动词过去式、过去分词变化规律与读法

型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词

cost cost cost 花费[ ]

cut cut cut 割，切[ ]

hit hit hit 打[ ]

let let let 让[ ]

put put put 放下[ ]

read read read 读[ ]

hurt hurt hurt 伤[ ]

⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten 打[ ] [ ] [ ]

⒊ A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come 来[ ] [ ] [ ]

become became become 变[ ] [ ] [ ]

run ran run 跑[ ] [ ] [ ]

⒋ A ---B ---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

⑶其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买think thought thought 想catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现

get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug dug 挖

⒌ A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 给

take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

show showed shown 展示

⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

freeze froze frozen 冻结

steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。

begin began begun 开始

ring rang rung 按铃

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 饮

⑷其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am,is) was/ were been 是

be(are) were been 是

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

wear wore worn 穿

fly flew flown 飞动词词尾-ed的读音规则及重读闭音节

一、单词的组成：每个单词都是由两种音素组成

1、元音：“元”意思是“根本”，元音就是发音的根本音素。元音发音时发音气流在口腔通过不受阻碍而发出，没有元音，单词就发不出音来。英语字母中有5个元音字母：a、e、i、o、u 和一个半元音字母：y（有时读元音音素 / i/，有时读辅音音素 / j /）。

2、辅音：“辅”意思是“辅助”，辅音就是辅助元音发音的的音素。辅音发音时气流受发音器官（唇、舌、齿、颚）的阻当、吐气通路不畅，如b、g、m、l、s、r、f。26个字母中除了五个半元音字母外，其余都是辅音字母。

二、-ed 的读音规则：1、-ed 有三种读音：/t/、/d/、/it/，其读音与前面的字母的响亮程度和是否与该读音属于同一个声音有关

* 元音由于发音时声带振动，发出来的声音很响亮；

* 浊辅音尽管气流要受到发音器官的阻挡，但是由于发音时声带要振动，发出来的声音比较响亮；

* 清辅音不仅气流要受到发音器官的阻挡，发音时声带还不振动，因此发音时只能听到与发音器官摩擦而形成的微弱声音。

* 字母t和d的读音与后缀–ed的读音相近，如果连缀为两个/tt/或/dd/，很难听出词尾的读音。

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2、读音规则口诀——清则清，响则浊，t、d 后面读/id/，即：

* 清辅音后的ed读作清辅音/t/，如：worked，developed，missed

* 元音和浊辅音后的ed读作浊辅音/d/，如：浊辅音后——opened，moved，bagged；元音——studied，played，allowed

* 字母t和d后的ed读作/it/，如：admitted，wanted，bended，landed 三、重读闭音节

闭音节：如果单个元音字母后存在阻挡元音继续拉长发音的辅音字母，那么这个元音的发音就受到辅音的封闭，如：it，big，bank，let；

重读闭音节：由两个以上的音节构成的单词，其中的必有一个要重读，如果重读音落在结尾的闭音节上，那么这个音节就叫做重读闭音节，如：be-gin，ad-mit，re-gret