英文学术论文写作

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学术写作英文作文

学术写作英文作文

学术写作英文作文英文:Academic writing is a crucial skill for any student or researcher. It involves the ability to communicate complex ideas and research findings in a clear and concise manner.In this essay, I will discuss the importance of academic writing and provide some tips on how to improve your skills.Firstly, academic writing is important because itallows you to communicate your ideas to a wider audience. Whether you are writing a research paper or a thesis, your work will be read by other scholars in your field. Therefore, it is essential that you are able to expressyour ideas clearly and effectively.Secondly, academic writing is important because ithelps you to develop critical thinking skills. When you are writing an academic paper, you need to analyze and evaluate the evidence that you have gathered. This process requiresyou to think critically about the information that you have and to draw logical conclusions.To improve your academic writing skills, there are several things that you can do. Firstly, you should read widely in your field. This will help you to understand the conventions of academic writing and to develop your own style. Secondly, you should practice writing regularly. This will help you to develop your skills and to identify areas where you need to improve. Finally, you should seek feedback from others. This will help you to identify your strengths and weaknesses and to improve your writing accordingly.In conclusion, academic writing is an essential skill for anyone who wants to succeed in their studies or research. By following the tips outlined in this essay, you can improve your writing skills and become a more effective communicator.中文:学术写作是任何学生或研究人员的重要技能。

如何写好英文科研论文作文

如何写好英文科研论文作文

如何写好英文科研论文作文英文,Writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, and clear communication. Here are some tips for writing a successful research paper.First and foremost, it's important to choose a topic that is both interesting and relevant to your field of study. This will not only make the writing process more enjoyable, but it will also ensure that your paper contributes meaningfully to the existing body of knowledge.Once you have chosen a topic, it's time to conduct thorough research. This may involve reading academic journals, books, and other scholarly sources, as well as conducting experiments or surveys if necessary. It's important to take detailed notes during the research process, as this will make it easier to organize and structure your paper later on.When it comes to actually writing the paper, it's crucial to maintain a clear and logical structure. This typically involves an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should flow smoothly into the next, and all arguments and claims should be supported by evidence.In addition to a strong structure, it's important to pay attention to the language and style of your writing. This means using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon or overly technical terms, and ensuring that your paper is free from grammatical and spelling errors.Finally, it's essential to properly cite all sources used in your paper. This not only gives credit to the original authors, but it also helps to strengthen the credibility of your own work.In conclusion, writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, clear communication, and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can increase the likelihood of producing asuccessful and impactful research paper.中文,写好一篇英文科研论文需要仔细的规划、深入的研究和清晰的表达。

学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型

学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型

学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型1. Introduction (引言)- This paper aims to...- The purpose of this study is to...- The objective of this research is to...- This paper addresses the issue/problem of...2. Background (背景)- In recent years, there has been increasing interest in...- With the growing importance of...- Despite the extensive research on...- The existing literature has largely focused on...3. Methods (方法)- This study utilized a quantitative/qualitative research design.- Data was collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- The sample consisted of...- Statistical analysis was conducted using...4. Results (结果)- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results suggest that...- The analysis revealed that...- There is a significant correlation between...5. Discussion (讨论)- These results provide insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of...- The present study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of...6. Conclusion (结论)- In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of...- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...- This study provides valuable information for...- Further research is needed to explore...7. Limitations (限制)- Although this study has provided significant insights, it is not without limitations.- One limitation of this study is the small sample size.- Another limitation is the reliance on self-reported data.- Future research should address these limitations by...8. Implications (意义)- The findings of this study have practical implications for...- These results have important implications for policymakers/practitioners.- The implications of this study extend beyond the specific context of...- This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of...9. Future Directions (未来方向)- Future research should explore...- Further investigation is needed to determine...- Future studies could examine...- This research sets the stage for future research on...。

英文学术论文写作方法

英文学术论文写作方法

英文学术论文写作方法Academic writing in English requires a specific approach and set of skills in order to produce a well-written and coherent paper. In this article, we will discuss some effective methods and strategies for writing an academic paper in English.1. Understand the Purpose and Audience:Before you begin writing, it is crucial to understand the purpose and audience of your paper. Are you writing a research article, a review paper, or a theoretical analysis? Who will be reading your paper – experts in the field or a general audience? Understanding these aspects will help you tailor your writing style and tone accordingly.2. Conduct Thorough Research:A well-researched paper is a strong foundation for writingan academic paper. Use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites to gather informationand data relevant to your topic. Take detailed notes and make sure to cite your sources accurately to avoid plagiarism.3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement:A thesis statement is the main argument or central idea that your paper will revolve around. It should be concise, specific, and clearly reflect the purpose of your paper. A strong thesisstatement guides the reader and provides a roadmap for your paper.4. Create an Outline:An outline is a helpful tool to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in your paper. Divide your paper into sections or subsections and outline the main points you want to address in each section. This will help you stay focused and avoid digressing from your main argument.5. Write Clear and Coherent Sentences:Academic writing should be clear, concise, and free of ambiguity. Use simple and direct language, and avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse the reader. Each sentence should convey a specific idea or piece of information, and paragraphs should be well-structured and coherent.6. Support Your Arguments with Evidence:An academic paper should be supported by evidence, whether it is empirical data, examples, or citations from otherscholarly work. Use appropriate referencing styles such as APA or MLA to cite your sources accurately and give credit to the original authors.7. Revise and Edit:8. Pay Attention to Style and Formatting:Follow the guidelines provided by your institution or journal in terms of formatting and citation style. Pay attention to details such as font size, margins, spacing, and citation requirements. Consistency in style is key to maintaining a professional and polished paper.9. Proofread Your Final Draft:Finally, carefully proofread your final draft before submitting it. Look for any typos, grammatical errors, or formatting inconsistencies. It may be helpful to read your paper backwards, starting from the last sentence, to focus solely on the language and not get caught up in the content.In conclusion, academic writing in English requires a systematic and organized approach. By understanding the purpose and audience, conducting thorough research, developing a clear thesis statement, and following the proper structure and style, you can produce a well-written and effective academic paper. Remember to revise, edit, and proofread your work to ensure a polished final product.。

如何进行英文学术论文写作

如何进行英文学术论文写作

如何进行英文学术论文写作
英文学术论文是一种较为正式和严谨的写作形式,需要遵循一定的写
作规范和结构。

以下是一些关键步骤和技巧,帮助你进行英文学术论文写作。

1.选择合适的主题:选择一个你感兴趣且对学术界有贡献的主题。


保主题具有独创性和足够的研究资源。

2.执行文献综述:在开始写作之前,进行文献综述以了解该领域的最
新研究和观点。

这将帮助你明确论文的研究目标和重要性,并从中获得支
持和建议。

3.制定论文提纲:根据文献综述的结果,为论文制定一个详细的提纲。

此提纲应包括引言、方法、结果和讨论、结论等部分,其中各部分应有明
确的目标和内容。

4.写作引言:引言应简明扼要地介绍研究背景、目的和研究问题,并
解释你的研究对该领域的重要性。

5.方法部分:描述你的研究设计、实验过程、数据收集和分析方法。

确保清晰地描述,以便读者能够重复你的研究。

6.结果和讨论:在这部分,展示和解释你的研究结果。

使用数据和图
表来支持你的观点,并与其他研究进行比较和对比。

讨论你的观点,解释
结果的意义,并提出未来研究的建议。

7.结论:总结你的研究结果,并强调你的研究对该领域的贡献。

提出
一些潜在的应用和进一步研究的方向。

9.校对和修改:在完成初稿后,进行多次的校对和修改。

检查拼写、语法和句子结构,确保文章的流畅性和逻辑性。

英语学术论文写作学术论文的写作要求及写作方法

英语学术论文写作学术论文的写作要求及写作方法

英语学术论文写作学术论文的写作要求及写作方法Academic paper writing is an essential skill that every student and researcher should possess. It allows individuals to explore specific topics, present their findings, and contributeto the expansion of knowledge in their field of study. Thisarticle will discuss the requirements and methods of writing an academic paper.1. Requirements of Academic Paper Writing:a. Clarity and coherence: A good academic paper should be clear, well-organized, and easy to understand. The writer should present their arguments and ideas in a logical and coherent manner to guide readers through the paper.b. Research-based: An academic paper should be grounded in extensive research. This involves conducting a literature review, gathering data, and analyzing relevant sources to support the arguments made throughout the paper.c. Originality and contribution: A strong academic paper should present novel insights or contribute to existing knowledge. It should offer a unique perspective or provide additional evidence to enhance the understanding of the topic.d. Proper citation and referencing: To maintain academic integrity, all sources used in the paper must be properly cited.This prevents plagiarism and allows readers to verify the information presented.e. Structure and format: Academic papers typically follow a specific structure, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Adhering tothis structure helps readers navigate through the paper more effectively.2. Methods of Academic Paper Writing:a. Identify a research question: Begin by choosing aresearch question or topic that is interesting and relevant to your field of study. Make sure the research question is specific and focused, allowing for in-depth exploration.c. Develop an outline: Create a clear outline that organizes your thoughts and ideas. This helps maintain a logical flow and ensures that all essential points are addressed.e. Present your methodology and research findings: Clearly explain the methodology used for your study and present your findings. Use graphs, tables, and other visuals to enhance the presentation of data.f. Analyze your results and discuss their implications: Interpret and analyze your research findings, discussing their implications in relation to previous studies. Identify any limitations or further areas of research.g. Write a concise conclusion: Summarize your main findings and highlight their significance. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.h. Revise and edit: Proofread your paper for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your ideas flow smoothly and logically.i. Cite your sources properly: Use the appropriate citation style (such as APA, MLA, or Chicago) to reference your sources accurately throughout the paper.In conclusion, writing an academic paper requires clarity, research-based content, originality, proper citation, and adherence to a defined structure. By following these requirements and methods, students and researchers can effectively contribute to their field of study and advance knowledge in their chosen area.。

英文学术论文写作方法

英文学术论文写作方法

P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节(例如在文献回顾、讨论部分),要提到某个研究者,并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或理论主张,或下的定义,或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92,第8段第4行、第15段第3行 ),当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者,而是注释一下,例如放在句末括号里,或标注(P15第1段第3、5、7行),当作者不重要时 。 施事,agent:指做某件事的人,与受事recipient对应。被动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者,例如:As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性,probability: 数学概念,指某种情况的发生概率不是100%,而是处于0-1之间(若为no,则是0,若为yes,则是1,处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼,文中用了“比较普遍”,“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always, maybe,
Why reading, translation, and writing?
The purpose of reading practice is to digest the lecture; while the purpose of translation is to make you become alert with the different sentence structures of the Chinese and English languages; and the so-called writing practice is for you to have a chance to translate the sections of your own article into English.

英语专业学术论文写作:摘要

英语专业学术论文写作:摘要

英语专业学术论⽂写作:摘要学术论⽂写作:摘要⼀、摘要的写作⽬的和结构要素摘要简要地概述论⽂的内容, 拥有与正⽂同等量的主要信息,即不阅读全⽂,就能获得必要的信息。

其结构要素是:(1) 主题阐述(Topic specification);(2) 研究⽬的陈述(Purpose statement);(3) 理论指导(Theory/Perspective)(3) 研究⽅法(Methodology and Data);(4) 研究结果/发现(Results/Findings);(5) 研究结论/启⽰(Conclusions/Implications)。

练习1:就结构要素评析下⾯4个摘要(为判断⽅便,列汉语标题)Sample 11. Introduction2. Translation Activity in New Century2.1Definition and Purpose of Translation Activity2.2 Translation Activity under the Background of Cross-culture Communication2.2.1The Trend of Cross-culture Communication2.2.2 New Requirements for Translation Activity3. The Trend of Cross-culture Communication3.1 Definitions of Cultural Symbols3.2 The Formation of Characteristic Cultural Symbols3.3Main Categories of Cultural Symbols4. Strategy in Dealing with Cultural Symbols Translation4.1 Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization4.2 Nida Eugene. A and Dynamic Equivalence Translation4.3 Translation Studies School and Foreignization4.4 Two Strategies in Text Analysis5. Conclusion1. Introduction2. The Rhetorical Motivation in Trade Name2.1 Rational Needs and Rational Needs2.1.1 Rational Needs2.1.2 Emotional Needs2.2 Cultural Factors2.2.1 Ethnic Culture2.2.2 Regional Culture2.2.3 Religious Culture2.2.4 Culture of Place and Person3. The Rhetorical Approaches to Trade Name 3.1 Homophone3.1.1 Homophone in Chinese3.1.2 Homophone between Chinese and English 3.1.3 Homophone in English3.2 Onomatopoeia3.2.1 Emotional onomatopoeia3.2.2 Rational onomatopoeia3.3 Rhyme3.3.1 Alliteration3.3.2 The Ending of Lines of Verse3.3.3 Assonance3.4 Reduplicated Sound4. The Translation of Trade Names4.1 Transliteration4.2 Variant Translation4.3 Phonological and Semantic Combination5. Conclusion附:该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1 Rational and Objective of the Study1.2 Organization of the Paper2.Theoretical Foundation of Verbal Irony Study: A Pragmatic Approach2.1 Description of Verbal Irony2.2 Gricean Perspectives—Irony as Conversational Implicature2.3 Post-Gricean perspective—Irony as Echoic Mentioning3. Verbal Irony and the Responses in Public Debate3.1 Assumptions and Expectations3.2 Introduction to American Public Presidential Debate (APPD) and the Debate Extract Analyzed3.3 Analysis Based on EMT4. Conclusion4.1 Findings in EMT Application—Uncertainty4.1.1 Uncertainty in Identifying Verbal Irony4.1.2 Uncertainty in Justifying the Working Mechanism4.2 Tentative Suggestion—Pragmatics with Lights from the Rhetorical Perspective 4.3 Last Remarks附:该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1Rationale1.2 Literature Review1.3 The Organization of the Thesis2. Theoretical F oundations of D omestication and F oreignization2.1 Domestication and Foreignization2.1.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2 Functions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2.1 Function of Domestication2.1.2.2 Function of Foreignization2.2 Political News2.2.1 Definition of Political News2.2.2 The Stylistic Features of Political News and Translated PoliticalNews3. Domestication and F oreignization in the T ranslation of P olitical N ews3.1 The Uniqueness of Domestication and Foreignizationin the Translation of Political News3.2 Three Factors Influencing the Choice of Domestication and Foreignization3.2.1 The Translator’s Subjective Factors3.2.2 The Reader3.2.3 The Political Ideology3.3 The Balance of Domestication and Foreignization4. Conclusion⼆、内容的注意事项1. 不要写成⽂献综述(?Sample 1), 也不要说⼈所共知的话(? sample 5)2. 以上结构要素要有具体内容,不要空洞练习2:下⽂是从语⽤顺应理论出发对商务信函写作(sample 5)和商标翻译(Sample 6) 进⾏的研究, 请你(1)删掉⽆关的内容,(2)核对结构要素,(3)并判断哪个内容具体。

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关于英文学位论文基本格式的建议(2013年4月补充)一、论文的基本结构不同学科、不同研究方向以及不同类型的学术论文在基本结构上存在差异。

但一般都包括以下五章:Introduction,Literature Review,Research Design,Data presentation and discussion,Conclusion下面分别介绍这五章的写作要求。

Chapter 1 Introduction本章应该包括以下内容:本研究的背景、意义以及预期解决的问题。

有时需要对重要概念或术语进行简单的定义。

本章末尾一般对全篇论文的章节主要内容作简单介绍(An overview of the thesis,不超过半页)。

本章要求简炼,开门见山,一般为3~5页为宜。

Chapter 2 Literature Review本章是文献综述,其主要目的是向读者介绍与本研究有关系的现有研究(existing studies),重点介绍以下内容:(1)关于这个问题(指论文要研究的问题)前人已经做了哪些研究?采用了哪些研究方法?得出了哪些研究结论?(2)关于这个问题还有哪些问题没有解决?前人的研究存在哪些局限性?关于这个问题还有哪些争议或值得进一步研究的问题?文献综述不是简单地“抄书”,也不是“走过场”。

它既帮助读者了解本研究领域的背景,也有利于作者进一步理清思路,为后面的研究做好充分准备。

做文献综述时要特别注意以下几点:1.本领域的重要文献原则上都要综述,但不需要面面俱到。

经典的研究和最近的研究都要涉及。

要特别注意介绍关于本研究问题最近(如近2、3年)的研究进展情况。

2.尽量使用第一手资料,而不使用第二手资料。

所谓第二手资料,指论文作者没有看到原始文献,而是从他人的文献中了解到的某个研究。

比如Rod Ellis在1994年出版的The Study of Second Language Acquisition 一书中将1994年以前的大约20年时间里有关第二语言习得的研究做了一个非常全面的综述,而这本书并没有首次报告Ellis本人做的研究。

作为学位论文,不能过多地使用这类着作所做的综述。

应该尽可能去查看原始文献。

3.不能像记流水帐一样逐一介绍以往的研究,要对以往的研究做一些评论、归纳和总结。

4.一定要综述与本研究有直接关系的研究,不能综述无关的研究或只是有一点联系的研究。

要避免盲目综述各种第二语言习得理论的倾向。

5.文献综述的篇幅不宜过长,硕士学位论文的文献综述建议控制在20~25页之内,一般不应超过整篇论文篇幅的三分之一。

6.文献综述部分容易出现以下抄袭行为:即在没有阅读某个作者的原始文献的情况下,从其他作者的文献综述中直接摘录且不注明摘录的处出。

Chapter 3 Research Design这一章介绍本研究的研究设计和研究方法,一般应包括以下内容:研究的问题(Research question)、研究对象(Subjects)、研究方法(Method)、数据收集工具(Data collection instruments)、数据分析工具(Data analysis methods)等。

SPSS 16.00如果是实验研究,还需要简单介绍实验过程。

本章的篇幅一般不长,如没有特殊需要,建议控制在5~10页之内(硕士学位论文)。

注意,研究问题一般应该只有一个。

为了便于研究,在论文的研究问题的范围之内可以再有几个具体的问题,一般叫做sub-questions。

Chapter 4 Data presentation and discussion本章是整篇论文的核心部分,其目的是报告研究结果并根据研究结果进行讨论。

本章的写作要注意以下几点:1.要全面、准确、如实地报告研究的结果。

2.要采用数据统计方法和分析方法(如t检验、卡方检验)对数据进行分析,考察数据差异的显着性,不能只是简单呈现基本数据(如平均数、百分比等)。

3.要充分利用图表的优势呈现数据。

图表要清楚、准确;要有必要的图例和说明;图表要有标题和编号。

图形的编号和标题在图的下方,表格的编号和标题在表格的上方。

4.要充分利用数据,认真研究数据所反映的某种现象,从中有所发现。

要对研究的结果进行必要的解释。

可以把本研究的结果与前人的研究结果作适当的比较。

5.要特别注意根据研究的结果逐一回答第三章提出的研究问题。

无论研究结果是支持还是推翻原来的假设,都要对所提出的问题或假设逐一回答。

Chapter 5 Conclusion本章名为结论,实际上应该包括以下几方面的内容:本研究的主要发现(Main findings)、本研究的启示(Implications)、本研究的局限性(Limitations of the present study)以及需要进一步研究的问题(Further research suggestions)。

二、引用文献的格式要求引用文献的主要目的:* 介绍以往研究,为自己的研究提供研究背景;* 评述现有观点,提出研究空间;* 引用其他文献,作为研究的理论基础或研究出发点;* 借用其他研究者的基本概念;* 在操作层面借用其他人的方法和工具;* 讨论研究结构,改良、补充或替代以往观点。

(一)引用文献的基本格式这里我们分两种情况来介绍引文的基本格式:第一种情况是把文献作者作为句子的一部分(通常作主语),我们把它叫做“格式1”;第二情况是把作者的姓放在括弧里,我们把它叫做“格式2”。

在同一篇论文中,以上两种格式可以同时使用。

格式1格式1的基本做法是,把作者的姓(Family name)作为句子的一部分(通常作主语),随后用括弧标出所引用文献的出版年代。

比如:Long (1991) argues that without this,outcomes such as those from immersion education are likely to occur, with a lack of sustained development.如果文献有两个作者,则要将两个作者的姓都写出来,并用and连接(不能用& 符号连接)。

比如:Perkins and Gass (1996) argue that, since proficiency is multidimensional, it does not always develop at the same rate in all domains.如果文献有三个或三个以上(六个以下)的作者,论文中第一次引用时必须把所有作者的姓都写出来,用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓用and连接。

Sanders, Spooren and Noordman (1992) presents a useful taxonomy of coherence relations.在第二次及以后再引用该文献时,只需写出第一个作者的姓,再加上 et al.,比如:Sanders, et al. (1992) studiedcoherence relations based on four criteria.如果文献有六个或六个以上的作者,论文中第一次引用时只需写出第一个作者的姓,再加上 et al.和年代。

使用格式1时,如有必要(如直接引用整句或句子的一部分),可以在年代后面再加上所文献的具体页码。

出版年代与页码之间用冒号隔开。

比如:Messick (1989:20) presents what he calls a ‘progressive matrix’.另外,页码也可以放在所引用文献的末尾,比如:Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to express the other form of interconnectedness –genealogical rather than ecological –and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life” (p. 14).如果所引用的内容在原文献中跨页(直接引用时一般应该只跨两页),则要标出页码范围,比如:Hu (1994:5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar”and textual “grammaticality”.或Hu (1994) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar”and textual “grammaticality” (pp. 5~6).使用格式1中时,页码还可以用另外一种方法标出,即在年代之后不用冒号而用逗号,然后用p.(所引文献跨页时用pp.),再加页码,比如:Messick (1989, p. 20) presents what he calls a ‘progressive matrix’.Hu (1994, pp. 5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar”and textual“grammaticality”.注意,在同一篇论文中格式要统一。

要么都采用冒号加页码的格式,要么都使用p./pp.的格式,不能交替使用。

在直接引用文献时,如所引用的内容较长(一般超过50单词),则应该另起一段,左右缩进。

比如:Lorenz (1999) voiced a very similar view that because in written communication, coherence cannot be explicitly negotiated face-to-face between text producer and text receiver,“writers therefore have every reason for trying to be unequivocal and to make their ideas, intentions and arguments unmistakably clear. One way of doing this is to carefully signal logical relations and thereby ‘signpost’ the path to coherence for the reader. Consequently, when looking at the fabrication ofcoherence in written discourse, we need to pay special attention to those explicit signposts of coherence, i.e. the text’s cohesive ties” (p. 55). 格式2格式2的基本做法是,把作者的姓、出版年代以及页码均放在括弧里,出版年代紧随作者的姓,之后是页码。

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