橡胶英语名词

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高中英语高考派生词汇总(共四十类)

高考英语派生词1.以-age结尾的名词baggage 行李disadvantage不利条件，弱点marriage 结婚，婚姻package 一包，一袋，一盒passage 一段，通道percentage 百分率postage 邮费storage 贮藏，储存2.以-al结尾的名词arrival 到来，到达chemical 化学品memorial 纪念馆mineral 矿物质，矿物musical 音乐片survival 存活，幸存trial 审判；实验3.以-ance或者-ence结尾的名词absence 不在，缺席allowance 津贴，补助appearance 出现，露面assistance 帮助，援助circumstance 条件，环境coincidence 巧合，巧事conference （正式的）会议；讨论consequence 结果，后果convenience 便利defence=defense 防御，防务difference 不同disappearance 消失entrance 入口，进去的权利evidence 证据，证明existence 存在，存在物guidance 引导，指导importance 重要性independence 独立insurance 保险intelligence 智力，才智，智慧offence 违法行为，犯罪patience 容忍，耐心performance 演出，表演preference 选择，趋向reference 提到，涉及significance 重要性，意义silence 安静，沉默violence 暴力行为4.以-ary或者-ery结尾的名词anniversary 周年纪念日bravery 勇气dictionary 词典，字典discovery 发现robbery 抢劫；抢劫罪scenery 风景，景色，风光slavery 奴隶制度summary 摘要，概要5.以-cy结尾的名词accuracy 准确，精准currency 货币，现金emergency 紧急情况或状态fluency （外语）流利，流畅tendency 倾向，偏好，性情6.以-dom结尾的名词freedom 自由wisdom 智慧7.以-ar，-er或者-or结尾的名词beggar 乞丐carrier 搬运者；媒介（车的）货架computer 电子计算机cooker 炊具（锅、炉灶、烤炉等）counter 柜台，结账处dinner 正餐，宴会eraser 橡皮擦；黑板擦error 错误，差错latter （两者之中的）后者laughter 笑；笑声liar 说谎者，骗子prayer 祈祷receiver 电话听筒recorder 录音机register 登记薄；花名册rubber 橡胶，合成橡胶shower 阵雨；淋浴tanker 油船thriller 惊险小说8.以-ful结尾的名词handful （一）把；少数spoonful 一匙（的量）9.以-ght结尾的名词flight 航班height 高，高度weight 重，重量10.以-ice结尾的名词choice 选择，抉择justice 正义；公正；司法service 服务11.以-ing结尾的名词boating 划船bowling 保龄球boxing 拳击（运动）building 建筑物，房屋crossing 十字路口，人行横道ending 结局，结尾，最后farming 农业feeling 感情，感觉greeting 问候hearing 听力hiking 远足，徒步旅行lightning 闪电meaning 意思，含义meeting 会，会见opening 开放，口子outing 郊游，远足painting 油画，水彩画parking 停车reading 阅读，朗读saying 俗话，谚语shopping 买东西sightseeing 游览，观光smoking 吸烟spelling 拼写，拼读suffering 痛苦，苦难swimming 游泳thinking 思索，见解training 培训turning 拐弯处，拐角处wedding 婚礼，结婚12.以-ism或者-ist结尾的名词Buddhism 佛教Buddhist 佛教徒communism 共产主义communist 共产主义者，共产党socialism 社会主义socialist 社会主义者，社会党党员specialist 专家，专业人员tourism 旅游业，观光tourist 旅行者，旅游者13.以-ity或者-ty结尾的名词ability 能力，才能activity 活动anxiety 担忧，焦虑difficulty 困难，费力disability 残疾，无能electricity 电，电流equality 平等generosity 慷慨，豁达identity 身份，特征liberty 自由majority 大多数minority 少数，少数名族nationality 国籍possibility 可能，可能性reality 现实responsibility 责任，负责safety 安全，保险security 安全，平安14.以-ment结尾的名词achievement 成就，成绩，功绩adjustment 调整，适应advertisement 广告agreement 同意，一致，协定amusement 娱乐apartment 楼中单元房，套房appointment 约会argument 争论，辩论arrangement 安排，布置assessment 看法，评价commitment 承诺，允诺depart=department 部门，处development 发展，发育disagreement 意见不一致；相违encouragement 鼓励entertainment 娱乐equipment 装备，设备judgement 判断力；审判movement 运动，活动punishment 惩罚requirement 需要，必要的条件settlement 新拓居地, 部落statement 声明，陈述，说法treatment 治疗，疗法unemployment 失业，失业状态15.以-ness结尾的名词business 工作职业，职责darkness 黑暗，阴暗goodness 善良，美德happiness 幸福，愉快illness 疾病kindness 仁慈，善良sadness 悲哀，忧伤sickness 疾病weakness 软弱16.以-ship结尾的名词friendship 友谊，友情hardship 困难ownership 所有制relationship 关系scholarship 奖学金17.以-th结尾的名词admission 准入，接纳collision 碰撞事故comprehension 理解conclusion 结论，结束decision 决定，决心discussion 讨论，辩论division 除；除法expression 表达；词句extension 扩大，延伸impression 印象，感觉permission 允许，许可possession 所有，拥有profession 职业revision 复习，温习suspension 推迟，延期tension 紧张局势，矛盾18.以-tion或者-ation结尾的名词abortion 人工流产，堕胎accommodation 住宿，膳宿acquisition 获得，得到action 行动adaptation 适应；改编addition 增加；加法administration 管理，行政部门application 申请appreciation 欣赏，鉴定，评估association 协会，社团，联系assumption 假定，假设attention 注意，关心attraction 吸引，爱慕celebration 庆祝，庆祝会civilization 文明collection 收藏品，收集物communication 交际，交往；通讯competition 比赛，竞赛composition 作文，作曲congratulation 祝贺，庆祝connection 连接物；接触，联系conservation 保存；保护，管理consideration 考虑，关心constitution 宪法，章程，身体素质construction 建造，建筑物contribution 贡献conversation 谈话，交谈corporation （大）公司correction 改正decoration 装饰，修饰description 描述，描写destination 目的地，终点devotion 奉献，奉献精神dictation 听写direction 方向，方位discrimination 歧视distinction 差别，优秀edition （发行物的）版，版本education 教育，培养evolution 进化，演变exhibition 展览，展览会expectation 预料，期望explanation 解释，说明foundation 根基，基金会friction 摩擦identification 鉴定，辨别immigration 移民information 信息institution 公共机构；学校instruction 说明，须知，教导intention 打算，计划，意图introduction 介绍，引进invention 发明，创造invitation 邀请，请帖irrigation 灌溉liberation解放motivation （做事的）动机nutrition 营养，滋养occupation 职业，工作operation 手术，操作organization 组织，机构pollution 污染population 人口，人数position 位置prescription 处方，药方preparation 准备presentation 演出，介绍production 生产，制造pronunciation 发音protection 保护punctuation 标点符号qualification 资格，学历question 问题radiation 放射，放射物reception 接待recreation 娱乐，消遣regulation 规则，规章relation 关系，亲属reputation 名声，名誉reservation 预定restriction 限制，约束revolution 革命，变革satisfaction 满意separation 分离，隔离situation 形式，情况starvation 饥饿；饿死suggestion 建议translation 翻译，译文vacation 假期，休假19.以-ure结尾的名词creature 生物，动物departure 离开，启程failure 失败mixture 混合物pleasure 高兴，愉快pressure 压力，压迫signature 签名20.以-y结尾的名词enquiry 询问entry 进入injury 受伤处sympathy 同情symphony 交响乐21.以-age结尾的名词baggage 行李disadvantage不利条件，弱点marriage 结婚，婚姻package 一包，一袋，一盒passage 一段，通道percentage 百分率postage 邮费storage 贮藏，储存22.以-al结尾的名词arrival 到来，到达chemical 化学品memorial 纪念馆mineral 矿物质，矿物musical 音乐片survival 存活，幸存trial 审判；实验23.以-ance或者-ence结尾的名词absence 不在，缺席allowance 津贴，补助appearance 出现，露面assistance 帮助，援助circumstance 条件，环境coincidence 巧合，巧事conference （正式的）会议；讨论consequence 结果，后果convenience 便利defence=defense 防御，防务difference 不同disappearance 消失entrance 入口，进去的权利evidence 证据，证明existence 存在，存在物guidance 引导，指导importance 重要性independence 独立insurance 保险intelligence 智力，才智，智慧offence 违法行为，犯罪patience 容忍，耐心performance 演出，表演preference 选择，趋向reference 提到，涉及significance 重要性，意义silence 安静，沉默violence 暴力行为24.以-ary或者-ery结尾的名词anniversary 周年纪念日bravery 勇气dictionary 词典，字典discovery 发现robbery 抢劫；抢劫罪scenery 风景，景色，风光slavery 奴隶制度summary 摘要，概要25.以-cy结尾的名词accuracy 准确，精准currency 货币，现金emergency 紧急情况或状态fluency （外语）流利，流畅tendency 倾向，偏好，性情26.以-dom结尾的名词freedom 自由wisdom 智慧27.以-ar，-er或者-or结尾的名词beggar 乞丐carrier 搬运者；媒介（车的）货架computer 电子计算机cooker 炊具（锅、炉灶、烤炉等）counter 柜台，结账处dinner 正餐，宴会eraser 橡皮擦；黑板擦error 错误，差错latter （两者之中的）后者laughter 笑；笑声liar 说谎者，骗子prayer 祈祷receiver 电话听筒recorder 录音机register 登记薄；花名册rubber 橡胶，合成橡胶shower 阵雨；淋浴tanker 油船thriller 惊险小说28.以-ful结尾的名词handful （一）把；少数spoonful 一匙（的量）29.以-ght结尾的名词flight 航班height 高，高度weight 重，重量30.以-ice结尾的名词choice 选择，抉择justice 正义；公正；司法service 服务31.以-ing结尾的名词boating 划船bowling 保龄球boxing 拳击（运动）building 建筑物，房屋crossing 十字路口，人行横道ending 结局，结尾，最后farming 农业feeling 感情，感觉greeting 问候hearing 听力hiking 远足，徒步旅行lightning 闪电meaning 意思，含义meeting 会，会见opening 开放，口子outing 郊游，远足painting 油画，水彩画parking 停车reading 阅读，朗读saying 俗话，谚语shopping 买东西sightseeing 游览，观光smoking 吸烟spelling 拼写，拼读suffering 痛苦，苦难swimming 游泳thinking 思索，见解training 培训turning 拐弯处，拐角处wedding 婚礼，结婚32.以-ism或者-ist结尾的名词Buddhism 佛教Buddhist 佛教徒communism 共产主义communist 共产主义者，共产党socialism 社会主义socialist 社会主义者，社会党党员specialist 专家，专业人员tourism 旅游业，观光tourist 旅行者，旅游者33.以-ity或者-ty结尾的名词ability 能力，才能activity 活动anxiety 担忧，焦虑difficulty 困难，费力disability 残疾，无能electricity 电，电流equality 平等generosity 慷慨，豁达identity 身份，特征liberty 自由majority 大多数minority 少数，少数名族nationality 国籍possibility 可能，可能性reality 现实responsibility 责任，负责safety 安全，保险security 安全，平安34.以-ment结尾的名词achievement 成就，成绩，功绩adjustment 调整，适应advertisement 广告agreement 同意，一致，协定amusement 娱乐apartment 楼中单元房，套房appointment 约会argument 争论，辩论arrangement 安排，布置assessment 看法，评价commitment 承诺，允诺depart=department 部门，处development 发展，发育disagreement 意见不一致；相违encouragement 鼓励entertainment 娱乐equipment 装备，设备judgement 判断力；审判movement 运动，活动punishment 惩罚requirement 需要，必要的条件settlement 新拓居地, 部落statement 声明，陈述，说法treatment 治疗，疗法unemployment 失业，失业状态35.以-ness结尾的名词business 工作职业，职责darkness 黑暗，阴暗goodness 善良，美德happiness 幸福，愉快illness 疾病kindness 仁慈，善良sadness 悲哀，忧伤sickness 疾病weakness 软弱36.以-ship结尾的名词friendship 友谊，友情hardship 困难ownership 所有制relationship 关系scholarship 奖学金37.以-th结尾的名词admission 准入，接纳collision 碰撞事故comprehension 理解conclusion 结论，结束decision 决定，决心discussion 讨论，辩论division 除；除法expression 表达；词句extension 扩大，延伸impression 印象，感觉permission 允许，许可possession 所有，拥有profession 职业revision 复习，温习suspension 推迟，延期tension 紧张局势，矛盾38.以-tion或者-ation结尾的名词abortion 人工流产，堕胎accommodation 住宿，膳宿acquisition 获得，得到action 行动adaptation 适应；改编addition 增加；加法administration 管理，行政部门application 申请appreciation 欣赏，鉴定，评估association 协会，社团，联系assumption 假定，假设attention 注意，关心attraction 吸引，爱慕celebration 庆祝，庆祝会civilization 文明collection 收藏品，收集物communication 交际，交往；通讯competition 比赛，竞赛composition 作文，作曲congratulation 祝贺，庆祝connection 连接物；接触，联系conservation 保存；保护，管理consideration 考虑，关心constitution 宪法，章程，身体素质construction 建造，建筑物contribution 贡献conversation 谈话，交谈corporation （大）公司correction 改正decoration 装饰，修饰description 描述，描写destination 目的地，终点devotion 奉献，奉献精神dictation 听写direction 方向，方位discrimination 歧视distinction 差别，优秀edition （发行物的）版，版本education 教育，培养evolution 进化，演变exhibition 展览，展览会expectation 预料，期望explanation 解释，说明foundation 根基，基金会friction 摩擦identification 鉴定，辨别immigration 移民information 信息institution 公共机构；学校instruction 说明，须知，教导intention 打算，计划，意图introduction 介绍，引进invention 发明，创造invitation 邀请，请帖irrigation 灌溉liberation解放motivation （做事的）动机nutrition 营养，滋养occupation 职业，工作operation 手术，操作organization 组织，机构pollution 污染population 人口，人数position 位置prescription 处方，药方preparation 准备presentation 演出，介绍production 生产，制造pronunciation 发音protection 保护punctuation 标点符号qualification 资格，学历question 问题radiation 放射，放射物reception 接待recreation 娱乐，消遣regulation 规则，规章relation 关系，亲属reputation 名声，名誉reservation 预定restriction 限制，约束revolution 革命，变革satisfaction 满意separation 分离，隔离situation 形式，情况starvation 饥饿；饿死suggestion 建议translation 翻译，译文vacation 假期，休假39.以-ure结尾的名词creature 生物，动物departure 离开，启程failure 失败mixture 混合物pleasure 高兴，愉快pressure 压力，压迫signature 签名40.以-y结尾的名词enquiry 询问entry 进入injury 受伤处sympathy 同情symphony 交响乐。

橡胶英语名词

橡胶英语名词胶乳制品latex goods橡胶减震制品rubber vibration insulator橡胶密封制品rubber seal胶鞋rubber footwear胶带belting胶管hose帘子线cord轮胎tire，tyre橡胶制品rubber product硫化vulcanization，cure压延calendering挤出extrusion炭黑arbon black混炼mixing of rubber compounds橡胶助剂rubber ingredients塑炼plastication，mastication橡胶配合rubber compounding橡胶加工rubber processing再生胶reclaimed rubber胶乳latex热塑性橡胶thermoplastic elastomer，elastoplastics 合成橡胶synthetic rubber天然橡胶natural rubber橡胶rubber橡胶工业rubber industry丙烯酸酯橡胶acrylate rubber硅橡胶silicone rubber氟橡胶fluororubber聚硫橡胶polysulfide rubber氯醇橡胶epichlorohydrin rubber聚氨酯橡胶polyurethane rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶chloroprene rubber，neoprene乙丙橡胶ethylene-propylene rubber丁基橡胶butyl rubber，isobutylene isoprene rubber 丁钠橡胶Buna rubber异戊橡胶isoprene rubber，cis-1，4-polyisoprene rubber顺丁橡胶cis-1，4-polybutadiene rubber丁苯橡胶styrene-butadiene rubber合成橡胶工业synthetic rubber industry橡胶技术rubber technology加工类：加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index 门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding 射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing 焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent 结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent除臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent高物高化类：结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model 自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere 流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity 相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase 盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain 拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle 平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical ageing光老化photoageing热老化thermal ageing热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化artificial ageing加速老化accelerated ageing计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation聚合反应类：单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反应］polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应telomerization 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RA TRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization 聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator 光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂ionioic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition 再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination单分子终止unimolecular termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator链终止剂chain terminating agent假终止pseudotermination自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反应］end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminationQ值Q valuee值e valueQ,e概念Q, e scheme序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断链降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合graft polymerization 活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer。

rubber的用法总结大全

rubber的用法总结大全1. Rubber作为名词：- 橡胶：rubber is a strong, elastic substance obtained from the latex of certain tropical plants or made synthetically.（例如：natural rubber, rubber tire）- 橡皮擦：a small object used for erasing pencil or ink marks on paper. （例如：eraser）- 防水衣：a waterproof garment, typically made of rubber or a similar synthetic material. （例如：rubber raincoat）2. Rubber作为形容词：- 橡胶制成的：made of rubber or a similar elastic material. （例如：rubber gloves, rubber boots）- 橡皮制成的：made of rubber, especially when referring to erasers. （例如：a rubber band, a rubber eraser）3. Rubber作为动词：- 摩擦：to rub or stroke something with a rubber or similar implement in order to clean, polish, or smooth it. （例如：rubber a table, rubber a shoe）- 磨擦声：to make a squeaking or rubbing sound. （例如：The wheels of the car rubbered on the pavement.）4. 其他常用表达方式：- Rubber duck: a small, floating rubber toy shaped like a duck, often used by children during bath time.- Rubber tree: a type of tree that produces latex, which can be used to make rubber.- Rubber stamp: a small device with an engraved design, usually made of rubber, used for stamping ink onto paper or other surfaces.- Rubberneck: to look around or stare with curiosity, especially at something unusual or shocking.- Rubber match: a deciding game or contest in a series that is tied, usually used in sports.- Rubber room: a colloquial term for a room or area where people are temporarily placed when they are deemed a danger or threat to themselves or others.- Rubber bullet: a non-lethal projectile designed to be fired from a gun, typically used by law enforcement for crowd control.- Rubbernecking: the act of slowing down or stopping one's vehicle to stare at something of interest or curiosity, often causing traffic congestion.。

初中物理化学英语名词汇总

化学中的英语单词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['sætʃə,retɪd] solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns]纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst]催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧 electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn]蛋白质 carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法 gold 金properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质 air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑlə,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt]反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ]复合肥料 mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls]复合材料 nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən]化学方程式 combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应 coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl]化石燃料 synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ]合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ]合成纤维 chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element金属元素crystal ['krɪst!]晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən]结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ]结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd]金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən] of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['aɪən]离子sulphuric acid ['æsɪd]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇） extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ]灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd]农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən]燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质 solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən]乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn]生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物 acid ['æsɪd]酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv]食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳 vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt]温室效应copper['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量rust [rʌst]铁锈relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm]原子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs]原子核anion ['æn,aɪən]阳离子cation ['kætaɪən]阴离子element 元素symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表 salt [sɔlt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən]氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律 fat脂肪neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ]指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯 chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[mə'lɛkj ul]分子Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer ['θɝmə,græf]温度计liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkwɪd] state[stet]液态rust[rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮sodium ['sodɪəm]钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm]铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs]磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm]钛iron ['aɪɚn]铁copper ['kɑpɚ]铜zinc [zɪŋk]锌silver ['sɪlvɚ]银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn]碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən] 机械运动 motion运动 reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物 rest静止 velocity[və'lɑsətɪ] 速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!] rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调（frequently频繁的）frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound：['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən] of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks] lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic[ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力 weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia [ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力（相同，注意理解）pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!] pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy：[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化 boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying：[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ] 热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联 electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度 ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!] energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政）nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!] energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle ['æŋg!] of emergence[ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率 apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质 binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!] image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲 object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!] angle 临界optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维，光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向，偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质。

橡胶,塑料,尼龙三者有什么区别

橡胶，塑料，尼龙三者有什么区别?区别说大不大，说小也不小，总的来说它们都是无机物，塑料是个统称，尼龙也是属于塑料的。

橡胶（Rubber）：具有可逆形变的高弹性聚合物材料。

在室温下富有弹性，在很小的外力作用下能产生较大形变，除去外力后能恢复原状。

橡胶属于完全无定型聚合物，它的玻璃化转变温度（T g）低，分子量往往很大，大于几十万。

塑料（Plastics）：具有塑性行为的材料，所谓塑性是指受外力作用时，发生形变，外力取消后，仍能保持受力时的状态。

塑料的弹性模量介于橡胶和纤维之间，受力能发生一定形变。

软塑料接近橡胶，硬塑料接近纤维。

塑料是指以树脂(或在加工过程中用单体直接聚合)为主要成分，以增塑剂、填充剂、润滑剂、着色剂等添加剂为辅助成分，在加工过程中能流动成型的材料。

塑料为合成的高分子化合物，可以自由改变形体样式。

塑料是利用单体原料以合成或缩合反应聚合而成的材料，由合成树脂及填料、增塑剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、色料等添加剂组成的，它的主要成分是合成树脂。

聚酰胺俗称尼龙（Nylon），英文名称Polyamide（简称PA），是分子主链上含有重复酰胺基团—[NHCO]—的热塑性树脂总称。

包括脂肪族PA，脂肪—芳香族PA和芳香族PA。

其中，脂肪族PA品种多，产量大，应用广泛，其命名由合成单体具体的碳原子数而定。

尼龙中的主要品种是尼龙6和尼龙66，占绝对主导地位，其次是尼龙11，尼龙12，尼龙610，尼龙612，另外还有尼龙1010，尼龙46，尼龙7，尼龙9，尼龙13，新品种有尼龙6I，尼龙9T和特殊尼龙MXD6（阻隔性树脂）等，尼龙的改性品种数量繁多，如增强尼龙，单体浇铸尼龙（MC尼龙），反应注射成型（RIM）尼龙，芳香族尼龙，透明尼龙，高抗冲（超韧）尼龙，电镀尼龙，导电尼龙，阻燃尼龙，尼龙与其他聚合物共混物和合金等，满足不同特殊要求，广泛用作金属，木材等传统材料代用品，作为各种结构材料。

尼龙是最重要的工程塑料，产量在五大通用工程塑料中居首位。

初一英语服装材质单选题50题

初一英语服装材质单选题50题1. This T-shirt is very soft. It's made of _____.A. cottonB. silkC. woolD. leather答案：A。

本题考查常见服装材质名词。

cotton 是“棉”，T 恤常用棉质材料，柔软舒适。

silk 是“丝绸”，一般用于更精致的衣物。

wool 是“羊毛”，通常用于毛衣等。

leather 是“皮革”，T 恤很少用皮革制作。

2. My sweater is very warm. It's made of _____.A. cottonB. silkC. woolD. leather答案：C。

wool 意为“羊毛”，羊毛材质的毛衣保暖性好。

cotton 是“棉”，棉制的毛衣保暖性相对较差。

silk 是“丝绸”，丝绸一般不用于制作保暖的毛衣。

leather 是“皮革”，皮革不用于制作毛衣。

3. That dress looks beautiful. It's made of _____.A. cottonB. silkC. woolD. leather答案：B。

silk 是“丝绸”，丝绸制成的裙子通常看起来很漂亮。

cotton 是“棉”，棉质裙子相对普通。

wool 是“羊毛”，羊毛一般不用于制作裙子。

leather 是“皮革”，皮革裙子较少见且风格不同。

4. These gloves are very comfortable. They are made of _____.A. cottonB. silkC. woolD. leather答案：C。

wool 是“羊毛”，羊毛手套舒适保暖。

cotton 是“棉”，棉手套可能舒适度不如羊毛。

silk 是“丝绸”，丝绸不太适合做手套。

leather 是“皮革”，皮革手套可能舒适度稍差。

5. My scarf is very light. It's made of _____.A. cottonB. silkC. woolD. leather答案：B。

常见物理化学英语名词

化学英语名词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['sætʃə,retɪd]solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns]纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst]催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn]蛋白质carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法gold 金properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑlə,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt]反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ]复合肥料mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls]复合材料nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən]化学方程式combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl]化石燃料synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ]合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ]合成纤维chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element金属元素crystal ['krɪst!]晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən]结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ]结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd]金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən]of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['aɪən]离子sulphuric acid ['æsɪd]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇）extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ]灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd]农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən]燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən]乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn]生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物acid ['æsɪd]酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv]食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt]温室效应copper['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量rust [rʌst]铁锈relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm]原子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs]原子核anion ['æn,aɪən]阳离子cation ['kætaɪən]阴离子element 元素symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [sɔlt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən]氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律fat脂肪neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ]指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[mə'lɛkj ul]分子Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer['θɝmə,græf]温度计liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkwɪd] state[stet]液态rust[rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮sodium ['sodɪəm]钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm]铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs]磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm]钛iron ['aɪɚn]铁copper ['kɑpɚ]铜zinc [zɪŋk]锌silver ['sɪlvɚ]银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn]碘物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən]机械运动motion运动reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物rest静止velocity[və'lɑsətɪ] 速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound：['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən] of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks] lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia[ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!]pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy：[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying：[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ] 热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!]energy source [sors]可再生能源nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!]energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle['æŋg!]of emergence [ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!]image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲 object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!]angle 临界optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维，光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向，偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质。

rubber的用法总结大全

rubber的用法总结大全1. Rubber作为名词，指的是一种弹性材料。

比如：The eraser is made of rubber. （这个橡皮是由橡胶制成的。

）2. Rubber也可以指橡胶制品，尤其是橡胶制的物品，比如：I need to buy some rubber gloves. （我需要买一些橡胶手套。

）3. Rubber作为形容词，意为“橡胶制的”。

比如：The rubber ball bounced off the wall. （橡胶球从墙上弹开。

）4. Rubber作为动词，意为“擦去”或“擦亮”。

比如：Can you rubber the pencil marks off the paper? （你能把铅笔的痕迹擦掉吗？）5. Rubber还可指“橡皮筋”。

比如：She tied her hair back with a rubber band. （她用橡皮筋把头发扎起来。

）6. Rubber还可指“塑胶”。

比如：The handles on these tools are made of rubber. （这些工具的手柄是用塑胶制成的。

）7. Rubber还可指“避孕套”或“橡皮制的避孕套”。

比如：Always use a rubber for safe sex. （进行安全性行为时，要使用避孕套。

）8. Rubber还可指“防滑胶床垫”。

比如：The gymnast landed on a rubber mat. （体操运动员落在一个防滑胶床垫上。

）9. Rubber还可指“橡橡”或“橡膠杯盎”。

比如：He drank a shot of whiskey froma rubber. （他喝了一口威士忌从一个橡橡喝。

）总结：Rubber的用法非常丰富，可以指橡胶材料、橡胶制品、橡胶筋、塑胶等等。

根据上下文和语境，可以理解其具体含义。

橡胶英语名词+助剂技术知识+型号资料

橡胶名词解释大全

橡胶名词解释大全医用橡胶瓶塞medical rubber bottle closure;rubber stopper具有一定形状、尺寸的橡胶类弹性体制品，用于玻璃、塑料等药用瓶状容器口的密封。

其结构大致可分为锥形、T形和翻边形三类；按用途可分为抗生素瓶塞、生物药品瓶塞、喷雾药剂瓶塞和输液瓶塞等。

瓶塞胶料要求不含铅、汞、砷、钡等有害可溶物，与可装药剂不起作用，瓶塞本身不能有喷出物。

一般用NR，IIR和SBR等胶料制作，用模压法生产。

广泛用于制药及医疗行业。

橡胶袋rubber bag是薄片型橡胶产品的一种。

由压延机出胶片，经裁剪、贴合成型后硫化而制成的袋状橡胶产品。

主要用于贮存气体、液体物料。

根据用途，有纯橡胶的，也有织物增强的，可有不同的结构形状及用不同的橡胶制作。

广泛用于日用生活及医疗、卫生部门。

橡胶热水袋rubber hot water bag橡胶薄片状制品的一种。

系用于贮放热水的薄型胶袋。

由中空橡胶袋身、金属螺旋口、金属和非金属旋盖和胶垫组成。

用压延胶片粘贴成型、模压硫化的方法生产。

可用NR或SBR制作。

胶料耐热、耐老化。

用于贮放热水供病人或老年人保持体温之用。

橡胶冰袋rubber ice water bag橡胶薄片状制品的一种。

系贮放冰块和冰水的薄型专用橡胶袋。

用于病人发烧时降温。

橡胶贮气垫rubber gas reservoir for surgery橡胶薄片状制品的一种。

系用于贮存气体的纯胶或夹织物薄型、袋状橡胶制品。

以压延胶片粘贴成型、再经硫化而成。

主要用于呼吸气体的收集、氧气等气体的贮存以及有关呼吸生理研究或肺功能测定。

医用胶管medical rubber tube系用于医疗的管状橡胶制品。

可分为外用和体内用两种类型。

前者用于各种气体、液体输送，如听诊器胶管、输液胶管等；后者通称医用橡胶导管，按结构又可分为单腔管和多腔管。

单腔管只有一个内腔，多腔管供医疗外科手术用，有两个以上的内腔（如双腔止血导尿管、双气囊三腔管等），多腔导管都附有一个或两个胶乳气囊，起封闭或压迫作用。

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橡胶英语名词胶乳制品latex goods橡胶减震制品rubber vibration insulator橡胶密封制品rubber seal胶鞋rubber footwear胶带belting胶管hose帘子线cord轮胎tire，tyre橡胶制品rubber product硫化vulcanization，cure压延calendering挤出extrusion炭黑arbon black混炼mixing of rubber compounds橡胶助剂rubber ingredients塑炼plastication，mastication橡胶配合rubber compounding橡胶加工rubber processing再生胶reclaimed rubber胶乳latex热塑性橡胶thermoplastic elastomer，elastoplastics 合成橡胶synthetic rubber天然橡胶natural rubber橡胶rubber橡胶工业rubber industry丙烯酸酯橡胶acrylate rubber硅橡胶silicone rubber氟橡胶fluororubber聚硫橡胶polysulfide rubber氯醇橡胶epichlorohydrin rubber聚氨酯橡胶polyurethane rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶chloroprene rubber，neoprene乙丙橡胶ethylene-propylene rubber丁基橡胶butyl rubber，isobutylene isoprene rubber 丁钠橡胶Buna rubber异戊橡胶isoprene rubber，cis-1，4-polyisoprene rubber顺丁橡胶cis-1，4-polybutadiene rubber丁苯橡胶styrene-butadiene rubber合成橡胶工业synthetic rubber industry橡胶技术rubber technology加工类：加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index 门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding 射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing 焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent 结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent除臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent高物高化类：结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model 自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere 流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity 相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase 盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain 拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle 平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical ageing光老化photoageing热老化thermal ageing热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化artificial ageing加速老化accelerated ageing计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation聚合反应类：单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反应］polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应telomerization 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RA TRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization 聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移络合物 charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator 光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂ionioic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition 再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination单分子终止unimolecular termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator链终止剂chain terminating agent假终止pseudotermination自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反应］ end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminationQ值Q valuee值e valueQ,e概念Q, e scheme序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断链降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合graft polymerization 活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer。