2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析
2016年高考四川卷英语试题(含解析)
绝密★启用前总评：2016年四川卷覆盖面广，难易适度，能全面考查出学生对基础知识的掌握和语言运用的能力。
阅读理解从文体上来看，与前几年的出题思路一致：一篇广告，一篇说明文，一篇议论文；考查内容全面，题型多样，包括细节理解、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题，其中推理判断题比重较大。
七选五主要考查上下文衔接识别和关键词的把握。
话题也是学生熟悉的话题，其中一空位于句首，一空位于句末，三个空位于句子中间，考生只要运用七选五的常规选项筛选和辨析技巧，定会得心应手。
完形填空文章逻辑清晰，上下文线索明了，主要考查学生对上下文的理解，在语境中做出正确选择。
文章不涉及语法的填空，单纯词汇辨析几乎没有，因此今年该题重在考查的就是对于语篇的理解，并没有在故事情感线索处及近义词辨析方面过多挖陷阱增加区分度。
词组搭配考查多用基础词汇。
该题考查了4个名词、4个形容词、5个副词、6个动词和1个介词。
语法填空突出了高考对于重点考点的重点考查，动词的时态、语态、状语从句、非谓语动词、并列连词、名词的单数复数以及不同词性之间的词形转换仍然是考查的重点。
短文改错考查基础知识较多，涉及不可数名词、冠词、定语从句、动词时态、非谓语动词、固定词组、并列连词以及对词汇本意的考查。
书面表达部分是用英文写一篇短文，是学生熟悉的话题，应该说不难写，只要书写过关，相信考生会得到一个满意的分数。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ABasketball Statistician Help WantedThe Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statisticsduring basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:●Good computer skills●Available evenings and weekends●Knowing basketball rules and statisticsStudents interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.●TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308●Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589●Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273●Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-69151.When will the job start?A .In May 2016B. In May 2017C.In September 2016D. In September20172.Who is more likely to get job?A.Sam,English major ,member of the college basketball teamB.Judy,IT staff with night classes,children’s basketball team coachC.Ted,computer major, basketball fan,free on evenings and weekendsD.Molly,part-time programmer,high school basketball player ,new mother3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?A.Michael.B.Jorge.C.Gauri.D.Gary.【答案】1. C 2. C 3.B【解析】2.C 推理判断题。
(全)高考英语阅读理解真题(2016-17全国卷3B篇)详解
高考英语阅读理解真题（2016-17全国卷3B篇）详解2016On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?”the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don’t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears onlya fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A. Two strangers joined her.B. Her childhood friends came in.C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D. Some people held a party there.6.The underlined word “them”in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories7.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?A. They live in big cities.B. They are mostly women.C. They come from real life.D. They are pleasure seekers.答案语篇分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。
高中英语真题-2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练(39)
2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（39）阅读理解—词义猜测题、观点态度题。
(2015年吉林省实验中学月考)In summer, some people avoid outdoor activities because the y don't want to get hot and sticky or sun burnt. Luckily, there a re some outdoor activities which don't involve breaking sweat. River raftingHot summer weather and cool water-what a perfect match! River rafting can be both scenic and ex citing. When the raft follows a gentle stream, the views of the countryside or valley is like a traditional Chinese painting. And when you enter white water where the riverbed creates a nat ural roller coaster, you feel a rush of adrenaline(肾上腺素). Paddle your raft to the riverbank to have a picnic or barbe cue which will taste best when you are starving.Where to find: River rafting trips are usually on offer in mount ainous or valley regions such as the Three Gorges.Tips: Wear a helmet and life jacket at all times; bring enough sunscreen; and bring lots of water.CavingPeople say that the only naturally air-conditioned place in summer is a big cave. It is true. Cave tou rs featuring light shows are old hat. Now it's time to wear a la mp no your helmet like a mineworker to explore caves in dark ness. Exploring unknown caverns and navigating undergroun d rivers is what makes caving so thrilling. Plus, caving can be a very healthy sport, for the oxygen level is usually higher so basically you are having an oxygen spa as the bonus.Where to find: Caving can be very risky, so consult local trave l agents and go in groups with professional cavers.Tips: Follow your guides; drink enough water to avoid dehydr ation(脱水)；and wear strong and not easily damaged hiking boots. Coastal walking/cycling and beach activitiesFor those who live far away from mountains, coastal regions a nd beaches are good places to spend time in the summer. Wit h sea breezes in your hair, it is nice to take a hike or cycle rid e while enjoying the coastline. If you want to be sportier, try b each games, such as soccer and volleyball. It's a totally differ ent experience from playing on hard courts or grass.Where to find: Just go to the beach or find an urban artificial b each such as the one in Chatoyant Park in Beijing or the man-made lake beach inTips: Loads of sunscreen needed; water and snacks are nece ssary; be aware of jellyfish and garbage floating in the water. What does the underlined words “old hat” in Paragraph 5 mea n?A．Out of fashion. B. Out of the way. C. A particular f ashion. D. A unique style2. If you love river rafting trips, you can .A. go to the beachB. explore cavesC. do some outdoor activitiesD. drift the boat downstre am3. What is specially needed to explore caves?A. An oxygen spa.B. A professional caver.C. A lamp.D. A helmet4. Helen lives in a big city, where is the best place for her to s pend weekends?A. A riverbankB. Underground riversC. An urban artificial beach.D. Mountainous areas.语篇解读夏天时，一些人总是对户外运动唯恐避之不及，因为不想变得又热又黏。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
高中英语真题-2016高考英语阅读理解暑假精炼(11)
高中英语真题:2016高考英语阅读理解暑假精炼（11）阅读理解-------CIf you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. T his is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the proc ess of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he se t about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of diffe rent ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain preci se measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating an d breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed I some subjects in their thirties, but it was still n ot evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple re medy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brai n begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Th ose least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by u niversity professors and doctors. White collar workers doing r outine work in government offices are, however, as likely to h ave shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.M atsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to s upply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely onpocket calculators.”36. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.A. why certain people age sooner than othersB. how to mak e people live longerC. the size of certain people’s brainsD. which people ar e most intelligent【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。
2016年英语高考试题新课标Ⅱ卷(含答案解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm－1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】2.B 细节理解题。
2016高考英语阅读理解和单项选择练习(6)及答案
单项填空1．______that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.A．One B．AllC．Everything D．Anything解析考查不定代词的用法。
句意：最重要的是你要尽力并朝着正确的方向前进。
one一个人；all一切，所有；everything每一件事；anything任何事。
通览全句，all符合语意及语境。
答案B2．This kind of animal is able to protect itself from danger in many years.______，the colouring of its hide makes it almost invisible when it is feeding in the shadow of trees.A．First at all B．First of allC．In all D．After all解析句意：多年间这种动物能保护自己避免危险。
首先，当它在树阴下进食时，它的色彩的隐蔽性使它不易被看到。
空白处用来强调重要性，因此只能用first of all。
无A项这种表达法。
in all相当于altogether“总计”；after all“毕竟”，表程度。
答案B3．For professional athletes，______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.A．appeal B．attachmentC．access D．approach解析考查名词词义辨析。
access进入。
句意：对于专业运动员来说，参加奥运会就意味着他们有机会被载入史册。
appeal请求；attachment附加；approach接近；方法。
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•Guess the meaning
词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单 词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力， 以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目， 考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构 词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确 定词义。 词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考 点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。 2015年《考试说明》介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考 查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测
2.对比法
小结
表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
对代词的猜测
(2013· 四川卷B篇)Two 12yearold boy, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. 36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) 使模糊，混淆，搅浑 “cloud” means “_____________________.”
考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思
A. The beach. B. The water.
C. The boat. D. The wind.
7
7
D
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1．The underlined word/phrase“________”in the third paragraph means________. • 2．The underlined word“________”in the second paragraph can be replaced by________. • 3．Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“________”in the last paragraph? • 4．The underlined word“________”in the fourth paragraph refers to________.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 1. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比 关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
1.Most of us agreed, however, Bill (disagreed) dissented. 2.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly A
How to guess the meaning of words?
高分秘笈
生活 常识 上下文 对比 转折
定义
构词法
猜
因果 关系
同义词 反义词 同位 关系
1. Definition 定义法
猜 测 词 义
2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
(adj. 大的)
3. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
Not hear what you said concentrate/focus her attention on
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้据同义词，
3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代 and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
… 2.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _____. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupid D. Dave was shy
高三专题复习
阅读理解之一
猜测词义
“得阅读者，得高分” 让我们一起努力， 征服阅读，战胜高考！
If you come across new
when reading,
words
What will you do
?
•Look them up in the dictionary •Ignore them and continue reading
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.
12
12
B
通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒 号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容
3.They will be on the night shift — from midnight to 6 a. m. — next week.
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A.she was absent-minded B. she was nervous C. she was excited D.she was curious
由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到 “night shift”意思为“夜班”。
1.定义法
Guess the Meaning of the Word
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇 或破折号来表示
2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
3.(2013· 四川卷E篇)“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr. Garfinkel said. 49. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?