英语句子成分分析老师资料完整
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英语句子成分分析
一、句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语、表语。
补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。
二、各个成分分析。
1,主语(Subject)
可以作主语的有___、___、____、____、等。
Listening to music makes me feel relaxed.
吃太多对身体不好。
——————————————————
2,谓语(Predicate)表示“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”。
①简单类型(及物动词,不及物动词)。
不及物:happen rise appear apologize exist come die run (不可直接加宾语,需要介词)
The students work very hard
She apologized to me again.
The accident happened yesterday evening.
及物:visit,buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent,
promise, raise, find
注意:是及物又是不及物的动词,有时意义很不相同。beat vi.跳动vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长vt. 种植play vi.玩耍vt. 打(牌、球),演奏smell vi.发出(气味)vt. 嗅ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说(语言)
★联系定语从句。
This is reason ______ he apologized.
This is the wild cat ______ he caught yesterday.
②复合类型
A,情态动词、助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语
I'll go and move away the bag.
You'd better catch a bus.
感官动动词、be连系动词包括Ps: 表语构成的复合谓语。+连系动词B,
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词、“保持或变成”(turn,become,come,fall, get, go, grow, keep, remain, stay, prove, seem)的动词
Tim' brother is a basketball player.
Your sister is very cute.
You look the same.
The soldiers stood ready at their post.
★非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别?
★在英语中,一个句子可以有很多动词,但中心谓语只有一个(并列句式除外)。若有多个动词将会出现如下情况。会出现如下情况:
①从句
He thinks that this cup was broken by Jim
The girl who is dancing is my little sister.
What I said surprised all the people at present.
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
When he came back, he found all family members were here.
②非谓语
He wants to be an astronaut someday.
The deer runs quickly to escape from the leopard.
I enjoy lying on the beach, reading and listening and reading
He went into the classroom, followed by some kids.
3,宾语(object)分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类(通常,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人)
I will return the book to you tomorrow.
Show me your new cloth.
4,表语(Predicative)用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。放在系动词之后。
The leaves turned yellow in autumn.
My opinion is that he should be punished.
)即修饰名词或者代词的,分为前置定语和后置定语。以Attributive定语(5, 学习好资料欢迎下载
下为定语后置的情况:
①修饰some,any,no,every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置
Let's go somewhere quiet.
There is nothing important in today's newspaper.
②副词作定语
The people here are very friendly.
They lived in the room above.
③介词短语作定语
The boy in white is my classmate.
The sentences on the blackboard were written by my head teacher.
He is reading an article about how to live a healthy life.
6,状语(adverbial modifier) 说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,修饰动词,形容词和副词。可以由下列形式充当:
①副词。
He went fast.
He went rather fast.
You have to speak quietly in the hospital.
②不定式
I come specially to see you. (目的状语)
③介词短语
We shall meet at 8:00 am.
Anderson is playing badminton with her sister in the grassland.
④从句做状语。(时间状语,地点状语,条件状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,让步状语等)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
Where there is a will, there is a way.