2013年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In swimming it is necessary to______the movement of the arms and legs.A．coordinateB．harmonizeC．collaborateD．mediate正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词的含义。
A协调，调节；B使和谐；C合作；D调停，调解。
句子的意思是：游泳时手臂与腿部动作要协调。
2．Beijing’s private cars will be banned from the roads ______for one day a week during a six-month trial period.A．incidentallyB．occasionallyC．randomlyD．alternately正确答案：D解析：本题考查副词的含义。
A附带地，顺便提及地；B有时候，偶尔；C 随机地，任意地；D交替地，轮流地。
句子的意思是：北京的私家车将每周轮流一次禁止上路，试行6个月。
3．Joe puts too much______on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor.A．applianceB．defianceC．relianceD．compliance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的含义。
A用具，器具；B挑战，挑衅，蔑视；C依赖；D遵从，依从。
句子的意思是：乔过于依赖药店里的药，不听医生的话。
4．Among 169 cases, the smokers______85.79% , and the ratio between males and females is 3.7 to 1.A．answer forB．account forC．take upD．sum up正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词词组的含义。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。
keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。
complete a.完全的，完整的。
thorough a.彻底的，完全的。
2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。
3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。
D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。
)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。
4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。
2013年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Error Identification 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality.A．beliefB．culpabilityC．offenseD．therapy正确答案：A解析：conviction意为“信念”。
A选项：belief意为“信念，信条”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy．我们坚信，改善医疗保健会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。
故选A。
在其他三项中，B选项：culpability苛责，有罪；C选项：offense 犯罪；D选项：therapy疗法，治疗，都与画线单词的意义不符。
2．Wittingly or unwittingly, our courts are creating what the Reverend Richard John Neuhaus calls a “naked public square”, a secular community devoid of any religious commitments.A．deprived ofB．divested ofC．lacking inD．exempt from正确答案：C解析：devoid of意为“缺乏的，没有的”。
中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题3.doc
中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（2002 年 3 月）PAPER ONEPART II STRUCTURE &VOCABULARY (15 points, 25 minutes)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no but to report him to the local police.A.timeB. changeC. authorityD.alternative17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to _______ regret.A.teem withB. brim withC. come withD. look with18.There is only one difference between and old man and a young one: the young one has a gloriousfuture before him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.A・ splendid B・ conspicuousC・ uproarious D. imminent19- That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A.within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of20.A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it __________ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A.reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates21. ________ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of thewater has evaporated.A.Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up22.Banks shall be unable to ________ , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A.write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come cover23-1 am to inform you, that you may, if you wish, attend the inquiry, and at the inspectors discretion sate your case ___________ or through an entrusted representative.A. in personB. in depthC. in secretD. in excess24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by"being _________ J being open to all kinds of art.A. gratifyingB. predominatingC. excellingD. accommodating25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens ________ the 1 grade.A. leadsB. precedesC. forwardsD. advances26.Desert plants _______ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A.break downB. fall intoC. differ inD. refer to27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roral of aircraft engines which _______ all other sounds.A.dwarfedB.diminishedC. drownedD. devastated28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not ______________ and should be avoided if possible.A.constructiveB. productiveC. descriptiveD. relative29.The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the of investigations.A.caseB. chaseC. causeD. course30.Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.A.precedeB.recedeC・ concede D. intercede31 • Such an __________ act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overtB. episodicC. ampleD. ultimate32._______ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectationsplaces a severe strain on the individual.A. RecreationB. TransactionC. DisclosureD. Exposure33.It would then be replaced by an interim government, which would ______________ be replaced by a permanent government after four months.A. in stepB. in turnC. in practiceD. in haste34.Haven't I told you I don't want you keeping _______ with those awful riding about bicycle boys?A. companyB. acquaintanceC. friendsD. place35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price ofSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D.Indicate which of the four partrs is incorrectly used by drawing a single bar across the squarebrackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36.The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goodsA B Che is selling.D37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, dmg・related crimes thatoverriding majority since they are at heavy demand in the market, c 44. Retailers offered Ddeep discounts and extra hours this weekend in B C (he bid toDlureshoppers.45. The amendments A A B Chave nothing doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.D38.A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by MaryA Bare on display at the meseum.C D39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.A B C D40.Capital inflows w订1 also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, A Bmake it more difficult to sell U.S. exports.C D41.It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as theA Bever-increased world population, have been caused by technological advanceC D42.It takes lhe mosl cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist theA B Ctemptation to revenge as subjected to uncivilized behavio匚D43.Wh订e experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be theA Bof the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhancedBprotection of intellectual property rights and made them confonn to WTO rules. C DPART m CLOSE TEST (15 points, 15 minutes)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious 46 has occurred in the roles that women 47 • Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it alf\ they often enjoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As womens roles have changed, changing expectations about merTs roles have become more 52 • Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasing 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the "emotion work，，58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which merTs and women's roles are becoming increasingly more 6() •46. A. incidents B・C・ results D. effects47. A. take B. do C. playD show48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D.Nevertheless51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent53. A. as B. of C. from D. for54. A. section B・ constituent C. domain D・ point55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially57. A. how B. what C- why D. if58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because60. A. pleasant.important C. similar D. manageablePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (30 points, 60 minutes)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passagecarefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Passage OneThe man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M・ Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola- It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.61.What does the passage tell us about John Sty th Pemberton?A.He was highly respected by Atlantans.B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.62.Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton's Company?A.Skills to make French wine.B.Talent for drawing pictures.C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes's.B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C.He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D・ He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula wased beer bottles were chosen as containers.B.the amount of caffeine in it was increased.C.it was blended with oils instead of water.D.Cola nut extract was added to taste.65.According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially forA.the young as a soft drink・B.a replacement of French Wine Coca.C.the relief of a hangover.D・ a cure for the common headache.66.The last paragraph mainly tellsA.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant.B.a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure.C・ the mediocre service of the drugstore.D.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola.Passage TwoBetween 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social land economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sim in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speechreports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New Yrok daily newspapers combined when the Sim first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald(1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger(1836) and the Baltimore Sun(1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.67.What does the first paragraph say about the "penny press?"A.It was known for its depth news reporting.B.It had an involvement with some political parties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.D.It aimed at pleasing the general public・68.In its early days, a penny paper oftenA.paid much attention to political issues.B.provided stories that hit the public taste.C.offered penetrating editorials on various issues.D.covered important news with inaccuracy.69.As the reader ship was growing more diverse, the penny paperA.improved its contentB.changed its writing style.C.developed a more sensational style.D.became a tool for political parties.70.The underlined word "ventures^ in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced byA.editors.B.reporters.C.newspapers.panies.71.What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore SunlA.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.72.This passage is probably taken from a book onA.the work ethics of the American media.B.the techniques in news reporting・C.the history of sensationalism in American media.D.the impact of mass media on American society.Passage ThreeForget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs-a room of one's own. The writer she had in mind wasn't at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika-his legally adopted name; don't ask him about his birth name-composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn't just a story. It，s an online narrative () that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicated knots. In the four years it took to produce-it was completed in 1997-each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort ofdependent on the industry：jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.“ThaFs unusal for a writer, because if you just write on paper the "technology" is pretty stable二Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual "4city^ in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron 9s 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there's a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is some sense the story you make.Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. "I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot J he says. Some avant-garde writers-Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino- have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author^ control. "But what makes the Net so exciting/7says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation.” That room of one's own is turning into a fun house.73.The passage is mainly to tellA.differences between conventional and modern novels.B.how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron.C・ common features of all modem electronic novels.D.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing.74.Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?A.Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.B.It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modem writers will get nowhere without a word processor.D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because itA.provides potentials for the story development.B.is one of the novels at (g ).C.can be downloaded free of charge.D.boasts of the best among cyber stories.76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant thatA. he could not help but set his Grammatron and others in Industrial Revolution.B・ conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology.C.much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent.D.he couldn't care less about new advance in computer software.77.As the passage shows, Grammatron makes it possible for readers toA.adapt the story for a video version.B.“walk in，，the story and interact with it.C.develop the plots within the author's control.D.steal the show and become the main character.78.Amerika told his students not toA.immerse themselves only in creating the plot.B.be captivated by the plot alone while reading. C・ be lagged far behind in the plot development.D.let their plot get lost in the on-going story.Passage FourIn 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smallerboy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went off to watch cartoons.Today the boys are 18-year-old men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release-probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English jsutice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sloss decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For the rest of their lives, Venables and Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts or the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.In the U.S., which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. "Wele clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world/9 says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts, which, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim's family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. "What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?97asks Bulger's mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials next door. Says conservative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins: Tt almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a passport to a completely new life：'79.What (Kcurred as told at the beginning of the passage?A.2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play.B.James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.C.Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert ThompsonA.have been treated as juvenile delinquents.B.have been held in protective custody for their murder game.C・ were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago.D.have already served out their 10 years in prison・81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men wouldA.hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public.B.be doomed to become social outcasts after release.C.still remain dangerous and destructive if set free.D.be inclined to commit a recurring crime.82.According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will beA.banned from any kind of press interview.B.kept under constant surveillance by police.C.shielded from being identified as killers.D.ordered to report to police their whereabouts.83.From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson wouldA・ have no freedom to go wherever he wants.B.serve a life imprisonment for the crime.C.be forbidden to join many of his relatives.D.no doubt receive massive publicity in the U.S.84.As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells thatA.it is controversial as it goes without precedent.B.the British media are sure to do the contrary.C.Bulger^s family would enter all apeal against it.D.Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals.Passage FiveCan the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor's office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online "virtual visits'，between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees wont have to skip work to tend to minor ailments or to follow up on chronic conditions. "With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your docotr in your hometown can be a big chunk of time," says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors aren't clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. "We are not stupid^ says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley employers group. "Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear they'll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what's needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Cal if.-based start-up. Healinx's "Smart Symptom Wizard" questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctor's office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what's wrong- and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor's groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor's visits offer a “very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet's record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is "a huge roll of the dice for Helainx/5 notes Michael Barrent, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren't satisfied, firgure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.85.The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose ofA. rewarding their employees.B. gratifying the local hospitals.C.boosting worker productivity.D. testing a sophisticated technology.86.What can be learned about the on-line doctors' visits?A.They are a quite promising business-B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.87.Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?A・ Cisco System employees. B. Advice nurses in the clinic.C.Doctors at three local hospitals.D. Oracle executives.88.According to Paragraph 2, doctors are。
中科院历年考博英语作文题集
中科院历年考博英语作文题集(1999-2012)1. 12年03月history repeat itself, do you think so? give some examples to support your viewpoints2. 11年03月To be successful you need friend; To be huge successful you need enemy. 3. 10年03月People often come up with different decisions when facing the same situation. Why? 4. 09年03月Should there be two focuses available in Chinese high school (humanity focus and science focus)? Please give specific reason to support your argument. 5. 08年03月When do you think is the best time for a college candidate to dicide on his major: before going to college or while enrolled in college? Provide your reasons and supporting details. 6. 08年10月What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to suppo rt your argument. 7. 07年03月How would you react to appearance when you are trying to the discrimination against your physic al find a job? 8. 07年10月There have been instances of students humiliating their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings? 9. 06年03月China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of reseach workers, yet it has not p roduced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situatuin in your opinion? 10. 06年10月A lot of people, especially the young, are crazy about stars. They wish to see their heroes at all cos ts. Do you think these people are foolish, understandable or desirable? Justify your opinion. 11. 05年10月 AWhat does work mean to you? Is it just a means to make ends meet, to cover life expenses? 12. 05年10月 BIs a job seeker’s previous work experience important? If so, in what sense and to what extent? If not, why not? 13 . 05年03月How to reduce traffic accidents? 14. 04年03月Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagr ee? State your opinion and give good reason.作文库大全小升初中考满分高考满分高考零分215. 03.年10月My idea of professional Ethics for a scientist 16. 03年03月Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and reseach workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good management of a group of people? 17. 02年10月As a yung scientist, which live would you prefer to: common or uncommon? Why? 18. 02年03月With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, amon g other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about th is reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint. 19. 01年03月There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started 20 years ago. However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growin g contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our count ry? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details. 20. 00年03月One day Jim gave some money to a man on the street who claimed that he had lost all his money a nd couldn’t afford a train ticket to be back home. Some time later, Jim met the same man again wh o told the same story. Jim got very angry with this and decided not to give any more help to anyon e whom he did not know.One respose to this story is that we should help whoever in need if it even if we might have the ris k of be cheated. That is your opinion? State what you think is proper and give your reasons for yo ur viewpoint. 21. 1993年03月To what extent should university courses be geared to economic needs of society? Discuss.。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编38(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编38(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Guarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a manufacturer is______.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)A．qualifiedB．agreeableC．compatibleD．liable正确答案：D解析：A项“qualified”意为“合格的”；B项“agreeable”意为“令人愉快的，惬意的”；C项“compatible”意为“合得来的，协调的”；D项“liable”意为“负有法律责任的”，由句意可知，“制造商有责任提供维修服务”，因此选择D项。
2．A______person is one who gives away money or things in large quantity.A．kindB．gentleC．gracefulD．liberal正确答案：D解析：liberal a.慷慨的，大方的；心胸宽大的，开明的：自由主义的(如：He is liberal with his motley／in his help．Try to keep a liberal attitude and listen to both sides．)。
kind(to)a.友好的，亲切的；和蔼的，仁慈的。
gentle a.和蔼的，温和的。
graceful a.优美的，优雅的。
3．You must pack plenty of food for the journey. ______, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too.A．EquallyB．IncidentallyC．InevitablyD．Likewise正确答案：D解析：likewise ad.同样地，照样地；同样也。
北京中科院2013年考博英语真题
北京中科院2013年考博英语真题Part I Vocabulary (10%)1.Between 1981 and 1987, the number of permanent jobs had increased by only 1,000, although training has been substantiallyby the corporation.A.boostedB. curtailedC. plungedD. expended2.It is a touching scene that every parent can immediatelybecause they have gone through the same ritual with their own children.e throughB. identify withC. take upD. refer to3.In ancient mythology there was no impassableseparating the divine from the human beings.A.polarityB. splitC. gulfD. void4.Guarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a mamifacturer isA. qualifiedB. agreeableC. compatibleD.liable5. The oil spill had aeffect on seabirds and other wildlife.A. reluctantB. mischievousC. devastatingD.malignant6. A friend is a second self.A. as it isB. as it wereC. as well asD.as though7. He leaned out of anupstairs window and felt a current of warm airfrom the street.A. exaltingB. ascendingC. swayingD. fluctuating8. In a market economy, it is impractical tobig banks to reduce the qualification to provide financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.A. take onB. bear onC. hold onD.count on9. The authorus as consistently fair and accurate about the issues.A. dismissedB. agitatedC. struckD.seized10. The new system is similar to the old onethere is stilla strong central government.A. now thatB. so thatC. in case thatD.in that11. In the final analysis,it is ourof death which decidesour answers to ; all the questions that life puts to us.A. conceptionB. deceptionC. receptionD.presentation12. The great tragedy of life is not that men, but that they cease to love.A.terminateB. expireC. perishD. wither13.His doctor has told him he mustn’t drink, but he still has the occasional brandy.A.on the spotB. on the slyC. in natureD. in short14.In some African countries, the cost of treating an AIDS patient mayhis or her entire annual income.A.exploitB.expelC.expireD.exceed15.The currentwith exam results is actually harming children’s education.A.interventionB.manipulationC.obsessionD.domination16.Sometimes certain families adheredthe same religious beliefs for several generations.A.toB.forC.afterD.with17.He knew that the area’s rich plant life had been severelyby the huge herds of cows grazing the land.A. depletedB. decomposedC. corruptedD. corroded18.The long wait for news of my exam results has already set my nerves.A. on fireB. on edgeC. on earthD. on impulse19.A solution must be found that doesn’ttoo many people in this group, otherwise it cannot work.A. arouseB. offendC. spurD. violate20.The Federal Governmentfarmers by buying their surplus crops at prices above the market value.A.piratesB. mediatesC. supplementsD. SubsidizesPart n Cloze (15%)Parents who believe that playing video games is less harmful to their kids’ attention spans than watching TV may want to reconsider. Some researchers 21 more than 1,300 children in different grades for a year. They asked both the kids and their parents to estimate how many hours per week the kids spent watching TV and playing video games, and they 22 the children’s attention spans by 23 their schoolteachers. 24 studies have examined the effect of TV or video games on attention problems, but not both. By looking at video-game use 25 TV watching, these scientists were able to show for the first time that the two activities have a similar relationship 26 attention problems. Shawn Green, a psychologist at the University of Minnesota, points out that the study doesn’t distinguish between the type of 27 required to excel at a video game and that required to excel in school.“A child who is capable of playing a video game for hours 28 obviously does not have a 29 problem with paying attention,” says Green. “30 are they able to pay attention to a game but not in school? What expectancies have the games set up that aren’t being delivered in a school 31?” Modem TV shows are so exciting and fast paced that they make reading and schoolwork seem 32 by comparison, and the same may be true 33 video games, the study notes.“We weren’t able to break the games down by educational versus non-educational 34 nonvio-lent versus violent，” says Swing，35 that the impact that different types of games may have on at-tention is a ripe area for future research.21. A. followedB. trainedC.questionedD.challenged22. A. provokedB. speculatedC.formulatedD.assessed23. A. surveyingB. consideringC.persuadingD.guiding24. A. ContinuedB. terD.Ongoing25. A. far fromB. except forC.as well asD.instead of26. A. forB. toC.onD.of27. A. competitionB. techniqueC.attentionD.strategy28. A. on endB. at lengthC.now and thenD.in and out29. A. similarB. relevantG.seriousD.tricky30. A. WhatB. WhyC.WhenD.Where31. A. settingB. sceneC.frameD.platform32. A. industriousB. limitedC.dullD.funny33. A. onB. atC.inD.for34. A. orB. againstC.whileD.with35.A. addingB. addsC.addedD.having addedPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section A (30%)Passage 1Ever since the early days of modem computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers — room-size behemoths — were referred to as “giant brains” or uelectronic brains，" in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was “artificial intelligence”. DNA,it is said, is the original software.For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just that — a simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, “airplanes don’t flap theirwings. “Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from the push of necessity.The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sight —not today or tomorrow,but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today’s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip’s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases.To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world’s energy supply, a differentapproach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. “Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing,” said John E. Kelly, the director of research at I. B. M.Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the question — answering computer that can play “Jeopardy!” and beat two human champions earlier this year. The I. B. M. ’s clever machine consumes 85，000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. “Evolution figured this out, ” Dr. Kelly said.Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scientists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago, has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype “neurosynaptic” microprocessors ,or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors.36.Paragraph 1 mainly tells.A.what the biological metaphor isB. how computers have improvedC . when modem computing beganD. why DNA is the original software37.Frederick Jelinek’s quotation implies that.A.technology is created by humans rather than by GodB.airplanes differ from birds when using their wingsputers can hardly match human brainsD.biology can barely serve to explain computing38.To meet growing demands computers need to be.A.more complex in circuitryB.smaller in chip sizeC.more energy efficientD.more heat-sensitive39.The boldfaced word “frontiers”(in Para. 5) refers to.puting problemsworking regulationsC.streaming restrictionsD.online shopping benefits40.The human brain is superior to Watson in.A.question generationB.power consumptionC.event organizationD.speech recognition41.In pushing the boundaries of computing, biology serves as a ( n) .A.initiatorB. directorC. acceleratorD. contributorPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section A (30%)Passage 2South Korea’s hagwon ( private tutoring academies) crackdown is one part of a larger quest to tame the country’s culture of educational masochism. At the national and local levels, politicians are changing school testing and university admissions policies to reduce student stress and reward softer qualities like creativity. One-size-fits-all，government-led uniform curriculums and an education system that is locked only onto the college-entrance examination are not acceptable，” President Lee Myung-bak vowed at his inauguration in 2008. But cramming is deeply embedded in Asia, where top grades — and often nothing else — have long been prized as essential for professional success. Modem-day South Korea has taken this competition to new extremes. In 2010, 74% of all students engaged in some kind of private after- school instruction ,sometimes called shadow education, at an average cost of $2, 600 per student for the year. There are more private instructors in South Korea than there are schoolteachers, and the most popular of them make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. When Singapore’Education Minister was asked last year about his nation’s reliance on private tutoring, he found one reason for hope: “ We’re not as bad as the Koreans."In Seoul, large numbers of students who fail to get into top universities spend the entire year after high school attending hagwons to improve their scores on university admissions exams. And they must compete even to do this. At the prestigious Daesung Institute, admission is based on students’ test scores. Only 14% of applicants are accepted. After a year of 14-hour days, about 70% gain entry to one of the nation’s top three universities.From a distance, South Korea’s results look enviable. Its students consistently outperform their counterparts in almost every country in reading and math. In the U. S. , Barack Obama and his Education Secretary speak glowingly of the enthusiasmSouth Korean parents have for educating their children ,and they lament how far the U. S. students are falling behind. Without its education obsession, South Korea could not have been transformed into the economic powerhouse that it is today. But the country’s leaders worry that unless its rigid, hierarchical system starts to nurture more innovation, economic growth will stall — and fertility rates will continue to decline as families feel the pressure of paying for all that tutoring. “You Americans see a bright side of the Korean system. ” Education Minister Lee Ju-ho tells me, but Koreans are not happy with it. ”42.South Korea’s educational system.A.gives much weight to examsB.stresses students’ creativityC.shames the country’s cultureD.offers easy admissions43.Shadow education .A.casts a shadow in students’ mindsB.makes the students’ scores levelC.stimulates competition among teachersD.takes the form of private tutoring44.In Seoul, students who fail to get into top universities.A.can only go to private universitiesB.must spend one more year in high schoolsC.may choose any hagwon they likeD.need to fight for good private tutoring45.Parents in South Korea.ually supervise their children from a distanceB.only focus on their kids’ reading and mathC.devote much of their energy to their kids’ educationment the way the US parents educate their children46.South Korea’s education obsession.A.has failed to nurture any creative studentsB.has contributed to the country’s economic growthC.has led to an increase in the nation’s fertility ratesD.has won world notoriety for South Korean parents47.With respect to the future of the educational system, South Korean politicians.A.are concerned about its rigidityB.see it as a model for other culturesG. wish to encourage the birth of more childrenD.hope to expand the scope of private tutoringPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section A (30%)Passage 3A dispute that, according to Members of Parliament (MPs) , threatens the very survival of London Metropolitan University (London Met) , the capital’s biggest higher education institution, is spilling over onto London’s streets. Last week lorry drivers on Holloway Road in Islington watched as a group of students and staff marched in protest against a meeting of London Met’s governors.“ Save our Staff”and London Met on the Roper”，a reference to the university’s vicechancellor, Professor Brian Roper, screamed the banners.The university, which has 34,000 students, has long attracted controversy for the militancy of its staff and students, but the latest row is a more serious matter. This crisis is over an attempt by the Higher Education Funding Council ( Hefc) to claw back more than ￡ 50m that London Met should not have received. It is believed that as many as 500 jobs could go as a result of the university having been overpaidfor student dropouts since 2005, and the unions are furious, claiming at the same time that the university is being unfairly treated by Hefc but that neither the managers nor the governors have explored the alternatives to job cuts.“The University and College Union ( UCU) is very concerned that the Hefc regulations appear to discriminate against widening participation,” said a UCU spokesperson. “But we also feel very strongly about the fact that the management are not consulting the unions as they are required to do in law and that they have not considered alternatives like a freeze on new appointments. ”One of the issues in dispute is whether students who did not take their assessments at the end of the year but were intending to take them the following year should be classified as drop-outs. Hefcconsiders them to have dropped out and says that its funding definitions apply to all universities regardless ；UCU believes they should not be classified in this way on the grounds that they need all the help they can get to complete the course.The dispute has also hit the House of Commons. An early day motion signed by MPs says that the scale of the cuts —- an 18m reduction in teaching budgets and 38m in claw-backs for previous years—“ throws the future operability of the university into doubt at a time when education and training are vital to the capital’s economic health. ”48.The dispute mentioned is partly between.A.MPs and UCUB.MPs and the HefcC.London Mefs staff and its governorsD.London Met’s students and lorry drivers49.“London Met on the Roper” implies that.A.Brian Roper is in powerB.London Met is at riskC.London Met is facing a brain drainD.Brian Roper is losing credibility50.Hefc is to take back over ￡ 50m from London Met, believing that, for years, thelatter.A.has practiced low standards of teachingB.has overpaid its governors and staffC.has been unfair to some instructorsD.has had lots of students quitting school51.The unions are angry with the school management because the latter.A.has been indifferent to the possible job cutsB.has been negligent in approving appointmentsC.has unwisely widened the student enrollmentD.has unreasonably forced its 500 staff to leave52.According to UCU, Hefc should include in its funding system the students who choose to take their assessments.A. several timesB. outside schoolC.in later yearsD. at a lower cost53.It is likely that the House of Commons will.A.urge Hefc to be reconciled to London MetB.intervene concerning Hefc’s decisionsC.back up the governors of London MetD.question London Met’s qualificationsPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section A (30%)Passage 4After years of defensiveness, a siege mentality and the stonewalling of any criticism,a quiet revolution is under way in animal research.What has triggered this change of heart? It’s partly down to the economic climate plus fewer new medicines and the removal of much of the threat from animal rights extremism, in the UK at least.Until recently the only criticism of animal research came from anti vivisection groups who persistently complained about a lack of transparency. Now criticism is coming from researchers too, with the recognition that not all aspects of animal experimentation are as robust as they should be and that something needs to change.That is why we have published new guidelines aimed at improving the quality of reporting on animal experiments in research papers. These have been met with support, notably from the major funding bodies and many international journals. This is indicative of the new climate in which we operate.Five years ago the guidelines would have been met with scepticism and accusations of increased bureaucracy from some within the scientific community.The difference is that these guidelines come in the wake of recent studies, which reveal serious shortcomings in animal research. One by my own organization, the UK’S NC3Rs, found that key information was missing from many of the 300 or so publications we analysed that described publicly funded experiments on rodents and monkeys in the UK and the US.The new guidelines should ensure the science emerging from animal research is maximised and that every animal used counts. Better reporting will allow greater opportunity to evaluate which animal models are useful and which are not. One way of doing this is through the systematic reviews that are the gold standard in clinical studies but rarely undertaken for animal studies due to the lack of information published.Animal research has been a thorn in the side of researchers for many years. We can’t afford to get this wrong, scientifically, ethically or financially. Failings in reporting animal data properly can be perceived as an attempt to hide something, either about the quality or value of what is being done.When animal research is funded from the public purse a public mandate is essential. There is muchscope for improvement. It is time for scientists ——funders，researchers and editors ― to use the new guidelines to put our house in order.54.According to the passage, those who had long blamed animal research are.A.those ignorant of scienceB. government officialsC. some of their colleaguesD. antivivisection groups55.The passage suggests that the change of heart among animal researchers refersto _.A.their reconsideration of their researchB.their resistance to their greater enemiesC.their giving in to animal right groupsD.their confession to their Work failures56.The new guidelines mostly stress that the report on animal research needs to be.A. directiveB. comprehensiveC. affirmativeD. authoritative57.The UK’s NC3Rs research is mentioned to illustrate that animal research.A. needs government fundingB. needs publishing guidelinesC. involves some serious problemsD. involves analyses and variations58.For animal researchers, to put their work under systematic review would be Something.A. newB. hardG. pleasantD. unthinkable59.The best title for this passage is.A.Make the Most of Animal ExperimentsB.Improve the Quality of Animal ResearchC.Make Every Animal Experiment CountD.Give Public Support to Animal ResearchPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section A (30%)Passage 5Likenesses of Buddha are these days SO commonplace — the casual adornment of fashionable spas, fusion restaurants and Parisian nightclubs — that it is strange to think that artists once hesitated, out of reverence, to portray the Buddha incorporeal form. In 2nd century India, judging by a 2nd century sandstone carving excavated from Mathura, it was sufficient to simply depict an empty throne — the implication that the Buddha was a spiritual king being very clearly understood by anyone who saw it. But as the stunning new gallery of Buddhist sculpture at London’s Victoria and Albert Museum makes Plain, somewhere along the line the reticence （沉默）about rendering the Buddha’s likeness gave way, and the world embarked on two millenniums of rich iconography and statuary. The gallery’s 47 masterworks, chosen from the museum’s renowned Asian collections, trace the Buddha’s portrayal from the 2nd to the 19th centuries, in places as diverse as India, Java and Japan.Inspiration came from unexpected sources. Some sculptors in Sri Lanka and China simply shaped the Buddha in their own likenesses. A 4th century stucco bust unearthed in Afghanistan features the full lips associated with Indian Gupta art, but also fulsome curls that reflect the Greco-Roman artists brought to the region by Alexander the Great.Other enlightened souls are shown beside the Buddha. Among the gallery’s most glorious artifacts are depictions of bodhisattvas —those who deliberately postpone their passage to nirvana （涅槃），Buddhists believe, in order to help others along the eightfold path. In the 14th century, metalworkers from Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley crafted the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, manifestation of the Buddhist lord of compassion, in gilded copper and precious-stone inlay. An androg Y nous -looking deity with wide hips and sensuous form （in Chinese tradition, Avalokiteshvara or Guan Yin is female, in others male） , Avalokiteshvara serene face projects the harmony to which all Buddhists aspire. John Clarke, the gallery’s principal curator, says that Avalokiteshvara is sometimes depicted holding a blooming lotus — a symbol of spiritual purity. “It comes up from the mud, flowers, and remains untouched by the dirt that surrounded it，” he says. You could say the same thing for the wonderful richness of Buddhist art.60.Spas, restaurants and nightclubs are stated to show that.A.images of Buddha are often seen in those placesB.those places are frequented by many Buddhist artistsC.those places are filled with flavor of Buddhist cultureD.Buddhist worshippers regularly go to those places61.The 2nd century Indian case mentioned denotes that artists at that time considered it disrespectful to.A. depict the figure of BuddhaB. reflect things about BuddhismC. paint Buddha in a vague formD. distort Buddhist spirituality62.The new gallery at London’s Victoria & Albert Museum indicates that.A.Buddha’s portrayal came to a surge in the year of 2000B.some Buddha sculptures have a history of about 2,000 yearsC.the image of the Buddha has been distorted for 2,000 yearsD.the silence on portraying Buddha was broken in 200063.The gallery’s sculptures of Buddha reflect.A.the sculptors’ secular views about BuddhismB.the sculptors’ imitation of an alien cultureC.something about the sculptors, own culturesD.something associated with modem art64.To Buddhists, Avalokiteshvara is a deity that can help one.A. against arroganceB. control his temperC. out of greedinessD. out of sufferings65.The last sentence of the passage implies that Buddhist art.A.emerges from other art forms but retains its own featuresB.needs to be further explored in its complex structuresC.keeps its dominant position over any other form of artD.remains a symbol of spiritual purity in the world of artistsPart III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section B (10%)Passage 1In August 1969 an unmarried pregnant woman living in Texas wanted to terminate her pregnancy by having an abortion. Her doctor refused this request because Texas law made it a crime to have an abortion unless the operation was necessary to save the mother’s life. 66 Throughout the legal proceedings, the woman was identified as Jane Roe to protect her anonymity. Roe’s lawyers claimed that the Texas abortion laws violated her rights under the due process clause of the 14 th Amendment, which prohibited states from depriving their citizens of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.67 Justice Harry Blackmun recognized that a woman’s right to an abortion could be limited by “ a compelling state interest” to protect her health and life. Based on medical evidence, Justice Black-mun concluded that during the second trimester”of a woman’s pregnancy (months 4 to 6) ,the stat might intervene to regulate abortion to protect the mother’s well-being. And the state could regulate or prohibit abortion during the third trimester (months 7 to 9) .68The Roe decision has generated continuing controversy. 69 Its critics can be roughly divided into two groups: those who oppose the decision because they believe abortion is murder and those who believe that the Court improperly substituted its policy preference for the will of the people as expressed through their elected representatives in state governments. 70 And so it has been since 1973，when the Hoe case was decided. Efforts to modify or overturn the Roe decision have continued.In Webster v. Reproductive Health Services ( 1989)，for example, the Court upheld provisions of a Missouri law that restricted the right to an abortion, a retreat from the Roe decision that stopped short of overturning it.A.However, during the first trimester ( months 1 to 3) of a pregnancy, it seemed unlikely that there would be “a compelling state interest” to restrict abortion rights to protect the health and life of the mother.B.Abortions performed in the first trimester (months 1 to 3)pose virtually no long-term risk of such problems as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion ( miscarriage) or birth defect,and little or no risk of preterm or low-birth-weight deliveries.C.So the woman sought legal help and filed suit against Henry Wade, district attorney for Dallas County, Texas.D.The Supreme Court ruled that the Texas statutes on abortion were unconstitutional and that a woman did have the right to terminate her pregnancy.E.Justice Byron White accurately remarked in his dissent that the right to an abortion is an issue about which “reasonable men may easily and heatedly differ. ”F.Women’s rights advocates have hailed Roe as a landmark victory.Part III Reading Comprehension (40% )Section B (10%)Passage 2In 1998, a Belgian student named Sacha Klein left Brussels and enrolled as a four-year student at a U. S. university, graduating with a computer-science degree, and landing a summer internship at Virginia-based consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton, where management liked him enough to offer him a full-time position. Today, he designs information systems for Booz Allen, and studies toward a master’s degree in business.He is deaf. 71 In 1990，the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) opened the door for people like klein to contribute to the U. S. economy in ways no one imagined before. The ADA requires businesses to make accommodations to allow a person with a disability to do a job for which he or she is qualified.In addition, the ADA requires public facilities to remove architectural barriers that hinder people with disabilities from shopping, going to the theater, or using public toilets. 72 Katherine McCary，president of a business group that promotes hiring people with disabilities, said European managers tell her they want to hire people with disabilities, but that they can’t get to work.73Had he stayed in Europe, he said, he would not have been able to become a white-collar professional, but would have been put on track for factory work. 74A federal hotline offering advice on workplace accommodations went from handling 3,000 calls per year before the law to 40,000 calls per year in the mid-1990s.The cost of accommodations turned out to be zero in half the cases and averaged about $500 in the other half, according to the Labor Department 75 Compliance with the law is good for business :87 percent of consumers prefer to patronize companies that hire people with disabilities, according to a January 2006 survey by the University of Massachusetts. In addition, workers with disabilities could help relieve a labor shortage.A.Klein thinks attitudes matter, too.B.Employers report that workers with disabilities are loyal and productive.C.Klein said he has learned a lot at Booz Allen about teamwork and communication.D.While one can paint a rosy picture of the U. S. companies embracing people with disabilities, in the early 1990s, the ADA was greeted with panic by the business。
中国科学院考博英语-7
中国科学院考博英语-7(总分：99.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：11.50)1.Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.（分数：0.50）A.incentive √B.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive解析：incentive刺激，诱因，动机；initiative主动，首创精神，进取心，如：take the initiative(采取主动)；fugitive逃亡者；captive指“俘虏”。
根据句子大意，正确选项应是incentive。
2.While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ______ some important museums and buildings. （分数：0.50）A.visiting √B.travelingC.watchingD.touting解析：[解析] visit指“访问，参观、拜访人、参观地方或事物的行为或例子”。
如I visited museums and sat in public gardens．我参观了博物馆，还在公园里坐过。
travel和tour表示“旅行”；watch意为“观看，注视”。
因此，根据句意应选A。
3.The profession fell into ______, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.（分数：0.50）A.harmonyB.turmoil √C.distortionD.accord解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：这个领域陷入了混乱：一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些则提出了大爆炸理论。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2013年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Abruptly the ground fell away from our feet, and an______void opened before us.A．anxiousB．audibleC．awesomeD．amiable正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义。
A焦虑的，发愁的；B听得见的；C令人敬畏的，令人惊叹的；D和蔼可亲的，令人愉悦的。
该句的大意为：突然大地从我们脚下陷落下去，一块可怕的凹陷出现在我们面前。
2．Autobiographical advertising can ______ consumers’ past memories about the product or brand.A．exaggerateB．excavateC．extractD．evoke正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词与名词的搭配。
A夸张，夸大；B挖空，挖掘；C(费力地)取出；采掘，提炼；D唤起，引起；使人想起。
该句的大意为：自传性质的广告可以唤起消费者对于该产品或该品牌的回忆。
3．Many animals are on the ______ of disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos can provide them with a safe place to live and breed.A．rangeB．vergeC．partD．link正确答案：B解析：本题考查介词与名词的搭配。
A山脉，排、行、走向；B边，边沿，边缘；C一部分，组成部分；D连接，纽带。
该句的大意为：许多动物濒临灭绝，动物园可以为它们提供一个安全的地方生存、繁衍。
4．If costs continue to______, the state will not be able to afford this scheme for long, and it will become unpopular.A．soarB．shootC．swingD．settle正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词与动词的搭配。
A猛增，剧增；B射中；C摇摆，摆动；D安顿，使安居，确立(制度等)。
该句的大意为：如果费用继续猛增的话，国家将无法长期承担这一计划，该计划(最终)将无人问津。
5．There’s a______in the fact that although we’re living longer than ever before, people are more obsessed with health issues than they ever were.A．paradoxB．dilemmaC．polarityD．misconception正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词的语义和句子的逻辑关系，是一道语境题。
A似是而非的矛盾说法；B进退两难的困境，窘境；C极，(性质、特点等)正好相反，截然对立；D误解，错误印象。
该句的大意为：矛盾的是，尽管我们现在比任何时候都更长寿，但是人们也比任何时候都更困扰于健康问题。
6．______, Mr. Hall admits that he pushed too hard, and ultimately his efforts failed.A．In essenceB．In due courseC．On averageD．In retrospect正确答案：D解析：本题考查介词短语。
A本质上，大体上，其实；B到时候，在今后适当的时候；C平均起来；D回想起来，回顾往事。
该句的大意为：回想起来，霍尔先生承认当时推得过猛，最终他的努力失败了。
7．A taxicab and a laundry truck missed each other by inches on Sixth Avenue, stopping in such a position that each______the other’s progress.A．imploredB．implementedC．impededD．imparted正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词的形近词辨析。
A恳求，乞求；B使生效，履行，实施；C妨碍，阻碍，阻止；D给予、传授，告知、通知。
该句的大意为：一辆出租车和一辆洗衣店的卡车在第六大道以毫厘之差几乎相撞，并且两辆车停的位置都阻碍了对方的通行。
8．In her new novel, “Annabel,” reviewed this week in the magazine, Kathleen Winter______ the nature-nurture divide.A．outgrowsB．exploresC．perceivesD．contends正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的语义。
A长大(或发展)得使……不再适用；B探索，探究，调查研究；C感知、感觉，认识到、意识到；D搏斗，争斗。
该句的大意为：在凯瑟琳-温德的新小说《安娜贝尔》一书中，作者探讨了先天与后天的区别。
9．They drifted on the lake, fishing and catching shrimp to______.A．get byB．get overC．get alongD．get across正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语。
A通过，设法，继续存在；B克服，使度过，走完；C相处，进展，前进；D横过(马路、河流等)，使被理解，使被接受。
该句的大意为：他们在湖上漂流着，依靠打鱼捕虾度日。
10．In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be______.A．duplicatedB．perceivedC．acquiredD．verified正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的语义和句子的逻辑关系，是一道语境题。
A复制；B 感知，感受；C(尤指通过努力)取得，获得，学到；D证明、证实，核实、查清。
该句的大意为：在加州的一些住房里单靠钥匙是开不了门的，还需验证房主的语音信息。
11．France will lower its tax rate on food and drinks at restaurants in hopes of______ tourists and locals to struggling cafes, which means a saving of $ 7. 05 on a $ 50 meal.A．usheringB．initiatingC．luringD．trapping正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词与名词的搭配。
A引，领，招待；B开始，创始；C吸引、引诱，诱惑；D设陷阱捕捉。
该句的大意为：为了吸引游客和其他人，从而拯救艰难度日的餐馆，法国将降低餐饮业中食品和酒水的税率。
这样一来，50美元的一顿饭可以节省7．05美元。
12．In a global economy that has produced more dramatic ups and downs than anyone thought possible, Asia may be______another disheartening plunge.A．taking inB．heading forC．longing forD．spreading out正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语。
A吸引，领会，包括；B朝……进发，奔，走向；C渴望，羡慕，憧憬；D伸展，延长，分散。
该句的大意为：如今的全球经济已经产生了更多的任何人都无法想象的大起大落，而亚洲可能会面临一个更令人沮丧的经济猛跌。
13．In the 1970s, he became a tireless promoter for the drug as a cure for depression —which he once suffered from —and other______.A．ailmentsB．therapiesC．tollsD．addictions正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词语义和句子中的并列关系，是一道语境题。
A疾病，病痛；B疗法，治疗；C(事故等)伤亡人数；D入迷，嗜好。
该句的大意为：在20世纪70年代，他一直不知疲倦地宣传这种药物，认为它可以用来治疗抑郁症(他自己曾得过)和其他疾病。
14．Hearing the news, she could feel anger______inside her.A．stumblingB．staggeringC．twistingD．surging正确答案：D解析：本题考查名词与动词的搭配。
A绊脚、绊倒，结结巴巴地说；B摇晃，蹒跚；C使转动，使盘绕，使扭转；D起伏，汹涌、猛冲。
该句的大意为：听到这个消息，她感觉到自己怒火中烧。
15．Many advertisers remain______of the Internet and question how heavily to rely on it.A．inconsistentB．supportiveC．skepticalD．prospective正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义。
A不一致的，不协调的；B支持的，维持的；C惯于怀疑的，表示怀疑的；D预期的，未来的，即将发生的。
该句的大意为：许多广告商依旧对互联网持怀疑态度，质疑人们对网络的依赖。
16．If the expert advice is more positive, will the parents be able to ______ attitudes which have built up over decades in a few days?A．approve ofB．shrug offC．show offD．pick up正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语。
A赞成，赞同；B耸肩表示蔑视或表示对……不屑理睬，摆脱；C炫耀，卖弄；D捡起，(尤指偶然地、无意地、不费劲地)得到，学会。
该句的大意为：如果专家的建议更积极，家长们会在短短几天内就能摆脱几十年形成的观点吗?17．It will be very helpful if parents have seen the school environment and know what kind of tasks the school will______on the daily life of their child.A．composeB．imposeC．disposeD．expose正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词与介词的搭配。