2020年上海高考数学试题及答案

2020年上海高考数学试题及答案
2020年上海高考数学试题及答案

2020年上海高考数学试题及答案

一、填空题(本题共12小题,满分54分,其中1-6题每题4分,7-12题每题5分)

1. 已知集合{}1,2,4A =,{}2,3,4B =,求A B =_______

【分值】4分 【答案】

{}2,4

2. 1

lim

31

n n n →∞+=-________

【分值】4分

【答案】1

3

3. 已知复数z 满足12z i =-(i 为虚数单位),则z =_______

【分值】4分

4. 已知行列式126300

a c

d b =,则行列式a c d b

=_______

【分值】4分 【答案】2

5. 已知()3f x x =,则()1f x -=_______

【分值】4分 【答案】()13

x

x R ∈

6.已知a 、b 、1、2的中位数为3,平均数为4,则ab= 【分值】4分 【答案】36

7.已知20230x y y x y +≥??

≥??+-≤?

,则2z y x =-的最大值为

【分值】5分

【答案】-1

8.已知{}n a 是公差不为零的等差数列,且1109a a a +=,则129

10

a a a a ++???=

【分值】5分 【答案】

278

9.从6人中挑选4人去值班,每人值班1天,第一天需要1人,第二天需要1人,第三天需要2人,则有种排法。 【分值】5分 【答案】180

10.椭圆22

143x y +=,过右焦点F 作直线l 交椭圆于P 、Q 两点,P 在第二象限已知()(),,'','Q Q Q Q Q x y Q x y 都在椭圆上,且y'0Q Q y +=,'FQ PQ ⊥,则直线l 的方程为

【分值】5分

【答案】10x y +-=

11、设a R ∈,若存在定义域R 的函数

()f x 既满足“对于任意0x R ∈,()0f x 的值为20x 或

0x ”又满足“关于x 的方程()f x a =无实数解”,则α的取值范围为

【分值】5分

【答案】()()(),00,11,-∞??+∞

【解析】题目转换为是否为实数a ,使得存在函数()f x

满足“对于任意0x R ∈,()0f x 的值为20x 或0x ”,

又满足“关于的方程

()f x a =无实数解”构造函数;

()2,,x x a

f x x x a

≠?=?=?,则方程()f x a =

只有0,1两个实数解。 12、已知

是平面内两两互不平等的向量,满足

(其中1,21,2,...i j k ==,,),则K 的最大值为

【分值】5分 【答案】6

【解析】根据向量减法的运算规律,

可转化为以向量

终点

为圆心,作半径11r =和22r =的圆,两圆交点即为满足题意的,由图知,k 的最大值为6.

二、选择题(本题共有4小题,每题5分,共计20分) 13、下列不等式恒成立的是() A 、222a b ab +≤ B 、22-2a b ab +≥ C 、2a b ab +≥- D 、2a b ab +≤ 【分值】5分 【答案】B 【解析】无

14、已知直线l 的解析式为3410x y -+=,则下列各式是l 的参数方程的是()

A 、4334x t

y t =+??

=-?

B 、4334x t y t =+??=+?

C 、1413x t

y t =-??

=+?

D 、1413x t

y t

=+??

=+?

【分值】5分 【答案】D 【解析】无

15、在棱长为10的正方体.1111ABCD A B C D -中,P 为左侧面11ADD A 上一点,已知点P 到

11A D 的距离为3,点P 到1AA 的距离为2,则过点P 且与1A C 平行的直线交正方体于P 、Q

两点,则Q 点所在的平面是( ) A.11AA B B B. 11BB C C C. 11CC D D D. ABCD 【分值】5分 【答案】D 【解析】

延长BC 至M 点,使得=2CM 延长1C C 至N 点,使得3CN =,

以C M N 、、为顶点作矩形,记矩形的另外一个顶点为H , 连接1A P PH HC 、、,则易得四边形1A PHC 为平行四边形, 因为点P 在平面11ADD A 内,点H 在平面11BCC B 内, 且点P 在平面ABCD 的上方,点H 在平面ABCD 下方, 所以线段PH 必定会在和平面ABCD 相交, 即点Q 在平面ABCD 内

16.、若存在a R ∈≠且a 0,对任意的x R ∈,均有()()()f x a f x f a ++<恒成立,则称函

()f x 具有性质P ,已知:()1:q f x 单调递减,且()0f x >恒成立;()2q f x :单调递

增,存在00x <使得()00f x =,则是()f x 具有性质P 的充分条件是()

A 、只有1q

B 、只有2q

C 、12q q 和

D 、12q q 和都不是 【分值】5分 【答案】C

【解析】本题要看清楚一个函数具有性质P 的条件是,存在a R ∈≠且a 0, 则对于10q a ,>时,易得函数

()f x 具有性质P ;

对于2q ,只需取0a x =,则0x a x x x +=+<,()()00f a f x ==,

所以()()()()()0=f x a f x x f x f x f a +=++<,所以此时函数()f x 具有性质P .

三、解答题(本题共5小题,共计76分) 综合题分割

17、已知边长为1的正方形ABCD ,沿BC 旋转一周得到圆柱体。 (1)求圆柱体的表面积;

(2)正方形ABCD 绕BC 逆时针旋转2

π

到11A BCD ,求1A D 与平面ABCD 所成的角。 【分值】 【答案】(1)4π;

(2)arcsin 3

综合题分割

18、已知f(x)=sin (0)x ωω>.

(1)若f(x)的周期是4π,求ω,并求此时1

f ()2

x =

的解集; (2)已知=1ω

,2

g()()()()2x f x x f x π

=+--,x 0,4π??

∈????

,求g(x)的值域. 【分值】 【答案】(1)1=

2ω,5x x|x=4x 4,33k k k Z ππππ??

∈+=

+∈????

或; (2)1-,02??????

综合题分割

19、已知:=x q ν,x (0,80]∈,且80

1100-135(),(0,40)

=(0)3

(40)85,[40,80]

x x k k x x ν?∈?>??--+∈?

, (1)若v>95,求x 的取值范围;

(2)已知x=80时,v=50,求x 为多少时,q 可以取得最大值,并求出该最大值。 【分值】

【答案】(1)80

x (0,

)3

∈; (2)480x 7=时,max 28800

q =7

综合题分割

20、双曲线22122:14x y C b

-=,圆222

2:4(0)C x y b b +=+>在第一象限交点为A ,

(,)A A A x y ,

曲线22

22221,44,A A x y x x b x y b x x ?-=>?

Γ??+=+>?

(1)若6A x =,求b ; (2)若b 5=

,2C 与x 轴交点记为12F F 、,P 是

曲线Γ上一点,且在第一象限,并满足18PF =,求∠12F PF ;

(3)过点2(0,2)2b S +且斜率为2

b -的直线l 交曲线

Γ于M 、N 两点,用b 的代数式表示

,并求出

的取值范围。

【分值】 【答案】(1)2; (2)

11

16

; (3)(625,)++∞;

【解析】(1)若6A x =,因为点A 为曲线1C 与曲线2C 的交点,

∵22

2222

144A A

x y b x y b ?-=???+=+?,解得2

2y b ?=??

=??, ∴2b =

(2)方法一:由题意易得12F F 、为曲线的两焦点, 由双曲线定义知:212PF PF a =-,

18,24PF a ==,∴24PF =

又∵5b =

,∴126F F =

在12PF F ?中由余弦定理可得:

222

1212

1212

11cos 216

PF PF F F F PF PF PF +-∠=

=

??

方法二:∵b =22

22145

(3)64x y x y ?-=?

??++=?

,解得P ,

(3)设直线24

:22

b b l y x +=-+

可得原点O 到直线l

的距离d =

=

=所以直线l 是圆的切线,切点为M, 所以2OM k b =

,并设2:OM l y x b =,与圆222

4x y b +=+联立可得222244x x b b

+=+, 所以得,2x b y ==,即(,2)M b ,

注意到直线l 与双曲线得斜率为负得渐近线平行, 所以只有当2A y ?时,直线l 才能与曲线Γ有两个交点,

由22

2222

144A

x y b x y b ?-=???+=+?,得42

2

A b y a b =+, 所以有42

44b b

?+

,解得22b ?+

,或2

2b ?- 又因为由

上的投影可知:

所以

21.有限数列{}n a ,若满足12131||||...||m a a a a a a -≤-≤≤-,m 是项数,则称{}n a 满足性质

p .

(1) 判断数列3,2,5,1和4,3,2,5,1是否具有性质p ,请说明理由.

(2) 若11a =,公比为q 的等比数列,项数为10,具有性质p ,求q 的取值范围. (3) 若n a 是1,2,...,m 的一个排列1(4),(1,2...1),{},{}k k n n m b a k m a b +≥==-都具有性

p ,求所有满足条件的{}n a .

【分值】

【答案】(1)对于第一个数列有|23|1,|53|2,|13|2-=-=-=,

满足题意,该数列满足性质

p

对于第二个数列有|34|1,|24|2,|54|1-=-=-=不满足题意,该数列不满足性质

p .

(2)由题意可得,{}111,2,3,...,9n n q q n ---∈≥ 两边平方得:2-2-1212+1n n n n q q q q -+-≥

整理得:()11

(1)120n n q q q q --??-+-??≥

当1q ≥时,得1(1)20n q q -+-≥,此时关于n 恒成立, 所以等价于2n =时(1)20q q +-≥,所以(2)(1)0q q +-≥, 所以q ≤-2或者q≥l ,所以取q ≥1.

当01q <≤时,得1(1)2n q q -+-≤0, 此时关于n 恒成立, 所以等价于2n =时(1)20q q +-≤,所以(2)(1)0q q +-≤, 所以21q -≤≤,所以取01q <≤。

当10q -≤<时,得11(1)20n n q q q --??+-??≤。

当n 为奇数的时候,得1(1)20n q q -+-≤, 很明显成立,

当n 为偶数的时候,得1(1)20n q q -+-≥,很明显不成立,

故当10q -≤<时,矛盾,舍去。

当1q -<时,得11

(1)20n n q q q --??+-??≤。

当n 为奇数的时候,得1(1)20n q q -+-≤, 很明显成立, 当n 为偶数的时候,要使1(1)20n q q -+-≥恒成立,

所以等价于2n =时(1)20q q +-≥,所以()()021q q +-≥, 所以q ≤-2或者q ≥1,所以取q ≤-2。

综上可得,(]

(),20,q ∈-∞-+∞。

(3)设1=a p {}3,4,32p m m ∈--…,,

因为1a p =,2a 可以取

1p -或者1p +,3a 可以取2p -或者+2p 。

如果2a 或者3a 取了3p -或者

3p +,将使{}n a 不满足性质p

所以,{}n a 的前五项有以下组合:

①1a p =,21a p =-,31a p =+,42a p =-,52a p =+,

②1a p =,21a p =-,31a p =+,42a p =+,52a p =-,

③1a p =,2+1a p =,31

a p =-,

42a p =-,52a p =+,

④1a p =,2+1a p =,31a p =-,42a p =+,52a p =-,

对于①,11b p =-,212b b -=,311b b -=,与{}n b 满足性质

p 矛盾,舍去。

对于②,11b p =-,212b b -=,313b b -=,412b b -=与{}n b 满足性质p 矛盾,舍去。

对于③,1+1b p =,212b b -=,313b b -=,411b b -=与{}n b 满足性质p 矛盾,

舍去。

对于④,1+1b p =,212b b -=,311b b -=,与{}n b 满足性质

p 矛盾,舍去。

所以{}3,4,32p m m ∈--…,,均不能同时使{}n a ,{}n b 都具有性质p 。 当

=1p 时,有数列{}n a :1,23,1,m m -,…,满足题意。

当=p m 时,时有数列{}n a :,1,321m m -…,,,满足题意。

当=2p 时,有数列{}n a :21,3,1,m m -,…,满足题意。

=p m 时,有数列{}n a :1,,2,3,321m m m m ---…,,,满足题意。

故满足题意的数列只有上面四种。

2015年上海市高考数学试卷文科(高考真题)

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2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海 数学试卷(文史类) 一、填空题(本大题共有14题,满分56分) 1、计算: 31i i -=+ (i 为虚数单位) 2、若集合{} 210A x x =->,{} 1B x x =<,则A B ?= 3、函数sin 2()1 cos x f x x = -的最小正周期是 4、若(2,1)d =是直线l 的一个方向向量,则l 的倾斜角的大小为 (结果用反三角函数值表示) 5、一个高为2的圆柱,底面周长为2π,该圆柱的表面积为 6、方程1 42 30x x +--=的解是 7、有一列正方体,棱长组成以1为首项、1 2 为公比的等比数列,体积分别记为12,,...,,...n V V V ,则12lim(...)n n V V V →∞ +++= 8、在6 1x x ? ?- ?? ?的二项式展开式中,常数项等于 9、已知()y f x =是奇函数,若()()2g x f x =+且(1)1g =,则(1)g -= 10、满足约束条件22x y +≤的目标函数z y x =-的最小值是 11、三位同学参加跳高、跳远、铅球项目的比赛,若每人只选择一个项目,则有且仅有两人选择的项目相同的概率是 (结果用最简分数表示) 12、在矩形ABCD 中,边AB 、AD 的长分别为2、1,若M 、N 分别是边BC 、CD 上的点,且满足 BM CN BC CD = ,则AM AN ?的取值范围是 13、已知函数()y f x =的图像是折线段ABC ,其中(0,0)A 、1 (,1)2 B 、(1,0) C ,函数 ()y xf x =(01x ≤≤)的图像与x 轴围成的图形的面积为 14、已知1 ()1f x x = +,各项均为正数的数列{}n a 满足11a =,2()n n a f a +=,若20102012a a =,则2011a a +的值是

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