Differences between the multinational firm and the national
中美差异英语作文
China and the United States are two of the largest economies in the world,each with its own unique culture and way of life.When it comes to the differences between these two countries,there are many aspects to consider.Here are some of the most notable differences between China and the United States:nguage and Communication:The most obvious difference is the language.Chinese is the official language of China,while English is the primary language in the United States.This difference extends to communication styles,where Chinese culture tends to be more indirect and values harmony,while American culture is often more direct and values individual expression.cation System:The education systems in China and the U.S.are quite different.In China,education is highly competitive,with a strong emphasis on rote memorization and standardized testing,such as the Gaokao.The cation system is more flexible, with a focus on critical thinking,creativity,and a variety of assessment methods.3.Cultural Values:Chinese culture is deeply rooted in Confucianism,which emphasizes respect for elders,hierarchy,and social harmony.American culture,on the other hand,is often characterized by individualism,freedom,and the pursuit of personal goals.4.Economic Models:China has a socialist market economy with significant state control and intervention,while the U.S.has a capitalist economy with a strong emphasis on free markets and private enterprise.5.Political Systems:China is governed by the Communist Party of China,which maintains a oneparty system.The U.S.is a democratic republic with a system of checks and balances among the executive,legislative,and judicial branches.6.Social Structure:Family is central to Chinese society,with a strong emphasis on filial piety and the importance of family lineage.In the U.S.,the nuclear family is more common,and there is a greater emphasis on individual autonomy and personal achievement.7.Work Ethic:The Chinese work culture is known for its long hours and dedication, often with less emphasis on worklife balance.The American work culture values productivity and efficiency but also places importance on personal time and leisure.8.Legal Systems:China operates under a civil law system,which is based on written laws and codes.The U.S.follows a common law system,where decisions are based on judicial precedents and the interpretation of existing laws.9.Healthcare Systems:China has a mixed healthcare system with both public and private providers,while the U.S.has a predominantly private healthcare system with a complex mix of public and private insurance.10.Food and Cuisine:Chinese cuisine is diverse and regional,with an emphasis on fresh ingredients and a balance of flavors.American cuisine is a melting pot of influences,with a focus on convenience and variety,often featuring larger portion sizes.11.Holidays and Festivals:China celebrates many traditional festivals,such as the Spring Festival Chinese New Year and the MidAutumn Festival,which are deeply rooted in Chinese history and culture.The U.S.has a mix of national holidays,religious celebrations,and cultural events,such as Thanksgiving and Independence Day.12.Environmental Policies:China has been making significant efforts to address environmental issues,such as air pollution and water quality,through various policies and regulations.The U.S.has a history of environmental protection but has faced challenges in implementing and maintaining comprehensive environmental policies due to political and economic factors.These differences highlight the diversity and complexity of the two nations,each with its own strengths and challenges.Understanding these differences can lead to greater mutual respect and cooperation between the people of China and the United States.。
如何看待中西方教育文化差异英语作文
中西教育文化差异：一种多元视角的审视 **Western and Eastern Educational Differences: Examining from a Multicultural Perspective**In today's interconnected world, the differences between Eastern and Western education systems have become increasingly apparent. These differences are not just about methods or curricula, but extend to the underlying values, goals, and approaches to learning. Understanding these disparities is crucial for fostering global understanding and cultural harmony.Western education, often characterized by its emphasis on analytical thinking and critical reasoning, cultivates an environment where students are encouraged to question, challenge, and innovate. The focus is on developing individual skills and capabilities, with a strong emphasis on critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovation. The classroom is often student-centered, with teachers serving as facilitators rather than traditional authority figures. This approach fosters a culture of curiosity and inquiry, encouraging students to think outside the box and question existing knowledge.Contrastingly, Eastern education, particularly in Confucian-influenced cultures like China, emphasizes harmony, respect for authority, and collective learning.The focus is oncultivating virtues like humility, obedience, and respect for elders and teachers. The classroom is often teacher-centered, with a strong emphasis on discipline and order. Students are taught to value conformity and compliance, and to prioritize group goals over individual ones. This approach fosters a culture of respect and obedience, encouraging students to value social harmony and collective well-being.While these differences may seem stark, it's importantto recognize that both Eastern and Western education systems have their strengths and weaknesses. Western education, for example, may excel in fostering innovation and creativity, but it can also create a culture of competitiveness and individualism that can erode social cohesion. Eastern education, on the other hand, mayprioritize social harmony and collective well-being, but it can also stifle individuality and creativity.A more nuanced understanding of these differences reveals that they are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary. In an increasingly interconnected world, where problems are increasingly complex and require collaborative solutions, it is crucial that we learn to bridge the gaps between Eastern and Western education systems. This can be achieved by integrating the best of both worlds: fostering a culture of curiosity and inquiry while also valuing social harmony and collective well-being. Such an approach would involve encouraging students to question and challenge existing knowledge while also teaching them to respect authority and value conformity. It would involve fostering a classroom environment that isboth student-centered and teacher-centered, where students are encouraged to take ownership of their learning whilealso learning to collaborate and work together.In conclusion, the differences between Eastern and Western education systems are significant, but they should not be seen as barriers to understanding and progress. Instead, they should be viewed as opportunities for growth and development. By bridging the gaps between these twosystems, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious global educational landscape that fosters the development of well-rounded, responsible, and innovative citizens.**中西教育文化差异：一种多元视角的审视**在当今这个互联互通的世界里，东西方教育体系之间的差异愈发明显。
对中西方教育异同的看法英语作文
对中西方教育异同的看法英语作文Education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and societies. In today's interconnected world, there are many differences and similarities between the education systems in the East and the West. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, and understanding these differences can help us learn from each other and improve education globally.In the West, education is often seen as a way to foster creativity, critical thinking, and independent learning. Students are encouraged to think for themselves, question authority, and analyze information critically. The curriculum is typically more flexible, allowing students to choose subjects based on their interests and aptitudes. In addition, extracurricular activities are highly valued, as they help students develop social skills, leadership abilities, and teamwork.On the other hand, the education system in the East, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, tends to emphasize rote learning, discipline, and respect for authority. Students are expected to memorize vast amounts of information and perform well on standardized tests. The curriculum is often fixed, with little room for deviation or individual interests.However, there is a strong emphasis on hard work, perseverance, and academic achievement.Despite these differences, both systems have their strengths. Western education, with its focus on creativity and critical thinking, has produced many innovative thinkers and entrepreneurs. Silicon Valley, for example, is home to many successful tech companies founded by individuals who were encouraged to think outside the box. On the other hand, Eastern education, with its emphasis on discipline and hard work, has produced high achievers in fields like mathematics, science, and engineering.It is important to recognize that both systems have their weaknesses as well. In the West, there is often a lack of emphasis on basic skills like math, science, and languages. In the East, students may struggle with creativity, innovation, and problem-solving skills. Both systems could benefit from learning from each other and incorporating the best practices from both sides.One area where the East could learn from the West is in promoting creativity and critical thinking. By encouraging students to think independently, question authority, and pursue their passions, Eastern education systems could produce moreinnovative thinkers and problem solvers. In addition, incorporating more extracurricular activities and hands-on learning experiences could help students develop social skills and leadership abilities.Conversely, the West could learn from the East in instilling discipline, work ethic, and respect for authority. By emphasizing the importance of hard work, perseverance, and academic achievement, Western education systems could help students develop a strong foundation in basic skills and knowledge. Standardized tests could be used more effectively to measure student progress and identify areas for improvement.In conclusion, while there are many differences between the education systems in the East and the West, both have their strengths and weaknesses. By learning from each other and incorporating best practices from both sides, we can create a more balanced and effective education system that prepares students for success in the 21st century. Education is a universal right and a powerful tool for positive change, and by working together, we can ensure that all students have access to ahigh-quality education that empowers them to reach their full potential.。
Differences between the Chinese and American cultures 中美文化比较
摘要：中美文化有其共通之处，但也有很多的差异。
中国有着悠久的历史，经过长时间的文化积淀逐渐形成具有中国特色的传统文化。
美国虽然历史不长，但是美国文化已经成为世界的主流文化之一。
今天我们将从教育、宗教、饮食等方面来对比中美文化之间的异同，提高我们跨文化交际的能力。
关键字：中国，美国，文化异同，教育，宗教，饮食AbstractThere are some similarities between Chinese and American culture，but also kinds of differences。
China is a country that has a long history，in the long period cultural accumulation，the traditional culture with Chinese characteristics came into being。
Although the United S tates don’t have such a long history，American culture has become one of the mainstream culture in the world。
Today we’ll Compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and American cultures from three aspects:religion，education and food。
In this way，we can improve our ability of cross-culture communication。
Key words：China,America,similarities,differences,education,religion,food Differences between the Chinese and American culturesAs we know ,there are many differences between Chinese and American cultures. If we desire to learn about U.S or communicate with Americans in proper way ,it is necessary for us to know about cross-cultural communication. Cross-cultural communication (also referred to as intercultural communication) is a field of study that focus on how people from different cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures. Only if we are familiar with the similarities and differences can we avoid cultural conflicts and get along well with foreign friends. When you are conc erned about what you can do and what you can’t, your foreign friends will show respect for your national culture and there is no doubt that you can enhance the level of cross-culture communication .In the essay,I’ll talk about similarities and differences in three aspects between Chinese and American culture :religion ,food and festival.1.religionAmerica is remarkable now, as in the past,for its attachment to the principle of freedom of belief or disbelief . –The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States indicates that "Congress shall make no law establishing religion, orprohibit the free exercise thereof."So you can choose your indivisual relision.According to the research, The largest religion in the US is Christianity, practiced by the majority of the population (76% in 2008)；Speaking in general terms, the contemporary American is a Christian country. A research indicates that most Americans believe the existence of Santa Clous, Christ Jesus and angel even after they have received edu cation and become adults. It’s easy to see the ingrained status of Christianity in the United States of America. Christianity has the idea that people have original sin, because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and transmitted to their descendants, the result is that all mankind have sin. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. China is a multi-religious country, and Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christian are the main religions in the country. Incomplete statistics show that there are more than 100 million religious followers in China with over 85 000 religious sites, over 3000 religious groups and some 74 religious colleges. Chinese people also enjoy the freedom of religious belief according to law, and regular religious activities are protected by the Constitution. All religious believers and non-religious people in the country respect for each other in beliefs and customs and live together in harmonies. While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented. It’s quite different from the Christianity.2.foodGenerally speaking, we Chinese think food is very important to man. People often associate food with important holidays and the chance to meet distinguished guests. The Chinese food not only is very delicious and tasty but also very pleasing to your senses and many of dishes have very beautiful and fancy names. The Chinese have the food culture of our own which are quite different from westerners. In the west, people pay more attention to the nutrition of food rather than the looks of it. The cuisine and table manners are quite different from ours in a great extent.It is a very common practice we Chinese people say "Have you had your meal?" when they meeteach other around the time before or after meals. In fact, it is a kind of greeting to communicate with each other. But foreigners cannot understand that because they think why you ask me this. They tend to think you want to invite me to dinner or I am not rich enough to feed myself regularly but that is my business not yours. Chinese think food is very important and essential to people so it shows some care and concern about you. Very often it puzzles foreigners a lot that we ask and talk so much when we order our food in the restaurant. One reason is we ask what the food or the dish is and try to clarify it because you sometimes never know what the food is just according the name of the food until it is put on your table in the restaurant just. While most of western food has a simple and clear name and you know what it is when you hear the name. For instance, there is a traditional food call "fish and chips" in the UK. You see it is very obvious it is fried fish and potato chips. The reason for this in China is on the one hand to try to tell you the way it cooks such as cook, fry, grill and broil in the name and on the other it has beautiful good names so that you have a good imagination and association to let you have a good appetite.Generally speaking, we don't use much tableware when we have our meal in China. Mainly we have bowl, dishes, chopsticks and spoons, which we don't use very often. In serving English meals, they use so much tableware with different kinds and sizes. The Chinese do not know how to use them properly when they are invited to dinner in English family. For example there are different kinds of names for glasses in English, such as wine glass, cherry glass, brandy glass, beer glass, snifter glass, champion flute and high bowl. You can see tableware also show the food culture of different countries.cationUs’s higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, people's universal view will be: China's elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while US's education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. the Chinesestudents study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of 's education pays more attention to raise student's self-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but China's education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual. When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students donot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate student's study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action.Conclusion:Chinese culure is broad and profound,but American culture also has its unique and style.After learning this class,I have a general impression on American culture,there are quite differences between Chinese and American culture.I think that it’s beneficial to be familiar to this differences for our cross-cultual communication.References[1]Luther S.Luedtke<The Society and Culture of the United States>America:United States information Agency,2003[2]托马斯﹒里克纳《美式家庭——品质教育家长对策》海南：海南出版社，2001年(2)[3]章创生《美国爸爸中国爸爸——向美国家长学教子》重庆：重庆出版社，2011(6)[4]董小川《美国文化概论》.北京：人民出版社，2006[5]铁梅《道教——中国道家文化百科999问》青海：青海人民出版社，2012(1)[6]赵林《西方宗教文化》武昌：武汉大学出版社，2011年(6)[7]学晏《佛家与管理》北京：社会科学文献出版社，2012年(6)[8]徐怀启《古代基督教史》上海：上海人民出版社，2012（6）[9]（美）米拉德﹒丁.艾利克森《基督教神学导论》上海：人民出版社，2012（6）[10]李维冰《中国饮食文化概论》北京：中国商业出版社，2006（6）[11]美国饮食文化，/view/2143412.htm。
2023年专四语法题
2023年专四语法题1. She did her work ____ her manager had instructed.[A] as [B] until [C] when [D] though2. ____ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.[A] None [B] Both [C] Neither [D] All3. Have you ever been in a situation ____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A] by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where4. For some time now, world leaders ____ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.[A] had been pointing [B] have been pointing[C] were pointing [D] pointed5. We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ____ should make great differences in our life next summer.[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] they6. AIDS is said ____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.[A] being [B] to be [C] to have been [D] having been7. She managed to save ____ that she could out of her wages to help her brother.[A] how little money [B] so little money[C] such little money [D] what little money8. Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.[A] who [B] as [C] that [D] like9. The experiment requires more money than ____.[A] have been put in [B] being put in[C] has been put in [D] to be put in10. ____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.[A] Had it not been [B] Hadn't it been[C] Was it not [D] Were it not11. "What courses are you going to do next semester?" "I don't know. But it's about time ____ on something."[A] I'd decide [B] I decided[C] I decide [D] I'm deciding12. The police have offered a large ____ for information leading to therobber's arrest.[A] award [B] compensation[C] prize [D] reward13. I arrived at the airport so late that I ____ missed the plane.[A] only [B] quite [C] narrowly [D] seldom14. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ____.[A] unjustified [B] unjust [C] misguided [D] unaccepted15. The head of the Museum was ____ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.[A] promising [B] agreeing [C] pleasing [D] obliging16. The multinational corporation was making a take-over ____ for a property company.[A] application [B] bid [C] proposal [D] suggestion17. The party's reduced vote was ____ of lack of support for its policies.[A] indicative [B] positive [C] revealing [D] evident18. There has been a ____ lack of communication between the union and the management.[A] regretful [B] regrettable [C] regretting [D] regretted19. The teacher ____ expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.[A] confidentially [B] proudly[C] assuredly [D] confidently20. The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.[A] normal [B] average [C] usual [D] general21. The new colleague ____ to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.[A] confesses [B] declares [C] claims [D] confirms22. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few ____ from the novel.[A] pieces [B] essays [C] fragments [D] extracts23. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) ____ room in the hotels here.[A] empty [B] vacant [C] free [D] deserted24. The old couple will never ____ the loss of their son.[A] get over [B] get away [C] get off [D] get across25. Scientific research results can now be quickly ____ to factory production.[A] used [B] applied [C] tried [D] practiced【参照答案】：1-5：ACBB A 6-10：CDB CA 11-15：B DCAD 16-20：B A BDB 21-25：CD BA B1．答案：A【参照译文】她按照经理旳指示办事。
Cultural Differences Between the United Kingdom and the United States
Cultural Differences Between the United Kingdom and the United StatesAfter I learnt the two parts of The Society and Culture of Major English-speaking Countries, I realized that there are many differences of the culture from one country to the other. The two strongest countries in the books are the United Kingdom and the United States. So I want to talk about the cultural differences between the two countries.Culture contains many fields, such as history, education, politics and literature. In our daily life, we can easily find that people comes from different region have different accent, dress style, interests and even world outlook. That is because the cultural effects. So learn the culture of other countries can help us derive advantages from them, thus, we can improve our own in a faster way.1. First field is the politics.1) The United Kingdom:The essence of the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy country. Although the monarch is still persisted to represent the head of the state and has real power in exceptional circumstances, the rights of them can not exceed the constitution. The powers of the reigning head of state have gradually dwindled since King Charles I was beheaded in 1649 following the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Today, the monarch's role is largely ceremonial and mostly restricted to state functions and appearing on stamps and banknotes. But the monarch still retains formal powers and opens parliament each year. The UK has no written constitution. Instead the country's electoral system is based on a series of parliamentary acts dating back to the 17th century, when men wore the sort of tights and wigs still donned on ceremonial occasions by some officials of the Houses of Parliament. A general election is when voters nationwide choose lawmakers who will sit in the House of Commons, the lower chamber which initiates and approves legislation. An election must take place, by law, at least every five years. That said, governments can call an election at any time during their term. They could also be forced into an election if they lose a majority of lawmakers in the Commons. Who calls an election? The starting gun in a general election is traditionally fired when the prime minister travels to Buckingham Palace to ask the queen, the UK's head of state, to dissolve parliament by royal proclamation. An election must then take place within weeks. Since 1979, elections have been held between April and June. It is customary for an election to be held on a Thursday. The vote is conducted through the "first past the post"system whereby the candidate in each constituency with the most votes wins the seat.The job of parliament is to make laws, scrutinize the actions of the government and debate issues of the day. The Commons -- which has green benches -- currently consists of 650 directly elected lawmakers known as Members of Parliament or MPs who each represent a geographical constituency. The upper house, the Lords -- which has red benches -- is mostly appointed by the government with members serving for life. Its main duty is to vote on legislation passed by the Commons and, when necessary, to send it back for further debate. In certain circumstances the government can force through legislation passed by the Commons but rejected by the Lords. V oters do not elect the prime minister, or head of government, directly. Rather, they vote to elect a candidate representing a particular party to serve as their local MP. The leader of the party which wins the most seats is then asked by the Queen to form a government. The leader of the second largest party in the Commons becomes the "Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition." MPs are elected by a plurality, rather than a majority, of votes. This means that a party can win a majority of seatsin the Commons without achieving an overall majority in the overall popular vote. In fact, because there are three main parties in the UK it is extremely rare for a party to win an outright majority. Strictly speaking, the United Kingdom is not a federal country, but recent years it has set up decentralization organizations in Scotland and Wales. The legislation and judicature have great differences with Scotland and Northern Ireland, meanwhile, the law between Scotland and England is quite different either.2) The United StatesThe government of the United States of America is the federal government of the constitutional republic of fifty statesthat constitute the United States, as well as one capitol district, and several other territories.The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive and judic ial, which powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, respectively; the powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.Under the U.S. Constitution, the national representation of territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C., in Congress is limited: residents of the District of Columbia are subject to federal laws and federal taxes, but their only congressional representative is a non-voting delegate. Residents of U.S. territories have varying rights; for example, only some residents of Puerto Rico pay federal income taxes (though all residents must pay all other federal taxes, including import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes and federal payroll taxes, including Social Security and Medicare). All federal laws that are "not locally inapplicable" are automatically the law of the land in Puerto Rico but their current representation in the U.S. Congress is in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate.HISTORY1) Americans are outwardly very friendly, they will talk to strangers in a store, laugh with someone at a bar, and help their neighbours in a pinch. That said, many ex-pats have reported difficulty in making 'really close friends' like they had back in the UK. The friendliness is only on the surface, so many report.2) Americans generally do not like / 'get' satire. Some ex-pats claim "they just don't understand it" while many Americans thinkit "is just a waste of time by those who have nothing substantive to say." Satirical comments in the workplace are almost always misunderstood, and generally not done in social settings either.3) Many Americans are very family-oriented (at least those with families). Family life is an endless parade of school musicals, extracurricular sports, birthday parties and the like. Many new ex-pats report exhaustion trying to keep up with all the things to do with the kids when they come to the states.4) The majority of Americans have never been abroad. They may have heard of Spain but have no clue about Ibiza for example. American media does not speak much about Europe, let alone the rest of the world, and the issues facing 'Brussels' and the 'EU' are of absolutely no interest whatsoever to 99.999% of Americans (in fact, polls indicated that a majority has negative feelings toward the UN). On the converse, the United States is a huge country. You could fit most of Europe in only 1/2 of the area of the United States. If you want a more direct comparison--the entire land mass of the United Kingdom could fit within the state of Michigan. Go look at a map of the US to get an idea. Many Americans feel they simply haven't seen enough of their own country to warranttravelling abroad to see another country. Just as Americans are made fun of for not seeing the world, many ex-pats are ridiculed for seeing only New York and Florida or other large 'tourist' cities without seeing the vast expanses in between.To add, many people just don't get enough holiday time to make it financially worthwhile travelling abroad, with holiday - "vacation" time often being as low as 7-10 days a year, and in some instances that includes sick days, the norm being that you have worked for a year before really getting any holiday entitlement...because of that, you'll see a live to work rather than a work to live outlook on life.5) Most Americans are 'hyphenated-Americans' and proud to boast of Scottish or Irish or German or Italian ancestry, even if it has been centuries since anyone in their family lived overseas. It is said that Europeans do genealogy to prove who they are whereas Americans do it to see who they were and what they've become. Many Americans like to remember this not because 'they like the Old Country' but they like to show that their family was once immigrants who dreamed of a better life 'in America'. By pointing out that fact (and hopefully living a good and successfullife), many feel they are honouring and meeting their ancestors wishes and dreams.6) Americans will joke about English people's teeth, for what it is worth. If you ever get into an insult match, expect some dentistry comments. Monty Python and the 'Killer Rabbit' with 'Big Gnarly Teeth' is as much to blame as any British dentist.7) Making friends can be daunting. While for someone in their 20s they can reach out to folks who are also 'just starting out' and eventually form some lifelong bonds, for some who are older, in their 30s and 40s, with kids and a family and their own way of doing things, meeting others can be difficult. Some put it down to Americans being somewhat cold to newcomers, but others note that the older you go, the harder it becomes to make friends in nearly every culture. Don't expect that the people you meet in your first few months are going to be as close as the ones you went to school and university with back in the UK. It will take time, and as it was back in the UK, cannot be rushed.本篇文章来源于外语爱好者网站() 转载请以链接形式注明出处网址：/syy/hyyy/201008/19298.html。
英语作文 - 怎样看待中外文化差异Cultural Differences
How to View Cultural Differences between China and Foreign CountriesCulture is a complex and multifaceted concept that includes language, customs, traditions, and beliefs. Cultural differences between China and foreign countries are inevitable due to their unique histories, social structures, and value systems. Therefore, it is essential to view these differences with an open mind and respect for diversity.Firstly, it is important to recognize that cultural differences are not inherentlygood or bad. They are simply different expressions of the human experience. What may be considered normal or appropriate in one culture may be seen as strange or offensive in another. Rather than making judgments based on our own cultural norms, we should strive to understand and appreciate the differences that exist.Secondly, we should approach differences with curiosity and a desire to learn. By understanding and appreciating other cultures, we can broaden our own perspectives and gainnew insights into the human experience. We can also develop empathy and respect for those who may be different from ourselves.In addition, it is important to avoid stereotypes and generalizations about different cultures. Each culture is unique and diverse, with its own history, traditions, and values. When we reduce cultures to simplistic stereotypes, we miss out on the richness and complexity that makes them truly fascinating.Moreover, it is essential to approachcultural differences with respect and sensitivity. We should be mindful of our own behavior and language, and avoid acting in ways that may be disrespectful or offensive to others. By demonstrating respect for other cultures, we can promote cross-cultural understanding and communication.In conclusion, cultural differences between China and foreign countries are a natural and inevitable part of our globalized world. By approaching these differences with an open mind, curiosity, respect, and sensitivity, we can learn toappreciate the rich diversity of the human experience and promote cross-cultural understanding.较难的单词：- Multifaceted [ˌmʌltiˈfæsɪtɪd]：多方面的- Expressions [ɪkˈsprɛʃənz]：表现，表达- Norms [nɔːrmz]：规范，标准- Generalizations [ˌdʒenərəlaɪˈzeɪʃənz]：概括，归纳- Sensitivity [ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvəti]：敏感性，灵敏度如何看待中外文化差异文化是一个复杂而多方面的概念，包括语言、习俗、传统和信仰等方面。
the rise of multinational阅读解析
the rise of multinational阅读解析
以下是对《the rise of multinational》这篇阅读材料的解析：
文章主要讨论了跨国公司的兴起、全球营销、新兴通信技术以及不断缩小的文化差异，导致全球公共关系（PR）得到了空前的发展。
然而，由于现代PR在很大程度上是美国人的发明，所以美国在PR方面受到了来自其他国家的威胁。
文章分析了美国在全球PR竞赛中落后的原因。
首先，美国人总体上比较保守，对当地事务更感兴趣。
例如，美国人的世界地理知识一直比较薄弱。
其次，与欧洲和亚洲的同行相比，美国人掌握第二语言的能力较差。
美国的博雅公关公司和奥美公关公司中，只有不到5%的员工会两种语言，而一些欧洲公司则有一半或更多的员工能流利地使用第二语言。
最后，在海外从事PR工作的人往往密切关注国际事务。
例如，在金融公关领域，大多数美国人阅读《华尔街日报》，而他们的欧洲同行则不仅阅读《华尔街日报》，还阅读《伦敦金融时报》和《经济学人》等在美国不常读的出版物。
文章最后提到，CNN的特德·特纳最近宣布，不再在CNN的新闻广播中使用“外国”一词。
他认为，全球通信已经使世界各国变得如此相互依赖，以至于不再有所谓的“外国”。
这篇阅读材料反映了全球公共关系的发展趋势，以及美国在这一领域面临的挑战和机遇。
通过对这些问题的探讨，人们可以更好地理解跨国公司和全球PR的作用和影响。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Different shareholding structures Enterprise growth stage
Generally speaking, when enterprise is in growth, initial margins for any party shareholding proportions discretion is little affected the absolute profit value. But arrived at maturity, corporate profit margins is higher, equity ratio have a great influence on ultimate profit segmentation. therefore, some multinational companies in its early period of the joint venture, and choice in the maturity owned.
Different shareholding structures
History factor
Different countries of the multinational company shareholding structure are different. U.S. companies have preferred to establish wholly-owned subsidiary, "full" participation in the international market, Other countries of multinational companies in into foreign markets, traditionally, adopt more flexible method, not too tend to insist on own all equity forms of subsidiaries. For example, Japan and Western Europe with American multinational enterprises, often compared to accept corporate equity or different from all other forms of majority stakes, thereforeeting-economies
Macroeconomic environment mainly refers to the host country's economic development stage and level of development, economic system and market system, income levels, budgetary, trade and balance of payments and so on. stage of economic development and level of development the economic system and market system income level balance the budget and financial situation of the scale trade and balance of payments
Different shareholding structures System factor
Host country investments' risks and host governments to equity ratio control degree also influence multinational firms to foreign subsidiary equity structure of choice. Host country investment risks mainly include economic risk and political risk, and host of the credibility and so on. Investment risk size and economic, political stability into reverse relationship.
The composition of multinational corporations
The foreign branch is the branch of multinational corporations in host countries, and its ownership of all of the parent, not a separate legal entity, nor their company name and constitution, production and business activities are directly controlled by the parent company.
Different shareholding structures Transaction cost
multinational companies that by raising equity ratio can possess, to solve the high cost of internal trade problem caused by information asymmetry, market failure and the opportunism behavior.
Different countries
Different people Different languages Different geographies Different histories
Different cultures
Understand and respect cultural differences are professional managers to adapt to the indispensable key multinational management.
.
The parent company Foreign subsidiaries The foreign branch Tax haven company
The composition of multinational corporations
The parent company, is the major source of capital for multinational corporations based in the headquarters of the country. It is registered in the home country government enterprise legal person, is responsible for organizing and managing all worldwide production and business activities. Usually taken to have subsidiaries in the form of shares or options to control production and business activities of subsidiaries.
Differences between the multinational firm and the national firm
——From an accounting point of view
What’s a MNC?
MNC(multinational corporation )is a business firm incorporated in one country that has production and sales operations in several other countries.
Different shareholding structures
Multinational companies in facing these shareholding structures choose depends on how the following factors:
history factor transaction cost system factor enterprise growth stage .
Differences between the multinational firm and the national firm
Different countries(Root cause ) Different shareholding structures Different marking-economies Different governance principles(Direct influence )
Different shareholding structures
Wholly-owned(>=95%)
shareholding structure
the majority ownership (51% ~ 94%) equivalence ownership (50%) minority ownership(<=49%)
The composition of multinational corporations
Tax haven company, also known as "paper company" refers to the multinational corporations in order to obtain transfer pricing, preferential tax rates and other interest in the name of the legal ownership of the goods or services attributable to companies based in tax havens. Qualifications of tax havens have a low tax or tax, abolition of exchange controls, capital accumulation on the business without restriction, good transportation and communication facilities, are generally not engaged in substantive business activities, such as Panama, Hong Kong, Switzerland.