条件壮语从句语法讲解和习题巩固(附答案)

If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 语法讲解和习题巩固（附答案)条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，在初中阶段常由if(如果)和unless引导，表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。

例如：Please call me if he is at home.假如他在家的话，请给我打电话。

：一、if条件句if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是―如果‖的意思。

构成条件从句主句时态If＋一般现在时主语＋shall/will+动词原形例句If he comes, he will take us to the zoo.用法：(一)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为―如果、假如‖，主句不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。

If you leave now, you are never going to remember it. (错误)If you leave now, you will never remember it. (正确)if ―如果‖，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，如：If it rains tomorrow, I won't climb the hills.另外，主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，从句也用一般现在时。

如：Please call me if he comes next Sunday. Can you call the policeman if you are in the trouble. 注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。

宾语从句中的if的意思是―是否‖，相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。

如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用任何时态，通常情况下，如果主句用一般过去时，从句必须用过去式的某种形式。

例如：I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。

Our teacher said there was going to be a football match the next month.我们说下月将有场足球比赛。

(二)unless引导的条件句，表示强烈的否定。

翻译为―除非……‖。

―非……不可。

‖I won’t go unless he asks me . 他不来请我我就不去。

You will fail unless you work harder . 你不努力就会失败的。

Don’t come unless I call you . 我不叫你就别来。

（注意）unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式，因为本身unless表示否定。

误: Unless you do not work ,you will fail .正：Unless you work hard ,you will fail . 正：If you don’t work hard ,you will fail .注意：在学习条件状语从句时，同学们要注意以下几点：（1）、时态如果主句是一般将来时态，这时从句不可以用将来时态，而要用一般现在时。

例如：I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。

（2）、主从句的位置大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。

不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。

例如：Please tell me if he comes back.= If he comes back, please tell me.如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。

（3）、if的两面性if引导条件状语从句时意为―如果‖，如果引导宾语从句则意为―是否‖。

请比较：1) We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.句1)中if引导的是状语从句。

这个从句表示―条件‖，整个句子的意思是―如果明天天气好，我们就出去‖。

句2)中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，整个句子的意思是―我不知道火车是否到了‖。

I'll write to your parents if you're late again.如果你再迟到,我就给你父母写信。

(之后）Unless you have already spoken to her,I will be very angry.除非你已经对她说过了,否则我会很生气。

（之前）（3)在条件状语从句中的从句和主句如果主语相同，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是―祈使句+and / or+简单句‖。

其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为―否则‖。

例如：If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.= Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam.如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。

If you don’t hurry up, you’ll m iss the train.= Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。

Ⅰ.单项选择1.If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.A. will goB. wentC. goD. going2. It will be a long time ____ Peter _____ his work.A. since, has finishedB. after, finishesC. when, will finishD. before, finishes.3. I don't know if he _____ tomorrow．If he _____，I'll tell you．A．will come；comes B．comes；comes C．comes；will D．is coming；is coming4. Weifang is famous ______ kites.A. forB. toC. onD. with5.I ____ her the answer if she ____me.A. can tell, will askB. will tell, will askC. would tell, askD. will tell, asks6. – What are you going to do tomorrow? --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ____.A. isn’t rainB. rainC. won’t rainD. doesn’t rain7.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. may come8. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home vis it?A. goB. wentC.goingD. will go9. If I eat ____ food, I’ll be very fat.A. too manyB. many tooC. too muchD. much too10. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.A. will comeB. comesC. is comingD. came11. There ____an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to haveB. will haveC. is going to beD. has12. Could you tell us where ____？A. will the next Olympic Games heldB. the next Olympic Games will be heldC. would the next Olympic Games be heldD. the next Olympic Games would be held13. When my mother returned last night, I ____ a book.A. readB. am readingC. was readingD. am going to read14.What ____ you ____ when it began to rain?A. do, doB. were, doingC. are, doingD. did, do15. I’ll wake you up when he ____back.A. willB. is going to comeC. comesD. come16.If it ______ sunny tomorrow, I ____ boating.A. is goB. will be, goC. is, will goD. will be, will go17.----what will you do if it ______ tomorrow, ----I’ll stay at home and watch TV.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining18. I’ll go to meet you，if I _____ free then.A. would beB. will beC. amD. was19.Work hard if you _____ to get good grades.A. wantedB. wantingC. wantD. will want20.I want to know if you _____ to the party tomorrow. ---I will if I free.A. will come; amB. come; amC. will come; will beD. come; will beII. 同义句转换1. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school._____ you ______ _______ fast, you’ll be late for school.2. You can buy the dictionary if you take enough money with you.Take enough money with you, ______ _____ ______ buy the dictionary.3. If there is no air, none of us can live. None of us can live _____ ______.4.Work harder,or you will fail in the exam.you work harder, you will fail in the exam.5.Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.you take more care, you’ll have an accident.Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.If she ______ (finish ) work early ,she ______(go) home.2.If the weather______（be）fine，we_______(go)for a walk .3. If I_____(have) time tonight ,I _______(finish) the book I’m reading.4. If It ______(rain) next weekend , we_______(not be able to ) plant the vegetable .5. If it_______(rain),we______(stay) at home .6.If she______(arrive) ,she _____(phone) me .7. If he_____(call),tell him I’ll ring back .8. Unless you_____(work) harder ,you_____(not)pass the the exams .9. He _____(not speak ) to you unless you_____(speak) to him first .10.I don’t know if it ______(rain) tomorrow .If it _____(rain) , we _____(not go )to school.1---5 CDAAD 6---10 DAACB 11---15 CBCBC 16--20CBCCAII. 同义句转换1. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. If you don't run fast, you’ll be late for school.2. You can buy the dictionary if you take enough money with you.Take enough money with you, and you can buy the dictionary.3.If there is no air, none of us can live. None of us can live without air4.Work harder,or you will fail in the exam. If you don't work harder, you will fail in the exam.5.Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.If you don't take more care, you’ll have an accident.Ⅲ.1.finishes ,will go 2.is ,will go 3.have , will finish 4.rains , won't be able to 5.rains, will stay 6.arrives, will phone 7.calls 8.works, won't 9.won't speak ,speak 10.will rain, rains,won't go。