新高考专题4 语法填空 专题强化训练 含答案精析
语法填空(一)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
(2019·湖北八校高三第二次联考)For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3，000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1.____________ was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is 2.____________(true) an honor to be granted this special privilege，”Zhang said.
To guarantee the 3.____________(safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4.____________(plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5.____________(they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6.____________(bring) many changes to the world’s 7.____________(large) imperial complex(建筑群). Once in a speech Shan shared his idea about how to make traditional 8.____________(treasure) come alive again. He said, “9.____________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10.____________ people’s daily lives.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院自建院94年以来首次在元宵节晚间对部分公众免费开放，这引发了众多关注。
1．whom解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，且先行词“About 3，000 lucky visitors”在从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，所以应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
2．truly解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子结构完整，应用副词修饰整个句子。故填truly。
3．safety解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的“the”及其后的“of”可推知，此处应用名词。故填safety。
4．planning解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词plan与逻辑主语festival organizers之间构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填planning。
5．themselves解析：考查代词。此处动词absorb后的宾语应与逻辑主语visitors保持一致，所以应用反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。
6．has brought解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。since引导时间状语从句时，主句中的谓语动词通常用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has brought。
7．largest解析：考查形容词的最高级。此处表示单霁翔对这个世界上最大的建筑群做了许多改善。故此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
8．treasures解析：考查名词的单复数。treasure意为“珍宝”，是可数名词，再根据语境可知，此处应用其复数形式，表示“传统的珍宝”。故填treasures。
9．What解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，所以此处应用连接代词what引导。注意首字母大写。故填What。
10．to解析：考查介词。close to意为“接近，靠近”，是固定短语。故填to。
Test 2
(2019·青岛质量检测)There are many reasons 1.____________ college and university students often fail 2.____________(get) a full night’s of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total 3.____________(free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, late-night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4.____________ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class 5.____________(center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6.____________(cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or 7.____________(control) one’s emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours’sleep a night to stay 8.____________(health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 9.____________(well) in two different classes, 10.____________ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.
【解题导语】文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大学的副教授的研究发现。
1．why解析：考查定语从句。句意：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有许多原因。本空考查定语从句，后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词是reasons。故填why。
2．to get解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”。故填to get。
3．freedom解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作having的宾语。故填freedom。
4．the解析：考查冠词。句意：几年前，迈克尔·斯卡林开始教在得克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理学专业的学生睡眠科学。teach为及物动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常用定冠词。故填the。
5．centered解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该课以研究人体为什么要睡觉和由睡眠不足引起的身体与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据上文中的时间状语“A few years ago”可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处应用一般过去时。故填centered。
6．caused解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems与cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用cause的过去分词作problems的后置定语。故填caused。
7．controlling解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些(身心问题)包括专心学习或控制情绪方面的困难以及增加的(患上)许多疾病的风险。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”，且设空处与前面的focusing并列，形式应保持一致。故填controlling。
8．healthy解析：考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。
9．better解析：考查副词的比较级。句意：斯卡林在两个不同的班级里发现睡得更多的同学表现得更好，并且他于去年十一月把他的发现发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的more可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。
10．and解析：考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。
Test 3
(2019·河北石家庄二中高三模拟考试)China has developed a unique festival food culture throughout the years. Eating dumplings is a common folk custom for many Chinese on the day of winter solstice(冬至), especially those 1.____________ live in the north. When midwinter comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, if 2.____________(eat) in a right
amount, some nuts such as peanuts, walnuts, and chestnuts are good for one’s body.
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 3.____________(be) accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter.
According to an old story, during the midwinter feast 2，500 years ago, the King of Wu was fed up 4.____________ all kinds of costly foods and wanted to try 5.____________(variety) things. Then, the beauty Xishi made wontons to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. Later, the people of Suzhou had wontons to celebrate the festival 6.____________(official)．In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of small dumpling ball 7.____________(produce) with sticky rice flour(粉). In Yinchuan, Ningxia, people call midwinter the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, 8.____________ is a custom for people there to eat mutton soup and the dumplings in it. They give the midwinter soup a strange name and call it “brain”，which they usually share with their 9.____________(relative). People in Taiwan keep the custom of providing nine-layer cakes for their ancestors. People from the same family gather at their ancestral temples to adore their ancestors in order of their ages. After 10.____________(hold) the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand dinner.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。多年来中国形成了自己独特的节日饮食文化。文章重点讲述了不同地方在不同节日的不同风俗习惯的由来和饮食特点。
1．who解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少关系词引导定语从句，指代先行词those，指人，应用关系词who。故填who。
2．eaten解析：考查省略句。分析句子结构可知，在if引导的条件状语从句中，省略的主语跟主句中的主语一致，是some nuts，且与动词eat构成被动关系，此处省略了主语和are。故填eaten。
【知识拓展】在if, once, though, when, while, unless等引导的状语从句中，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词中含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语和be动词。如：Unless (he is) invited, he won’t go to the party.
Though (he is) young, he knows a lot about the city.
I met an old friend when/while (I was) walking in the street.
3．are解析：考查动词的时态与主谓一致。根据语境，此处时态为一般现在时，且主语People为复数，此处应用are。故填are。
4．with解析：考查介词。feed up with意为“给某人以充足的或有营养的食物，使对……厌烦”，为固定搭配。故填with。
5．various解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词“things”，various意为“多种多样的”。故填various。
6．officially解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词celebrate，officially意为“正式地”。故填officially。
7．produced解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，dumpling ball与produce之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced。
8．it解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处构成句式“It is＋名词/形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事……”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填it。
9．relatives解析：考查名词的单复数。根据their可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填relatives。
10．holding解析：考查非谓语动词。介词After后应接动名词形式。故填holding。
Test 4
(2019·山西五地市高三联考)As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters become more serious 1.____________ before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida 2.____________ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3.____________(coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.
The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested
4.____________(way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government
5.____________(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became
6.____________(gradual) clear that her state’s water authorities couldn’t agree on joint(联合的) action.
While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.____________(cold), the people 8.____________(live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.
At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget 9.____________(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10.____________ end.
【解题导语】随着气候变暖的影响，海平面上升及自然灾害均会给人类带来毁灭性打击。为此，位于佛罗里达州的一个社区的人们积极采取行动来保护自己赖以生存的家园。
1．than解析：考查连词。句意：由于全球变暖的影响，海平面上升和自然灾害变得比以前更加严重，当地的一些社区正在采取行动。根据设空处前的more serious及设空处后的before可知，此处表示比较意义。故填than。
2．where解析：考查定语从句。句意：其中一个是佛罗里达州的一个社区，在保护沿海城市免受海平面上升的威胁方面，当地的人们和政府官员(的做法)证明是成功的。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为Florida，表示地点，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。故填where。
3．coastal解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处在句中修饰名词cities，应用形容词。故填coastal。
4．ways解析：考查名词单复数。句意：社区研究了海平面上升的程度，并提议解决问题的方法。此处way意为“方法”，是可数名词，根据句意及语境可知，此处指不止一种方法，故应用复数形式。故填ways。
5．to ban解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：社区劝说州政府禁止在海岸线附近开发新的土地并建议沿着海滩建起沙丘。persuade...to do...为固定搭配，意为“劝说……做……”，故此处应用不定式to ban作persuade的宾语补足语。故填to ban。
6．gradually解析：考查词性转换。句意：克里斯汀·雅各布斯是这个组织的创建者之一，在逐渐了解到州内各水利局就联合行动不能达成统一的意见之后，她于2008年决定采取行动。设空处修饰形容词clear，应用副词，故填gradually。
7．colder解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意：尽管佛罗里达州有些政府官员怀疑气候是否会变得更热或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社区。根据并列连词or及之前的hotter可知，此处表示比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填colder。
8．living解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰主语the people，且与the people之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。
9．is解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，在财力受限的情况下，提出对抗气候变化影响的方法是迫切的问题。句中“coming up with ways...”是动名词短语，为本句主语，其谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据本句时间状语At present可知，此处应用一般现在时。
故填is。
10．the解析：考查冠词。句意：只有时间会说明这些沿海社区(的举措)最终是否会成功。in the end是固定搭配，意为“最终，最后”。故填the。
语法填空(二)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
(2019·江西九校高三联考)With the passing of 2018 and Spring Festival, we 1.____________(start) a new important year already.
This year is one of the final stepping stones to becoming a 2.____________(moderate) prosperous society in 2020. Meanwhile, 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. To prepare for 2019, the government made 3.____________(it) economic agenda(事项) clear at the Central Economic Work Conference, 4.____________(attend) by the country’s leaders in Beijing in December.
Great attention will keep on 5.____________(pay) to China’s growth performance in 2019. To meet the target of doubling 2010 GDP by the end of 2020, it needs to average about 6.3 percent this year and next.
Meanwhile, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in April. At this event, the Belt and Road Initiative, 6.____________ has huge potential to drive economic growth, will take greater shape.
This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological
7.____________(advance). China is expected to roll out 5G, the next generation of
8.____________(wire) technology, next year. It’s up to 100 times faster 9.____________ the current 4G technology.
It will be a year for China to reflect 10.____________ its past and future direction.
【解题导语】2019年是中国经济发展至关重要的一年，这一年中国政府将采取各项举措进一步发展中国经济。
1．have started解析：考查动词的时态。句意：度过了2018年和春节，我们已经开启了崭新的重要的一年。根据语境和空后的already可知，此空应用现在完成时。故填have started。
2．moderately解析：考查词性转换。句意：这一年是在2020年全面建成小康社会最后的垫脚石之一。此处修饰形容词prosperous，应用副词。故填moderately。
3．its解析：考查代词。句意：为了为2019年做好准备，政府部门在国家领导人参加的于12月在北京召开的中央经济工作会议上明确了经济议程。空后有名词短语economic
agenda，应用形容词性物主代词，指代the government’s。故填its。
4．attended解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。本句已有谓语made，且设空处与谓语之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语形式作后置定语。根据空后的by可知，此处表示被动关系，应用过去分词。故填attended。
5．being paid解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年(社会各界)将持续关注中国的发展状况。Great attention与pay之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，又因为keep on doing sth.是固定搭配，故填being paid。
6．which解析：考查定语从句。句意：在这一活动中，有刺激经济增长的巨大潜力的“一带一路”倡议将更加完善。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，引导词指代“the Belt and Road Initiative”，并且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
7．advances解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这一年也可能是为众多的科技进步铺路的一年。advance作“进步，发展”讲时，是可数名词，且“a number of”通常修饰可数名词复数。故填advances。
8．wireless解析：考查词性转换。句意：中国明年有望推出无线技术的下一代——5G 技术。此处指代无线技术，修饰名词technology，应用形容词。故填wireless。
9．than解析：考查连词。句意：它(5G技术)的速度将比现有的4G技术快达100倍。根据“100 times faster”可知，此处是把5G技术与4G技术进行比较，用的是比较级，than是比较级的标志词。故填than。
10．on解析：考查介词。句意：这一年，中国将认真思考其过去和未来的方向。reflect on是固定短语，意为“反省；仔细思考”。故填on。
Test 2
(2019·重庆一中高三下学期质量检测)“Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one.
The story of Chinese fashion 1.____________(begin) in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneaker brands, suddenly gained international attention. Last year, Li-Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September.
The latest Chinese brands are no longer promoting 2.____________(them) on the basis of their cheapness. They are 3.____________(impress) and ambitious and can go forward
4.____________(head) with foreign brands.
And this ambition may be due to the fact 5.____________ China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. Western culture doesn’t have the instant appeal 6.____________ the young that it once had. “Today’s young people in China are passion ate about Chinese cultural elements，”Jin Qu, vice president of YOHO, 7.____________ urban clothing shopping website in China, said at a cultural festival in November.
In fact, a lot of 8.____________(celebrity) in the West now have an interest in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. US singer Robyn Rihanna Fenty, for example, wore a shiny and 9.____________(heavy) decorated yellow gown to the 2015 Met Gala to match the gala’s theme “China: Through the Looking Glass”. The gown was from Chinese designer Guo Pei.
The Chinese want to replace the words “Made in China”with “10.____________(design) in China”．
【解题导语】本文讲述的是中国品牌正成为一种新时尚，最新的中国品牌不再低价促销，而开始由“中国制造”向“中国设计”转变。
1．began解析：考查动词的时态。句意：中国时尚的故事源于2011年，也就是中国的两大运动品牌飞跃和回力突然受到国际关注的时候。根据时间状语in 2011及when引导的时间状语从句中的gained可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填began。
2．themselves解析：考查代词。句意：最新的中国品牌不再以价格低廉为卖点来推销自己。主语为“The latest Chinese brands”，可用they指代，主语和宾语所指为同一事物，所以用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
3．impressive解析：考查词性转换。句意：这些品牌令人印象深刻、雄心勃勃，并能与国外品牌共同向前发展。设空处与ambitious并列作表语，应用形容词。故填impressive。
4．to head解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。go forward to do...意为“为……而发展”，其中不定式作目的状语。故填to head。
5．that解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这种雄心壮志或许是因为现在中国的年轻一代对自己祖国的文化更加自信了。本句为that引导的同位语从句，解释the fact的内容。故填that。
6．to解析：考查介词。句意：西方文化不像过去那样对年轻人有立竿见影的吸引力了。appeal to为固定搭配，意为“对……有吸引力”。故填to。
7．an解析：考查冠词。“____________ urban clothing shopping website in China”作YOHO
的同位语，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且urban的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
8．celebrities解析：考查名词单复数。句意：事实上，现在西方的很多名人对流行的中国文化元素很感兴趣。celebrity意为“名人”，是可数名词，前有“a lot of”修饰，应用复数形式。故填celebrities。
9．heavily解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词化了的过去分词decorated，应用副词。故填heavily。
10．Designed解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是省略了主语和be动词的被动语态，和“Made in China”结构一致。故填Designed。
Test 3
(2019·河南省实验中学高考全真模拟考试一)In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country 1.____________ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land 2.____________Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.
The Yellow River goes across 3.____________(center) Henan. It is China’s main north-to-south and east-to-west artery(干线). China’s most ancient tribal 4.____________(lead), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still 5.____________(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors.
The river holds 6.____________ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, 7.____________(respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese descendants pursue co-existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5，464-km-long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, 8.____________(form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
Till now, the Yellow River 9.____________(raise) 13 dynasties’capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties’capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in 10.____________(it) area—Zhengzhou.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代文明诞生地——黄河的地理位置和历史地位。
1．with解析：考查介词。句意：中国是世界上唯一一个人类文明没有中断的国家。此处with意为“带有”，表伴随状态。故填with。
2．where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the rich land”。故填where。
(完整版)高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案
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2020届高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题集训(4)(含答案解析)
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