高考常考动词时态语态考点透析

知识清单

1.熟知九种基本时态的构成；

2. 九种基本时态的用法及重点；

3. 一般过去时态与现在时态用法上的侧重点；

4. 被动语态的基本形式；

5. 被动语态中特殊情况；

6. 与时态相关的固定句式结构。

学情分析

考生在动词时态和语态的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：

1.考生对于时态的基本类型不能熟练掌握；

2. 不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式不清楚；

3. 句子中的主被动意识淡；

4. 被动语态的基本形式，不能准确使用被动语态；

5. 在使用时态时，全凭所谓的语感去判断，写出来的句子中时态混乱，没有时态观念，没有章法可言。

动词时态语态的基本结构及用法(以动词do为例)

一般时

((be doing)

进行时

完成时(have done)

现在完成进行时

巧记·速记

进行时，be doing，动词前是助词“be”, “现在”要用“am/is/are”，“过去”要变“was/were”，“将来”则是“will/shall be”；动词后加“ing”，巧记结构做题易。

完成时，have done，动词前是助词“have”，“现在”要用“ha s/have”，“过去”勿忘变“had”；动词要用过去分词，这点千万别忘记。

现在完成进行时，“现在完成+进行”，一人身兼两人职。

考点一一般现在时态(do/does)

1表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。

As is known to us, the sun ____(rise) in the east and ___(set) in the west.

2表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态,时间状语有always, often, usually, sometimes, every day/year, on Sundays, once a week。

Some senior 3 students ___(got) up at 5：20 every day including Sunday.

3在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时态表将来。

If city noises _________(not, keep) from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard.

4表示按时刻表、计划规定要发生的动作，常见的动词有：

come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。

The plane _____(take) off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.

[典例1][2015·四川成都一诊]It's probable that the rocket ________ (date) from about 2,000 years ago in China.

[典例2][2015·北京东城区期末]_____________________________________，we will carry out the plan next week. (完成句子)

除非你有不同意见，否则我们下周就执行该计划了。

考点二一般过去时态(did)

1表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用时间比较具体yesterday (morning), two years ago, last night/year, in 1990, in the past, the day before yesterday, the other day)或上下文语境有暗示，或由于地点的转变而导致同一个动作用过去时态。

I ______(teach) English in Xi'an for half a year. I _____(feel) very tired. When I_____(get) home, I _____(go) straight to bed.

2描述过去时间中发生的一系列事件。

He _____(go) to the market, ______(bring) some eggs and __________(return) home.

3原来没有意料到，没有想到的事。

Excuse me. I ____________(not, realize) I was blocking your way.

4固定句式

(1)It's high time that sb. did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。

It's high time we ____(do) something about environmental protection.

(2)would rather＋主＋did＋...表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。

I would rather you _____(come) here tomorrow morning.

注意：一般过去时态中的动作在过去某时间已经停止，只是强调过去的动作或状态，与现在没有任何关系。

[典例3][2015·四川成都二诊]－Have you worked out the schedule for our graduation trip?

－Yes. I ________ (work) on it for 3 hours.

[典例4][2015·四川成都一诊]All football fans ________ (witness) the Germans' final victory in the 2014 World Cup this August.

考点三完成时态(have/has/had done)

1现在完成时

(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，但对现在仍然有影响。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, recently, ever, never, already, yet, lately, in/during/over the past/last+时间段，since+时间点, for+时间段等表示时间的词,或since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时态)连用。

His first novel _____________(receive) good reviews since it came out last month.

(2)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。—When shall we restart our business?

—Not until we ____________(finish) our plan.

(3)在“It (This) is(will be)the first/second/third...time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。

This is the first time that we __________(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

(4)在“It (This) is the best (worst，most＋adj.等)＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。

It is the most instructive lecture that I ________________(attend) since I came to this school.

2过去完成时

(1)某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这

类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。

①I _____________(intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.

②I ________(mean) to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.

(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，考生做题时关键看该动作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前，如果是就用过去完成时。

①Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they

___________(receive) from China.

②—What a mistake!

—Yes，I ____________(suggest) his doing it another way，but without success.

(3)by, by the end, by the time, until, before后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。

By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______________(graduate) from college.

(4)在hardly(scarcely)．..when...，no sooner...than...句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。

Hardly (No sooner) _____I _____(get) home when(than) the rain poured down.

(5)用在虚拟语气如if, wish, would rather与过去事实相反的从句中。

If he_______________(work) harder, he would have

3将来完成时

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before＋将来时间”或“by＋将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。

On her next birthday，Ann __________________(marry) for twenty years.

[典例5][2015·浙江温州一模]I suddenly realized that I was kept so busy that I ________ (spend) little time with my family before.

[典例6][2015·北京东城区一模]－Mum！Where is my packed lunch?

－In the kitchen. I ___________ (make) you two sandwiches.

[典例7][2015·重庆南开中学二模]Hurry up, or by the time we arrive at the cinema, the film ______________________ (begin)．

考点四进行时(be doing)

1现在进行时

高考题对现在进行时的考查往往是在具体的语境中进行的，不给出具体的时间状语，要求考生能够通过语境判断出该动作正在进行。现在进行时常用来表示：

(1)说话时正在发生着的一个动作,常与时间状语now, at present连用。

Hurry up! Mark and Carol ____________(wait) for us.

(2)现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作。

①The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ____________(repair) one of the main pipes.

②Teenagers _____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much.

(3)近期特定的安排或计划, 常用于位置移动的动词如：go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay, do, take等。

I've won a holiday for two days to Florida.I __________(take) my Mum.

2过去进行时

(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作常与at this time yesterday, at eight yesterday evening, all day yesterday连用或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。