法律英语阅读Unit 1 Legal Studies
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法律英语阅读Unit 1 Legal Studies
今天开始将为大家连载四个单元的法律英语阅读，有笔记、短语和句子翻译哦！大家快收藏起来好好学习吧！
Notes
Law is regarded as a set of fixed principles…ignorance of which excuses no one, not even the less knowledgeable or less affluent members of society.
法律被认为是一整套固有的规则…不了解这套规则的人并不能因此而免除责任，即使他是这个社会中对此知之甚少，或并不那么富足的成员。
Law begins only when a coercive apparatus comes into existence to maintain control through enforcement of social norms.
只有在一种强制性的机构通过实施社会规范来维持控制时，法律才开始形成。
The control group need not be agents of a political entity.
控制集团不一定要是政治实体的代表。
Law as social engineering. Under this concept law is regarded as a means of social control which seeks to balance various competing conflicting interests and values within a society.
法律是社会的调节器。根据这个概念，法律作为社会控制的一种手段，力图将一个社会中各种纷洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩，是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英
争不同的权益和价值加以平衡。
to maintain the status quo in certain aspects of society.
维持社会某些方面的现状
to facilitate orderly change
有利于进行有序的变革
to facilitate planning and the realization of reasonable expectations
有利于计划和实现合理的预期目标
Courts will not turn to case decision for law if a statute is directly in point..
如果某一成文法条直接适用，法院不会到判例中去寻找法律依据。
A person or a body whom legislation power is delegated cannot, as can Parliament, make law about anything.
被授予立法权力的人或机构不能像议会那样对任何事情都有立法权。
Most delegated legislation is published as statutory instrument.
大多数的授权立法是以制定法式的文件颁布。
Phrase Translation
各种相互冲突的利益various competing conflicting interests
实体法和程序法substantive law and procedural law
公法和私法public law and private law
法律的功能function of law
法的渊源sources of law
社会规范的总和the sum of social norms
洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩，是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英
国家强制力compulsory state power
刑事司法体系criminal justice system
防止不规范prevent non-conformity
维持现状maintain status quo
Sentence Translation
在普通法系的国家中，法律不仅包括宪法和成文法，在一些司法管辖中，判例法也可能成为有约束力的法律的一部分
In the Common Law counties, law not only includes constitution and statutes, in some jurisdictions, case law may also become part of the body of law having binding effect. 文明社会中法律最根本的目的是维护秩序。
The fundamental purpose of law in a civilized society is to maintain order.
法律离不开一个强制性机构，这个机构通过强制人们遵守社会规范而保持控制。
Law is dependent on a coercive apparatus which maintains control through enforcement of social norms.
有时法律被划分为实体法和程序法、实体法被直接用于解决纠纷，而程序法规定法庭处理案件的程序。程序法也可能影响案件的结果。
Sometimes law is classified into substantive law and procedural law. Substantive law is used to directly resolve the disputes, and procedural law provides for the procedure by which the court handles a case. Procedural law may also affect the outcome of a lawsuit.
大陆法系国家已把它们的法律编纂成法典，因此，在这些国家，法的主要渊源是成文法而不是判洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩，是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英
例。
The Civil Law counties have codified their laws, therefore, the main source of law in those countries is to be found in the statutes rather than in the case.
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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.
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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller
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阅读教学的定义 《英语课程标准》指出：“ 语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。听和读是理解的技能，说和写是表达的技能；这四种技能在语言学习和交际中相辅相成、相互促进。学生应通过大量的专项和综合性语言实践活动，形成综合语言运用能力。为真实语言交际打基础。（《英语课程标准》，第 9 页） 英语课程标准》阅读五级要求： 1 ．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； 2 ．能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 3 ．能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4 ．能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5 ．能根据不同阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； 6 ．能利用字典等工具书进行学习； 7 ．除教材外，课外阅读量达到 5 万词以上 ,累计 15万字。 阅读教学的目的 教师通过开展有效的阅读教学活动，培养学生良好的英语阅读习惯，使学生在轻松愉快的环境下获取信息，得到感知语言的能力，从而达到全面提高英语能力的目的。
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold 【答案】 1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。 2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。
(英语)英语阅读理解练习题含答案及解析
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow. When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality. Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic. They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive. So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people. （1）What is the passage mainly about? A. Environmental protection. B. The world of tomorrow. C. Advantages of technology. （2）What do we learn from the passage? A. Some people think technology development may bring new problems B. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap. C. The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even when they become popular.
大学英语B阅读理解练习题及答案
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As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people
初中英语阅读理解教学案例(1)
初中英语阅读理解教教案 阅读理解是英语学习中必须具备的能力之一，有助于巩固和扩大词汇、丰富语言知识，提高运用语言的能力。可以训练学生的思维能力、理解能力、概括能力与判断能力。加强阅读训练可以为学生创造大量获取语言知识和大量运用语言的机会和条件。既可以培养学生对语篇进行分析、综合并从中获取信息的能力，也能培养学生的审美情趣。培养阅读能力也是教学大纲中规定的中学英语教学目标之一，所以阅读课在我们平时的英语教学中尤为重要，怎样上好阅读课成为英语教师教学中的关键。以下根据自己近些年的教学经验，对初中英语阅读理解教学模式进行初步的探究和分析。 教学模式总结如下： Presentation（导入）——skimming（粗读）——listening and reading（听读）——scanning （跳读）——intensive reading（细读）——retelling（复述）——discussing（讨论）——writing （写作）——summary（小结）。 初中英语人教版九年级Unit 12 Section B 3a Step 1：Presentation（导入） 本篇文章主要讲述法国的风俗，所以可以通过讲述一个因为语言差异所产生的误解的笑话导入，以此引起学生对课文产生兴趣，使学生更快的进入学习状态。 Step 2：Skimming 这一步是为掌握文章大意而进行的阅读，要求学生读后概括文章的大意，并且设计一些简单的问句让学生进行回答。 What does Wang Kun do? Where is she now? What’s the article mainly about? Step 3：Listening and reading 让学生边听边读，并且在听读的过程中找出文章的重点词汇、短语、句子。并且进行解决，扫除学生阅读中存在的一部分障碍，但要注意知识点的讲解要尽量简练，并且要引导和培养学生根据上下文猜词的能力。 Step 4：Scanning 这是一种为寻求特点细节放弃大部分内容，只注意某一点或某几点的阅读方式，要求学生根据老师提出的问题进行跳跃式的阅读，找出问题的主要信息。在此环节中提醒学生不要逐词逐句看课文，要讲究速度。在最短的时间内找出问题的答案。在此期间老师要出示以下问题：How many table manners are mentioned in the passage ? What are they ? be supposed to do be not supposed to do Step 5：Intensive reading 仔细阅读文章，要求学生从细节处把握文章，在前面阅读的基础上，从整体上把握文章的主要内容，以便于帮助学生加深对课文的理解。 在此环节中，要求学生各自独立完成阅读任务，然后与同桌或同组同学合作解决疑难点。在学生的阅读过程中，教师要出示以下问题帮助学生理解课文。 1、Why was Wang Kun nervous before she arrived in France? 2、Why did she have no reason to be nervous? 3、How has her French improved? 4、What is one particular challenge she is facing?