学术论文-英文摘要写作

aim to
clarify … determine … establish … demonstrate … provide evidence for bring out …
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•常用于摘要结尾部分
1.The studies we have performed These pioneer studies attempted by us The studies initiated in their laboratory We carried out several studies which All further investigations
– The data in Table 1 shows that … (good)
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Do not use excessively long sentences • example 3
This is because ofA a high dc current or which is equivalent to a low ambient temperature, restuhlteedpriencoaoclionmg ppaerraiotidvewlyasshcormtpapreactiovoelliyngshpoertiod, soand the thermal penetration region wwoausld therefore be thin, ansdo the natural convection wwoausld be neglected.
is (are)
presented
described (through…)
reported (under…)
discussed (along with)
analyzed
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aim
purpose
2.The chief object
of
objective
the present study
this investigation the research
experimental results shows that … (best)
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Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 2
– It is obvious that the electric current had little effect on the convective heat transfer coefficient but is caused large changes in Table 1. (bad)
that …
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四、英文摘要翻译原则
• 要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬 硬译，即避免“中国式英语”；
• 领悟汉语中所隐含的逻辑关系，运用适 当的关联词语对原文结构进行必要的变 动；
• 注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯 用法。
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五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 语法方面：
– 多使用行为抽象名词与动词相应的名词形式，有助 于用少语言表达更多信息；
is (was/has been/will be)
these studies
to obtain …
to evaluate …
to find out …
to establish…
to asses …
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3.The present study The above study This investigation
– 一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展 情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。
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五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 语态方面：被动
– 可避免提及文章的作者或动作的执行者； – 突出摘要的客观性； – 突出要表达的有关信息
• 缩略语
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Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 1
– 背景与目的 – 内容与方法 – 结果、结论与前景
• 句子结构特点：
– 句首传递信息要点的句子多 – 被动语句多，定语、补语多
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三、英文摘要常用句型
• 常用于摘要开头部分：
1.(In this paper,)
the results of A simple method for …cases of the …approach for an attempt to (do)
英文摘要写作
第二次习题课
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Abstract
• Reading by many people---Advertise! • Summarize paper • Self-contained • Brief(100~200words) • No figures or references
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一、英文摘要的类型
– 用单个词代替词组。
• 句法方面：
– 运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句； – 中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻译
时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。
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五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 时态方面：
– 一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结 果、结论等客观事实；
– 现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表 示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目；
was (has been)
designed made carried out performed attempted
with a view to in order to to
clarify … determine … establish… point out … demonstrate …
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4. Our studies Their pioneer studies These investigations
• 指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理论性较强的 论文，主要概括论文的主要观点、研究范围、 分析过程、内容梗概和结论，并不定量报道其 具体内容，如具体数据等。
• 信息性（报道性）摘要：多用于实验性和技术 性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、数 据和结论。
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二、英文摘要的特点
• 语言特点：准确、简洁、明了 • 结构特点：
– The prediction were compared with the experimental results. It was found that … (bad)
– The results showed that … (better) – Comparison of the predicted and
show
have shown
(have) demonstrated that…
(have) suggested
(have) revealed
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2. The studies The results The tests The researches
Fra Baidu bibliotek
(have) shown (have) suggested illustrated revealed