中国传统文化专题

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2024届高考一轮复习历史课件(部编版):中国古代的优秀传统文化

2024届高考一轮复习历史课件(部编版):中国古代的优秀传统文化
多样性 也形成具有自己民族特色的文化,这些区域文化和民族文化的交融, 共同汇成了博大精深的中华文化
拓展深化
中华文明对于人们在相貌、语言、服饰、习俗等方面的差异, 表现出了很强的包容心态,中华文明容纳了外部传入的佛教、 包容性 基督教等宗教,吸收了许多外来的文化元素,包括哲学思想、 话语体系、制度形式和文学艺术 以中原族体和文化为中心,周边边疆族体和文化不断与中原 文化交流汇聚,使中原文化不断丰富,族体不断壮大;中原 凝聚性 文化和族体也不断向边疆扩散,大量的人力资源和科学技术 输送到边疆,中原与边疆互相交流,逐渐形成和发展为共同 的中华文化和中华民族共同体
世等产生了一定的消极影响
2.西学东渐 (1)明末:意大利人_利__玛__窦__等带来天文、地理、数学等方面的新知识; 《几何原本》《泰西水法》等西方科学著作相继被译介到中国。 (2)清初:17世纪,清政府任命汤若望、南怀仁等主持钦天监工作,并招 揽数学、医学、天文等方面的人才来到中国。
图解历史
近代“西学东渐”
三、中华优秀传统文化的特点和价值 1.特点
本土性 多样性 _包__容__性__ 凝聚性 连续性
本国风情,地域特征 博大精深,丰富多彩,领域广阔 博采众长,兼收并蓄,积极吸纳外来文化 是中华民族共同文化特质的体现
绵延不绝,传承至今
思维点拨
中华优秀传统文化的其他特点 (1)具有极其强烈而又丰富的爱国主义思想。 (2)以儒家思想为核心的实用伦理文化。 (3)具有浓厚的思辨传统,强调理性和智慧。 (4)具有独特的审美意识和人文精神。 (5)重视礼治,强调社会的和谐发展。 (6)农耕性:是封闭的生态环境条件下,农业为主的自然经济的产物。
化相融合。
收了佛教的理念,更加注重境界的表达。

中国传统文化的八大类详细介绍

中国传统文化的八大类详细介绍

古文、民族戏剧、酒令、国画、对联、书法、灯谜、歇后语都是我国主要传统文化,这些文化是中华民族文明重要的组成部分,具有鲜明的民族特色,是中华民族世世代代思想文化、观念形态的总体表征。

1、古文
古文是我国传统文化八大类之一,指的是历史上各个朝代出现的不同文字。

2、民族戏剧
我国有56个民族,各个民族都有极具特色的民族戏剧。

比较典型的有京剧、越剧、黄梅戏、采茶戏、豫剧等。

3、酒令
酒令是我国重要的民间风俗之一,是在酒席上的一种游戏,可以起到助兴的作用,在游戏中违令者会被罚酒,所以又被叫做“行令饮酒”。

4、国画
国画是我国独有的绘画形式,是用毛笔蘸取水、墨、彩在绢或纸上作画的一种绘画方法,在国外又被叫做“中国画”。

5、对联
对联也叫做楹联或对子,是我国的传统文化之一,对联的特点是对仗工整、平仄协调,是我国独有的语言艺术形式。

6、书法
我国书法是一门古老的文字书写艺术形式,最早起源于汉代,观摩书法可以从侧面反映出书写者的精神、气质、学识和修养。

7、灯谜
灯谜是我国传统文化中一门综合性艺术,最早出现在夏代,是以歌谣形式来暗示某种事物的表达方法。

8、歇后语
歇后语是汉语独有的语言表达形式,它结合了数千年来劳动人民生活中的经历,有着鲜明的民族特色以及幽默风趣、耐人寻味的特点。

4专题四 文化自信——中国优秀传统文化

4专题四 文化自信——中国优秀传统文化

随堂达标检测
2.(2023·广西)在“5·18国际博物馆日”到来之际,志愿者小明参与了市 博物馆一个展区的布展。根据下列图片,推断这一展区的主题是 ( D )
A.泽被天下的农业 C.四通八达的交通
B.灿若星辰的文坛 D.光耀千古的科技
随堂达标检测
3.(2023·东莞模拟)谚语是我国传统文化的组成部分,“小满暖洋洋,锄 麦种杂粮。过了小满十日种,十日不种一场空”体现了先民 ( A ) A.强调不误农时 B.主张种植水稻 C.关注农具革新 D.重视因地制宜
随堂达标检测
材料二 2005年8月18日,香港发行的四枚“中国古代四大发明”特 别邮票。
随堂达标检测
(2)观察上图并结合所学,请选择其中你感兴趣的两项发明,分析其对世界 历史发展所产生的积极影响。(4分) [答案]造纸术促进了文化的传播与发展,影响了世界文明的进程,是中国 对世界的伟大贡献;印刷术对人类文明的发展产生了重大影响;指南针大 大促进了世界远洋航海技术的发展;火药对欧洲的火器制造和作战方式 产生巨大影响,推动了欧洲社会的变革。 (任答两点即可,4分)
反对空谈仁义,强调以法治国,树立君主的权 法家 韩非 战国末期
威,建立中央集权专制统治
随堂达标检测
1.(2023·泸州)西汉司马迁撰写的《史记》,内容上起黄帝,下至汉武帝, 涉及社会的各方面,不虚美、不隐恶,真实、生动地再现了3000多年的 历史,被誉为“实录”。这反映出司马迁 ( C ) A.守卫国家的爱国情怀 B.以民为本的治国理念 C.秉笔直书的史家素养 D.个性浪漫的创作风格
教材知识归纳
3.指南针 (1)发展历程:①战国时,制成指南工具——司南;②北宋时,制成指南针, 并开始应用于航海事业。 (2)影响:大大促进了世界远洋航海技术的发展。 (3)传播:阿拉伯商人将指南针传到阿拉伯国家,后又传到欧洲。

中国古代传统文化

中国古代传统文化

古 代 传 统
青 铜 器


是商朝青铜器的代表作, 是目前世界上已发现的 出土最大的青铜器。
四羊方尊
青铜立人像
祖冲之,南朝,首次将圆周率
数 学
的计算精确到小数点后第7位,
比欧洲早1010000多多年年。。



科 技
张仲景,东东汉汉,,《《伤伤寒寒杂杂病病论论》》,,对对 中医学的发展产生了广泛而深远影响,

铜 器


大 工 程
大 发 明
技 名 著








专题梳理 是_学派的创始人,大思想家、大教育家。

孔子
思想:提出_的学说;主张“爱人”“为政以德”,“以礼
治教国育”:主张___、___

中 国
老子:是_学派的创始人,认为一切事物都有对立面,对 立的双方互相转化。
古 代 传
思 想

文 化 战 百家

医圣。
传 统 文 化

学 华佗,东汉,“麻沸散”,是世界上 最 最早早用用全全身身麻麻醉醉方方法法做做手 手术 术的 的医 医生 生, , 神 神医医。。
李时珍,明明朝朝,,《《本本草草纲纲目目》》是是我我国国医
医药药学学宝宝库库中中的的珍珍贵贵遗遗产产,,被被誉誉为为“东
“方东医方学医巨学典巨”典”


汉字演变的历程

文 化文
代 传
字 甲骨文 金文 小篆



草书
行书
隶书 楷书
书 王羲之:东晋,代表作《兰亭 法 序》,有“天下第一行书:的的美美誉”,

中国传统文化(优秀9篇)

中国传统文化(优秀9篇)

中国传统文化(优秀9篇)中国传统文化(优秀9篇)中国传统文化篇一我国是一个有着丰富文化底蕴的国家,其中也不乏有很多的传统节日,如春节、元宵节、清明节、中秋节……今天我就给大家说说端午节。

为什么端午节会在每年的阴历五月初五过呢?那是因为我国古代伟大的政治家、思想家屈原在这一天遭人迫害,被迫投江而死,人们为了纪念他,就将他投江死亡的这日定为“端午日”。

在我国,端午节这天有很多的民间习俗,包粽子是大家最喜欢的习俗,这天,一家人会围坐在一起包粽子,有说有笑,其乐融融,粽子熟了,大家又会坐在一起吃粽子,香喷美味的粽子香飘满了屋;赛龙舟也是我国端午节传统的节目,亲朋好友相伴而行,到江边观看龙舟比赛,看,一艘龙舟快速的驶过来了,激起了江边观赛人的热情,大家为它鼓掌加油。

在我的家乡,每到端午节,每家每户还会准备一些艾草,插在大门和窗户上,我问奶奶“为什么要在门上插草呢?”奶奶说“这是咱这的习俗,插上艾草,蚊虫蛇蚁就会远离咱家,让咱家人都健健康康的。

”家里有小孩的,还会给小孩的衣服上挂上做的“五毒葫芦”,祈求保佑孩子健康。

这些虽然只是一些习俗,但却在我们家乡形成了一种文化。

端午节虽然只是众多节日中的一个,却给我们带来了欢乐,也让我增长了知识,愿端午节的传统文化能够继续传承。

中华文化对世界面临难题的启示篇二中华文化的当代意义不仅在于对中华民族生命发展具有重要性,对当代中国社会建设具有重要性,从人类生活面临的矛盾冲突也可进一步了解中华文化的价值所在和当代意义。

当代人类生活面临着五大冲突急需解决,即人与自然、人与社会、人与他人、人与自我(心灵)、文明与文明的矛盾冲突,这些矛盾冲突有史以来一直不同程度地存在,但现代性的展开加剧了这些矛盾,冲突日趋紧张,已经成为世界的难题。

人们已经越来越认识到,仅靠西方现代性的价值是不可能解决这些矛盾、化解这些冲突的。

有识之士把眼光转向包括中华文明在内的其他文明。

中华文化的“天人合一”,关注人与自然的和谐,有利于化解人与自然的紧张;“忠恕之道”秉承己所不欲,勿施于人的精神,有利于处理人与人的矛盾冲突;“和而不同”的态度有利于处理不同文明之间的关系;“群己合一”之道有利于解决个人与社会的矛盾。

中国100种传统文化介绍

中国100种传统文化介绍

中国100种传统文化介绍中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富传统文化的国家。

在这个广袤的土地上,孕育着各种各样独特而深厚的传统文化。

下面将介绍中国100种传统文化。

1. 中国书法:中国书法是中国传统文化的瑰宝之一,以其独特的艺术形式和深远的内涵而闻名于世。

2. 中国绘画:中国绘画历史悠久,具有独特的艺术风格和表现手法,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

3. 中国音乐:中国音乐源远流长,包括古代宫廷音乐、民间音乐以及戏曲音乐等多种形式。

4. 中国舞蹈:中国舞蹈形式多样,包括古典舞蹈、民间舞蹈以及少数民族舞蹈等,每种舞蹈都有其独特的风格和特点。

5. 中国戏剧:中国戏剧有着悠久的历史,包括京剧、豫剧、越剧等多种戏曲形式。

6. 中国杂技:中国杂技是一种集体艺术形式,包括各种技巧和表演形式,展示了中国人民的智慧和创造力。

7. 中国武术:中国武术历史悠久,包括太极拳、剑术、刀术等多种武术形式,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

8. 中国茶艺:中国茶艺是中国传统文化的重要表现形式,通过泡茶和品茶的过程,展示了中国人的礼仪和文化修养。

9. 中国园林:中国园林是一种独特的艺术形式,融合了自然景观和人工构筑,展示了中国人对自然的热爱和追求。

10. 中国建筑:中国建筑具有独特的风格和特点,包括古代宫殿、庙宇、园林等,是中国传统文化的重要代表。

11. 中国服饰:中国传统服饰包括汉服、唐装、民族服装等多种形式,展示了中国人的审美和文化传统。

12. 中国瓷器:中国瓷器以其精美的工艺和独特的装饰而闻名于世,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

13. 中国剪纸:中国剪纸是一种传统手工艺,通过剪纸艺术展示了中国人的创造力和艺术才华。

14. 中国刺绣:中国刺绣是一种精湛的手工艺,通过刺绣艺术展示了中国人的细腻和精神追求。

15. 中国民间故事:中国民间故事包括神话传说、寓言故事等,通过故事的形式传递了中国人的智慧和价值观念。

16. 中国传统节日:中国传统节日包括春节、端午节、中秋节等多种形式,是中国人民传统文化的重要组成部分。

专题12 中国传统文化(一)20篇-热点话题试题精选

专题12 中国传统文化(一)20篇-热点话题试题精选

专题12 中国传统文化(一)20篇(2023上·河北石家庄·九年级石家庄市第四十一中学校考期中)The Chinese Pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term Pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning.As time passes by, it has been made into different sizes with colourful paintings. On screens usually appears a dragon. It stands for nobility(高贵)and power. The crane(仙鹤), a beautiful bird, can be seen on screens, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting(长生的)life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the Pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes.Behind Pingfeng lies a beautiful story. In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit, however, she might take a secret look at him from a screen behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father gratified the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband.Today Pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical(实际的)use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match(相配)for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them.Pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture.1.What was Pingfeng used for at the very beginning?A.Protecting people from wind. B.Dividing a room.C.Making a room beautiful. D.Hiding a person.2.How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2?A.By telling a story. B.By raising questions.C.By giving examples. D.By explaining the result.3.The underlined word “gratified”in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.A.were excited about B.were satisfied with C.were worried aboutD.were nervous about4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The Chinese Pingfeng can date from the Song Dynasty.B.The crane is a symbol of wealth and good luck.C.In the past, the unmarried daughter shouldn’t be seen by men.D.The Chinese Pingfeng can match the modern sofas and walls.5.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Practical Use of the PingfengB.A Beautiful Story of the PingfengC.The Hidden Beauty of the PingfengD.Different Designs of the Pingfeng(2023上·广东深圳·九年级万科城实验学校校考期中)You must have read or heard of the sad love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. But can you imagine the two singing opera in English instead of speaking poetic Chinese?Jia and Lin are two characters from the classic Chinese novel A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦》), written by Cao Xueqin (1715-1763). Now the book has been made into an English-language opera. After being performed in San Francisco, US, the performance came to Beijing, Changsha and Wuhan in 2017.Many of the opera’s creators have backgrounds in both Chinese and American cultures, including the director and playwrights (剧作家). Their understanding of both cultures helped them change a Chinese classic into a foreign-language opera.The book, which covers the rise and fall of the Jia family, has 120 chapters and hundreds of characters. But opera writer David Henry Hwang cut down the number of characters to just seven. Hwang, a Chinese-American, focused on the love story between Jia and Lin and tried to write a heartbreaking tragedy that everyone would understand.The art director Timmy Yip, from Hong Kong, tried to help foreign people understand the characters using costumes and stage settings. He compared Lin to water and gave her a light green costume. When Lin showed up on stage, there was usually water around her on the stage.The creators considered it to be a meaningful job to introduce a Chinese classic to Westen audiences. Hwang told China Daily he was happy to “have made a contribution to the land where my parents were born.”6.Where was the opera first performed?A.In Beijing. B.In Changsha. C.In San Francisco, US. D.In Wuhan.7.What do we know about A Dream of Red Mansions from Paragraph 4?A.It is mainly about the rise and greatness of the Qing Dynasty.B.It tells the happy-ending love story between Jia and Lin.C.The book has seven characters in total.D.The book is long and rich in characters.8.Why did the art director use water around Lin?A.To help the audience better understand Lin’s character.B.To make the stage more beautiful and attractive.C.To show the importance of water in Chinese culture.D.To suggest the sad ending of Lin and Jia.9.What do creators of the opera think of their job?A.Difficult and unbelievable. B.Stressful and tough.C.Painful and challenging. D.Meaningful and satisfying.10.What is the best title of this passage?A.The Classic Chinese Novel A Dream of Red MansionsB.Change a Chinese Classic into a Foreign-language NovelC.Chinese Classic Made into an English-language OperaD.A Famous Love Story Introduced to China(2023上·安徽滁州·九年级统考期中)“Chinese New Year is a seven-day celebration, and the beautiful thing I like is the way we put up fu outside. We change the direction, which means that fu has already come.”Rajni Aggarwal, from India, running an Indian restaurant in Hangzhou, seems to know everything about it. Actually, nowadays more and more foreigners like Chinese traditional culture. The video Hello! Spring Festival! by China Daily tells us what the Spring Festival is like in some foreigners’eyes.Barbara, a German designer who is running a children’s wear brand in Shenyang, is full of praise for Chinese food, especially yuanxiao. “We always prepare some handmade lanterns to celebrate the Lantern Festival.”She added, “This year for Chinese New Year I gave out some special hongbao, but the most important thing is the money inside.”Zhang Luka from Italy is the spreader of Chinese chili and delicious food. He told us what his first experience with the Spring Festival was like. “At that time, I saw everyone leaving, taking big bags and going back home. All of a sudden, the university was empty, all the restaurants were closed and waimai was pretty tough to order as well. What an unbelievable story! Luckily, after the first year, I got to meet many Chinese friends and enjoyed the holidays in a Chinese way. That was the opportunity for me to really get close to Chinese culture.”11.Why does the Indian woman change the direction of fu?A.Because it can bring her more good luck.B.Because she thinks it is very interesting and traditional.C.Because it means fu has already come.D.Because she doesn’t know anything about Chinese tradition.12.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.fu. B.The Spring Festival. C.The restaurant. D.The video. 13.What does the underlined word “opportunity”mean?A.Chance. B.Luck. C.Tradition. D.Praise.14.According to the passage, which sentence is TRUE?A.Rajni Aggarwal is running an Italian restaurant in Hangzhou.B.Barbara always makes some lanterns to celebrate the Lantern Festival.C.Zhang Luka felt it was very usual when he saw everyone leaving.D.There was no money in the hongbao that Barbara gave out.(2023上·福建厦门·九年级厦门一中校考期中)“No building comes without carvings (雕刻), and carvings make buildings more valuable,”goes an old saying in Minnan, an area in southern Fujian Province. The saying refers to brick (砖) carvings, which were an important feature of the old red brick buildings in the area.Wu Jiandong, a young master brick carver from Fujian’s Quanzhou City, became worried when he discovered that this tradition was disappearing. The carvings were once commonly found on either side of the main entrance of Minnan’s buildings, but with development, the number of ancient red brick buildings has decreased, causing Minnan’s brick carvings have gradually been out of sight.The 42-year-old has learned the traditional technique and decided to combine it with modern tastes to develop his own style of brick carving. Wu said that he hoped to be able to help the traditional art form continue through innovation (创新).People in Minnan love tea, so Wu created a series of carved brick tea decorations, including tea plates, cup holders, pot holders and other items. They have been warmly received by local people and foreign visitors.Earlier this year, an art piece with a swallow tail ridge (燕尾形屋脊) and a bright moon was bought by an overseas Chinese man from the Philippines. The customer told Wu that he would hang the pendant in his office as a reminder of the buildings and the moon of his hometown.Wu’s works are now more popular among people, and this helps him to pass down the tradition and further develop his pieces, and the popularity of short videos has also given him new hopes of promoting (推广) Minnan brick carvings.Recently, he has designed a DIY brick carving experience box called Wei Yu Huan Xi (or “Only You are Happy”). “I hope that more young people will make their own pieces with the knife and red brick in the box, and enjoy a sense of achievement through my video,”Wu said. 15.The writer mentioned the saying at the beginning to ________.A.attract more people to visit MinnanB.give advice on developing brick carvingsC.introduce an area in southern Fujian ProvinceD.show the importance of brick carvings in Minnan16.The underlined word “it”in paragraph 3 probably refers to (指的是) ________.A.innovation B.the traditional techniqueC.brick carving D.the style17.We can infer from the fifth paragraph that ________.A.Wu’s most customers came from abroadB.the pendant of brick carving has become popularC.Wu’s brick pieces are warmly received all over the worldD.brick carvings could be a comfort to homesick overseas Chinese18.How did Wu feel about his brick art pieces?A.Hopeful. B.Worried. C.Disappointed. D.Surprised.19.What might be the best title for this passage?A.The history of Minnian’s brick carvings.B.The ancient red brick buildings in Minnan.C.Minnan’s brick carving art is coming back.D.An artist with his own style of brick carvings.(2023上·重庆沙坪坝·九年级重庆一中校考期中)Hey, there! Do you know which gift becomes the most popular one to be sent by Chinese? Of course, Chinese knot! With the Chinese cultural development all around the world, when Chinese people go abroad for business or study, they may choose a Chinese knot as a gift to their foreign friends, which makes it widely spread in the world.The Chinese knot is a beautiful handmade art work that began as a traditional art in Tang and Song Dynasties, and became popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is named according to its different shapes, usages and origins (起源). The Treasure Knot, for example, is with the appearance of “Yuanbao”. The Torx Knot looks like “meihua”which is a kind of beautiful flower. The Kingdee Knot is in a shape of a golden butterfly, and can you believe, there is a knot called the Wukong Knot which comes from the Incantation of the Goden Hoop (紧箍咒) of Monkey King.There are two main processes in making a Chinese knot, naming tying (打结) knots, and shaping. The ways of knot-tying are fixed, but the shaping skill is not always staying the same. Thus, how well a Chinese knot has been made can show the skill of a knot artist.The Chinese knot has been served as wishes now. The materials can be cotton, nylon and so on, and many of them are red, which stands for good luck in China. Therefore, the knots are usually sent as gifts in some important Chinese traditional festivals or on someone’s big day to carry people’s best wishes to their family or friends.20.Which picture is the Kingdee Knot?A.B.C.D.21.Which following word has the same meaning as the underlined word “fixed”?A.difficult B.unchanging C.moving D.common22.According to the passage, someone may NOT send Chinese knots to others as gifts when________.A.he visits his relatives during the Spring FestivalB.he meets his foreign business partner for the first timeC.he visits a sick friend in the hospitalD.his best friend gets married23.What is the best title of this passage?A.Chinese Knot: A Good Choice as Gifts B.Chinese Knot: The Earliest Handmade Art Form C.Chinese Art Forms: World Known Gifts D.Chinese Art Forms: The Best Ways to Send Wishes(2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·九年级哈尔滨德强学校校考期中)In ancient times, copper coins meant wealth. Linking(连接)the copper coins (铜钱)one by one had the good meaning of collecting wealth. With coins, people can knit (编织)them into different shapes, from armor worn by the soldiers to protect their bodies from enemies and swords(剑), to animals and plants. As a traditional skill in China, copper coin knitting was listed as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)in 2018.Every day at 9 am, Zhang Canjin, 58, comes to the Drum Tower Street in Ningbo and walks into a small house of less than 10 square meters. Sitting at this desk, the inheritor (继承人)of copper coin knitting(铜钱编织)starts his day.“Knitting the coins into different shapes doesn’t sound difficult, but the key is to be creative and think big,”Zhang said.So since he started his own copper coin knitting store in 2014, he has tried very hard to think big. Zhang added, “As I keep on making different works, I have more creative ideas in my mind,”Zhang said.To try something challenging, Zhang spent two months making armor with more than 8,000 coins in 2017. It got great public attention and even got Zhang a national patent for design(设计专利). This also gave him more confidence. Now he tries to continue getting more creative ideas and hopes the art forms will reach more people.“I think we Chinese people should pass on our own treasure and tradition,”Zhang said. The house of Zhang stands there in the middle of the crowded Drum Tower Street, and inside Zhang is knitting his love for heritage into a beautiful dream.根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

中国优秀传统文化的案例

中国优秀传统文化的案例

中国优秀传统文化的案例中国优秀传统文化是中华民族经过长期发展和演变而形成的,它包含了丰富的内容,涵盖了文学、艺术、哲学、宗教、道德等方面。

下面列举了十个中国优秀传统文化的案例。

一、《论语》《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作,记录了中国古代先贤孔子及其弟子的言行,被誉为中国文化的瑰宝。

它强调了人与人之间的道德伦理关系,提倡“仁爱”、“孝顺”、“忠诚”等美德。

二、中国画中国画是中国传统绘画的代表,以水墨为主要媒介,注重表达意境和情感。

它追求“意境超脱”和“气韵生动”,在表现自然山水、花鸟、人物等方面有独特的艺术风格。

三、京剧京剧是中国传统戏曲的代表,起源于北京,是中国四大戏曲剧种之一。

它注重唱、念、做、打的综合表演技巧,以其独特的唱腔、表演形式和精彩的剧情吸引了众多观众。

四、太极拳太极拳是中国传统武术的代表,它强调以柔克刚、以静制动,注重身心合一和内外养生。

太极拳的动作缓慢柔和,具有锻炼身体、调节心理的功效。

五、中医药中医药是中国传统医学的瑰宝,它以整体观念和辩证思维为基础,强调“阴阳平衡”和“气血流通”,在预防和治疗疾病方面具有独特的理论和方法。

六、茶道茶道是中国传统的礼仪茶艺,强调茶的烹饪、品味和礼仪等方面。

茶道注重沏茶的技巧和仪式感,以及茶的品质和品味的传达。

七、端午节端午节是中国传统节日之一,也是中国非物质文化遗产。

它源于古代中国楚国的民间传说,以纪念屈原,人们在端午节这天赛龙舟、吃粽子、挂艾草等,以驱邪避灾,祈求安康。

八、中国传统礼仪中国传统礼仪是中国文化的重要组成部分,它强调尊重和谦虚,注重家庭和社会关系的维系,体现了中国人的传统美德和价值观。

九、中国传统音乐中国传统音乐是中国古代音乐的代表,包括了宫、商、角、徵、羽五声音阶和琵琶、古筝、笛子等乐器。

它具有独特的旋律和节奏,能够表达丰富的情感和意境。

十、中国传统建筑中国传统建筑是中国古代建筑的代表,以其独特的风格、结构和意境而闻名于世。

它注重与自然环境的和谐统一,以及与人文精神的相互交融。

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碉房是中国西南部的青藏高原以及内蒙部分地区常见
的居住建筑形式。因其用土或石砌筑,形似碉堡,故称碉 房。碉房一般为2~3层。底层养牲畜,楼上住人。藏族民 居的墙体下厚上薄,外形下大上小,建筑平面都较为简洁, 一般多方形平面,也有曲尺形的平面。因青藏高原山势起 伏,建筑占地过大将会增加施工上的困难,故一般建筑平 面上地面积较小,而向空间发展。
中国传统文化 与
地理环境
目录:1.传统民居
2.传统服饰 3.饮食文化 4.戏剧剧种分布 5.茶马古道 6.一带一路
1.传统民居北院落民居(源自北京四合院为主)——北京民居四合院的基本特点是按南北轴线对称布置房屋和院
落,坐北朝南,大门一般开在东南角,门内建有影壁, 外人看不到院内的活动。正房位于中轴线上,侧面为耳 房及左右厢房。正房是长辈的起居室,厢房则供晚辈起 居用,布局庄重。
内蒙民居
• 蒙古包是蒙古族牧区传统的民居形式 • 适应游牧生活(易拆) • 修造方便(因地制宜,就地取材 ) • 永恒的日晷(看日影计算时间) • 由内知外 (能洞察外方) • 吉祥明亮的殿堂
宁夏地处西北远离海洋,降水少、温差大,气候严寒,
大陆性气候特征明显,冬春干旱多风沙,盛行偏北风, 故住宅一般不开北窗。
外形有方、圆之别,酷似宠大碉堡,其外墙用土、石灰、 沙、糯米等夯实,厚1米,可达5层高;由外向内,屋顶层 层下跌,共三环,主体建筑居中心;房间总数可达300余 间,十几家甚至几十家人共居一楼。
福建是东南沿海的“山国”,境内山地丘陵占80%以 上,地形复杂,历史上匪盗现象较为严重,中原汉族迁居 此地后,为御匪盗防械斗,同族数百人筑土楼而居所,故 形同要塞的土楼,防御功能突出。此外,福建地处东南沿 海地震带,气候暖热多雨,坚固的土楼既能防震防潮又可 保暖隔热,可谓一举数得。
云南一颗印住宅
• 正房、耳房、门廊的屋檐和 大小厦在标高上相互错开, 互不交接,避免在屋面做斜 沟,减少了漏雨的薄弱环节
竹楼是以竹子为主要建筑材料,分上下两层。下层四
周无遮栏,专用于饲养牲畜家禽,堆放柴禾和杂物。上层 由竖柱支撑,房顶呈四斜面形,用草排覆盖而成。一道竹 篱将上层分成两半,内间是家人就寝的卧室,卧室是严禁 外人入内的。外间较宽敞,设堂屋和火塘,既是接待客人 的场所,又是生火煮饭取暖的伙房。楼室门外有一走廊, 一侧搭着登楼木梯,一侧搭着露天阳台,摆放着装水的坛 罐器皿。 傣家人的习惯进屋都要脱掉鞋子,光脚踩在竹 席上 ,天长日久竹席就变成亮锃锃的。
陕南地区,有山坳、河沿和平坝,居民根据地势、原
料等条件,建有多种居民,传统的住房有石头房、竹木房、 吊脚楼、三合院及四合院等。石头房多建于山区,竹木房 多建于抹边及山坳,南郑、宁强和城固等山区常见。 吊 脚楼多建于沿江集镇。三合院和四合院多见于平坝城镇。
江南地区水网密布,地势平坦,房屋多依水而建,门、
这是新疆维吾尔族的住宅形式。这种房屋连成一片,庭 院在四周。带天窗的前室称阿以旺,又称“夏室”,有起 居、会客等多种用途。后室称“冬室”,是卧室,通常不 开窗。住宅的平面布局灵活,室内设多处壁龛,墙面大量 使用石膏雕饰。
每个侗家至少有一座鼓楼,有的侗寨多达四五座。侗 寨鼓楼,外型象个多面体的宝塔。一般高20多米、11层至 顶,全靠16根杉木柱支撑。楼心宽阔平型,约10平方米 见方,中间用石头砌有大火埚,四周有木栏杆,设有长条 凳,供歇息使用。
微点二 西藏地区 素有“世界屋脊”之称的西藏,是藏族的主要聚居地。他们的服饰主要是 长袖,宽腰大襟,即使在夏天也多穿长袍,白天在烈日下,将一只胳膊露出长 袍外,行走劳动时,干脆将双袖扎于腰间。一旦天气骤然变冷,可将胳膊穿进 袖筒,以适应高原多变的天气。 微点三 内蒙古地区 位于西北地区的内蒙古高原上住着善于骑马的蒙古族,他们的服饰以长袍 为主,袍的腰身肥大,男女长袍都不开叉,以利于骑马时,护膝防寒,衣袖稍 长,骑马持缰绳时,冬季可御寒,夏季可防蚊咬。蒙古人穿的皮靴,翘头的适 宜在深草中行走,圆头的适宜在浅草或无草区行走。因此,我们可知蒙古人的 服装设计主要与骑马和防寒有关。
台阶、过道道均设在水旁,民居自然被融于水、路、桥之 中,多楼房,砖瓦结构为主。青砖蓝瓦、玲珑剔透的建筑 风格,形成了江南地区纤巧、细腻、温情的水乡民居文化。 由于气候湿热,为便于通风隔热潮防雨,院落中多设天井, 墙壁和屋顶较薄,有的有较宽的门廊或宽敞的厅阁。
闽西南地区的客空人土楼是一种特殊农村住宅。土楼
“天井’其实也是院落,只是较小。中国南方炎热多 雨而潮湿,人稠山多地窄,故重视防晒通风,布局密集而 多楼房。天井民居以横长方形天井为核心,四面或左右后 三面围以楼房,阳光射入较少。正房即堂屋前向天井,完 全开敞,各屋都向天井排水,外围耸起马头山墙,可防火 势蔓延。墙头高出屋顶,作阶梯状,砖墙抹灰,覆以青瓦 墙檐,白墙黛瓦,明朗而素雅,是南方建筑一大造型特色。 天井民居以中国东南部皖南赣北即徽州地区最为典型。
黄土高原区气候较干旱,且黄土质地均一,具有胶结
和直立性好的特性,土质疏松易于挖掘,故当地人民因地 制宜创造性地挖洞而居,中国西北部地区气候干燥少雨、 冬季寒冷、木材较少等自然状况,也为冬暖夏凉、十分经 济、不需木材的窑洞,创造了发展和延续的契机。
山西太行山区与山东胶东丘陵一带两地民居形式类似,
单门独院,有门楼,两面坡屋顶。由于山高石料普遍,依 照传统上建筑材料就地取材原则。故砖石住宅较多。山西 民居还多见砖雕等装饰。
2.传统服饰
微点一 东北地区
东北地区地处中高纬地区,气候较为寒冷,人们冬天常穿皮衣,除毛皮具 有良好的防御保暖性能外,更因当地自然条件不宜植棉,而在严寒气候条件下, 兽类的皮毛长得特别丰厚,保暖防寒性能好。例如:大兴安岭一带的鄂伦春族, “食肉寝皮”是鄂伦春族的传统生活方式,在长期的游猎生活中,鄂伦春人独 具匠心创造了极富民族特色的毛皮服饰文化,他们的服饰,上至帽子,下至鞋 袜,乃至各种寝具、生活用品,都多用毛皮为原料,因为“林海雪原”为他们 提供了熊皮等兽类皮毛。俗话说得好:靠山吃山,靠水吃水。生活在乌苏里江 畔的赫哲族人以捕鱼、兽为生。因此,他们的衣服多由鱼皮制成。
北京地区属暖温带、半湿润大陆性季风气候,冬寒
少雪,春旱多风沙,因此,住宅设计注重保温防寒避风 沙,外围砌砖墙,整个院落被房屋与墙垣包围,硬山式 屋顶,墙壁和屋顶都比较厚实。
北京四合院亲切宁静,庭院尺度合宜,把大地拉近
人心,是十分理想的室外生活空间,庭院方正,利于冬 季多纳阳光。东北气候寒冷,院子更加宽大。
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