efficiency is affected by weather conditions. Wind power, on the other hand, is also clean and has the advantage of being more consistent, although it requires large wind turbines that can be expensive to install.8. What is the main advantage of solar energy?A. It is consistentB. It is clean and abundantC. It is cheap to install9. What is a disadvantage of wind power?A. It requires large wind turbinesB. It is affected by weather conditionsC. It is not clean三、完形填空（共20分）One day, a farmer was walking in his field when he found a snake. The snake was injured, so the farmer decided to help it. He took the snake home and cared for it until it was healthy again. The snake was very grateful and promised to repay the farmer's kindness.10. What did the farmer find in his field?A. A rabbitB. A snakeC. A bird11. Why did the farmer take the snake home?A. To eat itB. To sell itC. To help it12. What did the snake promise to do?A. To leave the farmer's houseB. To repay the farmer's kindnessC. To harm the farmer四、翻译（共15分）13. 请将以下句子从英语翻译成中文："The rapid development of technology has changed the way we live and work."14. 请将以下句子从中文翻译成英语：“随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始在线购物。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷17
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.翻译题Passage 1肝脏是人体最大的腺体, 它位于右上腹部。
肝脏表面光滑, 因血液供应丰富而呈暗红色。
大约25%的心输出量流向肝脏。
肝脏有许多重要的功能：1)营养物(蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪)、药物和毒素的摄取、储存和代谢。
2)合成蛋白的产生和机体物质的代谢。
Passage 2100多年前, 世界上第一辆汽车的诞生让人们感受到速度带来的震撼。
然而, 汽车在给人类社会带来便捷的同时, 消耗了大量的石油, 而且每天排放大量污染物, 对人类健康和生态环境造成严重危害。
因此, 研发节能与新能源汽车成为全球汽车业发展的主题。
Passage 3管理是一种社会职能, 隐藏在习俗、信念等传统里, 以及政府政策和政治制度中, 管理也是‘文化'。
人与人的关系正代替人与自然或人与物之间的关系成为相互交往的首要方式。
人文文化从科学寻找自信心、理智能意念；科学从人文文化吸取朝向人的情感、价值观念。
Choose ONLY ONE text form the following and translate it into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet provided if more than ONE translation appears on the Answer Sheet, only the first or the indicated one would be scoredThe liver is the largest gland in the body and is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is glossy in appearance and dark red in color from the rich supply of blood flowing through it. Approximately 25% of the cardiac output flows to the liver. It performs many important functions: First, the uptake, storage, and disposal of nutrients (protein, carbohydrates and fat), drugs, toxins. Second, the production of synthetic proteins and the metabolism of substances produced by the body.Passage 2100 years ago, the world's first car was born to make people feel the thrill of speed. However, the car bring convenience to the human society, it consumes a lot of oil at the same time, and discharge large quantities of pollutants every day, causing serious harm to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile has become the theme of global automotive industry development.Passage 3Management is a kind of social function, hidden in traditional custom, faith, as well as the government policy and political system. Management is also a 'culture'. Interpersonal relationship is replacing the relationship between human and the nature or human and material and become the primary mode of interaction. Humanistic culture looking for self-confidence, rational ideas from science; science absorbing human emotions and values from the humanistic culture.2.单选题Sleep is a funny thing. We’re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly. Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn’t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person’s motor person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating wi thout enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jays Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Someliterally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars... Another hit a ‘Jersey barrier’ on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”Agrawal’s organization is supp orting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State’s regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.”The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is a place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you’re worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（） .2.Speaking of the sleep problems doctors’ face, the author implies that （） .3.Paragraphs 3 and 4 are written to （） .4.By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government”(line 6, paragraph5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that（） .5.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.people who sleep than 8 hours a day are more prone to illnessB.poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorderC.stroke is often associated with sleepD.too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep问题2选项B.doctors’ sleep is deprived by residentsC.doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problemsD.sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated问题3选项A.entertain the audience with some anecdotesB.discuss the cause of docto rs’ sleep problemsC.show the hostility doctors harbor against their patientsD.exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep问题4选项A.doctors should not abide by government’s regulationsB.the government is interfering too muchC.the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specificw cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can问题5选项A.Patients should control the hours of their doctors.B.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doct ors’.C.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.D.People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions. 【答案】第1题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，经常每天睡眠超过8小时且仍然感到疲倦的人死于中风的可能性几乎是正常人的三倍——这可能是一种使他们无法睡得安稳的潜在疾病的结果。
西安交通大学专升本英语期末考试主观题和客观题
西安交通大学专升本英语期末考试主观题和客观题一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. — How do you find the match between Spain and Switzerland?— ________ But powerful Spain lost the game by 0:1.（） [单选题] *A. I watched it on TV.B. It’s amazing!(正确答案)C. You guessed it!D. Congratulations!2. The woman was so ________ that even the clicking sound of the mouse upset her. （） [单选题] *A. generousB. flexibleC. thoughtfulD. sensitive(正确答案)3. He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.（） [单选题] *A. serviceB. intention(正确答案)C. doubtD. brief4. Whether big or small, ________ all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences. （） [单选题] *A. howB. what(正确答案)C. thatD. where5. Remember that you won’t be able to cancel the contract ________ you’ve signed.（）[单选题] *A. unlessB. untilC. thoughD. once(正确答案)6. You say the manager might not agree to the plan. ________ , I will not put it forward in the meeting tomorrow morning.（） [单选题] *A. In that case(正确答案)B. By no meansC. For one thingD. On the contrary7. I have sent her several letters, ________ sh e hasn’t replied so far, so I decide to write her again. （） [单选题] *A. with whichB. in whichC. to which(正确答案)D. on which8. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________ , it is important that we try.（） [单选题] *A. MeanwhileB. ThereforeC. BesidesD. Nevertheless(正确答案)9. I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service.（） [单选题] *A. whatB. whichC. whateverD. whoever(正确答案)10. As a smoker, you ________ remember that the damage passive smoking does to people’s health and people’s lives is also very serious.（） [单选题] *A. canB. wouldC. must(正确答案)D. might11. He said that many words ________ nature were now missing from the new version of the junior dictionary.（） [单选题] *A. describedB. being describedC. describing(正确答案)D. to describe12. He was determined to do as much as he could to keep himself in good condition, even if it ________ getting up at 5:00 to go for a swim.（） [单选题] *A. involved(正确答案)B. employedC. containedD. received13. I’m paying $800 towards the car, and my parents say they’ll ________ the rest of the money.（） [单选题] *A. break downB. put asideC. make up(正确答案)D. bring forward14. The debate between homework or no homework ________ on in American schools for years and no one has come up with a solution yet.（） [单选题] *A is goingB. has been going(正确答案)C. was goingD. had gone15. — I am worn out.— Me too, all work and no play. It is time to ________ .（） [单选题] *A. pull up your socksB. hold your breathC. hit the roadD. call it a day(正确答案)二、完形填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
西安交通大学机械专业课考博英语题型
一共四道大题，包括7个小题，其中第7道题是对硕士阶段所做工作总结，为选做题，不计入总分。
第一大题是撰写专业英语，包括2小题，给出了中文摘要，让翻译成英文。
第1题与几何测量、材料成型、板材成型、仿真模拟、测试有关。
Key words是：几何测量、板材成型、测定标准（20分）第2题与电学、电焊接相关。
加热电阻丝、电阻导致温度、温度场等。
其中关键名词已经给出翻译（20分）。
Key words是电阻丝、温度场、机械加工、测试第二大题是英译汉。
给出3段英文，让翻译成中文第1题是：机械工程师、机械设计所涉及的领域而被人众所周知、涉及工程师的发明——功率消耗装置、功率产生装置：包括发动机、船舶、汽车、机械制造、自动机器人、人造器官、发电机等、芯片手机或者说是超薄手机。
最后说明机械无处不在（15分）第2题是：这题比较简单，我很快做完了：全球化的普及，该段提到产品可以在美国设计、在日本制造，在中国台湾组装，在中国大陆出售，也可以是虚拟计划在香港设计、在欧洲实行的，随着信息的爆炸，顾客对全球化产品也有了足够的了解，或者说进一步了解，占有市场、让概念深入人心才是公司赢得全球化的关键（15分）第3题是：人类想象现在机械发展有多快、举了在美国一个科幻电影在20年后变成现实的例子。
还包括开发外星球不知名的无机物给太阳系的人们使用，指出人类的想法是奇特甚至是荒缪的，但却又是现实合理的。
该题还包括：有关于创新的内容、概念，不是真正的专业英语。
如给出的中文有：在21世纪，进入22世纪等，随着…发展（15分）第三大题汉译英：可持续发展、过度粗放式的经济发展对人类的威胁。
发展环境保护、资源综合利用相关。
统筹考虑环境污染和资源利用等等。
给出汉语，翻译成英文（15分）第四大题为选作题：硕士期间的工作用英文表达，不计分。
其它：可以带电子词典，可以带英汉词典，但不允许带专业课本。
总的来说，要多看机械、材料专业的专业书。
然后平时英语成绩也要过关。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷2
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Frankly speaking, I'd rather you（）anything about it for the time being.问题1选项A.doB.don't doC.didD.didn't do【答案】D【解析】would rather引导的从句用虚拟语气, 动词用过去时态表示, 所以首先排除选项A和B；根据anything可指本句应该为否定语气, 所以选项D正确。
The chief foods eaten in a country depends largely on（）best in its climate and soil. 问题1选项A.all what it growsB.what growsC.which growsD.what does it grow【答案】B【解析】根据句子结构可知, 句中缺少宾语。
选项A结构错误, 先行词all后面只能接关系代词that；选项C缺少先行词；选项D是疑问句, 不能做宾语。
所以选项B正确。
3.单选题Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death, in the more somber tradition of American literature—from Hawthorne and Melville and Poe to Faulknar and Hemingway?—one finds a tragic depth that belies the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems which the culture in action is reluctant to face the fact of death, its mystery, and its place in the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek times, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; these are difficult to find in American life.Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the sluices of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and reedits from it, surrounding it with word avoidance ( Americans never die; they "pass away") and various taboos of speech and practice. A "Funeral parlor" is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something furtive, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dignified that the ceremony often loses 'its quality of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in understanding the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living is a scientific culture. Americans have already enough explanation of how it comes, yet they show little capacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it. "We jubilate over birth anda fact of life as is birth." And, one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an American's life —the last occasion of his relation to his society —is as standardized as the rest.1.In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will find（） .2.The words "pass away" suggest the （） .3.Unlike American society, some primitive cultures （） .4.Margaret Mead suggests that （） .5.The word "it" in line 2 of paragraph 2 refers to （） .6.We can infer from the passage that in some primitive cultures, （） .7.From the passage, we team that Americans（） .问题1选项A.ordinary American death attitudesB.a willingness to accept death as a fact of lifeC.a superficial attitude toward deathD.a morbid attitude to the death theme问题2选项A.religious overtones of deathB.indifference with which most Americans regard deathC.American reluctant to face the reality of deathD.average American belief in immortalityA.do not understand the causes of deathB.understand the causes of deathC.are unable to come to terms with deathD.have a morbid attitude toward death问题4选项A.we should sot rejoice at a birthB.we should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeralC.a wedding should be solemn affairD.we should accept both death mid marriage and birth as a fact of life问题5选项A.fearB.religious integrityC.dwelling on deathD.death问题6选项A.death is accepted happilyB.death has been treated as a mysteryC.death has been bestowed with rich cultural implicationsD.mentioning of death is avoided in American culture问题7选项A.know scientifically how death comes aboutB.treat death as a mysteryC.accept death squarelyD.know more about death than people in other countries【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A【解析】1.根据关键词“Hawthorne and Melville”定位到第一段二三句“from Hawthorne and Melville...— one finds a tragic depth that belies the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes.”可知, 选项A符合原文。
西安交大初试选拔考试英语试题
西安交大初试选拔考试英语试题西安交大初试选拔考试英语试题一单项选择题25分（）1. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _____.A. the otherB. any otherC. anotherD. other （）2. The results of the experiment have turned out to be more satisfactory than _______.A. expectedB. that were expectedC. had been expectedD. expecting（）3. Inside the window of the car _____ nothing but a few small toys.A. hangedB. is hungC. hangsD. is hanged （）4. --What’s the matter, Sara? You wea r a sad look on your face.--Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _______ of my friends back home.A. just thoughtB. have just been thinkingC. was just thinkingD. have just thought（）5. An awful traffic accident_______, however, happen the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to（）6. The public criticized that the government should have tried all means to prevent the financial crisis ______.A. occurringB. being occurredC. to occurD. from being occurred （）7. As I couldn’t find a better way to solve the problem, he suggested ______ to my parents.A. me to turnB. I would turnC. me turningD. me turn （）8. What is the best way you think of _______ the living conditions in the mountainous area?A. improvingB. to improveC. having improvedD. to be improved （）9. It is ______children’s behavior carefully that we are able to find out those who come from the divorced family are more likely to go astray （误入歧途）such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs.（）10. We waited for the meeting for nearly three hours, only _____ it was cancelled.A. findingB. to findC. having foundD. found（）11. Practical jokes are tricks in which an unsuspectingvictim is placed in an embarrassing position or made ______a fool.A. lookingB. lookC. to lookD. looks（）12. When his mother entered the room, he pretended _______ his homework attentively.（专注的）A. to doB. to doingC. to be doingD. to have done （）13. More consumers are waiting for the further drop of housing prices with money in their hands ______ buying houses, according to a report released（发布）by the chamber of commerce on China's real estate.A. better thanB. more thanC. other thanD. rather than （）14. The poor man suddenly found he was _______ he had been and was at a loss.A. to whichB. whereC. to the placeD. what （）15. Chaplin, for _____ life had once been very hard, directed a film about life in an American factory.A. whoseB. whomC. himD. which（）16. We went through a period _______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.B. whoseC. in whichD. with which （）17. It has been e stimated that the earth’s surface temperature has increased ____ half to three quarters of a degree since 1850.A. toB. byC. atD. with（）18. An Asian normally does not open a gift in the presence of the giver, ______ an American tends to open it immediately when he gets it.A. sinceB. whileC. whenD. as（）19. The fried scallops（扇贝）we ate at the restaurant yesterday is marvelous. I’d like to have them again even if they cost ______.C. twice as muchD. as much twice（）20 Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually _____ paper money for almost every purchase.A. exchangeB. reduceC. replaceD. substitute （）21. The boss of the company felt wo rried when he found the profit couldn’t _____ the expenses.A. payC. chargeD. keep （）22. To our relief,（宽慰）， the friends that got separated in the floods came back home ______.A. safelyB. safeC. surprisedD. surprisedly （）23. Taking the advantage as a journalist, she was admitted to the watchtower and had a particular _______ of the mountain ranges.A. sceneB. sightC. viewD. scenery（）24. The house he now lives in is a（n）______ contrast to the one he lived in six years ago.A. brightB. freshC. sharpD. extreme （）25. The young man is always energetic, and loves life, who has a _____ personalityA. lovelyB. livelyC. aliveD. living 二完形填空15分Everything lives with opposite forces. The same can be said about modern technology, such as __26___.At first glance, Internet __27___ us excitement and a world of promise. Frankly speaking, people who have some ideas of it ___28__ deny the merits（优点）born with the system. Forinstance, it can improve efficiency in scientific research, for __29___ it scientists and researchers can get a global look at the __30___ development in the field concerned and accordingly they need to spend __31__ time doing what has already been done. In view of personal communication, the most __32___ means could be peculiar to Internet, too.While people speak _33____ of Internet, its drawbacks（弊端）shouldn’t beneglected. Sometimes, a __34___ fatal breakdown of the system, or a disastrous ___35__ could bring us an enormous amount of damage and loss. Meanwhile, __36___ Internet’s replacement of books or the written wo rk as the main __37___ of information, human’s writing abilities are __38___. However, every country on this planet should work hard to develop the system to serve us __39__ efficiently and comfortably, __40__in the net all countries are interrelated.（）26. A. computer B. Internet C. network D. TV（）27. A. offers B. provides C. affords D. lets（）28. A. can B. may C. can not D. may not（）29. A. out of B. by means of C. in case of D. in honor of （）30. A. latest B. late C. later D. latter（）31. A. some B. few C. no D. more（）32. A. hard B. convenient C. different D. difficult （）33.A. highlyB. highC. lowD. lower（）34. A. no B. few C. more D. little（）35. A. errors B. mistakes C. error D. wrong（）36. A. with B. to C. for D. of（）37. A. resource B. source C. origin D. cause（）38. A. weaken B. weak C. weakened D. weakening （）39.A. moreB. betterC. lessD. best（）40. A. although B. because C. if D. as三阅读理解30分AWhat brings a nation together? Of the four choices—shared values, language, history, and religion, it’s shared values. In our latest poll (民意调査), sevenout of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor(因索）bringing a nation together, and six preferredlanguage. Both choices scored high in the poll,suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice.（）41. According to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringinga nation together?A. Language.B. Values.C. History.D. Religion.（）42.In which country did language score the lowest in their national pride?A. Canada.B. Mexico.C. France.D. America.（）43.According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in .A. AustraliaB. BrazilC. ChinaD. IndiaBThree Boys and a DadBrad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expectinga whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be like a wa lkin the park,”he’d told his wife. “I’ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”Things started well, but just after eight o’clock, his three little “good kids”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast, daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat（节拍）. Mike chanted “Where’s my toast, where’s my toast” in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy’s underwear on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes. Someone named “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.By ten o’clock, things were out of control. Alex wa s wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre (日托所）.“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?”The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.（）44. When his wife left home. Brad expected to .A. go out for a walk in the parkB. watch TV talk show with his childrenC. enjoy his first day off workD. read the newspaper to his children（）45. Which of the following did Randy do?A. Drawing on the wallB. Eating apple jamC. Feeding the fish.D. Reading in a room（）46.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?A. Because he wanted to clean up his house.B. Because he suddenly had to go to his officeC. Because he found it hard to manage his boys home.D. Because he had to take his wife back（）47. This text is developed .A. by spaceB. by comparisonC. by processD. by timeCEating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to b e of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.（）48. The text mainly discusses the relationship between .A. heart problems and air qualityB. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smokingD. heart problems and fatty food（）49. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. relatively highB. extremely lowC. relatively lowD. extremely high（）50. What can we learn from the text?A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.（）51. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .A. informB. persuadeC. describeD. entertainDSpring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and noserings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances? so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidatesimply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.（）52. Which of the fo llowing is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?A. People’s appearances carry m essages about themselves.B. Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.（）53. What can be inferred from the text?A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.（）54. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees MatterB. Personal Choices MatterC. Appearances MatterD. Hiring Managers Matter（）55. The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .A. enthusiasticB. negative C positive D. sympathetic四单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词,在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。