2021考研英语：翻译题型重点难点解析
2021考研英语备考：翻译题型重点难点解析一、被动语态翻译法1)变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
2)译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
Eg:For all the help this computer may provide,it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
Eg:How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些?将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。
3)增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。
Eg:And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较，他们并认为这些思维过程须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。
Eg:During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
二、分译法英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。
在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。
Eg:It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。
三、合译法和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。
Eg:Science moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。
(将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组)Eg:When that happens,it is not a mistake:it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。
这种本能应得到鼓励，而不是遭到嘲笑。
(When that happens,it is not a mistake原来是两个句子，现在组合成一个简洁的汉语句子。
)四、顺序调整法一般来说，翻译时应该按照句子原来的顺序进行，但由于英汉两种语言中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同，翻译时需要做一定的调整(例如采用倒译法)，使其更符合汉语的习惯。
Eg:The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如果我们进入了技术新时代而不首先估价我们对环境所负的责任，我们将遇到公害，这些公害将表明危险真正达到了什么程度。
Eg:That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这种理论的重要是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。
(原来的谓语，在译文中变成了在前的主语。
)五、反译法一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。
有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。
1)否定译成肯定。
Eg:I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。
Eg:Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。
(双重否定)2)肯定译成否定。
Eg:Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。
Eg:This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，[来源：考研加油绽]因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。
Eg:The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
六、几种特殊否定句式的翻译法“no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”Eg:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和胃一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。
Eg:There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素，就如同他们不能限定你喝多少水一样。
“not so much…as”翻译成“与其说……，不如说……”Eg:It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说他输了比赛是多次被击中，不如说是自己缺乏斗志。
Eg:There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
Eg:He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是这个世界上我最不愿意见到的人。
七、定语从句翻译法1)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。
Eg:Congress made public a survey of human rights in105countries that receive U.S.aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。
2)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。
Eg:Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。
(译为条件状语从句)The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。
英语考研基础英语考研2021年翻译部分解析
英语考研基础英语考研2021年翻译部分解析第1章翻译技巧指南1.1 考核要求和出题形式一、基础英语翻译部分考核要求对于“基础英语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。
但国内大部分院校在命题时都会把1999年教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》作为指导标准，因此，这个大纲仍能反映目前高校对英语专业学生基本功的大体要求。
其对翻译部分的要求如下：翻译方面，能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250-300个英文单词。
译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。
能担任一般外事活动的口译。
二、试题类型和出题形式该部分主要考察考生将原文思想传送到译文中的能力，能运用英译汉和汉译英的理论和技巧，着重测试整体性、逻辑性、信息的完整性和准确性。
出题形式主要有以下几种：①段落或篇章的英汉互译。
②给出一篇包含若干下划线句的文章，要求考生根据全文意思将这些句子译出，一般英译汉常采用这种形式。
③单句的英汉互译。
④Paraphrase题型，即英语释义，也就是“英译英”，用自己的语言解释说明题干的意思，题干可能是单句，也可能是术语。
其中单句往往是一些难度较大、结构复杂的复合句，术语范围较广，涉及人文知识、修辞、文学等方面。
⑤为所给出的英语习语或英文句子从四个选项中选出最为准确的中文解释或译文。
（这类出题方式较为少见，仅被武汉大学等个别院校采用。
）1.2 英汉语言对比英汉两种语言属不同语系，经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
因此，对比英汉两种语言的异同，从而掌握它们的特点，对做好英汉互译是十分重要的。
英汉翻译的翻译理论、方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。
在具体介绍英汉翻译技巧之前，本部分将对英汉两种语言进行宏观上的对比，以助于译者掌握两种语言的特点，并在翻译时自觉运用这些特点，译出更符合目标语的译文。
考研英语翻译题难点精析
考研英语翻译题难点精析考研英语翻译题难点精析根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
” 其测试的重点是考生对英语的理解能力及汉语表达能力,有关翻译部分的规定是“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意”。
这就需要考生既要有比较好的英语基础，还要有扎实的汉语功底。
翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言;它是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求学生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化等有较好的掌握，还要求学生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。
但是其在评分时有合适标准和可接受的标准，也就是说只要考生所翻译的句子适合于上下文的基本思想而且其译文也能被人所接受，一般可以判定这个句子的翻译符合要求。
由于翻译部分的句型结构和阅读理解的较难句型基本类似，考试重点如出一辙，为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章，提高做题正确率，现在把考研翻译方法进行归纳总结，以便大家复习参考。
被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析2021Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。
当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。
这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。
但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, anHIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。
（全）2021考研英语-长难句翻译-真题解析
（全）2021考研英语-长难句翻译-真题解析考研英语-长难句翻译-真题解析真题实战Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set"in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.结构分析整个句⼦主⼲是the anthropological concept is an abstract concept，后⾯是which引导的定语从句，修饰concept。
介词短语like the concept of "set"in mathematics是插⼊语结构。
词汇释义anthropological a.⼈类学的set n. 套，系列，集immense amounts of 许多的，⼤量的拆分翻译Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", / /因此，⼈类学中“⽂化”的概念like the concept of "set"in mathematics, / /像数学中“集”的概念⼀样is an abstract concept / /是⼀个抽象概念which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding使⼤量的具体研究和认识成为可能参考译⽂因此，⼈类学中“⽂化”的概念（像数学中“集”的概念⼀样）是⼀个抽象概念，它使⼤量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
总结真题实战In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, thenon-commercial tree species are recognized as menbers of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.结构分析本句的主⼲为the non-commercial tree species are recognized as menbers,of the native forest community为介词短语做后置定语，修饰numbers。
2021年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
年全国研究生研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材构造分析本文是一篇关于人物简介阐明性文章，重要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生地点是in World War II；空后句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，她们有 liberate动作，由此推断“the men and women”指应当是参加了第二次大战男人和女人，即服役军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”意思，因此选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“体现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指人与下文 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同步与空格后“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因而空内信息应当是与hero“英雄”意思相对，背面分句说她背井离乡，经历了诸多苦难，显然这里应当是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，因此选 B。
A 项 actual 意为“事实上，事实上”；C 项 special 意为“特殊，专门”；D 项 normal 意为“正常，常态”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查是词语搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who （the guy），宾语是 all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来承担，应当用动词 bear 或 shoulder，因此这里选 A，bore。
考研翻译常见难点与解题思路
考研翻译常见难点与解题思路考研翻译是众多考生最头疼的一项科目，主要涉及到英汉互译和汉译英两个方向。
由于语言和文化的差异，考生常常在某些难点上遇到困惑。
本文将分析考研翻译的常见难点，并给出解题思路，供考生参考。
一、词语和短语的翻译困惑在考研翻译中，经常会遇到一些语义复杂或文化差异较大的词语和短语，翻译这类内容时容易产生困惑。
其中一个常见的问题是中西方文化的差异，使得一些词语无法简单地进行直译。
此时，考生应该注重上下文的理解，准确把握词语的意思，根据实际语境合理翻译，同时注意保持语义的一致性和连贯性。
例如，在翻译中常见的“文化差异”一词，在英语中可以表示为"Cultural differences"，但如果上下文中有具体的文化差异，如中西方婚礼习俗的区别，可以使用"Wedding customs and cultural differences between the East and the West"来更好地表达。
另一个问题是一词多义，即一个词在不同语境中会有不同的含义。
考生在遇到这种情况时，应该根据上下文进行合理选择。
比如，英语单词"issue"既可以指代问题，也可以是发布，发行的意思。
如果"issue"出现在政治领域的文章中，可以翻译为"问题"，而在经济类文章中，则可以翻译为"发布"。
二、长难句的翻译技巧长难句在考研翻译中也是一个让考生头疼的问题。
正确理解和翻译长句不仅需要对语法结构有较深刻的理解，还需要注意上下文的逻辑关系。
在处理长难句时，考生可以采取以下解题思路：1. 拆句法：将长句拆解为几个简单的句子，再进行翻译。
通过拆句可以准确理解每个小句子的意思，从而确保翻译的准确性。
2. 主次分明法：长句中常常会有主要和次要信息，考生可以通过判断句子成分的重要程度，将主要信息进行突出翻译，次要信息进行删减或简化。
2021考研英语备考：翻译题型难点解析
【导语】翻译题型应该是整个复习过程中的⼀⼤难点，这是由于英汉两种语⾔本⾝的差异以及东西⽂化的差异造成的，每年都有相当⼀部分同学痛苦英语翻译应该怎么复习，下⾯为⼤家整理了2021考研英语翻译难点解析，希望能在备考的时候帮助⼤家。
被动语态翻译法 1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg: It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从⼀开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使⼈们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待⼈类⾃⾝⼀样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠⽆情。
2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
Eg: For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
Eg: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些?将在多⼤程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所⽤信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及⽤来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not betrue, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.真题解析46. He believes / that (this very )difficulty may have had the compensating advantage (of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, // and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.) 句子结构分析(1)本句是一个主从复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句;其主干是he believes that (difficulty may have had the advantage).(2)宾语从句“that this very…his own observations”含有of引导的两个后置定语“of forcing him to…his own observations”;由于是分词短语作定语，且太长，翻译时要找到与主句的逻辑关系，翻译成非定语成分。
(全)2021考研英语：长难句翻译-真题解析+总结
考研英语：长难句翻译-真题解析+总结真题实战This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.结构分析该句子的主干成分是This trend began during the Second World War，后面一个由when引导的定语从句；定语从句中的主干部分是several governments came to the conclusion，后面加一个that引导的同位语从句；同位语从句中，主语和谓语是the specific demands，后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰主语；that引导的同位语从句中，谓语部分是cannot generally be foreseen in detail。
所以句子结构比较复杂。
词汇释义trend n. 趋势，倾向specific a. 具体的，详细的establishment n. 建立，机构demand n. 要求，需求come to the conclusion 得出结论scientific establishment 科学机构拆分翻译This trend began during the Second World War,/ /这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间when several governments came to the conclusion / /当时，一些国家的政府得出结论that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / /政府想要对其科研机构提出的具体要求cannot generally be foreseen in detail.通常无法详细的预见参考译文这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间，当时，一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常无法详细的预见的。
(全)2021考研英语-长难句翻译-真题分析详解
考研英语-长难句翻译-真题分析详解真题实战He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.结构分析本句的主干结构为He believes that...，that引导的是宾语从句，从句是由and 连接的两个句子共同作宾语。
第一个宾语从句的主干是this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage，其后的为介词短语做定语，修饰advantage；第二个宾语从句是enabling him to detect errors，其后只修饰errors的定语成分。
词汇释义very a. 正式的，仅仅的，表示强调compensate v. 补偿，赔偿intently ad. 专心的，一心一意的detect v 察觉，发现拆分翻译He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage / /他认为，这种困难或许具有弥补性优势of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, / /迫使他对每一句话进行长时间专注地思考and thus enabling him to detect errors / /从而使他发现错误in reasoning and in his own observation在推理和自己的观察中参考译文他认为，这种困难具有弥补性的优势，这种优势迫使他对每一句话进行长时间专注的思考，从而使他发现自己在推理和观察中的错误。