中考英语常见相似词语的辨别与解析

中考英语常见相似词语的辨别与解析
中考英语常见相似词语的辨别与解析

中考英语常见相似词语的辨别与解析

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词语辨析集中在对实词,即对名词动词、形容词、副词等的考查,主要考查同义、近义、形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析。

这两个介词都可以表示“??(时间)以后”的意思 ?

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中 ?如: She went after three days 。她是三天以后走的 ?

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如: She will go in three days 。她三天以后要走 ?

how long 指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如 three days , four weeks 等)提问?如: Howl ong ago was it? 这是多久前的事了 ?

how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:— How often does he e here? —Once a month。他(每隔)多久来一次 ?每月一次?

how soon 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如: How soon can

you e? 你多快能赶来?

few 和 little 的意思是否定的,表示“很少” 或“几乎没有” ; 而 a few 和 a little 的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿” ?

few 和 a few 修饰可数名词 ;little 和 a

little 修饰不可数

名词?

several 用于修饰可数名词,语意比 a few 和 some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思 ?

some 可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于 a few 或 a little ,有时指更多一些的数量 ?

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指 ?如: We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other 。我们站在街这边,他们站在那边 ?

another 着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个 ?如:She has taken another of my books。她已经拿了我的另外一本书 ?

spend 的宾语通常是时间 ?金钱 ?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语 ?如:

She spent the whole evening in reading 。她把整个晚上

用来读书 ?

take 常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如: How long will this job take you? 你做这项工作要花多

长时间?

cost 指花费时间 ?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,

并且不能用于被动语态 ?如: How much does the jacket

cost? 这件夹克多少钱 ?

pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?

如:I pay for my rooms by month 。我按月支付租金 ? 这四个动词都有“说”的意思 ?speak 的意思是“讲话 ; 演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词 ; 用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称 ?如:He can speak Japanese 。他会说日语 ?

say 的意思是“说 ; 讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词 ?代词或直接引语等 ?如:She says,“Don' t draw on the wall! ”她说:“别在墙上画画 ! ”

talk 的意思是“说 ; 讲 ; 谈话”,与 speak 意义比较接近,但不如 speak 正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,

也可指单方面的谈话 ? 如: She is talking with John in English 。她正在和约翰用英语交谈?

tell 意为“告诉 ; 讲述 ; 吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某

人,常接双宾语 ?除了 story , news, truth , joke ,lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语 ?如:She is telling the children a story 。她正在给孩子们讲故事 ?

between 的意思是“在??中间,在??之间”,一般指在两者之间?如: There is a table between two windows 。在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子 ?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间 ?如: the relationship between different

里是指每

两个省市之间的相互关系 ?)

among 的意思是“在??中间 ?在??之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中 ?如: The teacher distributed them among the students 。老师把这些东西分给了学生 ?

这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不

同 ?beat 是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队 ?如: Web eat them。我们打败了他们 ?

win 指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛 ?名次 ?如: We won

the match/game/race/the first place 。我们赢了这场比赛( 获得了第一名)?

agree on 表示“就??取得一致意见” ?如: We all agree on (making) an early start 。我们一致同意及早出发 ?

agree with 表示“与??意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人

的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见 ?看法的名词或 what 引导的从句 ? 如:I agree with you without reservation

。我毫无保留地同意

的意见 ?We agree with what you said just now 。我们同

意你刚才

所说的意见 ?

agree to 后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等

里是指每

词句 ? 如:I agree to the terms proposed 。我同意拟议的条件 ?

这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同 ?

bring 作“带来,拿来”解 ?如: Next time don 't forget to

bring me a copy of your work 。下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带

给我?

take 是 bring 的对语,作“带去,拿去”解 ?如: Take

the box away, please 。请把盒子拿走 ?想学习更多英语

知识,请关注口袋英语 aikoudaiyy

carry 表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用

车 ? 船,也可以用手甚至用头 ?如: This bus is licensed

to carry 100 passengers 。这辆巴士准载一百人 ?

fetch 则表示“去拿来”的意思 ? 如: Please fetch me

the documents in that room 。请到那间房间去把文件拿来

给我 ?

两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同 ?each 着重个

别的情况,every 着重全体,有“所有的”的意思 ?如:She

knows each student of the class 。她认识这个班里的每一

个学生 ?She knows every student of the class 。她认识

这个班所有的学生 ?

no one 指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,

意思与 nobody 相同,作主语时不必跟 of 连用,如: No

one believes him since he is not honest 。没有人相信

他,因为他不诚实 ?No one else but I went。除我以外,

谁也没去 ?

none 指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式 ; 代替可数名词,谓语动词用单 ? 复数都可以 ?但在“主 +系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式 ?如: None

of us are(is) afraid of difficulties 我们谁也不怕困

难 ?

这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事” 的意思,其区别

如下: go on doing 表示“继续做,一直在做某事 ( 中间无间断 ) ”;go on to do 表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事 ;go on with 也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去 ?

二者都有“太,非常”之意, much too 为副词词组,

修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词 ?如:It 's much too

cold 。天气实在是太冷了?

too much 作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法 ?

(1)作名词词组 ?如: You have given us too much 。你给我们的太多了?

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如:Don' t drink too

much wine 。不要饮太多的酒 ?

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如:She talks too

much 。她说话太多?

二者都可表示“孤独,独自”, alone 指客观存在的“孤独”,而 lonely 更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞” ?如: I went alone 。我是一个人去的 ?Mary lived alone , but she didn ' t feel lonely 。

玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独 ?

happen 有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物 ? 情况的发生 ?如: Whatever has happened to your arm? It 's all swollen 。你的

手臂怎么了 ?肿得好厉害。

our 指有计划地使某些事“发生” ?有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中?如: Did it our to you to phone them about it? 你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话 ?

具体事物 ?事件作主语时, happen和 our 可以通用 ?如: The aident happened/ourred yesterday 。事故是昨天发生的 ?

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性 ?例如: The meeting took place last night 。会议昨晚举行?

in front of 的意思是“在??前面” ?如: There is a

tree in front of the house 。房子前面有一棵树 ?

in the front of 的意思是“在??前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面 ?如: There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom 。教室里前部有一块黑板 ?

两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别 ?find 有偶然发现某物的意味 ?如: He found a bag on the floor 。

他发现地板上有个

书包?

find out 指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚” ?如: Please find out who took my book by mistake 请查清楚谁错拿了我的书 ?

这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意

思时,三者可以通用 ?但它们又各有特定的含义 ?

sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如: a weak sound 微弱的声 ?

noise 作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词 ?如:Another kind of pollution is noise 。另外一种污染是噪音 ?

voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声 ? 歌声和笑声?如: He shouted at the top of voice 。他高声呼喊 ?有时

也用于引申意义,作“意见 ?发言权”解 ?如:I have no

voice in the matter 。对于这件事, * 发言权 ?

三者均可表示“到达”, arrive 后通常接介词 at

(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如: We arrived at the station five minutes late

。我们晚了 5 分钟到车站 ?又如:They

will arrive in Paris next Monday 。他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。

get 之后通常接介词 to? 如:Whenw e got to the

park , it began to rain 。我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

reach 是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如: He reached Bei * g

yesterday 。他昨天到达北京。

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