2019考研英语(二)写作基础讲义
考研英语（二）写作基础班
第一节考研写作话题词汇
课程介绍
1、第一节：考研写作话题词汇
1）四大必考话题：社会热点、教育文化、环境保护、经济管理
2）写作核心词汇：
2、第二节：句子写作大法
1）句子写作大法
2）话题钻石句型
3、补充讲义：基础班45 大钻石句型+20 大必背范文一、社会热点类：
1、经典考题：
1）2001 年考研大纲样题：Directions:
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world e conomy.
There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints. Write an essay to the newspaper
1)Criticizing their view and
2)Justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET II.
2）2014 年英语（一）小作文：
Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
3）2014 年英语（二）小作文：
Directions:
Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to
1)tell him about your living habits, and
2)ask for advice about living there.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
2、主题词汇：生理健康：
physical health
心理健康：mental/psychological health 进行
体育锻炼：do physical exercises 保持乐观：
keep optimistic 悲观的：pessimistic
均衡饮食：well-balanced diet
亚健康：sub-health 公共卫
生：public health 心态：
state of mind 垃圾食品：junk
food 节食：go on a diet 减肥：
lose weight
提供医疗服务：provide medical services 牺
牲健康：sacrifice one’s health 全面禁烟：
total tobacco ban 疾病：illness/disease
慢性病：chronic disease
传染病：infectious disease
（二）两代关系
1、经典考题：
1）2005 年真题：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.
2）2014 年英语（一）真题：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2)interpret its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
相携
2、核心词汇：
代沟：generation gap 弥合差距：
bridge the gap 相互理解：mutual
understanding 误解：
misunderstanding 赡养父母：
support one’s parents 照顾：take
care of/look after 虐待：
mistreat/maltreat 老龄化社会：
aging society 人口老龄化：
population aging
老年人：the aged/the elderly/senior citizens
奉行孝道：practice filial piety
（三）职业道德
1、经典考题：2014 年6 月六级写作真题：投诉信
Directions:
设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：
1、事情的起因；
2、与书店交涉的经过；
3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量。
2、核心词汇职业道德：
professional ethics
伪劣产品：shoddy products/goods, counterfeit/inferior commodities
欺诈行为：fraudulent activity/behavior/conduct
诚信：honesty 学术腐败：
academic corruption 剽窃/抄袭：
plagiarism 食品安全：food safety
建筑质量：construction quality 地
沟油：gutter oil 毒奶粉：
poisonous milk powder 食品添加剂：
food additive 不公平竞争：unfair
competition 管理部门：the
administration 监管机构：regulator
厂家：manufacturer 漠视法律：
ignore the laws 推卸责任：shift
blame onto others
消费者权益：consumers’ rights and interests
（四）爱心/社会公德：
1、经典考题：2013 年英语（二）小作文真题：倡议信
Directions:
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to
1)inform them about the details, and
2)encourage them to participate .
2、核心词汇：
公德：public/social morals/morality
传统美德：traditional virtue 责任：
duty/responsibility 责任感：sense
of responsibility
承担责任：shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duty/responsibility
逃避责任：avoid/shirk one’s duty/responsibility
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终身教育：lifelong education 素质教育：
essential-quality-oriented education 应试教育：
exam-oriented education 义务教育：
compulsory education 理论知识：theoretical
knowledge 实践技能：practical skill 信息时代：
information age 知识爆炸时代：era of
knowledge explosion 逃课：skip class
学习成绩：academic performance 学习氛围：
learning atmosphere 开阔眼界：
broaden/expand one’s horizons 激发兴趣：
stimulate one’s interest 开发潜能：tap
one’s potential 学生减负：reduce study load
做兼职：work part-time 入学：
start school 辍学：drop out
of school 完成学业：finish
school 4）招生就业招生：
recruitment 录取：
enrollment
申请入学：apply for admission to/into
高考：college entrance examination 就
业市场：job market 雇主：employer
雇员：employee 职业培训：
vocational training
考研：take the National Entrance Test for M.A./M.S. Candidates
（二）流行文化：
1、经典考题：
1）2009 年MBA 真题
Directions:
It is well-known that text message（手机短信）has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay on text messaging. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
2）2002 年6 月四级真题
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline below:
市场份额：market share/portion 部分品牌：
certain brands 国内市场：domestic market
科技进步：advancement/progress of science and technology 技术基础：technical foundation 物
质基础：material basis 技术手段：
technical means 价格促销：price
promotion 促进销量：boost sales 欺
诈行为：dishonest behavior 继续盈
利：make continuous profits 提升形
象：reinforce image 工作满意度：
job satisfaction 某公司：a certain
company 城镇人口：urban
population/dweller 乡村人口：rural
population 交通网络：
transportation network 高度发达的：
well-developed 交通系统：
transportation system 春节假期：
Spring Festival Vacation 住房所有权：
ownership of houses 国有住房：
state-owned houses 私有住房：
private houses 家庭收入：family
income 经济条件：economic
condition
分期付款：hire purchase, installment plan
补贴：subsidy 贷款：
loan
公司：company/corporation 市场经
济：market economy 经济全球化：
economic globalization 跨国公司：
multinational 私营企业：private
enterprise 员工：staff 工作压力：
work/working pressure
提高福利待遇：improve one’s fringe benefits
吸引外资：attract foreign investment 法律保
护：legal protection
深远的社会影响：profound social and economic impacts 改革开放政策：policy of reform and opening-up 社会保障制度：social security system 失业：unemployment
住房：housing 公用基础设施：
public infrastructure
可持续的城市发展：sustainable urban development
城市化：urbanization 经济危机：
financial crisis 经济不景气：
recession/depression 失业：lose one’s
job/be unemployed 失业加剧：job
losses mount 失业人数：jobless number
找工作：seek employment 找工作者：
job seeker 严峻的就业形势：tough job
market
政府做某事的决心：the government’s determination to do s th. 适度宽
松的货币政策：moderately loose monetary policy 厉行节约：practice
economy
税款减免：tax relief 基础设施建设：
infrastructure construction 扩大内需：
boost domestic demand 就业指导：career
guidance 经济刺激方案：stimulus
package/plan 经济结构调整：economic
restructuring 减员：downsize/cut staff 积
极的财政政策：proactive fiscal policy 经济
复苏：economic recovery 刺激消费：
stimulate consumer spending 创造新的就
业：generate new employment 削减成本：
cost-cutting 安居工程：comfortable
housing project 重建信心：confidence
reconstruction 信心下滑：confidence
slump
四、环境保护类：
（一）经典考题：2005 年MBA 真题
Directions: In this section, you are required to write a composition. You should write more than 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，她给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进了旅游经济的发展。但是，“黄金周”也带来了诸如交通压力增大、环保等诸多问题。作为一名普通百姓，请你给政府有关部门写一封信，提出你关于“黄金周”的意见和建议。
1、十一节实行了七天长假制度；
2、a.七天假期给社会和个人都带来了好处，b.七天假期也暴露
了一些问题；
3、政府应确保相关设施，如交通设施，适应假日活动的需要。
（二）2009 年小作文：建议信
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.
“White Pollution”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1)give your opinions briefly, and
2)make two or three suggestions.
（二）核心词汇：环境保护：
environmental protection
提高环保意识：enhance the awareness of environmental protection
保持生态平衡：maintain ecological balance
生态系统：ecosystem 自然
保护区：nature reserve
可持续发展战略：sustainable development strategy
宜人的生活环境：pleasant environment 节能：
save energy
减排：reduce greenhouse gas emissions 降低资源消耗率：
slow down the rate of resource consumption 环保产品：
environment-friendly product
全球变暖：global warming
低碳经济：low carbon economy 清洁可再生能源：
clean and renewable energy sources 核能：nuclear
energy 太阳能：solar energy 大功率
电器：high-powered electrical appliance 二氧化碳：
carbon dioxide
气候变化：climate change 环境恶化：
environment deterioration 毁林：
deforestation, clear-cutting 过度开采：
overexploitation 水土流失：soil erosion
荒漠化：desertification 人口增长：
population growth 野生动物保护：
wildlife conservation 濒危物种：
endangered species 商业捕鱼：
commercial fishing 捕捞过渡：
overfishing 自然灾害：natural disaster
破坏性地震：destructive earthquake 沙
尘暴：sandstorm
旱灾：drought 水灾：
flood
限期治理：bring under control within the prescribed time limit
白色污染：white pollution
限制使用一次性塑料袋：limit the use of disposable plastic bags
一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks
乱扔垃圾：litter 垃圾：
trash/rubbish 丢弃：throw/discard
空气污染浓度：air pollutant concentrations
汽车尾气排放：motor vehicle emissions 尾气
净化器：exhaust purifier 无铅汽油：lead-
free/unleaded gasoline/petrol 电动汽车：
electric car
天然气汽车：gas-fueled car 小排量汽
车：low-emission car 工业粉尘排放：
industrial dust discharge 烟尘排放：soot
emissions
矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）：fossil fuel(coal, oil and natural gas)
考研英语（二）写作基础班
第二节句子写作大法
一、五大句型：
（一）主谓：没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。
（职业道德）B y dishonest words no one can survive.
（二）主谓宾：
人们拥有生理或心理问题。（健康）
People suffer either physical or mental problems.
（三）主系表：饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。
（健康）
Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical f itness.
（四）主谓双宾：韦小宝给了阿珂一本英文字典。
Wei Xiaobao gives Ake an English dictionary.
（五）主谓宾宾补：金
钱使人自私。
Money makes people selfish.
（二）长句写法：1、并列句：
考研写作六大并列连词：
and, or, not only… but also…but, while, whereas 1）生产厂家保
证生产高质量产品。（职业道德）
Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality.
商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。
Commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. 生产厂家保证生产高质量产品；商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。
Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial
enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services.
2）旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力。（环境保护）
Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in.
旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染.
Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted 另一方面，旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。
On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
3）多元文化能得以保护。（文化融合）
Multi-cultures can be kept alive.
如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。
Multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so. 在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确保社会将来的繁荣和发展都至关重要。
In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity.
4）有些学生可以负担学费。（教育）
Some students are able to support the tuition f ees.
有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费。
Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas. 有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费，而对有些人来说这些费用是一项沉重的负担。
Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas, while for others it would be too much of a financial strain.
2、从句：小作文3-5 个，大作文5-7 个
1）定语从句：形容词从句
人+who, whom, whose 物
+that, which
时间+when
In 2015 when I met JJ
地点+where
（1）温室是溺爱和物质条件的缩影。（两代关系）
The greenhouse epitomizes doting care and material s upplies.
温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影。
The greenhouse epitomizes parents’doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms. 温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，而风雨就是严峻的现实。
The greenhouse epitomizes parents’doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.
（2）这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果。（职业道德）
This misconduct results in severe c onsequences.
这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，这很可能会影响将来的机会。
This misconduct results in severe consequence that may very well impact future opportunities and so on. 另外，这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，如成绩上
的惩罚、暂时停学、不良违纪行为记录，这很可能会影响将来的机会。
In addition, this misconduct results in severe consequences, such as grade-related penalties, suspension, or an adverse disciplinary record that may very well impact future opportunities and so on.
（3）错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景。（教育）
Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects. 错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景，或是到头来浪费了时间和
金钱。
Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.
（4）贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象。（流行文化）
Beckham represents the image of sport hero.
贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的外表以及球技正是球迷们追捧的。Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose appearance football skills are adored by all the sports fans. 贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧的。
Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans.
（5）几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。（流行文化）
Several teenage girls won their fame o vernight.
2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。
Several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,同样，2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。围绕着崇拜这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。
Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols.
（6）中国的习俗和传统面临着消失的危险。（中西文化）
For China, there is a danger that customs and traditions may become lost. 另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的习俗和传统面临着消失在现代化阴影里的危险。On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization.
（7）在贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。（定语从句）
There are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in
poverty-stricken areas.
然而根据最新统计，在农村的贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。
Yet according to recent statistics, there are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in poverty-stricken areas of the countryside.
（8）人生就像跑步的过程一样。（人生哲理）
Life is like the process of running.
人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。
One should make constant efforts and never stop making progress. 毫无疑问，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝不停
止进步。
Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.
（9）成群的游客涌入很多景点。（环境保护）
A good many scenic spots are flooded with v isitors.
成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。
A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much t rash.
从漫画中，我们可以得出结论，画家想要表达下述信息：成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.
2）状语从句：
（1）原因状语从句：because, in that, since, as, for
A. 人们选择慢跑作为锻炼。（健康）
People choose jogging as their exercises.
人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼
People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as their regular exercises. 人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼，这是因为这些运动总是使我们更强壮和精力充沛。People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as their regular exercises because these exercises never fail to make us stronger and more energetic.
B. 我保持均衡饮食。（健康）
I keep a balanced diet.
我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上11 点之前上床睡觉.
I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night. 我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上11 点之前上床睡觉，因为我相信熬夜对身体有害。I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night, because I believe burning the midnight oil is harmful to health.
C. 饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）
Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical f itness.
大学生应该重视养成良好的习惯。
University students should put emphasis on good habits. 因为均衡的饮食和充足的
睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的，大学生应该充分重视养成良好的习惯。
Since both a balanced diet and sufficient sleep are indispensable for physical fitness, university students should put great emphasis on good habits.
D. 落后地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。（社会公德）
Poor children in backward areas are likely to become drop-outs.
由于无法承担学费，落后和不发达地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。
Poor children in backward and underdeveloped areas are likely to become drop-outs because they cannot afford the tuition.
E. 中国不可能在教育方面投入巨资。（教育）
China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them.
此外，由于中国是一个发展中国家，不可能在教育方面投入巨资。Moreover, China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them since it is a developing country.
F. 任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。（环境保护）
Tourism could not be banned in any country.
旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。
Tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy. 毫无疑问，由于在其他收入很少的地区，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income.
（2）条件状语从句：if, unless, once
A. 人们发现他们已经被惯坏了。（条件状语从句）
They are found too spoiled.
人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。
They are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties. 一旦年轻
人开始寻求独立并接受来自现实世界的挑战，人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。
Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties. B. 这种痴迷将浪费我们的金钱和时间。（流行文化）
The obsession will waste us time and money.
这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。
The obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time and money, endangering the efficiency of our work. 如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。
If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyle or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time and money, endangering the efficiency of our work.
C. 我们就会过一种积极的生活。（流行文化）
We will lead a positive life.
如果我们努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。
We will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves. 相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。
On the contrary, we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us.
D. 他很难保持过去的荣誉。（人生哲理）
He can hardly maintain his past glory.
一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉。
Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory.
一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉，在这个竞争世界中生活下去。Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world.
E. 我们仍须为了成功而继续奋斗。（人生哲理）
We still have to strive for success.
我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。
We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. 如果我们通过了考试，就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。
If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses, we still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.
（3）让步状语从句：
although=though, no matter w hat=whatever
A. 全国人民尽他们所能捐献去帮助那些同胞们。（社会公德）
People all over the country donate whatever they can to help their fellow citizens. 全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞们。
People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens. 尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞们。
Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens.
3）名词性从句：
（1）宾语从句：that
A. 没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。（职业道德）
By dishonest words no one can survive.
在市场经济体系的激烈竞争中，没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。
By dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market
economy system.但这只母鸡及其同类应该知道：在市场经济体系的激烈竞争中，没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。
But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy s ystem.
（2）同位语从句：that. 神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民。
People from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture.
一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。
A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared i nternationally. 神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实，显示了在某种程度上，一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。
The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally.
补充：同位语：这朵鲜花和我们的年轻人联系起
来。（两代关系）T he flower is associated with
young people.
这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来。
The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people. 这朵娇弱的鲜花自然
和我们的年轻人联系起来，具体而言，就是我们当代社会的独生子女。
The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society.
偶像崇拜其实是把双刃剑。（流行文化）
Idolatry is a double-edged sword.
偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，
Idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword. 因此，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深刻影响青年人成长。Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword which can exert profound influence on the growth of young people.
（3）主语从句：that, how, what
唐静老师很英俊是众所周知的。
That JJ is smart is well-known.
张三丰如何习武很神奇。
How Zhang Sanfeng practices martial arts is mysterious.
（4）表语从句：that他们没能理解的是尊老是中国文化的传
统美德。
What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of Chinese culture.
3、非谓语动词：
1）动名词：do+ing, 动词/名词，主语/宾语
（1）选择是在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。（教育）
The choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business. 对于大多数学生而言，选择都在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。
For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business.
（2）保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧。（人生哲理）
Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom. 保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学
会获得智慧，因此是个人性格培养过程中的重要组成部分。
Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, and is a crucial aspect of any individual’s development of character. 总之，保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧、博爱和自信，因此是个人性格和能力的培养过程中不可缺少的重要组成部分。In conclusion, keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, humanity and self-confidence, and is a crucial and unavoidable aspect of any individual ’s development of character and c ompetence.
2）不定式：to+动词原形
（1）我们需要保持乐观的心态。（人生哲理）
We need to maintain an optimistic mentality.
在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦。
In adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain.
尤其在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦悲伤、迂回曲折。Especially in adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain and sorrow, twists and turns.
（2）他们的目的是欺骗公众。（职业道德）
Their intention is to deceive the public.
他们目的是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。
Their intention is to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.
事实上，他们做这种承诺的目的只是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。
As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put
on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the p ublic.
3、分词：现在分词/过去分词，do+ing/do+ed
1）学生应该考虑很多因素。（教育）
Students should consider a variety of factors. 在
做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素。
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors.
在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素，包括个人偏好、经济状况及职业计划。When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including their personal preferences, financial status and career plans.
2）竞争变得日益激烈。（人生哲理）
Competition goes increasingly fierce.