有机化学中英文名词归纳整理
有机化学专业词汇-英语
有机化学专业词汇Route ［`raut]【路线】Strategy ［’strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement ［ˏri：ә'reindʒmәnt］【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik］【不对称】Migration ［mai'greiʃәn］【迁移】Mechanism [’mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ［’sʌbstreit］【底物、培养基】Synthesis ［’sinθisis］【合成】Labile ［’leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә’trɔpik］【共沸的】Scheme [ski：m］【图示】Derivative [di’rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous ［ә'nælәgәs］【类似物】Primary ［'praimәri］【伯—】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri］【叔-】Functional ［'fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst ［`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis ［kә`tælisis］【催化（作用)】Catalytical ［kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis］【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai’drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic ［peri’saiklik］ reaction【周环反应】transition ［træn'ziʒәn］ state 【过渡态】homolysis ［hɔ'mɔlisis］【均裂】heterolysis ［ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous ［ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous ［ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ［’sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic ［ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】chiral [`kairәl］【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail］【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju：kliәu'filik］【亲核的】hydrolysis ［hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用）】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解（作用）】displacement [dis’pleismәnt］【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin］【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t］【稀释】dehydrate ［di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai’leiʃәn］【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi’keiʃәn］【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri：’æktәnt］【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt］【加合物】dissolve ［di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation ［ˏdegrә'deiʃәn］【降解】mild ［maild］【（反应)温和的】harsh ［hɑ:ʃ］【(反应）苛刻的】racemic ［rә’si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation ［ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ［’vɔlәtail］【易挥发的】susceptible ［sә'septәbl］【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ［’prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt］【组分】Tare ［tєә］【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ［’kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ［’eikwiәs］【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi］【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification ［ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn］【纯化】Recrystallization [’rikristәlai'zeiʃәn］【重结晶】Crystalline ［’kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation ［ˏdisti'leiʃәn］【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn］【升华】Microwave ［'maikrәuweiv］【微波】Infrared ['infrә’red]【红外】ultraviolet [’ʌltrә’vaiәlit］ active【紫外显色】isotope ［'aisәutәup］【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә］【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn］【转化】Stability ［stә’biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ［’pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ［'filtә］【过滤器】Filtration ［fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ［'filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent [’eljuәnt]【淋洗液】Thin—layer-chromatography ［ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi］ TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative ［pri'pærәtiv］ TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC—MS【液质联用仪】Protic ［’prәutik］【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik］【非质子的】Decompose ［ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu：vәl］【除去】Reduced [ri’dju：st］ pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination ［iˏlimi’neiʃәn］【消除】Addition ［ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd］【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Bench ［bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud］【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә］【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose ［hәuz]【真空管】silicon ［’silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink ［siŋk］【水槽】neutralize ［'nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox ［glʌvә’bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump ［pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ［’spætjulә］【刮刀】miscible ［'misibl］【混溶的】Quench ［kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging [’pә：dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai’treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju’reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:］【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu’skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Lachrymator [’lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI （de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik] 【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju’metrik］【测体积的】Weighing ［'weiiŋ］ paper【称量纸】Mechanical ［mi’kænikl] stirring apparatus ［ˏæpә’reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl］【加热套】Eclipse [i’klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ［’ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә’tɔ：riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ［’æksiәl］【直立（键）的】Gauche ［gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ［'θә：mәudai’næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic ［kai’netik］【动力学的】Enantioselective ［eˏnæntiәsi’lektiv］【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic ［ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】。
有机化学常用中英文词汇对照
Amine胺
ound季铵化合物
Carbohydrate碳水化合物
Amine oxide氧化胺
Aldose醛糖
Diazoalkane重氮烷
Ketose酮糖
Mercaptan硫醇
Furanose呋喃糖
Sulfonic acid磺酸
Cyanohydrin羟腈
Acyl iodide酰碘
Pinacol频哪醇
Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯
Enol烯醇
Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐
Enol ether烯醇醚
Ketene乙烯酮
Enol ester烯醇酯
Peracid过酸
Enamine烯胺
Perester过酸酯
Pyranose吡喃糖
Sulfoxide亚砜
Glycoside糖苷
Sulfone砜
Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷
Aldehyde醛
Aglycon苷元
Detone酮
Saccharide糖类
Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物
Oligosaccharide寡糖
Ketone hydrate酮水合物
Polysaccharide多糖
Diene双烯
Thioester硫代酸酯
Triene三烯
Thiol acid硫羰酸
Allene丙二烯
Lactone内酯
Ccumulene累积多烯
Lactol内半缩醛
Enyne烯炔
Macrolide大环内酯
Diyne二炔
Amino acid氨基酸
Alkyl halide卤代烷
Zwitterions两性离子
有机化学专业英语词汇
有机化学专业英语词汇organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列•沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析。
整理有机化学词汇,带音标,完整版.
Acetal ['æsitæl]【缩醛】acetic [ə's itik] acid 【乙酸】acetic anhydride[æn`h aidraid] 【乙酸酐】Acetone ['æsitәun]【丙酮】Acetylene [ә's etili:n]【乙炔】acid chloride【酰氯】acidify [ә'sidifai]【酸化】acrylic [ә'krilik] acid 【丙烯酸】acylation[ˏæsi'leiʃ(ә)n]【酰化作用】Aldehyde['ældihaid]【醛】Alkaline ['ælkәlain]【碱】alkane['ælkein]【烷烃】alkene['ælki:n]【烯烃】alkylation [ˏælki'leiʃ(ә)n]【烷基化】alkyne['ælkain]【炔烃】aluminum [ˏælju:'minjәm]【铝】amide ['æmaid]【酰胺】Amidine ['æmiˏdi:n]【脒】amine[ә`min] 【胺】ammonia ['æmәunjә]【氨（水）】anhydrous[æn`haidrɔs]【无水的】aniline [`ænili:n]【苯胺】Anisole ['æniˏsәul]【苯甲醚】anthranilic [ænθ'rәnilik] acid【邻氨基苯甲酸】Aziridine【氮杂环丙烷】azomethane [ˏæzәu'meθein]【偶氮甲烷】Barbituric [ˏbɑrbi`tjurik] acid【巴比妥酸】benzoic [ben'zәuik] acid 【苯甲酸】benzoyl ['benzәuil] peroxide [pә'rɔksaid]【过氧化苯甲酰】benzyl ['benzil] 【苄基】Benzylic[ˏben'zilik]【苄基】benzyloxy [ˏbenzi'lɔksi]【苄氧基的】borane ['bәurein] 【硼烷】Brine [brain]【盐水】bromination ['brәumineiʃәn]【溴代】bromine['brәumi:n]【溴】Bulky['bʌlki]【体积较大的】cadmium ['kædmiәm] oxide氧化镉calcium ['kælsiәm] chloride【氯化钙】Carbamate ['kɑ:bәmeit]【氨基甲酸酯(或盐)】Carbanion ['kɑ:bәnaiәn]【碳负离子】carbazole ['kɑ:bәzәul]【咔唑】Carbocation [ˏkɑ:bә'keiʃәn]【碳正离子】Carbonic [kɑ:'bɔnik] acid 【碳酸】Carbonyl ['kɑ:bәnil]【羰基】Carboxylic [ˏkɑ:bɔk'silik]【羧基的】Carobohydrate['kɑ:bәu'haidreit]【碳水化合物】chlorination[ˏklɔ:ri'neiʃәn]【氯代】chlorine['klɔ:ri:n]【氯】chloroform ['klɔ(:)rәfɔ:m]【氯仿】Chloroformate[ˏklɔ:rә'fɔ:meit]【氯甲酸脂】chloromethylation[klɔ:rәˏmeθi'leiʃәn【氯甲基化】chlorosulfonation [ˏklәurәˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn]【氯磺化】C ocaine[kә'kein]【可卡因】condensed sulfuric [sʌl'fjuәrik] acid【浓硫酸】cuprous ['kju:prәs] cyanide['saiәnaid]【氰化亚铜】Decarboxylation [ˏdikɑ:ˏbɔksә'leiʃәn]【脱羧】diazonium [ˏdaiә'zәuniәm]salt【重氮盐】dichloromethane [daiˏklɔ:rә'meθein]【二氯甲烷】Dimethyl sulfide['sʌlfaid]【二甲硫醚】Dioxane [dai'ɔksein]【二噁烷】Dipole['d aipәul]【偶极】Electron deficency【缺电子】Electron donating group【供电基】Electron rich【富电子】Electron withdrawing group【吸电基】Enamine [i'næmin]【烯胺】enol['i:nɔl]【烯醇】Enone ['i:nɔn]【烯酮】Enzyme ['enzaim]【酶】Epoxide [e'pɔksaid]【环氧化物】epoxyethane [e'pɔksiθein]【环氧乙烷】Ester['estә]【脂】Esterification[esˏterifi'keiʃәn]【酯化】Ethanol ['eθәnɔl]【乙醇】Ether ['i:θә]【醚】Ethyl ['eθil]【乙基】Ethyl acetate ['æsiˏteit]【乙酸乙酯】fluorination[ˏflu:әri'neiʃәn]【氟代】fluorine['fluәri:n]【氟】Formic['fɔmik] acid 【甲酸】fuming nitric ['naitrik] acid【发烟硝酸】Furan ['fjuәræn]【呋喃】glycerol['glisәˏrɔl]；glycerin ['glisәrin]【甘油，丙三醇】Glycine ['glaisi:n]【氨基乙酸】glycol['glaikɔl] 【乙二醇】Glycoside ['glaikәˏsaid]【糖苷】Guanidine ['gwænәdi:n]【胍】Guanine ['gwɑ:ni:n]【鸟嘌呤】halide['hælaid]【卤化物】halogen['hælәdʒәn]【卤素】hydrazide [`haidrәˏzi:n]【酰肼】hydrazine [`haidrәˏzi:n]【肼】hydrazone [`haidrәˏzәun]【腙】Hydrogen ['haidrәudʒәn] 【氢】hydroxyl[hai`drɔksil] groups 【羟基】Hypochlorite [ˏhaipәu'klɔ:rait] 【次氯酸盐】Imidazole [ˏimi'dæzәul]【咪唑】Imide['imaid]【酰亚胺】Imine['imi:n]【亚胺】indazole ['indәzәul]【吲唑】indole [' indәul]【吲哚】Intermolecular [ˏintә:mә'lekjulә]【分子间的】Intramolecular [ˏintrәmә'lekjulә]【分子内的】iodination['aiәdineiʃәn]【碘代】iodine['aiәdain]【碘】i-Propanol['prәupænәl]【异丙醇】Irradiation [iˏreidi'eiʃәn]【光照】Isocynate [aisәu'saiәneit]【异氰酸酯(或盐)】isoquinoline【异喹啉】Isothiocynate [aisәuˏθaiәu'saiәneit]【异硫氰酸酯】Ketone['ki:tәun]【酮】Lactam['læktæm]【内酰胺】Lactone['læktәun]【内酯】Lead[li:d] acetate['æsiˏteit]【醋酸铅】linear['liniә]【直链的】lithium ['liθiәm]【锂】magnesium[mæg'ni:zjәm] sulfate['sʌlfeit]【硫酸镁】Meta-['metә]【间-, 偏-，次-】Methanol ['meθәnɔl]【甲醇】Methoxyl [me'θɔksil]【甲氧基】Methyl ['meθil]【甲基】Molecular [mәu'lekjulә]sieve[siv]【分子筛】Morphine['mɔ:fi:n]【吗啡】Morpholine['mɔ:fɔˏli:n]【吗啡啉】n-Butanol['bjutәnәul]【正丁醇】n-hexane [hek'sein]【正己烷】Nickel ['nikl] 镍nitration[nai'treiʃәn]【硝化】nitrile [`naitrail]【腈】Nitrogen ['naitrәdʒәn] 【氮】nitromethane [ˏnaitrә'meθein]【硝基甲烷】Nitromethane[ˏnaitrә'meθein]【硝基甲烷】Olefin ['әulәfin]【烯烃】Oligosaccharide[ˏɔligәu'sækәraid]【寡糖】Organometallic[ˏɔ:gәnәumi'tælik]【有机金属的】Ortho-['ɔθә]【邻-，正-，原-】Orthoformate[ˏɔθә'fɔmeit] 【原甲酸脂】Oxalic acid [ɔk'sælik]【草酸】oxidation[ɔksi'deiʃәn] 【氧化】oxime ['ɔksi:m]【肟】Oxygen ['ɔksidʒәn] 【氧】Palladium [pә'leidiәm]【钯】Para-['pærә]【对-，仲-，副-】Peptide ['peptaid]【肽】Petroleum [pi'trәuliәm] ether【石油醚】Phenol ['f i:nәl]【苯酚】phenyl ['fenəl]【苯基】Phosgene['fɔzdʒi:n]【光气】phosphorous ['fɔsfәrәs] tribromide[tr ai'brәumaid]【三溴化磷】phosphorus ['fɔsfәrәs] 【磷】phosphorus oxychloride [ˏɔksi'klɔ:raid]【三氯氧磷】Phthalimide['θælimaid]【邻苯二甲酰亚胺】piperazine [pi'perәzi:n]【哌嗪】piperidine [pi'peridi:n]【哌啶】poly phosphoric [fɔs'fɔrik] acid 【多聚磷酸】Polymerization[ˏpɔlimәrai'zeiʃәn]【聚合】potassium[pә'tæsiәm] hydroxide [hai`drɔksaid]【氢氧化钾】Proton ['prәutɔn]【质子】pyridine ['piridi:n]【吡啶】pyrimidine[piri'midi:n]【嘧啶】pyrolidine[pi'rәuliˏdi:n] 【四氢吡咯】pyrrole ['piәrәul]【吡咯】Quaternisation[kwɔtәnai'seiʃәn]【季铵盐化】quinoline ['kwinәli:n]【喹啉】quinoxaline [kwi'nɔksәli:n]【喹喔啉】Radical ['rædikәl] initiator [i'niʃieitә]【自由基引发剂】reduction[ridʌkʃәn] 【还原】salicylate [sæ'lisileit]【水杨酸酯（或盐）】saturated ['sætʃәreitid]【饱和的】Selenium[si'li:niәm]【硒】sodium azide [`eizaid]【叠氮化钠】sodium bicarbonate [bai'kɑ:bәnit]【碳酸氢钠】sodium borohydride [ˏbɔ:rә'haidraid]【硼氢化钠】sodium carbonate【碳酸钠】Sodium Citrate ['sitrit]【柠檬酸钠】sodium hydride [haidraid] 【氢化钠】Sodium Hydrosulfite [ˏhaidrәu'sʌlfait]【连二亚硫酸钠、保险粉】sodium nitrite ['naitrait]【亚硝酸钠】sodium thiosulfate [ˏθaiәu'sʌlfeit]【硫代硫酸钠】Steroid['stirɔid]【甾族化合物】Sulfonamide【sʌl'fɔnәmaid】【磺酰胺】sulfonation[ˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn]【磺化】sulfone ['sʌlfәun] 【砜】Sulfonyl['sʌlfәnil]chloride【磺酰氯】sulfoxide [sʌl'fɔksaid]【亚砜】Sulfur['sʌlfә]【硫】Thiocyanate[θaiәu'saiәneit]【硫氰酸酯】Thiolate ['θaiәuleit]【硫醇脂(或盐)】thionyl['θaiәnil] chloride【氯化亚砜】thiophene ['θaiәˏfi:n] 【噻吩】Thiourea [ˏθaiәujuә'riә]【硫脲】Tin(II) chloride【二氯化锡】toluene ['tɔljui:n] 【甲苯】Transesterification [t rænsәsˏterәfi'keiʃәn]【酯交换】Triethylamine [traiˏeθәlә'mi:n]【三乙胺】triflate[trifleit]【三氟甲磺酸酯（或盐）】trifluoroacetate [traifluәrә'æsiteit]【三氟乙酸酯（或盐）】Triphenylphosphine [traiˏfenәl'fɔsfi:n] oxide ['ɔksaid] 【三苯氧磷】Triphosgene【三光气】Ultrasonication[ˏʌltrәˏsɔni'keiʃәn]【超声作用】Urea ['juәriә]【尿素】xylene ['zaili:n]【二甲苯】Zinc[ziŋk] 【锌】Acetal ['æsitæl]【缩醛】acetic [ə'sitik] acid 【乙酸】acetic anhydride[æn`haidraid]【乙酸酐】Acetone ['æsitәun]【丙酮】Acetylene [ә'setili:n]【乙炔】acid chloride【酰氯】acidify [ә'sidifai]【酸化】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】acrylic [ә'krilik] acid 【丙烯酸】acylation[ˏæsi'leiʃ(ә)n]【酰化作用】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】Aldehyde['ældihaid]【醛】Alkaline ['ælkәlain]【碱】alkane['ælkein]【烷烃】alkene['ælki:n]【烯烃】alkylation [ˏælki'leiʃ(ә)n]【烷基化】alk yne['ælkain]【炔烃】aluminum [ˏælju:'minjәm] 【铝】amide ['æmaid]【酰胺】Amidine ['æmiˏdi:n]【脒】amine[ә`min] 【胺】ammonia ['æmәunjә]【氨（水）】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】anhydrous[æn`haidrɔs]【无水的】aniline [`ænili:n]【苯胺】Anisole ['æniˏsәul]【苯甲醚】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] E ffect【端基异构效应】anthranilic [ænθ'rәnilik] acid【邻氨基苯甲酸】Aprotic[ә'prәutik] 【非质子的】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Aziridine【氮杂环丙烷】azomethane [ˏæzәu'meθein]【偶氮甲烷】Barbituric [ˏbɑrbi`tjurik] acid【巴比妥酸】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】benzoic [ben'zәuik] acid 【苯甲酸】benzoyl ['benzәuil] peroxide [pә'rɔksaid] 【过氧化苯甲酰】benzyl ['benzil] 【苄基】Benzylic[ˏben'zilik]【苄基】benzyloxy [ˏbenzi'lɔksi]【苄氧基的】borane ['bәurein] 【硼烷】Brine [brain]【盐水】brominat ion ['brәumineiʃәn]【溴代】bromine['brәumi:n]【溴】Bulky['bʌlki]【体积较大的】cadmium ['kædmiәm] oxide氧化镉calcium ['kælsiәm] chloride【氯化钙】Carbamate ['kɑ:bәmeit]【氨基甲酸酯(或盐)】Carbanion ['kɑ:bәnaiәn]【碳负离子】carbazole ['kɑ:bәzәul]【咔唑】Carbocation [ˏkɑ:bә'keiʃәn]【碳正离子】Carbonic [kɑ:'bɔnik] acid 【碳酸】Carbonyl ['kɑ:bәnil]【羰基】Carboxylic [ˏkɑ:bɔk'silik]【羧基的】Carobohydrate['kɑ:bәu'haidreit]【碳水化合物】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】chiral [`kairәl] 【手性的】chlorination[ˏklɔ:ri'neiʃәn]【氯代】chlorine['klɔ:ri:n]【氯】chloroform ['klɔ(:)rәfɔ:m]【氯仿】Chloroformate[ˏklɔ:rә'fɔ:meit]【氯甲酸脂】chloromethylation[klɔ:rәˏmeθi'leiʃәn【氯甲基化】chlorosulfonation [ˏklәurәˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn] 【氯磺化】Cleavage【分离，脱除】Cocaine[kә'kein]【可卡因】column chromatography【柱层析】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】condensed sulfuric [sʌl'fjuәrik] acid【浓硫酸】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu]【转化率】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】cuprous ['kju:prәs] cyanide['saiәnaid]【氰化亚铜】Decarboxylation [ˏdikɑ:ˏbɔksә'leiʃәn]【脱羧】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】Deprotection【脱保护】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik]【非对映的】diazonium [ˏdaiә'zәuniәm]salt【重氮盐】dichloromethane [daiˏklɔ:rә'meθein]【二氯甲烷】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】Dimethyl sulfide['sʌlfaid]【二甲硫醚】Dioxane [dai'ɔksein]【二噁烷】Dipole['daipәul]【偶极】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Electron deficency【缺电子】Electron donating group【供电基】Electron rich【富电子】Electron withdrawing group【吸电基】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】Enamine [i'næmin]【烯胺】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv]【对映选择性的】enol['i:nɔl]【烯醇】Enone ['i:nɔn]【烯酮】Enzyme ['enzaim]【酶】Epoxide [e'pɔksaid]【环氧化物】epoxyethane [e'pɔksiθein]【环氧乙烷】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】Ester['estә]【脂】Esterification[esˏterifi'keiʃәn]【酯化】Ethanol ['eθәnɔl]【乙醇】Ether ['i:θә]【醚】Ethyl ['eθil]【乙基】Ethyl acetate ['æsiˏteit]【乙酸乙酯】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filter Cake【滤饼】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】fluori nation[ˏflu:әri'neiʃәn]【氟代】fluorine['fluәri:n]【氟】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】Formic['fɔmik] acid 【甲酸】fuming nitric ['naitrik] acid【发烟硝酸】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Furan ['fjuәræn]【呋喃】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】glycerol['glisәˏrɔl]；glycerin ['glisәrin] 【甘油，丙三醇】Glycine ['glaisi:n]【氨基乙酸】glycol['glaikɔl] 【乙二醇】Glycoside ['glaikәˏsaid]【糖苷】Guanidine ['gwænәdi:n]【胍】Guanine ['gwɑ:ni:n]【鸟嘌呤】halide['hælaid]【卤化物】halogen['hælәdʒәn]【卤素】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs]【非均相的】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】hydrazide [`haidrәˏzi:n]【酰肼】hydrazine [`haidrәˏzi:n]【肼】hydrazone [`haidrәˏzәu n]【腙】Hydrogen ['haidrәudʒәn] 【氢】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】hydroxyl[hai`drɔksil] groups 【羟基】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Hypochlorite [ˏhaipәu'klɔ:rait] 【次氯酸盐】I midazole [ˏimi'dæzәul]【咪唑】Imide['imaid]【酰亚胺】Imine['imi:n]【亚胺】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】in large scale【大量】indazole ['indәzәul]【吲唑】indole [' indәul]【吲哚】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】Intermolecular [ˏintә:mә'lekjulә]【分子间的】Intramolecular [ˏintrәmә'lekjulә]【分子内的】Introduction【引入】iodination['aiәdineiʃәn]【碘代】iodine['aiәdain]【碘】i-Propanol['prәupænәl]【异丙醇】Irradiation [iˏreidi'eiʃәn]【光照】Isocynate [aisәu'saiәneit]【异氰酸酯(或盐)】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】isoquinoline【异喹啉】Iso thiocynate [aisәuˏθaiәu'saiәneit]【异硫氰酸酯】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】Ketone['ki:tәun]【酮】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】Lactam['læktæm]【内酰胺】Lactone['læktәun]【内酯】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Lead[li:d] acetate['æsiˏtei t]【醋酸铅】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】linear['liniә]【直链的】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】lithium ['liθiәm] 【锂】magnesium[mæg'ni:zjәm] sulfate['sʌlfeit]【硫酸镁】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Meta-['metә]【间-, 偏-，次-】Methanol ['meθәnɔl]【甲醇】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Methoxyl [me'θɔksil]【甲氧基】Methyl ['meθil]【甲基】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】Molecular [mәu'lekjulә]sieve[siv]【分子筛】Morphine['mɔ:fi:n]【吗啡】Morpholine['mɔ:fɔˏli:n]【吗啡啉】n-Butanol['bjutәnәul]【正丁醇】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】n-hexane [hek'sein]【正己烷】Nickel ['nikl] 镍nitration[nai'treiʃәn]【硝化】nitrile [`naitrail]【腈】Nitrogen ['naitrәdʒәn] 【氮】nitromethane [ˏnaitrә'meθe in]【硝基甲烷】Nitromethane[ˏnaitrә'meθein]【硝基甲烷】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik] 【亲核的】Olefin ['әulәfin]【烯烃】Oligosaccharide[ˏɔligәu'sækәraid]【寡糖】Organometallic[ˏɔ:gәnәumi'tælik]【有机金属的】Ortho-['ɔθә]【邻-，正-，原-】Orthoformate[ˏɔθә'fɔmeit] 【原甲酸脂】Oxalic acid [ɔk'sælik]【草酸】oxidation[ɔksi'deiʃәn] 【氧化】oxime ['ɔksi:m]【肟】Oxygen ['ɔksidʒәn] 【氧】ozonolysis [ ,əuzəu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】Palladium [pә'leidiәm]【钯】Para-['pærә]【对-，仲-，副-】Peptide ['peptaid]【肽】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】Petroleum [pi'trәuliәm] ether【石油醚】Phenol ['fi:nәl]【苯酚】phenyl ['fenəl]【苯基】Phosgene['fɔzdʒi:n]【光气】phosphorous ['fɔsfәrәs] tribromide [trai'brәumaid]【三溴化磷】phosphorus ['fɔsfәrәs] 【磷】phosphorus oxychloride [ˏɔksi'klɔ:raid]【三氯氧磷】Phthalimide['θælimaid]【邻苯二甲酰亚胺】piperazine [pi'perәzi:n]【哌嗪】piperidine [pi'peridi:n]【哌啶】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】poly phosphoric [fɔs'fɔrik] acid 【多聚磷酸】Polymerization[ˏpɔlimәrai'zeiʃәn]【聚合】potassium[pә'tæsiәm] hydroxide [hai`drɔksaid]【氢氧化钾】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә]【前体】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Proton ['prәutɔn]【质子】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】pyridine ['piridi:n]【吡啶】pyrimidine[piri'midi:n]【嘧啶】pyrolidine[pi'rәuliˏdi:n] 【四氢吡咯】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】pyrrole ['piәrәul]【吡咯】Quaternisation[kwɔtәnai'seiʃәn]【季铵盐化】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】quinoline ['kwinәli:n]【喹啉】quinoxaline [kwi'nɔksәli:n]【喹喔啉】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】Radical ['rædikәl] initiator [i'niʃieitә]【自由基引发剂】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】reduction[ridʌkʃәn] 【还原】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv]【区域选择性的】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Route [`raut]【路线】Run column【用柱层析分离】salicylate [sæ'lisileit]【水杨酸酯（或盐）】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】saturated ['sætʃәreitid]【饱和的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Selenium[si'li:niәm]【硒】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】side chain【侧链】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】sodium azide [`eizaid]【叠氮化钠】sodium bicarbonate [bai'kɑ:bәnit]【碳酸氢钠】sodium borohydride [ˏbɔ:rә'haidraid]【硼氢化钠】sodium carbonate【碳酸钠】Sodium Citrate ['sitrit]【柠檬酸钠】sodium hydride [haidraid] 【氢化钠】Sodium Hydrosulfite [ˏhaidrәu'sʌlfait] 【连二亚硫酸钠、保险粉】sodium nitrite ['naitrait]【亚硝酸钠】sodium thiosulfate [ˏθaiәu'sʌlfeit]【硫代硫酸钠】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】Stability [stә'bil iti]【稳定性】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Steroid['stirɔid]【甾族化合物】stir bar 【搅拌子】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik]【化学量的】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Sulfonamide【sʌl'fɔnәmaid】【磺酰胺】sulfonation[ˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn]【磺化】sulfone ['sʌlfәun] 【砜】Sulfonyl['sʌlfәnil]chloride【磺酰氯】sulfoxide [sʌl'fɔksaid]【亚砜】Sulfur['sʌlfә]【硫】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Thin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Thiocyanate[θaiәu'saiәneit]【硫氰酸酯】Thiolate ['θaiәuleit]【硫醇脂(或盐)】thionyl['θaiәnil] chloride【氯化亚砜】thiophene ['θaiәˏfi:n] 【噻吩】Thiourea [ˏθaiәujuә'riә]【硫脲】Tin(II) chloride【二氯化锡】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】toluene ['tɔljui:n] 【甲苯】Tran sesterification [trænsәsˏterәfi'keiʃәn]【酯交换】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】Triethylamine [traiˏeθәlә'mi:n]【三乙胺】triflate[trifleit]【三氟甲磺酸酯（或盐）】trifluoroacetate [traifluәrә'æsiteit]【三氟乙酸酯（或盐）】Triphenylphosphine [traiˏfenәl'fɔsfi:n] oxide ['ɔksaid] 【三苯氧磷】Triphosgene【三光气】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Ultrasonication[ˏʌltrәˏsɔni'keiʃәn]【超声作用】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】Urea ['juәriә]【尿素】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】xylene ['zaili:n]【二甲苯】Zinc[ziŋk] 【锌】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】A nomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Aprotic[ә'prәutik] 【非质子的】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Cataly sis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Ca talytical [kætә`l itikәl] 【催化的】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】chiral [`kairәl] 【手性的】Cleavage【分离，脱除】column chromatography【柱层析】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】Deprotection【脱保护】Derivative [di'rivәti v]【衍生物】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv] 【对映选择性的】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filter Cake【滤饼】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】Hydrogenoly sis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】in large scale【大量】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】Introduction【引入】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomer ization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】nucleophili c [ˏnju:kliәu'filik] 【亲核的】ozonolysis [ ,əuzəu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Route [`raut]【路线】Run column【用柱层析分离】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】side chain【侧链】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】S teric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】stir bar 【搅拌子】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik] 【化学量的】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Thin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】高频有机化学词汇，带音标Route [`raut]【路线】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】chiral [`kairәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik] 【亲核的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】。
有机化学中英文名词归纳整理
有机化学中英文名词归纳整理第1章绪论蛛网式cobweb formula缩写式condensed formula键线式bond-line formula共价键covalent bond八隅律octet rule杂化轨道hybrid orbital偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interaction官能团functional group反应机制mechanism自由基free radical共振理论resonance theory共振杂化体resonance hybrid第2章立体化学手性chirality对映体enantiomer手性分子chiral molecule对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom对称面symmetric plane对称中心symmetric center费歇尔投影式Fischer projection偏振光polarized light旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation外消旋体racemate非对映异构体diastereoisomer差向异构体epimer内消旋化合物meso-tartaric acid构型configuration第3章结构测定吸收光谱absorption spectra紫外光谱ultraviolet spectra红外光谱infrared spectra伸缩振动stretching vibration弯曲振动bending vibration核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 屏蔽效应shielding effect去屏蔽效应deshielding effect信号裂分signal splitting自旋-自旋偶合spin-spin coupling偶合常数coupling constant质谱mass spectroscopy分子离子molecular ion碎片离子fragment ion同位素峰isotope peak第4章烷烃和环烷烃甲烷methane 乙烷ethane 丙烷propane 丁烷butane 戊烷pentane 己烷hexane 庚烷heptane 辛烷octane 壬烷nonane 癸烷decane 正n- 异iso- 新neo-methylMe甲基ethylEt乙基n-propyln-Pr(正)丙基isopropyl iso-Pr异丙基n-butyln-Bu(正)丁基sec-butylsec-Bu仲丁基iso-butyliso-Bu异丁基tert-butylt-Bu叔丁基构象conformation构象异构体conformational isomer沸点boiling point, b.p.熔点melting point ，m.p.卤代反应(halogenation)第5章烯烃和炔烃烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon加成反应addition reaction亲电加成反应electrophilic addition马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markownikov” rule 碳正离子Carbenium ion催化加氢Catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应polymeric reaction聚合物polymer单体monomer共轭二烯烃conjugated diene共轭效应Conjugate effect共轭加成conjugated addition第6章芳香烃苯及其同系物芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbons芳香族化合物aromatic compound苯benzene亲电取代electrophilic substitution卤代反应Halogenation reaction硝化反应nitration磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation氯苯chlorobenzene溴苯bromobenzene苯磺酸benzene sulfonic acid傅-克反应Friedel-Crafts alkylation稠环芳香烃萘naphthalene蒽anthracene菲phenanthrene休克尔规则Huckel rule第7章卤代烃卤代烷haloalkane亲核试剂nucleophilic reagent过渡态transition state乙烯基卤代烃vinyl halohydrocarbon 烯丙基卤代烃allyl halohydrocarbon 苄基卤代烃benzyl halohydrocarbon 卤代烃halohydrocarbon亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitution 消除反应elimination第8章醇硫醇酚醇alcohol硫醇thiol或mercaptan苯酚phenol萘酚naphthol二硫化物disulfide甲基亚砜dimethyl sulfoxide，DMSO 氧化反应oxidation还原反应reduction烯醇enol：第9章醚醚ether概念：鍚盐oxonium salt过氧化物peroxide环醚cyclic ether开环反应ring open reaction冠醚crown ether名称：四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran第10章醛和酮醛aldehyde酮ketone概念：羰基carbonyl group醇醛缩合aldol condensation互变异构现象tautomerism碘仿反应iodoform reaction福尔马林formalin酮体ketone body醌quinone名称：甲醛formaldehyde氰醇cyanohydrin半缩醛hemiacetal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal水合氯醛chloral hydrate水合茚三酮ninhydrin2，4-二硝基苯胼2，4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 烯醇enol酮式keto form烯醇式enol formTollens试剂Tollens reagent Fehling试剂Fehling reagent第11章羧酸和取代羧酸一、羧酸羧酸carboxylic acid取代羧酸substituted carboxylic acid 邻位效应ortho-effect羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivative 酰卤acyl halide或acid halide酯ester酯化反应esterification脱羧反应decarboxylation二、取代羧酸卤代羧酸halogeno acid羟基酸hydroxy acid氨基酸amino acid第12章羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物derivatives of carboxylic acid羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction 水解反应hydrolysis醇解反应alcohoysis氨解反应ammonolysis酰化反应acylating reaction酰化剂acylating agent碳酸衍生物derivatives carbonic acid尿素urea丙二酰脲malonyl urea胍guanidine巴比妥barital巴比妥酸barbituric acid罂粟碱papaverine20.海洛因heroin第13章胺和生物碱胺amine胆碱choline乙酰胆碱acetylcholine生物碱：一般指生物体内的一类含氮有机化合物重氮diazo偶氮环合物azo-compound重氮盐diazo salt重氮酸盐diazoate偶联反应coupling reaction重氮化合物盐酸普鲁卡因procaine hydrochloride苯磺酰氯benzenesulfonyl choride甲苯磺酰氯tosyl chloride兴斯堡实验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization偶氮染料azo dyes酸性橙Iacid orange I甲基橙methyl orange生物碱alkaloid麻黄碱ephedrine阿托品atropine阿片opium吗啡morphine可待因codeine第14章杂环化合物呋喃furan噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole噻唑thiazole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole吡啶pyridine吡喃pyran嘧啶pyrimidine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline嘌呤purine第15章脂类油脂油脂lipid=三酰甘油triacylglycerol=甘油三酯triglyceride油oil脂肪fat脂肪酸fatty acid皂化反应saponification：油脂在碱性溶液中的水解又称皂化反应皂化值saponification number：g油脂完全皂化时所需氢氧化钾的毫克数碘值iodine number：00g油脂所能吸收的碘的克数酸败rancidity：油脂在空气中放置过久，会发生变质，产生难闻的气味，这种现象称为酸败酸值acid number：中和g油脂中的游离脂肪酸所需氢氧化钾的毫克数磷脂phospholipid甘油磷脂glycerophosphatide卵磷脂lecithin脑磷脂cephalin胆碱choline乙醇胺ethanolamine鞘磷脂sphingomyelin鞘氨醇sphingosine神经酰胺ceramide甾族化合物steroid甾醇sterol第16章糖类糖saccharide概念：单糖monosaccharide：不能在被水解成更小分子的糖，如葡萄糖、果糖、核糖。
有机化学英语词汇大全
有机化学英语词汇大全(总10页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除有机化学专业词汇Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[腯Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the co njugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the con jugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛acetal[化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基' alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基.-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n&G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半***i- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三-tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一.uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇)Benzoic acid (苯甲酸)Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸) Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyl oylhydrazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺] 2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）pentanediol (戊二醇)pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇) Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸）Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸) Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸)Sorbic acid （山梨酸）sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbitRoute [`raut]【路线】 Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】 Rearrangement[ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt] 【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】 Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】 Mechanism['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】 Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】 Labile['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】 Scheme [ski:m]【图示】 Derivative[di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】 Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】 Secondary['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】 Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】 Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】 Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】 transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】 homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】 homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】 Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】 chiral [`kairәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik] 【亲核的】 hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】 formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】 dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】 dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】 reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】 degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】 mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】 racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】 substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】 equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】 in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】 Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】 Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】 Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】 Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】 Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】 Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】 Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】 Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】 Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】 ultraviolet['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】 isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】 Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】 Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】 Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】 Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】 hin-layer-chromatography[ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】 HPLC【高效液相色谱】 LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】 Aprotic[ә'prәutik] 【非质子的】 Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】 Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】 Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】 Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】 Run column【用柱层析分离】 Stopcock['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】 Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】 Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】 Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】 silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】 stir bar 【搅拌子】 Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】 vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】 spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】 Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】 Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】 Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】 Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik] 【化学量的】 Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】 Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】 Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】 Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】 Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】 Thermodynamic['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】 Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv] 【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】 Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】 Stereoselectivity[ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】 Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】 Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】 Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】ozonolysis [ ,əuzəu'nɔlisis ]【臭氧分解】 conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Deprotection【脱保护】 Introduction【引入】 Cleavage【分离，脱除】。
有机化学专业术语中英对照大全
有机化学专业术语中英对照大全Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Aryl group芳基Activating group活化基团Auxochrome助色团Acyl cation酰[基]正离子Arenirm ion芳[基]正离子Aci form酸式Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳Absolute configuration绝对构型Achiral非手性[的]Anomer端基[差向]异构体Anti conformation反式构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Atropismer阻转异构体Axial bond直[立]键Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Antarafacial reaction异面反应Ambident两可[的]Acid-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Anomeric effect端基异构效应Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Apofacial reaction反面反应Aryl action芳正离子Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Alkylation烷基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Amination氨基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Additive dimerization加成二聚Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage酰基裂解Alcoholysis醇解Aminomethylation氨甲基化Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation偶姻缩合Annulation,annelation增环反应Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Aromatization芳构化Abstraction夺取[反应] Aminomercuration氨汞化Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型迁移Acyl rearrangement酰基重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement负离子转移重排Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Alkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Allene丙二烯Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Amine胺Amine oxide氧化胺Aldehyde醛Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物Acetal缩醛Aminal缩醛胺Aldimine醛亚胺Aldimine醛肟Azine嗪Acyl halide酰卤Acyl fluoride酰氟Acyl chloride酰氯Acyl rtomide酰溴Acyl iodide酰碘Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acyl peroxide酰基过氧化物Amide酰胺Acyl azide酰叠氮Amidine脒Acyl cyanide酰腈Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Amino acid氨基酸Aldol羟醛Acyloin偶姻Aldose醛糖Aglycon苷元Alditol糖醇Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aromatic compound稠环化合物Arene芳香化合物Alkylbenzene芳烃Aiaryl联苄Acene并苯Aryne芳炔Annulene烨烯Azulene？Alkaloid生物碱Azoxy compound氧化偶氮化合物Azlactone二氢？唑酮Azepine氮杂？Arsine胂Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Azo cimpound偶氮化物Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型[的]Bridged-ring system桥环体系Benzylic cation苄[基]正离子Bisecting conformation等分构象Boat conformation船型构象Banana bond香蕉键Basic solvent碱性溶剂B strain后张力Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Borderline mechanism边理机理Backside attack背面进攻Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Benzyne苯炔Bredt rule布雷特规则Bisamination双氨基化Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Betaine甜菜碱Bibenzyl烷基苯Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl联苯Benzvalene盆苯Barrelene桶烯Benzoin苯偶姻Benzil偶苯酰Chromophore生色团Common ring普通环Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Configuration构型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Cisoid conformation顺向构象Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Conformational transmission构象传递Cross conjugation交叉共轭Conrotatory顺旋Cycloaddition环加成Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Carbocation碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Carbine碳炔C- alkylation C-烷基化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Cine substitution移位取代Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Coupling reaction偶联反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应Conjugate addition共轭加成carbonylation羧基化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Condensation缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Cyclization环化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation催化脱氢Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转移重排Carbon acid碳氢酸Ccumulene累积多烯Cellosolve溶纤剂Crown ether冠醚Cyanohydrin羟腈Carboxylic acid羧酸Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯Carbon suboxide二氧化三碳Carbammic acid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Carbohydrate碳水化合物Cycloalkene环烷Cage compound 螺烷Catenane轮烷cyclophane环芳Chalcone查耳酮Chloroborane氯硼烷carotene胡萝卜素Charge-transfer spectrum电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent化学位移试剂Circularly polarized light圆偏振光Cottoneffect卡滕效应Chiron,chiral building block手性子Chiral induction手性诱导Chiral reagent手性试剂Chiral catalyst手性催化剂Chiral solvent手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent]手性助剂Convergent synthesis汇集合成Diastereotopic非对映异位[的]D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系Diastereomer非对映[异构]体Delocalezed bond离域键Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Disroatatory对旋Dielectric constant介电常数Diaxial addition双直键加成Deactivating group钝化基团Demethylation脱甲基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Dimerization二聚Decarbonylation脱羰Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Double bond migration 双键移位Diene 双烯Diyne 二炔Diazoalkane 重氮烷Detone 酮Dithiane 二噻烷Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯Diazo compound 重氮化合物Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物 Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮 Diazine 二嗪Diterpene 二萜Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Enantiomer 对映[异构]体 Epimer 差向异构体 Erythro configuration 赤型构型 Erythro isomer 赤型异构体 E isomerE 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrical effect 电场效应Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给[体]受体络合物Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrofuge 离电体Exhaustivemethylation 彻底甲基化 Ethylation 乙基化 Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成 Ene synthesis 单烯合成 - elimination-消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成 Esterification 酯化 Ethanolysis 乙醇解Enolization 烯醇化Epoxidation 环氧化Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排 Enyne 烯炔 Ether 醚 Epoxide 环氧化物Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Ester 酯Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量 Fluxional structure 循变结构Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式 Field effect 场效应 F strain 前张力Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁 Fluorene 芴 fulvene 富烯 Furan 呋喃 Flavone 黄酮Ferocene 二？铁Formal synthesis 中继合成Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Guest客体Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol二醇Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷Grignard reagent格氏试剂Helical molecule螺旋型分子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic异位[的]Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Homolog同系物Hyperconjugation超共轭Huckel’rule休克尔规则Homoaromaticity同芳香性Host主体Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Homochiral纯手性[的]Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Hydroxylation羟基化Hydroboration硼氢化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Hydrometallation氢金属化Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Hydrazone腙Hydrazide酰肼Hydantion乙内酰脲Helicene螺旋烃Hydrazo compound氢化偶氮化物Hydroquinone氢醌Heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Isomerism异构[现象]Ipso position本位Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭Inductive effect诱导效应Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Intermediate 中间体I strain内张力Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Ion pair 离子对Internal return内返Inversion反转Insertion插入imine亚胺Isonitrile 异腈Imide二酰亚胺Indene茚Imidazole咪唑Isoquinoline异喹啉Isoflavone异黄酮Large ring大环Laevo isomer左旋异构体Leois structure路易斯结构Linear free energy线性自由能Large angle strain大角张力Leaving group离去基团Lithiation锂化Lactone内酯Lactol内半缩醛Lactam内酰胺Lipid 类脂Linear synthesis线性合成Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Medium rimg中环Mirror symmetry镜面对称Meso compound内消旋化合物Meta position间位Para position对位Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Mesomeric effect中介效应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Mechanism机理Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Markovnikov’s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Michael addition迈克尔加成Meta directing group间位定位基Mitallation金属化Mercuration汞化Migratory aptitude迁移倾向Migration迁移Mercaptan硫醇Macrolide大环内酯Monoterpene单萜Neoman projection纽曼投影式No-bond resonance无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon非交替烷Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Nitrene氮宾Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleofuge离核体Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应N-alkylationN-烷基化Nitration硝化Netro compound 硝基化合物Nitrile腈Nitrile oxide氧化腈N-bromo compound N-溴化物Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Octahedral compound八面体化合物Optical activity光学活性Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ortho position邻位Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应O- alkylationO-烷基化Oxyamination羟氨基化Oxo process羰基合成Oxonolysis臭氧解Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脱羧Oxymercuration羟汞化Oxime肟Oxime亚硝基化合物orthoester原酸酯Oligosaccharide寡糖Osazone脎Oxazine？嗪Organometallic有机金属化合物Optical purity光学纯度Optical induction光学诱导Spiroannulation螺增环Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重排Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Prototropy质子转移Photosensitization 光敏化photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemical rearrangement光化学重排Paraffin wax石蜡Peracid过酸Perester过酸酯Peptide肽Pyranose吡喃糖Polysaccharide多糖Propellane笼型化合物Pyrrole吡咯Pyrazole吡唑Porphyrin卟啉Pyridene吡啶Piperidine哌啶Phosphine膦Phosphonium salt？盐Phosphorus ylide磷叶立德Phospholipid磷脂Pheromone信息素Phytohormone植物激素Polarized light偏振光Partial synthesis部分合成Protecting group保护基Phenyl group 苯基Quinhydrone醌Quinhydrone醌氢醌Quinoline喹啉Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution外消旋固体溶液Rotamer旋转异构体Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Racemization外消旋化Ring clsure环合Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Reductive alkylation还原烷基化Reductive acylation还原酰化Reductive dimerization还原二聚Rearrangement重排Ring contraction环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环[反应] Rotazane螺桨烷Rused ring索烃Retrosynthesis逆合成Relay synthesis接替合成Spiro compound螺环化合物Stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism立体异构[现象] Symmetry factor对称因素Si faceSi面Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Stereochemical orientation立体[化学]取向Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Solvent effect溶剂效应Solvated electron溶剂化电子Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Substrate底物Small-angle strain小角张力Substitution取代Silylation硅烷[基]化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Sulfonation磺化Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Saponification皂化Single electron transfer单电子转移Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Super acid超酸Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Saccharide糖类Spirane环烯Sydnone悉尼酮Sulfur ylide硫叶立德Sesquiterpene倍半萜Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Specific rotation比旋光Synthesis合成Synthon合成子Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Torsion angle扭转角Twist conformation扭型构象Transoid conformation反向构象Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Tautomerization互变异构化tautomerism互变异构Thermodynamic control热力学控制Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Torsional effect扭转效应Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力Transamination氨基交换Trimefization三聚Transesterification酯交换Transacetalation缩醛交换Transfer hydrogenation转移氢化Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Triene三烯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Triazole三唑Triazine三嗪Thiazole噻唑Terpene萜Triterpene三萜Tandem reaction sequence连续反应过程Topochemistry拓扑化学Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Umbrella effect伞效应Umpolung极反转Valence bond method价键法Vinylog插烯物Valence tautomerism价互变异构Walden inversion瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡Ylide 叶立德Ynamin炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Zwitterions两性离子。
有机化学常用英汉词汇
abate 缓和, 减弱; 减(税); 降(价); [律]撤消abide by 遵守; 服从account for 说明; 解释; 报偿acetal 乙缩醛,乙醛二乙醇,醛缩醇,缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛,醋醛acetamide 乙酰胺acetanilide 乙酰苯胺,退热冰[解热药]acetic 乙酸的,醋的acetic acid 醋酸,乙酸acetone 丙酮acetonitrile 乙腈acetophenone 苯乙酮,乙酰苯[镇静催眠药]acetyl 乙酰基; 醋酸基acetylation 乙酰化(作用)achiral 无手性的acidosis [ˌæsiˌdəusis]酸中毒acyl helide 酰卤acyl 酰基acylation 酰化作用adapter 接头,接合管,连接管,适配器,转接器,接合体addition 加,附加,添加,补充,加入,加成,相加作用additional 附加的, 另外的加,添加的adjacent 靠近的,邻近的,毗连的admix 掺和,混合adverse 逆的,相反的,不利的,有害的agitation 搅动(作用),精神激动,搅拌,激动,鼓动airbone 空运的, 空中传播的alcohol 醇,乙醇,酒精aldehyde 乙醛, 醛aldol ①醛醇,align 成(直)线,排列,排牙,校整,对准,定位,定中心aliphatic 脂肪族的, 脂肪质的aliquot (整分)部分,可分量,(拉)除得尽能整除;alkali 碱; 强碱alkaline 碱的,强碱的,碱性的alkane 链烷,烷属烃alkene [化]烯烃, 链烯链(烯)烃,乙烯系碳氢化物,烯烃菌素alkyl halides 卤烃类alkyl 烷基,烃基alkylation 烷化,烃化,烃基化(反应)alkylhalide 烷基卤alkyne 炔属烃,链炔,炔烃alleviate 减轻(痛苦等),缓和allow for 考虑到allyl [化]烯丙基alumina 氧化铝,矾土aluminum 铝amalgam 汞合金,汞齐ambient 围绕著的; 周围的amide 酰胺amine 胺amino 氨基aminophenol 氨基苯酚ammonia 氨,稀氨水,氨水,氢氧化铵溶液ammonium 氨盐基, 铵andiron 柴架anesthesia 感觉缺失,麻木,麻醉anesthetic 麻醉学,感觉缺失的,麻醉的,麻醉剂angle 角anhydride 酐,脱水物anhydrous 无水的aniline 氨基苯,苯胺anorexia 食欲缺乏,厌食症anti 反,抗-{前缀}anticonvulsant 抗惊厥剂,抗抽搐剂apparatus 器械,装置,仪器,器官,机构approximation 近似,近似法,近似值,接近aromatic 芳香族的,芳香的,芳香剂aromaticity 芳香性,芳族性arrest 停止,阻止逮捕, 监禁;arrhythmias 无节律性,心律不齐,心律失常aryl 芳基,芳香基arylamine 芳香胺asbestors 石棉aspiration 抽吸,吸(引),吸引术热望, 渴望aspirator 抽吸器,抽气器assembly 集合,装配,小群落,装置,成套,部件,组件,组合assess 评价,估计assumption 假设,假定asterisk 星状物,星号asymmetric 不均匀的; 不对称的attain 达到, 获得axial 轴的,中轴的,轴式的azeotrop 共沸混合物,恒沸混合物azo [=chemical group-N=N]偶氮含氮的back up 支持; 贮存baffle (百叶式)挡(光)板,障板,折流板,吸声板,定向屏蔽,栅极,反射体,干扰,隔板,缓冲板,阻板barrel 桶; 把……装入桶内basicity 碱度, 碱性beaker 烧杯,大酒杯,一大酒杯的量bench 长凳,台,座,架,实验台,钳工台,工作台benzaldehyde [化]安息香醛; 苯甲醛benzamide 苯甲酰胺,苯酰胺benzene sulfonyl 苯磺酰benzene 苯benzidine 联苯胺,4,4'-二氨基联(二)苯benzil 二苯甲酰,苯偶酰,联苯酰,二苯(基)乙二酮benzoate 苯甲酸盐,苯甲酸酯benzoin 安息香,苯甲酰苯甲醇,苯偶姻,二苯乙醇酮benzophenone 苯甲酮benzoyl 苯甲酰(基),苯酰benzyl 苄基,苯甲基benzyl 苄基,苯甲基bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐biphenyl 联苯,联二苯bis 二度; 二回bisulfite 重亚硫酸盐重亚硫酸盐; 酸性亚硫酸盐blanket 毯子,铺布,复,盖,扑灭,抑制,隐蔽bluish 带蓝色的,淡蓝色的boiling 煮沸, 沸腾, 起泡bore 钻(孔),镗,内径,钻孔器,内径,锥,挖,掘,孔,洞令人讨厌的人;烦扰, 出生, 钻孔bored 无趣的, 烦人的, 无聊的; vbl. 烦扰, 钻孔boric acid 硼酸borneol 龙脑,冰片,乙醇,梅片,樟醇,钓樟醇borohydride 硼氢化物,氢硼化物brine 盐水,盐卤bromide 溴化物bromo 溴代,溴基bromobenzene 溴苯bromonium 溴鎓buchner funnel 布氏漏斗,平底瓷漏斗budget 预算;bulb 球茎, 电灯泡bump 碰撞,(曲线上的)折曲,拐点bunsen burner 本生灯,煤气灯butane 丁烷butanol 丁醇butene 丁烯butyl 丁基, 丁基合成橡胶butyrophenone 丁酰苯,丙基-苯基甲酮,苯丙甲酮c.p.chemically pure 化学纯ca. [=circa(about)]大约,(时间)前后calibrate 定标,定分度,校准,使标准化calibration 校准call for 求援camphor 樟脑caproate ①己酸盐,②己酸酯caprolactam 己内酰胺carbocation 碳阳离子carbonyl 羰基,碳酰carborundum 金刚砂,碳化硅carboxyl 羧基carboxylic 羧基的羧酸cardiac 强心剂, 强胃剂; 心脏的, (胃的)贲门cardinal (果蝇)绯色眼,主要的,基本的,轴节的carotene 胡萝卜素carry out 实现; 执行cases are knowncasserole 勺皿,焙盘,蒸锅catalyst 触媒剂; 催化剂catalytic [化]催化剂的, 起触媒作用的catalyze 使起催化作用; 使起接触反应caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的cautious 谨慎的,细心的ceramic 陶瓷的,陶瓷制品charcoal 药用炭,活性炭,炭末[吸附剂]chip 屑晶片, 薄片; [电子]集成电路片; chiral 手(征)性的,手性chirality 手性,手征,偏光力,手型,手征性chlorocarbon 氯碳化合物chloroform 氯仿,三氯甲烷[防腐药] chlorophyll 叶绿素chromic acid 铬酸,三氧化铬circulatory 循环的cloudy 混浊的,多云的coefficient 系数coenzyme 辅酶coil 线圈,线团,螺管colloidal 胶体的,胶质的,胶态的comment 注解, 批评, 评论;concentric 同心的,具同心环纹的condensate 冷凝物,冷凝液condensation 压缩, 凝缩, 液化浓集condense 冷凝,凝结,凝聚,浓缩,聚光conduction 传导configuration 构型,配位conformation 构象congo 刚果conical 圆锥形的conjugate 结合物,(骨盆)直径,共轭,偶合,轭合,轭合物,接合,结合,成对,成对的,对生的,共轭体conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭contemplate 注视,仔细思考convection 传达, 对流, 对流converse 相反的事物, 倒, 逆向;convulsion 抽搐,惊厥copious 丰富的,丰饶的,大量的copper 铜cord 绳索, 束缚cork 软木(塞),木栓,软塞,塞住coupling 结合,偶合,偶联,连接器covalent 共有原子价, 共价crease 皱,折痕,折缝,变皱,使折缝creep 滞缓,蠕变,爬,蔓延,位移,频率漂移criterion (复criteria)标准,判据,准则,尺度,判别式,指标crown 冠,根颈,副花冠crucial 决定性的,极难的,十字形的crystal 晶体,结晶crystalline 水晶的, 透明的, 结晶性的crystallization 结晶作用,结晶crystallize (使)结晶cuprous 亚铜的,一价铜的customary 习惯的, 惯常的, 原来的cyanate 氰酸盐cyanide 氰化物cyano 氰基cyanohydrin 氰醇,氰腈cyclic 周期的,循环的,环状的cycloalkane 环烷烃cyclohexane 环己烷cylindrical 圆筒状的,圆柱状的datum (复data)数据,基准,资料,论据,材料,证据decane 癸烷(C10H22)decantation 滗,倾析,滗析,倾泻,滗出decarboxylation 脱羧decided 明显的,明确的,决定的decompose 分解,腐败,分析,还原,使腐烂,腐解defat 脱脂degradation 降解,递降,分解作用dehydrated 脱水的dehydration 脱水(作用),失水denote 表示,指示,意味dense 密集的density 密度depict 描写dermatitis 皮肤炎desiccant 干燥剂,干燥的desiccator 干燥器,保干器,烘干器designate 命名,指定,指明,指示,选派detergent 去垢剂,洗涤剂,清洁剂,去污剂,去污的detoxify 去毒,解毒,戒烟毒deviation 偏差,偏向,偏离,偏位,斜位,偏移,偏斜devote 投入于, 献身dextrorotatory 右旋的,正旋的diastereoisomer 非对映异构体,非镜像异物体diastereomer 非对映体diastereotoic 非对映异位的diazo 重氮基diazonium 重氮基diazotization 重氮化作用diazotize [化]使重氮化dichromate 重铬酸盐diethyl ether 麻醉乙醚diethylene 二乙烯differentiate 微分,区别,分化区别, 差别, 求……的微分diketone 二酮基dilute 稀释,稀薄的,淡的,冲淡dioxane 二噁烷,二氧杂环己烷dipole 偶极(子),偶极天线,对称振子disorientation 定向力障碍,定向消失dissociation 分离,离解,分裂(精神病)dissolve 溶解, 解散, 使感动, 废除dissymmetric 不对称的distillate 馏出物,馏变,蒸馏,精华,露剂disulfide 二硫化物dodecane 十二烷drierite 德里拉特[干燥用无水硫酸,商品名]droplet 小滴,徽滴,飞沫dropwise 点滴的,滴状,滴加,一滴一滴地,点滴地drowsiness 困倦,昏昏欲睡duct 管,导管dullness 钝; 迟钝; 暗淡; 阴沉; 沉闷; 萧条ebullition 沸腾, 横溢, 精神饱满eclipse 日蚀, 月蚀, 衰落;elasticity 弹力, 弹性electron 电子, 极微小的东西electronegaticvity 负电性electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic 亲电子的elongate 伸长,长形的emulsion 乳剂,乳胶,乳浊液,乳状液enantiomer 对映体,对映异构物enantiotopic 对映异位的encompass 包围,环绕,包括enol 烯醇enormous 巨大的,庞大的epoxide 环氧化物equilibrium 平衡,饱和,长期平衡erlenmeyer flask 埃伦迈尔烧瓶,锥形瓶erythro 红,赤,赤藓ester 酯esterification 酯化(作用)ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇, 酒精ethenyl 乙烯基,次乙基ether 醚,乙醚大气, 苍天ethoxy 乙氧基ethoxyethane 乙氧基乙烷,乙醚ethyl 乙基,乙烷基ethylene chloride 氯化乙烯ethylene 乙炔,乙烯,乙撑,次乙基eutectic 易熔的,低共熔的evacuate 排泄,排粪,抽空,撤离,排除,排气exert .施加,产生,发挥exothermic 发热的, 放出热量的expedient 有利的,方便的,权宜的办法extinguisher 消除器,灭火器eyelid 睑,眼睑facial 脸的, 脸部用的fashion 流行, 风尚, 时样; 形成, 造, 作faucet 水龙头,旋塞,开关,水阀,承口,插口ferrous 亚铁的,二价铁的fibrillation 纤维性颤动,原纤维形成filament 细丝,丝,花丝,丝状体,藻丝体,纤丝filter flask 吸滤瓶filtrate 过滤液; 过滤水; 滤(出)液filtration 滤过,过滤,滤光(作用) fluorescence 荧光萤光, 发萤光, 萤光性flute (凹)槽,波纹, 笛, 横笛;foolproof 笨人也能处理的; 简单的formaldehyde 甲醛, 蚁醛formate 甲酸盐,甲酸酯,甲酸根,蚁酸盐,蚁酸酯formation 生成,形成,结构formic 蚁的, 蚁酸的甲酸的formyl 甲酸基fountain 泉水; 喷泉fractionation 分段分离,分部分离,分级分离fragment 碎片,断片,片段freeze 冻结,凝固,冰结,冰冻,冷冻funnel 漏斗,围食膜,烟囱,浇铸漏斗,浇口,使成漏斗形furan 呋喃furnish 供给, 提供, 装设gait 步态,步法garment 衣服, 衣装, 外表gastrointestinal 胃肠的gauche 邻位交叉式gauge 表,规,量规,量计,样板gause 薄纱, 纱布, 金属网gauze 纱布,线网gel 胶化体, 凝胶;geometrical 几何学的, 几何的giddiness 眩晕glacial 冰的,冰样的,冰状的,玻璃状的,坚硬的,极纯的,冰的glycerol 甘油; 丙三醇glycol 乙二醇,甘醇goggle 护目镜,遮灰眼镜gradient 梯度,陡度,斜度graduate 毕业生,刻度量器,量杯,量筒,分度器,刻度,划分刻度,分度,蒸浓,毕业,渐渐变为gram 克gravity 重力grind 研磨,碾,磨光,捣,刻苦用功,研碎,粉碎grip 抓紧, 抱住, 吸住grit 磨料,粗砂,石英砂,砂粒,抛光粉,人造磨石,粒度,筛网,磨擦,石细胞团ground glass 毛玻璃; 磨砂玻璃guanidine 胍[横纹肌兴奋药]gummy 树胶状的; 黏著性的halide 卤素化合物,卤化物haloform 卤仿halogenate 卤化halogenation 卤化作用,卤化helices 单环helium 氦hemiacetal 半缩醛hepatomegaly 肝肿大hepatotoxicity 肝毒性heptane 庚烷heptane 庚烷heterocyclic 杂环的, 不同环式的heterogeneous 异形的,异质的,非均质的,杂的,异种的heterolysis 异种溶解,外力溶解hexahydrobenzene 六氢苯hexamethylene 环己烷,环六亚甲基,环己基hexane 己烷hilarity 欢闹的心情, 欢喜, 高兴hirsch funnel 赫尔什漏斗homogeneous 同种的,同质性的,单相的homolog 同系物homologous 对应染色体,同源染色体,同等染色体,同种(异体)的,同源的,同系的,类似的,相应的homolysis 均裂hood 罩,盖,帽,座舱盖hose 胶皮管,软管,蛇管,用管子供水hydrate 水合物, 水化合物,hydration 水合(作用)hydrazine 肼,联胺,肼屈嗪,肼酞嗪,肼苯哒嗪hydrazone 腙hydride 氢化物hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloride 盐酸化物,氢氯化物hydrolysis 水解（作用）hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxy [化]氢氧根的, 羟基的hydroxylamine [化]羟胺; 胲hygroscopic 引湿性的,吸湿性的hypothetical 假说的,假设的,假定的identity 鉴定,鉴别, 相同, 身份, 一致, 同一人; 同一物imidazole 咪唑,异吡唑imide [化]酰亚胺impair[=impaired]损伤的,受损的impinge 碰撞打击, 伤害, 影响implosion 以恐治恐法,内爆 [音声]内破裂; 闭塞impotence 性无能,无能力,阳痿,阳萎indentation 齿痕,切迹,凹入,缺口,成穴作用indole 吲哚,苯并吡咯infallible 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的infrared 红外(线)的ingest 摄取,摄食,咽下,吸收,摄入ingestion 咽下,吸收,食入,摄食inhibitor 抑制器,抑制开关,抑制调节器,禁止器,抑制因子,抑制物,抑制剂insol [=insolubility]不溶解性instance 实例,情况,引证insulate 使……绝缘, 隔离; [计算机]绝缘integral 积分,整个,整的,整合的,积分的,整数的,完全的,整体的,积分的integrate 集成,积分,结合,集合interact 相互作用,干扰intermolecular 分子间的interpret 解释, 演出, 翻译; [计算机]解释interpretation 解释,译码,翻译,(图像)判读intimate 直接的,接近的,详细的亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的;intractable 顽固的,难治的听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的introductory 介绍的, 引导的, 开端的inversion 转化(蔗糖),倒位(遗传),倒置,逆变,转化,内翻,性欲倒错invert 倒置,转化,性倒错者,同性恋者iodine 碘, 碘酒iodoform 三碘甲烷, 碘仿ionic 离子的irradiate 照射irrigate 灌溉, 冲洗伤口, 使……潮湿isomer (同分)异构体,同质异能素jack 起重器,千斤顶,弹簧开关,插孔,塞孔,插座,插口,塞孔,插口,插座judicious 明智的,慎重的ketene 烯酮类,乙烯酮乙烯酮; 烯酮keto [化]酮类的ketone 酮,甲酮lacrimation 流泪,催泪作用lassitude 倦怠,厌倦疲倦, 疲乏, 无精神latex 胶乳,橡胶lay up 贮藏; 卧病不起legitimate 合法的, 正当的, 婚生的;lemon 柠檬,柠檬黄,枸橼,柠檬色lessen 变少,减少,减轻leukemia 非白血性白血病levorotatory 左旋(性)的,左旋的liberate 解放, 释放, 使……自由ligroin 轻石油likelihood 可能性,似然liquefy 液化,熔解literature 文学,著作,文献lithium 锂litmus 石蕊,石蕊素localize 局部化,集中luminous 发光的, 明亮的manganate 锰酸盐manifold 许多的,多样的,歧管,多支管,复合管manipulation 操作,处理,操作法,推拿,手法,操作,控制manometer 测压计,气压计mantle 斗篷, 覆盖物, 罩子;罩住, 覆盖, 脸红melt 融解,熔化,熔化物,软化,熔体mercapto 疏基mercury 汞,水银merit 优点,长处,功绩mesh 筛目,筛眼,筛孔,网眼,网状(物),网孔,网meso 正中,中间,内消旋,中位meta 间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次metallic 象金属的,金属(音)的methane 甲烷,沼气methanol 甲醇methoxy 甲氧(基)methyl 甲基methylene 甲叉,亚甲基,甲撑micro (希)小,细,微milligram 毫克milliliter 毫升mineral 矿物,矿石,无机物,矿物的minute 分,片刻,瞬间,微小的,精细的,微(小)体(突变型),精密的,微细的,(染色体)小片,分(钟) miscible 可混合的,可溶混的,能溶和的,易混合的modificatin 变体,变形,变更moisten 湿润moment 矩,动差,时刻,瞬间,力矩,片刻,力矩mortar 乳钵,研钵,臼,灰浆,砌泥,胶泥mydriasis 瞳孔放大,瞳孔散大naphthol 萘酚naphthyl 萘基narcosis 麻醉nausea 恶心needle 针,针状物,指针,注射针头,针叶nephrotoxicity 肾毒性neuropsychiatry 神经精神病学nicotinic [化]烟碱的; 烟碱酸的nipple 乳头,螺纹接套,(螺丝)管接头,短接管,喷嘴,橡皮奶头,奶头罩,橡皮头nitric 氮的, 含氮的, 硝石的氮的,高价氮的nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸酯nitro 硝基,硝化甘油,硝化甲烷nomograph 列线图,算图,诺模图,列线图解nonane 壬烷nonferrous 不含铁的; 非铁的notorious 声名狼藉的, 恶名昭张的, 众人皆知的noxious 有害的,有毒的nucleophile 亲核基团,亲核试剂nucleophilic 亲核的; 亲质子的nuisance 滋扰物,恶感物,公害,损害numbness 麻木, 麻痹, 冻僵observance 遵守, 仪式, 惯例observe 观察, 遵守, 注意到obstruct 阻隔, 妨碍, 阻塞occlusion 闭合,闭塞,阻塞,牙合,咬合,牙合(面),咬合(面)octane (正)辛烷odor 气味,名誉,声誉optical 光学的,视力的,眼的,视觉的,旋光的ortho 正,原,邻,邻位,直的,正的,正常的outlet 出口,出路,通风口,通风孔,输出口,排出口(气、水等的),引出线,引出端,销路oxazole 噁唑,1,3-氧氮杂环戊烷oxidation 氧化(作用)oxide 氧化物oxidize 氧化oxime 肟oxychloride 氯氧化物paper clip 纸夹回形针paraparaffin 石蜡油,石蜡,石腊paramount 至上的,首要的paresthesia 感觉异常pass over 忽略; 死亡patent 开放的,未闭的,专利,首创pellet 片状沉淀物,片剂,丸,小丸,小糖丸,片,小片,弹丸剂pentachloride 五氯化物pentaerythritol 季戊四醇pentane 戊烷pentoxide 五氧化物pentyl ①戊基,②(pentobarbital sodium)戊巴比妥钠percutaneous 经皮的peroxide 过氧化物,超氧化物perpendicular 垂线,垂直,正交,垂直的,正交的pertain 属于,关于pertinent 相关的, 中肯的, 切题的pestle 研棒,缽杵,研杵,杵,乳棒petri dish 陪替培养皿,培养皿(微)petroleum ether 石油醚phenol 苯酚,石炭酸,酚,纯苯,安息油phenyl 苯基phosphine 磷化氢, 三氢化磷phosphorous 磷的,亚磷(的),含磷的phosphorus 磷pigment 色素, 颜料;pipet 吸量管,移液管pneumonia 肺炎pneumonitis 肺炎polarity 有两极, 磁性引力, 极性polarizability 偏振性,极化性,极化率,极化度,分极率polygon 多边形图,多边形polyphenol 多酚porcelain 瓷,瓷料,瓷器portion 段,部,部分,一份potassium 钾precaution 预警,预防,预防措施precede 位于…之前,在…这前进行precipitate 沉淀物,制备的,精制的,使沉淀preference 偏爱,优先,选择premature 早产儿,早熟的,过早的prescribe 开药方,开处方,建议primary 初级的,原发的,基本的,主要的,初期的prior to 先前的,在前,居先的priority 在先,在前,优先,优先项目,优先权prochiral 前不对称体的,前手性的propagation 繁殖,传播propane 丙烷propenyl 丙烯基propyl 丙烷基, 丙基protocol 诊断记录,记录,实验设计,备忘录,议定书,草案,试验计划书,会议记录,礼仪协议proton 质子protonate 质子化provided 假如,以…为条件prudent 谨慎的pungent 刺激性的,辣的purple 视紫质,紫色的,紫红pyran ①吡喃,②(pyran copolymer)吡喃复聚物,③(pyrazinamide)吡嗪酰胺[抗结核药] pyrex 派热克斯,耐热玻璃,硼硅酸玻璃pyridine 吡啶,氮(杂)苯pyrimidine 嘧啶,间二氮苯pyrrole 吡咯,氮茂quaternary 第四的,四元的,四价的,季的quench 淬火,淬炼,熄灭,聚冷quinoline 氮(杂)萘,喹啉quinone ①苯醌,②醌racemic (外)消旋的(化学),(外)消旋的,消旋体,总状花序的racemization （外)消旋作用radical 根,基,原子团,根本的rayon 人造丝,人造纤维,一种雷达干扰发射机reactivity 反应性readily 不迟疑地, 轻易地;迅速地; 容易地reagent 试剂,反应物rearrangement (基因)重排,重(新)排(列),重新布置recipe 食谱, 处方, 秘诀recommend 推荐, 介绍, 托付reductive 减少的, 还原的refraction 折光, 折射refractive 折射的,折光的,屈折的reliable 可靠的, 可信赖的render 报答, 提出, 致使repeat (基因)重复,反复,重现,复制,重复,背诵repetition 重复,反复,重现,复制品,副本,再发representative 代表的,典型的,代替,(有)代表性(的) reproduce 再生产,再现,复制repulsive 逐退的, 辞退的, 冷淡的; 可憎的, 讨厌的resonance 共振(现象),谐振,共鸣,回声,反响,中介现象resorcinol 间苯二酚,雷锁辛reversibility 可反转性,可逆性,可回溯性rinse 冲洗,漂(洗),冲洗剂,漱rod 竿, 笞鞭, 小枝rotatory 旋转的,转动的salicylate 水杨酸盐,水杨酸脂,水杨酸酯salicylic 水杨酰的,水杨酸基的sandal 凉鞋,便鞋,檀香[木]saponification 皂化(作用)scribble 潦草的写法, 潦草写成的东西, 杂文; secondary 第二的,第二位的,中级的,次级的,仲的,续发的shake 摇动, 震动;shatter 粉碎,打碎,破坏significant 显著的,有效的,有意义的,重要的silica 硅酸酐,二氧化硅silicone 硅酮,(聚)硅酮simmer 徐沸,慢沸,缓缦沸腾slacken 放松使松弛, 变弱slurry 膏剂,淤浆,泥浆,煤泥,粘合液,粘结剂,填充材料smother 使……喘不过气, 使……窒息snug 舒适的, 合身的;sodium 钠soln [=solution]凝固,固化solubility (可)溶性,可溶性,溶解度,溶解性solute 溶质spatter 飞沫,雾沫溅spatula 铲,药刀,软膏刀,匙形物,压舌板,刮铲,刮勺,匙突specify 叙述, 指定, 说明; 规定,指定,详细说明spectrum (复spectra)光谱,光系,波谱spherical 球的,球体的,球状的,球形的,球面的,天体的spill 流(血),倒(水),溢出,流出spillage 泄漏,泄漏量,溢出,溢出物spin 纺织, 旋转, 拉长spin 自旋,旋转,自转spinach 菠菜spinning 旋压纺织spirit 通过蒸馏得到的或易挥发的液体中的任何一种,如酒精,醑剂精神, 心灵, 人格; spiro 呼吸,螺旋stagger 蹒跚,犹豫,狐疑stereochemistry 立体化学steroid 甾(类),甾族(化合物),类固醇stick 粘住,棍棒,手杖,杆,棒,条,卡住,操纵杆,插于, 刺入, 竖起stiff 坚硬的, 严厉的, 呆板的still 蒸馏釜,蒸馏器静止的, 不动的, 静寂的仍然, 更, 静止地; 然而, 但是stillhead 蒸馏头stillpot 蒸馏釜,蒸馏锅stock 原种,砧木,贮存,储藏,原料,材料,株,家系,血统,家畜,种族,树干,茎梗,台,座,架,柄, stoichiometry 化学计量学,化学量论stopper 停影剂,塞子,塞(头),制动器,充填器,阀,阻塞物,塞住,制止strain 劳损,滤过,肌牵张过度,运动过度,株,系,过劳,肌用力过度,特种,品系,菌株,菌种,扭伤, stubborn 顽固的stupor 无感觉, 人事不省, 麻痹styrene 苯乙烯,苏合香烯subdivision 再分,细分,分部,小类sublimation 升华(作用),提高,纯化subsequent 后来的,继后的,后的substitution 取代,置换,代替,替换substrate 酶作用物,底物,基质,基层,附着层,基底物质,酶解物subtract 减去,扣除succession 演变,顺序性,连续性,继承性,系列,序列,系统,生长顺序,次序,演替,世系,连续suction 抽吸,吸取,吸力,吸引,吸出,进气,吸气,吸水管,吸,吸出suffice 满足……的需要,充分,足够sulfanilic 对氨基苯磺酸,磺胺酸sulfate 硫酸盐,硫酸酯,硫酸根(部分)sulfide 硫化物sulfonic 磺基的酸性硫酸基的sulfur 硫磺sulfuric 硫磺的; 含多量硫磺的sulfurous 硫磺的; 含有硫磺的supernatant 浮于上层的,浮于表层的,上层清液,上清液,上浮物,浮在表层的swirl 漩涡, 涡状形;symmetric 相称性的; 均衡的symmetrical 对称的,匀称的synergistic 协同的,协同作用的synopsis 概要,提要,说明书,梗概tabular 列表的,表格式的,平片状的,板状的taper 逐渐变细,逐渐减少,逐渐减弱,锥形,锥体,锥度,拔销,微光,渐尖的tarry 焦油状的,涂焦油的,煤胶物质的tautomer 互变异构体tautomerism 互变异构(现象)teflon [=tetrafluoro-ethylene resin]聚四氟乙烯树脂tentative 试验性质的,假定的,试验,推测,暂时的,试验的term 术语, 名词, 期限;termination 终止,结局,结束,终点ternary 三元的,三进制的tertiary 第三的,第三期的,特的,叔的(化学)tetrachloride 四氯化物thaw 溶化,融化,解冻thermocouple 热电偶,温差电偶thermodynamics 热力学thermometer 摄氏(celsius)温标,摄氏(celsius)温度计,温度计,体温表thiamine 硫胺素,维生素b1,硫胺(素),抗神经炎维生素thiazole 噻唑,1,3-硫氮杂茂thiophene 噻吩,硫(杂)茂[抗菌药]thiourea 硫脲,硫尿素threo 苏-,异边-tilt 倾斜,斜置tingtingle 有刺痛感,兴奋,激动tiny 很小的titrate 滴定,被滴定液,逐步滴加,逐步增高剂量,边增加边观察titration 滴定,滴定法toluene 甲苯toluene 甲苯(染料或火药的原料)tong 夹子torque 转矩,力矩,转力矩,扭(力)矩,扭转,偏振光面上的旋转效应transcript 转录物,转录本transition 跃迁,过渡,转变,临界trap 设圈套, 设陷阱, 自陷, 中断, 捕捉trial and error 试验与误差,反复试验tripod 三脚架,三脚台,三脚支撑物trough 谷,沟,槽tubing 管,管道,输液管,油管turbidity 浊度,混浊度混浊, 混乱turning 屑twist 扭,拧,绞,绞合,扭曲,弯曲,绞合器,捻转器,扭转uncrack 未裂开的, 无裂缝的undecane 十一烷undetected 未被发现的undue 不相称的,不适当的,过度的uniform 同样的,均匀的,一致的urea 尿素,氧化淀粉,脲,碳酰胺urination 排尿valence (原子)价,(化合)价,效价ventricular 室的,心室的,腹的,胃的verify .证实,验证versus 对……,与……比较vial 玻璃罐; 药水瓶;vicinal 邻位的,连位的,附近的vicinity 附近,邻近vigorous 强健的,有力的,旺盛的vinegar 醋,醋剂vinyl 乙烯基,乙烯树脂viscous 粘的, 有粘性的, 粘性的volumertric 体积计, 容积计waft 信号旗; 用信号旗打信号watch glass 表玻璃,表面玻璃watchword 口令, 标语, 口号with respect to 关于,就……而论withdraw 撤回, 取回, 撤退wobble 摆动, 动摇, 不稳定;wool 羊毛,绒棉,绒毛,棉花xanthophyll 叶黄素,叶黄质,叶黄二醇,胡萝卜醇yellowish 淡黄色的,浅黄色的yne 炔。
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有机化学中英文名词归纳整理第1章绪论蛛网式cobweb formula缩写式condensed formula键线式bond-line formula共价键covalent bond八隅律octet rule杂化轨道hybrid orbital偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interaction官能团functional group反应机制mechanism自由基free radical共振理论resonance theory共振杂化体resonance hybrid第2章立体化学手性chirality对映体enantiomer手性分子chiral molecule对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom对称面symmetric plane对称中心symmetric center费歇尔投影式Fischer projection偏振光polarized light旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation外消旋体racemate非对映异构体diastereoisomer差向异构体epimer内消旋化合物meso-tartaric acid构型configuration第3章结构测定吸收光谱absorption spectra紫外光谱ultraviolet spectra红外光谱infrared spectra伸缩振动stretching vibration弯曲振动bending vibration核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance屏蔽效应shielding effect去屏蔽效应deshielding effect信号裂分signal splitting自旋-自旋偶合spin-spin coupling偶合常数coupling constant质谱mass spectroscopy分子离子molecular ion碎片离子fragment ion同位素峰isotope peak第4章烷烃和环烷烃甲烷methane 乙烷ethane 丙烷propane 丁烷butane 戊烷pentane 己烷hexane 庚烷heptane 辛烷octane 壬烷nonane 癸烷decane 正n- 异iso- 新neo-methylMe甲基ethylEt乙基n-propyln-Pr(正)丙基isopropyl iso-Pr异丙基n-butyln-Bu(正)丁基sec-butylsec-Bu仲丁基iso-butyliso-Bu异丁基tert-butylt-Bu叔丁基构象conformation构象异构体conformational isomer沸点boiling point, b.p.熔点melting point ，m.p.卤代反应(halogenation)第5章烯烃和炔烃烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon加成反应addition reaction亲电加成反应electrophilic addition马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markownikov” rule碳正离子Carbenium ion催化加氢Catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应polymeric reaction聚合物polymer单体monomer共轭二烯烃conjugated diene共轭效应Conjugate effect共轭加成conjugated addition第6章芳香烃苯及其同系物芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbons芳香族化合物aromatic compound苯benzene亲电取代electrophilic substitution卤代反应Halogenation reaction硝化反应nitration磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation氯苯chlorobenzene溴苯bromobenzene苯磺酸benzene sulfonic acid傅-克反应Friedel-Crafts alkylation稠环芳香烃萘naphthalene蒽anthracene菲phenanthrene休克尔规则Huckel rule第7章卤代烃卤代烷haloalkane亲核试剂nucleophilic reagent过渡态transition state乙烯基卤代烃vinyl halohydrocarbon 烯丙基卤代烃allyl halohydrocarbon 苄基卤代烃benzyl halohydrocarbon 卤代烃halohydrocarbon亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitution 消除反应elimination第8章醇硫醇酚醇alcohol硫醇thiol或mercaptan苯酚phenol萘酚naphthol二硫化物disulfide甲基亚砜dimethyl sulfoxide，DMSO 氧化反应oxidation还原反应reduction烯醇enol：第9章醚醚ether概念：鍚盐oxonium salt过氧化物peroxide环醚cyclic ether开环反应ring open reaction冠醚crown ether名称：四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran第10章醛和酮醛aldehyde酮ketone概念：羰基carbonyl group醇醛缩合aldol condensation互变异构现象tautomerism碘仿反应iodoform reaction福尔马林formalin酮体ketone body醌quinone名称：甲醛formaldehyde氰醇cyanohydrin半缩醛hemiacetal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal水合氯醛chloral hydrate水合茚三酮ninhydrin2，4-二硝基苯胼2，4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 烯醇enol酮式keto form烯醇式enol formTollens试剂Tollens reagentFehling试剂Fehling reagent第11章羧酸和取代羧酸一、羧酸羧酸carboxylic acid取代羧酸substituted carboxylic acid邻位效应ortho-effect羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivative酰卤acyl halide或acid halide酯ester酯化反应esterification脱羧反应decarboxylation二、取代羧酸卤代羧酸halogeno acid羟基酸hydroxy acid氨基酸amino acid第12章羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物derivatives of carboxylic acid羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction 水解反应hydrolysis醇解反应alcohoysis氨解反应ammonolysis酰化反应acylating reaction酰化剂acylating agent碳酸衍生物derivatives carbonic acid尿素urea丙二酰脲malonyl urea胍guanidine巴比妥barital巴比妥酸barbituric acid罂粟碱papaverine20.海洛因heroin第13章胺和生物碱amine胺胆碱choline乙酰胆碱acetylcholine生物碱：一般指生物体内的一类含氮有机化合物重氮diazo偶氮环合物azo-compound重氮盐diazo salt重氮酸盐diazoate偶联反应coupling reaction重氮化合物盐酸普鲁卡因procaine hydrochloride苯磺酰氯benzenesulfonyl choride甲苯磺酰氯tosyl chloride兴斯堡实验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization偶氮染料azo dyes酸性橙Iacid orange I甲基橙methyl orange生物碱alkaloid麻黄碱ephedrine阿托品atropine阿片opium吗啡morphine可待因codeine第14章杂环化合物呋喃furan噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole噻唑thiazole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole吡啶pyridine吡喃pyran嘧啶pyrimidine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline嘌呤purine第15章脂类油脂油脂lipid=三酰甘油triacylglycerol=甘油三酯triglyceride油oil脂肪fat脂肪酸fatty acid皂化反应saponification：油脂在碱性溶液中的水解又称皂化反应皂化值saponification number：g油脂完全皂化时所需氢氧化钾的毫克数碘值iodine number：00g油脂所能吸收的碘的克数酸败rancidity：油脂在空气中放置过久，会发生变质，产生难闻的气味，这种现象称为酸败酸值acid number：中和g油脂中的游离脂肪酸所需氢氧化钾的毫克数磷脂phospholipid甘油磷脂glycerophosphatide卵磷脂lecithin脑磷脂cephalin胆碱choline乙醇胺ethanolamine鞘磷脂sphingomyelin鞘氨醇sphingosine神经酰胺ceramide甾族化合物steroid甾醇sterol第16章糖类糖saccharide概念：单糖monosaccharide：不能在被水解成更小分子的糖，如葡萄糖、果糖、核糖。
双糖disaccharide：水解后产生两分子单糖者，如蔗糖、麦芽糖。
寡糖oligosaccharide：水解后产生三个到十个单糖者。
多糖polysaccharide：完全水解后产生十个以上单糖者。
变旋光现象mutarotation：比旋光度发生变化的现象。
端基异构体anomer：仅仅端基不同的异构体。
糖苷glycoside：单糖的半缩醛羟基与含羟基的化合物作用，可脱去一份子水，生成糖苷。
差向异构体epimer：只有相对应的一个手性碳的构型相反的多手性碳的异构体。
名称：碳水化合物carbohydrate甘油醛glyceraldehyde核糖ribose阿洛糖allose葡萄糖glucose甘露糖mannose半乳糖galactose果糖Fructose吡喃糖pyranose呋喃糖furanose去氧核糖Deoxyribose麦芽糖maltose纤维二糖cellobiose乳糖lactose蔗糖sucrose淀粉starch糖原glycogen纤维素cellulose环糊精cyclodextrin第17章氨基酸！标紫色的为人体营养必需氨基酸，标*的为重点记忆氨基酸等电点：当调节某一种氨基酸溶液的pH值为一定值，使该种氨基酸解离成阳离子和印离子的趋势及程度相等，即刚好以偶极离子形式存在，此溶液的pH值称为该氨基酸的等电点。