虚拟语气
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式虚拟语气是用来表达非真实、未实现或假设情况的一种语法形式。
在中文和英语中都存在虚拟语气，但在两种语言中的使用方式和形式略有不同。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在英语中的常见用法和形式。
一、陈述虚拟语气1. 表达过去的虚拟虚拟语气的过去形式常用于表示与现实情况相反的假设或可能性，常用动词包括"be"、"have"、"were"等。
例如：- If I were you, I would apologize to her.- I wish I had studied harder for the exam.2. 表达现在的虚拟现在虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不确定的假设，常用动词包括"be"、"suggest"、"recommend"等。
例如：- It's about time she got a promotion.- I suggest that he be more careful next time.3. 表达将来的虚拟将来虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设，常用动词包括"should"、"were to"等。
例如：- If I should win the lottery, I would buy a big house.- If it were to rain, the event would be canceled.二、命令虚拟语气当表示一种命令、建议或要求时，常使用虚拟语气来显得客气或委婉。
例如：- I suggest that you arrive on time for the meeting.- It's important that he be there for the ceremony.三、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对过去、现在或将来的愿望、期望或希望。
虚拟语气用法归纳表格
虚拟语气用法归纳表格1、虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等非真实的情况。
11 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If I were you, I would study harder111 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋ have ＋过去分词例如：If I had known the truth, I wouldn't have made such a mistake 112 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形或 If ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home121 wish 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反：从句用 would/could ＋动词原形例如：I wish I were a bird （与现在事实相反）122 would rather 后的宾语从句与现在或将来事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时例如：I would rather you came tomorrow （与将来事实相反）13 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用It is ＋形容词＋ that 句型中，形容词为 necessary, important, strange 等时，从句用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
例如：It is necessary that we （should) study hard14 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用与主语从句类似，在 suggestion, proposal, order 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
虚拟语气的八种情况
No.1虚拟语气的常见类型和句型(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren’t so lazy.(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
（完整版）英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气，用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。
虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。
一、虚拟语气的用法：1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止：- 主语+动词原形+宾语（动词原形要用动词底形、如be）；- 主语+动词原形+that从句（用于表达建议、命令、禁止，动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词）。
例句：- It is important that he be present at the meeting.（建议）- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.（建议）- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.（命令）2.表达愿望、请求、要求：-主语+动词过去式；- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形；- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。
例句：- I wish I could fly.（愿望）- I would appreciate it if you could help me.（请求）3.表示虚拟条件：- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词；- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时，主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。
例句：- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.（虚拟条件）- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.（虚拟条件）4.表达建议、要求、祝愿：- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。
虚拟语气用法总结
概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这 种形式称为语气。语气分三种： 1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有 肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。
He is late for class. What fun!
He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告 等（动词常用原形） Don’t be late！ 3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假 设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
2.If I were you, I would accept his advice. Were I you,……
3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,
（或用could have done） 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do/be
I wish (that)he_w_o_u_ld_/_c_ou_l_d_/m__ig_h_t v_i_si(tvisit) us tomorrow.
I wish (that) he__v_i_si_te_d___(visit)us today. I wish he_h_a_d_v_i_si_t_ed__u_s/_c_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_v_is_i_te_d__u_s (visit) us yIfeosntelyrdyaoyu. __h_a_d_li_s_te_n_e_d___ （listen)to our advice!
虚拟语气(整理版)
虚拟语气(整理版)虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气指不行能实现的愿望或与事实相反的状况，而不表示客观存在的事实。
大致可分为以下几种状况：一、虚拟条件句（Unreal conditions）(一)含有if条件句的主从句的虚拟语气总结：1. If条件句中谓语动词的虚拟结构是在本来陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态（对未来虚拟的were to do/should do例外）2. 主句要借助于情态动词的过去式，后跟动词原形（现在或未来）或have done(过去)；if条件句中只浮现一个情态动词，即对未来虚拟的should.3.做此类题目时一定要分清是从句还是主句谓语动词的虚拟，还要掌握好时态。
注重：1. 在虚拟条件从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用”were”，不用was。
2. 在虚拟条件状语中假如有were, should, had这三个词中任何一个，可省略if，把这三个词提到主语提之前, 变成：were/should/had +主语+剩余成分。
3.在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren…t I todo。
4.在表示与未来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might 等。
5.主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might 可以用于各种人称（二）混合虚拟条件句当假设条件句的主句和从句不表达同一时光的时候，我们应使用混合时光的假设条件句，动词的形式要分离按照它所表示的不同时光做相应的调节，变法同if条件虚拟句的主从句谓语动词变法。
（三）含蓄条件句在含蓄条件句中，我们常使用otherwise ，or, but以及with ，without ，but for开头的介词短语来代替条件句。
注：1. but for =1)If it weren’t fo r(对普通现在时虚拟)2)If it hadn’t been for(对普通过去时虚拟)2.分句（直陈）+otherwise/or+分句→对主句谓语动词的虚拟3.分句（对主句谓语动词虚拟）+but/unfortunately+分句（直陈）4.with/without/but for+宾语+句子（对主句谓语动词虚拟）填空：1. 假如现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
虚拟语气总结
虚拟语气总结虚拟语气是中文语法中的一个重要部分，它用来表示与事实相反、与现实不符或者与实际情况相违背的假设条件。
在句子中，虚拟语气可以通过动词变化、词语搭配或者语气的转变来表示。
在本文中，我们将对虚拟语气进行总结和探讨。
一、虚拟语气的分类虚拟语气主要分为三种形式：假设虚拟语气、愿望虚拟语气和建议虚拟语气。
假设虚拟语气用来表示与事实相反或者与现实情况不符的假设条件。
例如：“如果我是你，我就不会这样做。
”这句话中，“我是你”的前提是与实际情况不符的。
愿望虚拟语气用来表达对现实情况的一种希望或者愿望。
例如：“我希望我能够飞起来。
”这句话中，“我能够飞起来”是与现实情况相悖的。
建议虚拟语气用来表示一种建议或者命令的语气。
例如：“你最好不要再迟到了。
”这句话中，“你最好不要迟到”是一种与现实情况相反的建议。
二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法在语法中有一定的规则。
在假设虚拟语气中，如果条件是与现实相反的假设，一般用“如果”、“要是”、“虽然”等连词引导。
在愿望虚拟语气中，可以使用“但愿”、“要是”、“如果”等词语来引导。
在建议虚拟语气中，常用的引导词有“最好”、“最宜”、“要是”等。
虚拟语气的主要表示方式是通过动词的变化。
在汉语中，动词的变化包括假定语气动词的使用、词语搭配的改变和语气的转换。
例如，在假设虚拟语气中，“是”可以变为“要是”、“如果”、“虽然”等；在愿望虚拟语气中，动词可以添加“了”、“吧”等语气词来表示虚拟语气。
有一些常用的虚拟语气的表达方式。
例如，在假设虚拟语气中，可以用“要是”+现在时态表示现在虚拟，用“要是”+过去时态表示过去虚拟。
在愿望虚拟语气中，可以用“但愿”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种希望，用“但愿”+过去时态表示对过去情况的一种希望。
在建议虚拟语气中，可以用“要是”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种建议或者命令。
三、虚拟语气的意义和作用虚拟语气在语言交际中有着重要的意义和作用。
它可以用来表示一种假设条件或者与事实相反的情况，让语言变得更加丰富和灵活。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结
虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If + 主语+ 动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）），主句（主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+had+过去分词），主句（主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词）。
- 例如：If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.（如果他听了我的建议，他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议，也没通过考试）3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形），主句（主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定，但这是一种假设情况）- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.（如果他明天来，我就会告诉他这个消息）- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.（如果我明天见到她，我就会把书给她）三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
虚拟语气1.作用：用来表示说话人所说的话不是现实，只是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
这种假设是不可能发生或不大可能发生或实现的。
（1）过去相反①如果你昨天去那里了，你就会看到那个明星了 If you had gone there, you would have seen that superstar.②如果我没生病，我就可以知道老师教了什么内容。
If I had not been ill, I would have known of what the teacher taught.（2）与现在相反①如果我现在是个老师，我就会让学生们做好多作业。
If I were a teacher now, I would ask students to do a lot of homework.②如果我现在是个成人，我就会做我想做的。
If I were an adult, I would do what I want to do.③如果我现在去那里，我就会得到那个礼物。
If I went there, I would get thatpresent.（3）与将来的①如果你明天不去上课，我就给你买冰激凌。
If you did not go to school tomorrow, I would buy an ice-cream for you. If you were not to go to school,I would buy an ice-cream for you ②如果你这样做，我会打算让你通过考试。
Ifyou should do this, I would decide to let you pass the examination.（4）易错练习题:① if you _____your homework, your teacher ____ your parents yesterday.A.did, didn’t tellB. did, wouldn’t tellC.had done, wouldn’t tellD. had done, wouldn’t have told分析：时态，② ____Tom was ill, I would have not told Tom the truth.A.If I know,B. if I knew,C.if I had known,D.if I have known（5）虚拟条件的倒装：把从句中if省略，把动词had，were，should 提到主语之前，意思不会发生任何改变。
Eg：①Had you gone there, you would have seen that superstar.② Had I not been ill, I would have known of what the teacher taught.③Were I a teacher now, I would ask students to do a lot of homework.④Did you not go to school tomorrow, I would buy an ice-cream for you.⑤Were you not to go to school, I would buy an ice-cream for you⑥Should you do this, I would decide to let you pass the examination.3.错综时间条件句。
特点：主句和从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句、从句谓语动词的形式因时间的不同而不同。
解决办法（注意事项）：时间状语的提示，注意事实与虚拟的混合。
⑴如果你昨天询问他了，那么现在你就知道怎么做了。
If you had consulted him, you wouldknow how to do now.(2)如果你以前学习了，你会在明天面试中有优势。
If you had studied before, you would have an advantage in tomorrow’s job interview. （3）如果你去那儿事情就会好些，可是你还要做你的作业If you went there, things would be better, but you have to do your homework. 4.含蓄虚拟条件句有时从句中根本既没有if，也不是省略if的倒装从句，还是有虚拟的意思。
一般主要体现在一些词或短语中。
还是用于表达情感的。
But, but for, but that,（要不是） with, without,(没有要不是) except for（要不是）, under more favorable condition（要是在更合适的环境下）等。
provided, provide that, on condition that, 如果，要是那样的话unfortunately等例如：① but for your help, I would not have pass the exam.② without his teaching, I would have never understood the meaning of my work.③ Except for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.④5.一种用虚拟语气时总是should+v原形（1）用于命令，决定，建议，要求，请求，坚决要求等词后的that分句中用should+v原形这些动词是order, decide, suggest，decree， demand，request，insist，propose，recommend， require，prefer。
名词为，order，decision，suggestion，decree， demanding，request， insistence，proposition，recommendation。
Eg：动词① He ordered that we should finish the task as soon as possible.② we all suggest that children should have a rest in the weekend.名词③ his order is that we should finish the task as soon as possible.④ his request is that you should do your homework at once/ right away.共同点：不论是名词还是动词，只要是以上情况都是用虚拟语气，形式为 should+ v原形（2）lest / for fear that/in case 防止，以防，① he educates his son every day lest/ for fear that/ in case his son should behave badly.② he walked quietly lest/ for fear that/ in case he should wake up the baby 共同点：不论时态是现在还是过去时，从句中都是虚拟语气用should+v原形此外， 1，用动词的过去式表示假设意义（重点掌握）It is（high/about）time that + v 过去式…括号内做程度修饰Eg: ①It’s high time that we finished the class.② it’s 7 o’clock. It is about time that you went to school.2.would rather/ would prefer 宁愿。
Eg：I am going to have a game, so I would rather you gave me a hand.Now you lose your chance, I would prefer you had listened to my adcice.3. wish学生有作业，如果是成人像家长一样，就不用做作业I wish I were an adult. 学生最担心考试，都希望考试考好。
I wish I had got 90 in the exam two days ago. 天天都要做作业，真想再周末能有空闲休息。
I wish I would have a good time in the weekend. 4．As if/as through 好像，仿佛He speaks as if he were a professor.The apple tastes as through it is sour.It looks as if it is going to rain.6.if only 要是。
就好了if only I knew your address.If only she had listened to my advice, he would not have a terrible result. 选择题：Would /should/could/ ought to have done 本。
做，结果没做Would not/ should not/ could not/ought not to have done 本不。
做，结果做了。