Unit 6.Introduction
新核心大学英语2Unit6
Key vocabulary and phrases
Topic-related vocabulary
The article should be scanned for words and phrases that are related to the topic. These can give a better understanding of the topic and help identify the main arguments or ideas.
Learning objectives
01 02 03 04
Understand the current trends and challenges in the job market.
Examine the impact of technology on employment and the job market.
03
Language Point Learning
Vocabulary extension
总结词
掌握核心词汇
详细描述
本单元重点学习核心词汇，包括常用的动词、名词、形 容词和副词等，通过例句和练习加深对词汇的理解和记 忆。
总结词
拓展词汇量
详细描述
除了学习核心词汇外，学生还需要通过阅读、听力等途 径积累更多的词汇，提高自己的词汇量，为英语表达打 下坚实的基础。
Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism, while Western culture emphasizes individualism.
Chinese culture emphasizes face and人情, while Western culture emphasizes personal freedom and privacy.
秘书英语unit 6
Listening & Speaking 2
A. Extensive Listening Miss Wang is meeting the delegation of Group Danone at the airport. Listen to the Listening & Speaking 2 and decide whether the following statements are T (true ) or F (false). （ ）1. Only Miss Wang is meeting the delegation of Group Danone. （ ）2. There’re altogether 3 members in the delegation. （ ）3. Mr. Smith is the head of the delegation. （ ）4. There’s a greeting party in the evening on that day.
C. Simulated Speaking Student A: You are the secretary of the Sales Department manager from Xin Niu Dairy Group. You’re now talking about China with a member of the delegation from Group Danone after meeting them at the airport. Student B: You are a member of the delegation from Group Danone. Now you’re having a chat about China with the secretary of the Sales Department manager from Xin Niu Dairy Group.
六年级下册语文第六单元策划书作文400字
六年级下册语文第六单元策划书作文400字示例回答如下1:Planning Document for Grade Six Chinese Language Unit SixIntroduction:This planning document outlines a comprehensive approach to teaching and writing a composition based on Unit Six of the Grade Six Chinese Language curriculum. Unit Six covers various aspects of language learning, including comprehension, vocabulary, and writing skills.Objectives:1. Comprehension: Enhance students' understanding of the texts included in Unit Six through guided reading and discussions.2. Vocabulary: Introduce and reinforce key vocabulary words related to the unit's themes.3. Writing Skills: Develop students' ability to organize their thoughts and express themselves coherently in writing.Approach:1. Pre-Reading Activities:- English Response:- Start with a brief discussion in English about the importance of reading comprehension and how it contributes to overall language proficiency.- 中文回答:- 通过小组讨论的方式，引导学生分享他们对阅读理解的看法，激发学生的学习兴趣。
学术英语写作Unit 6.Introduction(课堂PPT)
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
B1 Unit 3 Text 1 英汉对照 (原unit6)
19．Will was still reading a lot and he was already writing poems himself. He sometimes showed them to me，and I said they were very good。I didn't really know anything about poetry then, but he was my friend.
2．"What are you doing up there？" I called。
3．”Just getting a few apples，"he said, smiling.
4．”Those are Farmer Nash’s apples,” I said，”and he'll send his dogs after you if he sees you."
15．When Will left school，he worked for his father。John Shakespeare was a glove—maker, and he had other business too, like buying and selling sheep。But Will wasn't interested.
学术英语写作Unit-6.Introduction
9
➢Background (sentences 1-4) ➢Literature Review (sentences 5-6) ➢Unresolved Question (sentence 7) ➢The Present Paper (sentences 8-10)
In sentence 6 the writer provides a brief overview of key research projects in this area.
In sentence 7 the writer describes a gap in the research.
In sentence 8 the writer describes the paper itself. In sentence 9 the writer gives details about the
Unit 6 How to Write the Introduction
1
Teaching Procedures
1
Lead-in
2
Sample Analysis
Building a Model
4
Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Lead-in 1. What information should be contained in the Introduction?
13
➢ The Present Paper
8. The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9. On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber (PI). 10. This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations formed a novel polymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility .
高级英语-unit6-Mark-Twain-—Mirror-of-America
2016/11/8
8
In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21, 1910.
愛好像發生得很快然而它是一切成長中愛好像發生得很快然而它是一切成長中最緩慢的
Lesson Six
Mark Twain —Mirror of America
2016/11/8
1
Teaching Aims
1) 2) 3) 4)
To acquaint students with the major events in the history of USA. To acquaint students with the life and writing of Mark Twain. To acquaint students with the writing of biography. To help students to appreciate the rich rhetorical devices in the text
The proper office of a friend is to side with you when you are in the wrong. Nearly anybody will side with you when you are in the right. Loyalty to petrified opinions never yet broke a chain or freed a human soul in this world--and never will. Loves seems the swiftest, but it is the slowest of all growths. No man or woman really knows what perfect love is until they have been married a quarter of a century.愛好像發生得很快，然而它是一切成長中
三年级上册英语外研版三年级起点
三年级上册英语外研版三年级起点三年级上册英语外研版的起点主要内容包括以下几个部分：1. Unit 1：Introduction （介绍）
-学习如何用英语自我介绍。
-学习问候用语和礼貌用语。
2. Unit 2：Classroom （教室）
-学习常用的教室用品的词汇，如书、铅笔、橡皮等。
-学习描述教室的基本句型。
3. Unit 3：Colors（颜色）
-学习常见的颜色词汇。
-学习用英语描述物体的颜色。
4. Unit 4：Family（家庭）
-学习英文数字1-10。
-学习描述家庭成员的基本句型。
5. Unit 5：Hobbies（爱好）
-学习表示个人爱好的动词短语，如draw pictures、play football等。
-学习表达喜欢和不喜欢的句型。
6. Unit 6：Toys（玩具）
-学习常见的玩具词汇。
-学习用英语描述玩具的特征。
以上是根据三年级上册英语外研版的教材内容进行的简要总结。
具体教材内容可能因版本和出版社的不同而有所差异。
Unit-6-How-America-Lives-讲义
Unit 6 How America LivesLearning Objectives●Expositive writing developed by facts●Key language & grammar points●Writing strategies: deductive method, topic sentence●The survival of the American systemSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Picture ActivationCan you specify typical Americans?II. Pre- reading Questions1. With the ever-increasing contact between the Chinese and American peoples, we are getting to know each other better. Based on your communication with some Americans or your reading about that nation, what opinions do you hold about the American people?Open for discussion2. Chinese and Americans are two great peoples in the world. They have obvious similarities and differences. Make some comparison and contrast between them. Open for discussionSection Two Global ReadingI. Text IntroductionJames Albert Michener, in this text, shows readers changes of American society in: politics, courtship and marriage, feminist; and also the existence of three serious problems in: school education, jobs opportunities and welfare, and housing for the young.Despite these problems, the writer feels confident that America has good prospects. He feels proud of his motherland, of the great American people, and of the unique American democratic system.II. Culture Notes1. Puritanism (Paragraph 3)the practices and doctrines of the Puritans who were members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship. The movement was an attempt to remove Roman Catholic influences from the Church of England.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure2. balanced system of government (Paragraph 8)The concept refers to the three branches of the United States government —the legislative, the executive, and the judicial — that restrain and stabilize one another through their separated functions. The legislative branch, represented by the Congress, must pass bills before they can become law. The executive branch —namely, the president —can veto bills passed by the Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law. In turn, by a two-thirds vote, the Congress can override the president's veto. The Supreme Court may invalidate acts of the Congress by declaring them contrary to the Constitution of the United States, but the Congress can change the Constitution through the amendment process.III. AuthorJames Albert Michener(1907-1997), American writer, became known for the voluminous research he incorporates and makes accessible and interesting in his writings. His books typically provide a detailed discussion of the history and geography of specific regions. His wide ranging writing career began when his experiences during World War II provided the material for a book of short stories, Tales of the South Pacific (1947); for which he received the 1984 Pulitzer Prize in fiction.His other works include Sayonara (1954); Hawaii (1959); Chesapeake (1978); The Covenant (1980); Poland (1982); Texas (1985); and Alaska (1988); The Novel (1991); Recessional (1994); A Miracle in Seville (1995); The Bridge at Andau (1957); Iberia: Spanish Travels and Reflections (1968); A Michener Miscellany: 1950-1970 (1973); Michener's memoir, The World Is My Home (1992).IV. Structural AnalysisPart I(1) reality: Americans still follow many of the old ways, similarities thandifferences.Part II(2-4) major changes in American societyPart III(5-7) main problems in American societyPart IV(8-9) explains why America has good prospects and why the American system has survived and should survive.Section Three Detailed ReadingHOW AMERICA LIVESJames Albert Michener1. Americans still follow many of the old ways. In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to. Young people still get married (2.41million couples last year as opposed to only 1.52 million in 1960). Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries. In fact, when you compare the America of today with that of 1950, the similarities are far greater than the differences.2. Americans seem to be growing conservative. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge. We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation.3. Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously. Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it's been difficult for some families to handle the changes.4. American women are changing the rules. Thirty years ago I could not have imagineda group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. But they are doing this— and with the support of many men who recognize the justice of their claims. At work, at play, at all levels of living women are suggesting new rules.5. America is worried about its schools. If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements. But I would doubt that the child would get any better education than I did in my good public school. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.Detailed Reading6. Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs. When I think of a typical welfare recipient I think of a young neighbor woman whose husband was killed in a tragic accident, leaving her with three young children. In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together and produced three fine, tax-paying citizens. I like that kind of social assistance and am willing to support it. America is essentially a compassionate society.7. America cannot find housing for its young families. I consider this the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. For more than a decade, travelers like me have been aware that in countries like Sweden, Denmark, Russia and India young people have found it almost impossible to acquire homes. In Sweden the customary wait was11 years of marriage, and we used to ask, "what went wrong?" It seemed to us thata major responsibility of any nation would be to provide homes for its young people starting their families. Well, this dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States, and for the same reasons. The builders in our society find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent but find it impossible to erect small homes for young marrieds. For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected.8. Our prospects are still good. I find our chances to be at least as good as those of any other nation and probably better. We have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world's best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. We also have a magnificent mixture of peoples from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths. But most of all, we have a unique and balanced system of government.9. I think of America as having the oldest form of government on earth, because since we started our present democracy in 1789, every other nation has sufferedeither parliamentary change or revolutionary change. It is our system that has survived and should survive, giving the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness.I. AnalysisParagraph 1 AnalysisThe first paragraph is the introductory part of the essay. It mentions and illustrates the main idea that Americans still follow many of the old ways though differences are obvious in American life. The last sentence tells us that a comparison of the America of today with that of 1950 shows that there are more similarities than differences.Detailed ReadingParagraph 2-4 AnalysisThese three paragraphs, the second part of the essay, tell us about the major changes that have taken place and that are occurring in American life. From these paragraphs we get to know that Americans are growing conservative, that they have changed their patterns of courtship and marriage, enjoying much more freedom in these two aspects, and that American women are changing the old rules and suggesting new rules. After reading these three paragraphs, we can also have a clear idea of the writer's attitude towards these changes in American life. Obviously, he fully supports and welcomes them.Paragraph 5-7 Analys isThese three paragraphs, the third part of the essay, point out the main problems in American society: American schools are not as good as before; Americans who cannot find jobs do not get sufficient welfare; America shows itself impotent to house its young people. From these paragraphs, we can also see the writer's opinions of these problems.Paragraph 8-9 AnalysisThese two paragraphs, the concluding part of the essay, draw our attention to the writer's opinions of the nation's prospects and its system. It is worth noting that the writer provides good reasons for his opinions. From the conclusion, we can also get to know that the writer feels proud of his motherland and thinks highly of the American people and particularly the American system.II. Questions for ParagraphsParagraph 1: Questions1. Which sentences in this part show the main similarities and differences between American life in the present and that in the past?The following sentences show the main similarities and differences. "Young people still get married (2.41million couples last year as opposed to only 1.52 million in 1960). Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries."2. In what ways are Americans generous?They are always ready to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries.Paragraph 2-4: Questions1. According to this part, what major changes have taken place or are taking place in American society? Give an account of them.First of all, Americans are growing conservative in terms of their political and social attitudes. In the 1960s and 1970s, Americans broke out of old restraints. But the 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. Since the beginning of the 1980s, Americans have become more conservative.Secondly, patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. When the author was a child, there prevailed an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and many people in his generation suffered grievously.Now people enjoy much more freedom in terms of courtship and marriage. Thirdly, American women, who are no longer discriminated against, are changing the old rules. For example, they are bold enough to sue a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which has been denied them. And women in universities are courageous enough to go up to the men who run the athletic programs and demand a just share of the physical education budget. All this was unimaginable in the past. Nowadays, at work, at play, at all levels of life, women are suggesting new rules.2. Pick out the sentences that indicate the writer's positive attitude towards the changes.1) "We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation." This sentence implies that the writer welcomes changes towards the traditional values and beliefs. 2) "Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today" This sentence tells us that the writer warmly welcomes the freer patterns of courtship and marriage in contemporary American life. 3) “demanding a just share of the physical education budge t. But they are doing this —and with the support of many men who recognize the justice of their claims. From his use of "a just share" and "the justice of their claims", we can infer that the writer fully supports American women who are changing the rules.Paragraph 5: QuestionWhat does the writer think of American schools?James Albert Michener thinks that American schools are not as good as they once were. According to him, public schools are not very safe, they are not very strict with their pupils, and they do not set rigorous academic demands on them. In his opinion, good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and private schools do not provide satisfactory education, either, though they are better than public schools.Paragraph 6: QuestionDoes the writer applaud social assistance to the poor and the jobless? Support your answer by quoting the relevant sentences.Yes, he does. Clearly, he strongly advocates that social assistance be further promoted in America, which can be seen from the following sentences: "Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs? I like that kind of social assistance and am willing to support it."Paragraph 7: Questions1. Why cannot America find accommodation for its young married couples?Because the builders find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent, but they find it impossible to erect small homes for young married couples. In other words, the builders in American society do not want to build small homes for young married people because the building of small homes is less profitable.2. What is the writer's attitude towards the young people's housing problem in America?The writer considers the housing problem the young Americans are faced with to be the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and he is appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. In his opinion, for a great nation like America to show itself impotent to house its young people means that it admits a failure that must be corrected.Paragraph 8: QuestionWhy does the writer say that America has good prospects despite its problems?He believes that America has chances that are at least as good as those of any other nation and probably better, and that Americans have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world's best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. America boasts a magnificent blend of peoples from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths, and that most of all, America has a unique and balancedsystem of government.Paragraph 9: QuestionWhy has the American system survived and why should it survive?Because, according to the writer, the American system of government is a truly democratic system; it has not experienced either parliamentary change or revolutionary change; moreover, it offers the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness.III. Language Work of ParagraphsParagraph 1“In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to.”Paraphrase: In a time of quick transformation it is necessary for us to remember how many of the old ways we still adhere to.cling (on) to sb. or sth.: to hold on tightly to sb. or sth.; be unwilling to abandon it or refuse to give it up; become attached to it or stick to ite.g. The rescuers saw the survivors clinging to a raft.She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Don't cling to the curb when you are driving.“They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want thei r children to have religious instruction.”Paraphrase:They belong to particular groups of Christians, even though they attend religious services a bit less often, and they want their children to receive religious instruction.Paragraph 2“Americans seem to be growing conservative.”Paraphrase: Americans seem to be increasingly opposed to great or sudden changes. conservative adj. in favor of preserving the status quo and traditional values and customs, and against abrupt changese.g. He made a conservative guess of the floating population in Shanghai.Is it true that old people are usually more conservative than the young?“The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned.”Paraphrase: The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, indicated a definite change to the right in terms of the voters' political and social attitudes.the Senate: the upper house of the law-making assembly in some countries, e.g. France, the USA, and Australiathe House of Representatives: the assembly of elected representatives in the central government of the USA, Australia and New Zealand“It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge.”Paraphrase: It seems as though during the 1960s and 1970s we Americans made bold efforts to escape from old restrictions and now intend to put an end to it, just as cautious people often do after excessive indulgence.jealously adv. watchfully, carefullye.g. The publishing house is jealously protective of the copyright of all its books.restraint n. restriction, sth. that checks or controlse.g. I sharply feel the restraints of a limited income on the family budget.They imposed restraints on wage settlements.brake n. a device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc.; (fig.) restraint on sth.e.g. His brakes failed on a steep hill.The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending.Ignorance acts as a brake to progress.binge n. (infml) time of wild eating and drinking; excessive indulgence in anythinge.g. He went on a three-day binge.Business slowed down after a week-long shopping binge.“We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation.”Paraphrase: We hope and feel confident that traditional family values will be reaffirmed and pornography rigorously restricted, that those who have abandoned religion will come back to it, and that some kinds of social legislation will be turned down.reaffirmation n. an act of stating sth. positively againe.g. His reaffirmation of loyalty impressed the Queen.His reaffirmation that he was ready to help touched our hearts.The government's reaffirmation of its principles caused strong responsesfrom all the developing countries.pornography n. describing or showing sexual acts in order to arouse sexual desires; books, films, plays, etc. that do this.e.g. Many people strongly believe that pornography is dehumanizing.The government launched a prohibition campaign against pornography. legislation n. action of making laws; the laws made.e.g. Legislation will be difficult and take time.Legislation is essential in every country.The major function of Congress is legislation.Paragraph 3“Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically.”Paraphrase: People have thoroughly changed the ways in which they date and marry. pattern n. the way in which sth. happens, moves, develops or is arranged; excellent examplee.g. Such behavior patterns are not to be imitated.These sentences have the same grammatical pattern.The company's profit-sharing scheme set a pattern for others.courtship n. spending time together with a view to marriage; the period of romantic relationship before marriagee.g. They married after a brief courtship.Their long courtship ended in failure.“Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously.”Paraphrase: With regard to sex, I was brought up in an environment where suspicion, repression and Puritanism dominated. Although stoutly-built young people can endure almost anything, many people in my generation had awful experiences.repression n. restraining or suppressing; being restrained or suppressed; action of forcing desires and urges, esp. those in conflict with accepted standards of conduct, into the unconscious mind, often resulting in abnormal behaviore.g. His childhood was characterized by repression and solitude.They held a discussion about unhealthy sexual repression.Puritanism n. practices and beliefs of a Puritan, a person who is extremely strict in morals and who tends to regard pleasure as sinfule.g. Puritans strictly practice Puritanism.Puritanism is not very popular nowadays.husky adj. big and strong; dry in the throat, sounding slightly hoarsee.g. Those basketball players are all husky young men.Our teacher is still a bit husky after his bad cold.“Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it's being difficult for some families to hand le the changes.” Paraphrase: I fully praise or approve of the less rigid patterns of courtship and marriage today, despite the fact that, in my opinion, some families are finding it very hard to cope with these changes.Paragraph 3“Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against.”Paraphrase:Thirty years ago, it would be simply unimaginable that a contingent of women employees should sue a major company for millions of dollars of salary which was their due but was denied them by the corporation just because they were the "weaker sex".sue vt. make a legal claim (against sb.)e.g. The boss was sued for breaching the contract.The man is suing for a divorce.allege vt. state sth. as a fact without proof; give sth. as an argument or excusee.g. The prisoner alleged that he was at home on the night of the crime.He alleged illness as the reason for his absence.“Nor could I have imagined women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget.” Paraphrase: Nor could I have accepted the fact that university women should go up to the men in charge of the sports plans, and ask for an equal share of the amount of money allotted for their physical education.athletic adj. of athletes or athletics; physically strong, healthy and activee.g. He often goes to an athletic club.He has an athletic figure.She looks very athletic.budget n. an estimate or plan of how money will be spent over a period of time, in relation to the amount of money available; amount of money needed or allotted for a specific purposee.g. I could not go to the restaurant with you because of my tight budget.She limits herself to a daily budget of ten pounds.A family on a budget cannot afford meat every day.“who recognize the justice of their claims”Paraphrase: who admit that their claims are justified.Paragraph 3“If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements.”Paraphrase: Should I have a child of school age today, I would have him or her receive education at a private school, where security for kids is guaranteed, discipline is enforced, and strict scholastic expectations are placed on them.Note:It is necessary to note that this sentence is in the subjunctive mood. The sentence tells us indirectly that American private schools are safe, they impose strict discipline on their pupils, and that they set rigorous academic demands on them. Therefore, we readers could naturally come to the conclusion that American public schools are not very safe, they do not impose strict discipline, and that they have no rigorous academic requirements.rigorous adj. very strict; strictly accurate or detailede.g. She did not receive any rigorous training in athletics, but she gota prize at the sports meet.You must make a rigorous analysis of the text before you can translate it well.“B ut I would doubt that the child would get any better education than I did in my good public school.”ExplanationThis sentence implies that the author is more than certain that even private schools in America today do not provide any better education than the good public school where he received education. In other words, the author believes that even private schools in America today cannot be compared with good public schools in the past in terms of the education quality.“The problem is that good publ ic schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.” Paraphrase: The problem is that nowadays good public schools are becoming fewer and fewer, and I would not run the risk of sending my kids to one of them. inadequate adj. not sufficient or enough; not good enough for a particular purpose; not sufficiently able or confident to deal with a difficult situatione.g. These security precautions are totally inadequate in face of terrorism.The war refugees have inadequate supplies.She felt inadequate when faced with so tough a task.Paragraph 6“Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs.”Paraphrase: As it seems quite clear that only a certain proportion of all the available workers are needed to produce sufficient food and goods, etc. to meet the needs of all the American people, some kind of social welfare assistance must be provided for those who are not able to find any jobs.dole sth. out: distribute (esp. food, money, etc.) in small amountse.g. Allowances are grudgingly doled out to the elderly.The donated money was doled out to the tsunami-stricken victims.。
Unit6 Task 课件 2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册
Para.5 Thanks a lot for yCouornhecllpu. sion: Thanks for help.
Peter
FinOduotulitntehoefuaseleftutleerxfporehsesilopns
Dear all, Beginning
… needWouhrohenlepe. ds help
operation as soon as possible. Otherwiseh, heelpm?ay lose his life.
Para.4
I am light
writing to ask work. If all of
for your help. us can give a
hPellepaisnegHdhoaonnwadt,ehcmeaomnnaewyy. geMethawneyellphl aa?ngdasinmsaokoen.
Para.3 Xiao Wei’s parentsMareabinothbfoardmyers. TheWy dhoynodt ohatvhe eenyoungehemdonoeuyrfor
such an operation. However, it is important for Xiao Wei to have the
3a.nHswowerctahne wqueehsetilopnXs.iao Wei?
We can donate money.
Pre-writing
General
Who
needs help
Peter organizes his ideas
Information about the person in need
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Background Literature Review Unresolved Question
The Present Paper
3
2. What is the purpose of writing the Introduction? 3. How does the Introduction differ from the Abstract? 4. How do writers normally start the Introduction? 5. What type of information should be included in the Introduction, and in what order? 6. How do writers normally end the Introduction?
4
Typical complaints of referees
The Introduction occupies too high a proportion of the entire paper and contains too many general statements that are widely known. The rational and objectives are not defined and the whole section is completely disorganized- it is not clear what problem the author is addressing or trying to solve and why they chose their particular methodology. Much of the initial part is essentially a cut and paste from the Abstract.
Unit 6 How to Write the Introduction
1
Teaching Procedures
1
Lead-in Sample Analysis Building a Model Grammar and Writing Skills
2
3
4
2
Lead-in 1. What information should be contained in the Introduction?
12
Unresolved Question
7. However , although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago,8 little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component.
5
The author has not related the background information to the objective of the paper. Please remember that the paper may be read by inexperienced Ph.D. students or others starting their work in your specific field. Hence, please add an explanation or at least a reference when mentioning notions related to… and terminology for…
13
The Present Paper
8. The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9. On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber (PI). 10. This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations formed a novel polymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility .
9
Background Literature
(sentences 1-4)
Review (sentences 5-6)
Unresபைடு நூலகம்lved
The
Question (sentence 7)
Present Paper (sentences 8-10)
10
Background
1. Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits . 2. PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3. It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4. However , it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
11
Literature Review
5. One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6. For example , Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
In sentence 1 the writer establishes the importance of this research topic. In sentence 2 the writer provides general background information. In sentence 3 the writer does the same as in Sentence 1 and2, but in a more specific/detailed way. In sentence 4 the writer describes the general problem area or the current research focus of the field.
6
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4 5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7 7.However, although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago,8 little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component. 8.The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9.On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydrocarbon rubber (PI). 10.This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations formed a novel polymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility. 7