2009年12月大学英语四级考试全真模拟试题

护理新进展作业
1.静脉炎与下列哪项危险因素无关? D
A.液体和药物的渗透压
B. 液体和药物的pH值
C.液体中微粒
D. 液体和药物的量
2.静脉炎的级别是判断静脉炎严重程度的有效标准，如果发生疼痛、红、红肿、穿刺点上方沿静脉走向见红色条纹，应是：B
A. 1+
B. 2+
C. 3+
D. 4+
3. 静脉输液导管堵塞的预防，下列哪项有误？A
A. 多种药物输注/推注ASASHS
B. 输液泵报警装置的应用
C. 掌握药物配伍禁忌
D.严格遵守冲封管原则
4.静脉栓塞的原因与下列哪项无关？C
A. 穿刺时创伤大
B. 高凝状态
C. 液体的pH值
D. 导管异位
5.70岁以上血糖的控制，下列哪项有误？D
A. 空腹( 7mmol/L
B. 餐后(10mmol/L
C. 糖化血红蛋白(6.5%
D. 血压：(140/90mmHg
6.糖尿病的饮食要点，下列哪项有误？C
A. 没有绝对不能吃的饮食
B. 糖尿病饮食是健康饮食
C. 老南瓜能降血糖
D. 不能以食物甜度来判定可不可吃
7.胰岛素的注射部位，一般来说最佳部位是：B
A. 三角肌外侧
B. 腹部
C. 两大腿外侧
D. 臀部皮下脂肪
8.胰岛素在血管内的半衰期是：D
A. 1-2分钟
B. 2-3分钟
C. 2-3分钟
D. 3-5分钟
9.糖尿病与骨质疏松，下列哪项说法有误？B
A. 血糖升高，糖基化产物增多而成骨减弱，溶骨增加
B. 糖尿病使骨的营养下降，使成骨减弱，溶骨增加
C. 氧自由基、白介素6，肿瘤坏死因子破坏了骨质形成
D. 绝经后，雌激素分泌减少
10.运动对代谢的影响，下列哪项有误？D
A. 运动可加强肌肉细胞对能量的利用
B. 15分钟之后，人体开始利用肝糖原
C. 运动30分钟后脂肪酸成为主要的能源
D. 运动5-10分钟，肝糖原分解
11. 糖尿病运动可带来的不良后果，除下列哪项以外？D
A. 低血糖
B. 促发心血管疾病
C. 蛋白尿加重
D. 心血管对活动的反应性增高
12.血糖高于多少，不要运动。

C
A. 12mmol/L
B. 13mmol/L
C. 14mmol/L
D. 15mmol/L
13.如何选择适宜的造口产品，可除外哪个因素的考虑？ C
A. 低过敏性
B. 安全不脱落，不渗漏
C. 不需操作和清理
D. 隐秘性高，外出携带方便
14. 升结肠和横结肠造口选择造口用具是B
A. 密闭式造口袋
B. 用开口式造口袋
C. 迷你型造口袋
D. 开口式含有抗反流装置
15.下列哪项不是造口皮肤粘膜分离并发症的原因？D
A. 肠造口周围皮下组织切除过多残留空腔
B. 皮下积液、皮下感染
C. 腹壁张力过大
D.腹壁开口太小或缝合过紧
16.造口狭窄并发症之原因除下列哪项以外？D
A. 早期常继发于造口缺血、坏死
B. 回缩及造口粘膜皮肤分离
C. 晚期发生于克罗恩病
D. 造口扩张
17. 造口回缩的病因除下列哪项以外？C
A. 造口缺血坏死
B. 肥胖、肠系膜过短
C. 袢式造口过早拔除支撑棒太晚
D. 造口部周围瘢痕组织增生
18.造口疝并发症的处理，下列哪项不妥？A
A. 避免压迫造口，选用襻式造口袋
B. 必要时停止灌洗
C. 手术治疗
D. 加用腹带
19.升结肠造口选择造口用具是：A
A. 开口式造口袋
B. 密闭式造口袋
C. 造口栓
D. 迷你型造口袋
20.下列哪项不是回肠造口指征：C
A. 克隆氏病
B. 溃疡性结肠炎
C. 憩室病
D. 家族性息肉病
21. 根据某人的一种特征去推断其具有的其他特征，是哪一种知觉偏差？C
A. 首因效应
B. 刻板效应
C. 晕轮效应
D. 近因效应
22. 对某人或某社会群体所形成的固定而概括的看法，是哪一种知觉偏差？B
A. 首因效应
B. 刻板效应
C. 晕轮效应
D. 近因效应
23. 红花绿叶相扶持是构成人际吸引的哪一种因素？B
A. 接近因素
B. 互补因素
C. 相似因素
D. 对等因素
24. 貌似无形却有形是构成人际吸引的哪一种因素？A
A. 诱发因素
B. 强迫因素
C. 才能因素
D. 仪表因素
25.倾听应注意的事项下列哪项说法有误？D
A. 和说话者的眼神保持接触
B. 提醒自己不可分心，必须专心一致
C. 回答或开口说话时，先停顿一下
D. 凭自己的感觉选择听，必须接收全部信息
26.倾听技巧不包括下例哪项？D
A. 重复
B.澄清
C. 阐释
D.触摸
27.人人都要关怀之特性，下列哪项有误？D
A. 愿意花时间聆听对方的心声，接触对方
B. 关怀是宇宙内所有的生命都是相互连结
C. 直接感受到生命交互接触的超卓力量
D. 只有了解自己的弱点和缺点后，才会较容易对别人的弱点产生同情心和同理心
28.关爱的表达需有三个前提，除下列哪项以外？B
A. 充裕的时间
B.经验的分享
C. 对人的尊重
D. 有心去从事照顾
29.以下是护士如何做好关怀照护的要点，但除哪项以外？A
A.合群、享受与人相处，珍惜与人相处的片刻
B.适时满足病人身体舒适与安全的需求
C.适时提供病人心理的慰籍与支持
D.奉献自我
30.英国的护理经济管理主要关注是以下三项，除哪项以外：C
A. 护理成本
B. 市场需求
C. 护理培训开支
D. 护理相关政策
31.WHO 手术检查单的第一部分是在对病人实施麻醉前检查，检查内容除下列哪项以外？D
A. 检查病人姓名，核实身份、手术部位
B. 核对手术部位，检查手术部位标记
C. 完成的麻醉安全检查，放置血压、脉搏血氧仪
D. 检查手术器械是否齐全
32.在重大灾害中，传播性疾病爆发，其原因除下列哪项以外？D
A. 灾害改变了疾病传播媒介，带菌者增加
B. 下水道及排水管系统受损
C. 正常的防止传播性疾病的卫生服务系统受损
D. 食物及物资供应受损
33. 灾害中的护士角色，除下列哪项以外？D
A. 鉴别灾情的严重程度
B. 确定受影响人群的健康需求
C. 确定人群现存的和潜在的健康问题
D. 传达救灾指挥部统一指挥和命令
34. 灾后伤员的处理，下列哪项有误？C
A. 对伤情和伤员进行全面评估
B. 伤员的病史
C. 对其他伤员和伤情、病情进行评估，对暂时没有症状者不做评估
D. 评估伤员的伤情是否危及生命
35.根据灾害活动周期确立灾害护理教育内容，当灾害发生时以哪个内容为主：A
A.救灾技能
B. 健康管理
C.健康教育
D. 护理相关政策
36. 当灾害发生时护理教育内容，下列哪项有误？B
A.如何寻找伤员，使伤员脱离险境
B.如何对伤员的伤情作出正确和快速的判断和分类
C.如何对危重伤员实施现场急救
D.如何进行伤员的快速转运
37. JCI 标准的核心是：B
A.感染控制
B.安全
C.工作人员配备和资格
D.药物使用及给药错误的预防
38. 目前评价整个医院的高风险流程有三个系统追踪法，除下列哪项以外？D
A.数据利用
B.感染控制
C.药品管理
D.回顾出院病历
39. 对一个制度或操作程序从以几方面进行评价，下列哪项有误？A
A. 是否向所有工作人员提供该制度或程序
B. 是否举办与此制度或程序有关的特殊技能或知识培训
C. 是否按照制度或程序的要求作相应记录
D. 观察工作人员的行为/工作流程是否符合现有的制度或程序
40. JCI医院评审标准理念，下列哪项有误？B
A.是医院JCI评审的基础
B.是建立在质量管理和对检查结果的总体分析这一根本理念基础上
C. 包括一整套标准，对每一标准的解释和用以评价标准的可测量要素。

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2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题4

2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题4 LISTENING COMPREHENSION1. A) He must read a lot of books.B) He doesn't like history.C) He can't get the books he needs.D) He has lost his watch.2. A) Mild. B) Warm. C) Hot. D) Cold.3. A) The light couldn't be turned off.B) The hot water was running.C) There was no hot water.D) There was no heat.4. A) Tom was unable to hear well.B) Tom didn't say anything at the meeting.C) Tom didn't listen to him.D) Tom went out before the meeting was over.5. A) In a restaurant. B) At a post office.C) In a hotel. D) At the railway station.6. A) She couldn't find where the courses were offered.B) She has already taken one.C) The courses are not well organized.D) Not all the courses are bad.7. A) ?? 15. B) ?? 150. C) ?? 60. D) ?? 30.8. A) 8:30. B) 7:30. C) 8:00. D) 9:00.9. A) Finish the novel. B) Return the novel.C) Lend the novel D) Read the novel.10. A) He is a secretary. B) He is a newspaperman.C) He is a novelist. D) He is a businessman.Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) He wasn't satisfied with its size.B) He wasn't satisfied with its power.C) There were no units for measuring power.D) There were few people who liked this engine.12. A) Lifting a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one hour.B) Work a horse could do in one hour.C) Lifting a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in 10 minutes.D) Work a horse could do in one minute.13. A) Watt's EngineB) The Beginning of HorsepowerC) Units of MeasureD) How to Measure an EnginePassage 2Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) He doesn't think flying is fun.B) He feels he is a bus driver.C) He is responsible for the plane and the passengers.D) He is governed by instruments and regulations.15. A) He enjoyed more freedom.B) Flying was entirely different then.C) He had no responsibility at all.D) He relied on his experience only.16. A) By looking at the roof of every house.B) By calling a station for information.C) By landing immediately.D) By following a railway line.Passage 3Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Because she did not speak, except when it was necessary.B) Because she could always find people who were able to help her.C) Because she had a guide who could speak English well.D) Because she had always had a pencil and some paper with her.18. A) In a restaurant in an Italian city.B) At a market in the south of Italy.C) In a restaurant in an Italian village.D) At a market in the north of Italy.19. A) She had difficulty explaining where she had seen mushrooms.B) She had difficulty giving her order for food.C) Her trouble was that the waiter was a foreigner too.D) Her trouble was that the waiter was impatient.20. A) Because he thought she had drawn one.B) Because she mispronounced the word.C) Because it started to rain.D) Because it was what she had seen at the market.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE21. _______ four years since John left school.A) It was B) It isC) They have been D) Those are22. The doctors have tried _______ to save his life, but failed.A) everything humanly possibleB) humanly everything possibleC) humanly possible everythingD) everything possible humanly23. By 1922, for example, Australia had _______ than it had people.A) fifteen times more of sheep B) fifteen times sheep moreC) fifteen more times of sheep D) fifteen times more sheep24. Laser beams can carry long-signals _______ somewhat similar to radiowaves.A) in directions B) by means ofC) in ways D) according to25. Shaking hands is a _______ way of greeting.A) conventional B) conditionalC) original D) conversational26. I hope their plan will work, but they themselves are very __________ that it will.A) confident B) concerned C) doubtful D) suspicious27. Tom's father wants to send him to medical school _______ .A) to make him become a doctor B) for making him a doctorC) to make a doctor from him D) to make a doctor of him28. _______ , he never helps the poor.A) As he is rich B) Even he is richC) Rich as he is D) Rich even though he is29. She didn't come to the party though she _______ us she would.A) agreed B) accepted C) offered D) promised30. What you should say in your speech is entirely _______ you.A) up to B) due toC) owing to D) according to31. His casual explanation made the problem _______.A. to be even more complicatingB. even more complicatedC. being even more complicatedD. be even more complicated32. _______, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.A) With all writers in EnglishB) For all writers in EnglishC) Unlike all the writers in EnglishD) Of all writers in English33. I'd just as soon _______ these important documents with you.A) that you won't take B) your not takingC) you didn't take D) you not take34. I have finished typing all _______ the last page.A) until B) to C) but D) for35. Mary, leave the windows open, __________?A) do you B) will youC) wouldn't you D) don't you36. There is no _______ in going to school if you're not willing to learn.A) reason B) aim C) point D) purpose37. We have a great need for energy because of our _______ life-style.A) fastly-paced B) fastly-pacingC) fast-paced D) fast-pacing38. I don't _______ that as a serious mistake.A) recommend B) regardC) remember D) think39. The day will come_______ coal and oil will be used as raw materials rather than fuels.A) as B) while C) when D) whether40. These trees cannot be grown in such a cold _______ as ours.A) weather B) season C) space D) climate41. I lost too much money betting at the horse race last time, so you won't_______ me to go again.A) convince B) impress C) persuade D) hope42. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ______ over his business to his son.A) take B) hand C) think D) get43. _______ you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?A) For B) Since C) Because D) Even if44. I can complete the job on time _______ he will help me.A) whether B) if C) when D) though45. There was a suggestion that the ordinary citizen _______ authorityto arrest wrong-doers.A) giving B) be given C) be giving D) given46. She regrets _______ idle when young.A) to have been B) her beingC) her having been D) having been47. Don't you think it is time you _______ smoking?A) give up B) would give upC) gave up D) must give up48. The theory of continental drift can _______ the occurrence of earthquakes.A) interpret B) expressC) account for D) make clear49. ______ people attended the meeting last night.A) Hundreds of B) Hundred ofC) A hundred of D) Hundred and hundred of50. Don't bother me. Do what you _______. I don't care.A) will B) will likeC) would D) would likeCLOZEAmerican teenagers have alwaysworked for extra pocket money. Morethan their predecessors, today'sadolescents are __51__ to work long 51. A) about B) fondhours during the week for hundreds of C) likely D) possibledollars each month. They spend themoney __52__ themselves rather than 52. A) by B) onC) in D) for__53__ it to their families. In a 1987 53. A) contributing B) contributeC) paying D) pay__54__ of 16,000 high school seniors 54. A) view B) inspectionC) observation D) surveynationwide, it was __55__ that eighty 55. A) suggested B) foundpercent of students who work spend C) recommended D) advisedtheir earnings on their own needs,__56__ clothing, stereo equipment, 56. A) for example B) such asC) that is to sayD) in other wordsrecords and __57__. __58__ five 57. A) going to the movieB) going to moviesC) movies D) the moviepercent said they contributed most 58. A) Other B) Onlyof their income, which often exceeded C) Additional D) Further??200 a month, to help pay familyliving __59__ . 59. A) expenses B) moneyThe benefits of this work-and- C) values D) chargesspend ethic are being __60__ debated. 60. A) furiously B) heatedlyC) thoroughly D) entirely__61__ experts, and many parents, 61. A) No B) AllC) Any D) Some__62__ that year-round part-time 62. A) insist B) demandemployment increases youngsters' sense C) suggest D) requireof worth, teaches them financial__63__ 63. A) accounts B) abilityC) responsibility D) well-beingand reduces tension -- and thus __64__ 64. A) crash B) conflict-- within the family. C) battle D) struggleOthers, __65__, argue that working 65. A) furthermore B) thereforeteenagers are inappropriately separat- C) however D) besidesed, physically and financially, __66__ 66. A) in B) withC) from D) bytheir families, which __67__ parental 67. A) weakens B) losesauthority. C) reduces D) destroysTeenagers' schoolwork can also__68__. "When youngsters work for 68. A) be suffered B) sufferC) be suffered fromD) suffer fromluxuries, they are buying __69__ 69. A) destruction B) separationfrom education," said a program C) affection D) distractiondirector for the U.S. Department ofEducation. Working teenagers them-selves say they have __70__ time to 70. A) more B) lessspend with friends and family. C) reduced D) sufficientREADING COMPREHENSIONQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:It was very late before Guglielmo followed his brother up to bed, foran extraordinary idea had come to him. If a spark could cause ether wavesto travel to another machine across a room and make that machine spark,why couldn't a bigger spark make waves travel a longer distance and causeanother spark, say, a mile away? And, by using long and short sparks, whycouldn't this beused to send messages by Morse Code? Indeed, why shouldn'tmessages be sent this way over great distances, using the ether instead ofwires?The elder man found his young brother poor company during the rest ofthat holiday, for Guglielmo was so interested in his idea that he couldnot take his thoughts off it.At last they arrived home at their father's mansion outside Bjologna,and young Marconi hurried to his laboratory to start his experiments.Assisted by his brother Alfonso, who, although nine years his senior, was not ashamed to work under this brilliant young scientist, he struggled formonths testing his idea. At last, to their joy, they got the instrument atthe other end of the room to give its answering spark.Marconi now decided to show his father that there really was somethingin this idea of his, for Signor Marconi, who had made a large fortune inbusiness, had not a great deal of faith in his youngest son's science.At last the apparatus was ready, and Guglielmo invited his father andmother to come to the laboratory.Signor Marconi entered, his good-humoured face beaming."What is thisnew toy you have made, my boy?"he asked."Listen." the young inventor said, and he pressed a switch.Faintly, in the lower part of the big house, an electric bell rang."Well?"his father inquired."There are no wires running to that bell. Don't you see what it means.Father? Messages can be sent through space without wires to carry them."But Signor Marconi was not convinced."Let me take one of your machinesdown to the lawn. Then, if you can send me a signal, I'll believe you."he said.Marconi took him at his word. A little later he was back in the lab, hishand on the morse key. Through the window he could see his father at thereceiver. The young man's heart thumped as he tapped ?- the test signal, S,which telegraphists use. He could tell by the expression on his father'sface that the message had got through.That evening Signora Marconi talked to her husband and on the followingday Guglielmo was overjoyed to receive from his father 5,000 lire -- about??250 -- to help with his experiments.71. According to Gaglielmo _______.A) any spark could send ether waves to wherever it wantedB) ether waves could be used to operate machinesC) messages could be sent by ether instead of wiresD) bigger sparks could travel a mile and send messages72. In Guglielmo's opinion, the distance ether waves travel depends on_______.A) the force of a sparkB) the size of the roomC) the type of the machineD) the way the machine is operated73. Guglielmo was so taken up with the idea that _______.A) he decided to put an end to his holidayB) stayed up late wondering about itC) he paid little attention to anything elseD) he didn't want to stay with his brother74. His father didn't see the point of his invention till _______.A) he heard the bell ringB) he saw the apparatusC) he listened to his son's explanationD) he received the signal himself with the machine75. What is implied in the passage?A) Guglielmo was better than his brother in science.B) His father was so fascinated by his invention that he proposed to join them.C) Guglielmo discovered that a spark can make other waves travel.D) Morse Code was invented by the Marconi brothers.Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:Yellow fever is a disease of warm lands that is found mainly along theshore of the Atlantic Ocean. It was first noticed in the Americas, but maywell have come form Africa and reached the New World with or soon afterColumbus. Until about fifty years ago, yellow fever was still one of themost feared diseases in the United States, where many died in repeated out-breaks. An outbreak which was to lead to surprising developments was onethat happened in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.As a result, an army group under Major Walter Reed was sent there inJune, 1900 with orders "to give special attention to questions concerningthe cause and prevention of yellow fever". In a daring group of experimentsusing human beings, Major Reed proved the truth of an idea advanced in 1881by a Cuban doctor, that the city type of mosquito passed on the disease.The successful result of these experiments gave birth to another andstill more important idea: kill off the city type of mosquitoes and therewill be no more yellow fever. Fortunately these mosquitoes are one of theeasiest types to destroy. They are born in pools of quiet, warm water,within a short distance to people's home.So to Havana came a General with orders from the United States Govern-ment to dry up these pools. He carried out his task so well that the mos-quitoes disappeared. With them went yellow fever, never to return to Havana.A few years later the same General successfully repeated this operation inPanama and in this way made possible the building of the Panama Canal. Itall seemed so simple. End the mosquitoes: end the disease. Man even beganto dream of getting rid of yellow fever from the world.Meanwhile one question still remained unanswered. The city type of mosquitoes carried the fever, without doubt, but how? After many experi-ments, a member of the United States Army Yellow Fever Commission decidedthat the disease must be carried by something too small to be seen. Ofhis own free will, this devoted scientist decided to allow himself to bebitten by an infected mosquito. Then, taking some of his infected blood,he injected it into three other members of the group who wanted to help.Two of the three got yellow fever -- and recovered. This showed that thedisease was carried by a virus (2???) too small to be seen through themicroscopes of the day.76. Yellow fever is found mainly around _______.A) the Atlantic Ocean B) Any warm oceanC) the Americas D) Any warm country77. The outbreak which stirred the interest of the US Army was in _______.A) Cuba B) SpainC) Panama D) the United States78. One of the reasons that yellow fever was defeated was that _______.A) some people were willing to sacrifice themselves for othersB) doctors were well trainedC) orders of the army had to be carried out at any costD) public feeling was strong against the disease79. When the doctors found that blood samples could carry the disease,they examined them with microscopes and saw _______.A) nothing B) virusC) germs D) different signs of disease80. The building of the Panama Canal was made possible by _______.A) the success of the Spanish-American WarB) the work of the United States ArmyC) the killing of mosquitoes nearbyD) development of special drugsQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage:It's never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we allneed to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think howoften you've judged roughly, said unkind things, pushed yourself ahead atthe expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicatedclearly and truly that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn't it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a smallwrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; andit stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.I remember a doctor friend, the late Clarence Lieb, telling me abouta man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia andstomach trouble. No physical cause could be found. Finally Dr. Lieb saidto the man, "Unless you tell me what's worrying you, I can't help you."After some hesitation, the man confessed that, as executor of hisfather's will (ò???), he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad,of his inheritance. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man writeto his brother asking forgiveness and enclosing a cheque as the firststep in restoring their good relation. He then went with him to the mailbox in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears."Thank you,"he said,"I think I'm cured."And he was.A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but alsomake it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology fromyou, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected,do some-thing about it right now.81. When we have done something wrong, we should_______.A) look honest and think over the fault carefullyB) escape from being disturbedC) admit the fault and express the regretD) forgive ourselves82. What will happen if we have done something wrong?A) Our logic of thinking will be disturbed.B) We shall be sad.C) We shall apologize at once.D) Our moral balance will be disturbed.83. What exactly was the patient's trouble?A) The losing of a friend.B) headaches, insomnia, and stomaches.C) Something wrong with his conscience.D) Some unknown physical weakness.84. What had the patient done to his brother?A) He had sent his brother abroad.B) He had been dishonest to his brother.C) He had given just a little share of the inheritance to his brother.D) He had been too busy to write to his brother.85. The patient was cured by_______.A) writing a letterB) crossing a chequeC) asking his brother to forgive himD) mailing a letterQuestions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage:In 1791 the French nation, in the midst of a revolution, wished to breakwith the past, especially with those aspects of it which they consideredillogical and useless. One of those was the traditional system of weightsand measures in use. Not only was the system overtly complicated, but italso varied widely from place to place.In constructing the new system, the French began by setting up a unitof distance equal to one forty-millionth part of the earth's circumference(?2?ü). Unfortunately, later measurements showed that the unit designed wasnot exactly that fraction, but they continued to use it. (Today the unit isdefined simply as the distance between two marks on a platinumiridium (2??e)bar kept in a suburb of Paris). The unit is the meter, and the system ofmeasurements based on this unit is the metric system, the system today usedby scientists the world over.The metric system is built in units of ten, Greek prefixes showingmultiples and Latin prefixes showing fractions. The Greeks had no word for anumber larger than ten thousand and the Romans had none for a number largerthan one thousand, but the system was extended by using less specific words;for instance megameter (one million meters) is derived from a Greek word thatmeans simply"large".86. The French constructed a new system of weights and measures because _______.A) their system did not conform to other nations' systemsB) they were in the midst of a revolutionC) simplifying the old system proved difficultD) they wished to break with the past87. The selection says that the traditional system of measurements in France _______.A) varied widely from place to placeB) was uselessC) was based on a complicated logicD) both A and B88. The new system was to be developed from _______.A) a single basic unitB) a worldwide standard of measurementC) an old Greek systemD) the smallest unit of traditional system89. At first the basic unit was to equal _______.A) one-millionth part of the earth's circumferenceB) the distance between two marks on a platinumiridium barC) one forty-millionth part of the earth's circumferenceD) one forty-millionth part of the earth's diameter90. When the basic unit was proved inexact, the French _______.A) reconstructed the entire systemB) changed to another systemC) redefined the meterD) returned to the traditional system of measurementsWRITINGDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composi-tion on Can Road Accident Be Avoided?#fs in three paragraphs. You are giventhe first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition shouldbe no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to writeclearly.You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.Can Road Accidents Be Avoided?There are more and more road accidents in our cities. _____________Some people say that traffic accidents can hardly be cut down._____ _______________________________________________________________________ In fact, most road accidents can be avoided.。

2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题(5)

本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题(5)LISTENING COMPREHENSION1. A) Take her to the airport. B) Take the report to a typist.C) Repair the typewriter. D) Type for a few minutes.2. A) The man will probably go to Canada for his vacation.B) The man will probably stay home for his vacation.C) The man will probably not go to Canada for his vacation.D) The man will probably wait until summer to go to Mexico.3. A) 9:10. B) 9.20. C) 8:40. D) 9:30.4. A) Stay home and do her own exercise.B) Rest and take care of herself.C) Catch up with her reading.D) Take a walk with her friends.5. A) At school. B) At the office.C) At home. D) At the telephone.6. A) In a restaurant. B) In a museum.B) At a concert. D) At a flower shop.7. A) Traveling a lot. B) Getting a lot of exercise.C) Working too hard. D) Waiting for the train.8. A) 300. B) 112. C) 150. D) 200.9. A) Doctor and patient. B) Boss and employee.C) Father and daughter. D) Teacher and student.10. A) Something happened to her car.B) The highway was too crowded.C) She did some shopping on her way to the office.D) She got up too late to catch the bus.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问Passage 1 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because the speaker was an artist.B) Because she was always hard-working.C) Because she liked the artist's paintings.D) Because the subject was important.12. A) 7:30. B) 9:00. C) 8:30. D) 9:30.13. A) She did not know how to set an alarm clock.B) She had difficulty getting up early.C) She often missed her classes.D) She did not like her brother-in-law.Passage 2Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) potatoes. B) Happiness.C) Physical attraction. D) Love.15. A) Wedding is not essential to marriage.B) Wedding is necessary for a good marriage.C) Love is not essential to marriage.D) Love is harmful to a good marriage.16. A) Cultures.B) Love and Marriage.C) Marriage--A Traditional Practice.D) Marriage and Wedding.Passage 3Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) It came from gods. B) It came from thunder.C) It was a natural phenomenon. D) It was a weapon.18. A) The first metal wires. B) The first lightning rod.C) Metal fences. D) Electricity.19. A) About one person per day dies from lightning in the U.S.B) About 365 persons per year die from lightning in the U.S.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问C) About one person per hour dies from lightning in the U.S.D) About 30 persons per month die from lightning in the U.S.20. A) At open doorways. B) Under a tree.C) On the high ground. D) In a closed car.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE21. Those are very pleasant rooms? How much do you _______ them?A) want B) ask C) demand D) ask for22. I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is______ .A) in question B) out of questionC) out of the question D) at random23. His parents no longer worry about him. He has a good job and can live_______ now.A) at his own. B) by his ownC) on his own D) with his own24. Her face _______ when she told a lie.A) gave her off B) gave her outC) gave her away D) gave her up25. John's youngest son is _______ architecture.A) making up for B) putting up forC) going in for D) standing up for26. On my present salary, I just can't _______ a car which costs over3,000.A) adapt B) adopt C) afford D) elect27. It was four hours before she _______ after the operation on her heart.A) came round B) carried throughC) got across D) restored28. The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问than _______ .A) ours B) it did for usC) that of ours D) it did from us29. _______ by an exercise of self-control _______ he allowedhimself to raise his eyes as they came in.A) It was only / that B) Only / thatC) It was only / when D) It was only / had30. A table made of steel costs more than ______ made of wood.A) that B) which C) one D) it is31. Are the students _______ about the examination?A) talking B) discussingC) saying D) telling32. It has always _______ me why you believe the Earth is flat.A) worried B) wondered C) puzzled D) confused33. Since you are to catch the early train tomorrow morning, we _______ now.A) had better to leave B) must have leftC) might as well leave D) should have to leave34. It was very cold _______ they still went swimming.A) but B) in spite thatC) however D) though35. By the end of 1908, most scientists began to accept the aeroplane______.A) a reality B) to be a realityC) as a reality D) being a reality36. By the time John reached the plateau he was _______.A) exhaustive B) exhaustibleC) exhausted D) exhausting37. The car was repaired but not quite to the owner's _______.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问A) pleasure B) satisfactionC) joy D) attraction38. Since the light is out in their room, they _______.A) may have slept B) must have gone to bedC) might go to bed D) can have gone to bed39. I could tell he was surprised from the _______ on his face.A) appearance B) shock C) sight D) expression40. I never _______ a chance of improving my English if I can help it.A) miss B) lose C) avoid D) waste41. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any _______ ofwhat I said.A) notice B) attentionC) consideration D) warning42. They don't _______ students run in the corridors.A) allow B) permit C) approve D) let43. His fear of flying was _______ he always traveled by boat.A) so that B) such as C) such that D) so far as44. The large vase in which he kept his umbrella for many years_______ to be a valuable piece of Chinese pottery.A) came round B) turned upC) turned out D) figured out45. _______ we are aware, there were no problems during the first six months.A) As far as B) Much more thanC) So much D) Except that46. Only recently _______ to realize the dangers caffeine might bring toour health.A) have scientists begun B) scientists have begunC) that scientists began D) that did scientists begin本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问47. The photo _______ happy memories of my early childhood.A) refreshes B) brings to mindC) recalls D) reminds myself48. His energetic efforts met with only _______ success.A) partial B) slight C) entire D) complete49. She was standing so close to the electric heater that her night-dress_______ fire.A) took B) caught C) set D) became50."Does your family call you very often?""Yes, my mother calls about once a week and _______."A) so my brother does B) so does my brotherC) my brother does so D) does so my brotherCLOZENew York is one of the last Ame-rican cities to have some of itspolicemen on horseback. The New Yorkpolice have 170 __51__ that they use 51. A) stations B) horsesC) policemen D) menin certain parts of the __52__. The 52. A) city B) areahorses are expensive to feed, but C) stateD) neighbourhood__53__ is even more expensive to 53. A) there B) thatC) what D) ittake care of them. __54__ the horses 54. A) When B) Ifmust walk on the streets, they need C) Although D) Becausespecial horseshoes. In __55__, they 55. A) short B) conclusionneed more than 8,000 of them each C) fact D) practiceyear. __56__ police horse in New York 56. A) One B) No本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问C) The D) Every__57__ new shoes every month. Keeping 57. A) gets B) acceptsC) wants D) makesthese shoes __58__ good repair is the 58. A) for B) withjob of six blacksmiths. There are only C) in D) byabout thirty-five of these blacksmithsin the __59__ United States. 59. A) whole B) mostA blacksmith's job is not an easy C) all D) large__60__ . He must be __61__ to shape 60. A) matter B) thingC) problem D) one61. A) sure B) ableC) ready D) possiblea shoe from a __62__ of plain metal 62. A) piece B) bitC) lot D) typeand then fit it __63__ the horse's 63. A) with B) intoC) on D) tohoof. The blacksmith must bend __64__ 64. A) down B) onC) over D) aboveall the time he is fitting the __65__ 65. A) horse B) shoeC) metal D) hoofand must hold the __66__ of the 66. A) back B) positionhorse's leg while he works. Clearly, C) end D) weighta blacksmith must be very __67__ . 67. A) hard B) quickC) strong D) importantBut even more __68__ , he must be able 68. A) important B) wonderfulC) serious D) clearto deal __69__ horses -- for before 69. A) about B) withC) at D) for本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问the blacksmith can __70__ his work, 70. A) learn B) finishhe has to get the horse to lift its C) begin D) findleg.READING COMPREHENSIONQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, both in areaand population. It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800miles (1,280 km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada'sentire west coast and the islands just off the coast.Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long, rugged ranges runningnorth and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain rangethat existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range wasscoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now showas islands scattered along the coast.The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Seawinds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm waterthat flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperaturesaverage above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds alsocarry moisture from the ocean.Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountainbarriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise tocross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins tofall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500 cm)of rain fall each year.More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountainslopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in toweringcolumns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet (90 m)tall, with diameters up to 10 feet (3 m). More lumber is produced fromthese trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock,red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in BritishColumbia.71. With which aspect of British Columbia is the passage primarily concerned?A) Its climate. B) Its culture.C) Its geography. D) Its history.72. In which part of British Columbia can a mild climate be found?A) In the southwest. B) Inland from the coast.C) In the north. D) On the entire west coast.73. In Paragraph 5, the word"heavily"could best be replaced by which of thefollowing?A) widely. B) densely.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问C) chiefly. D) largely.74. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tree found in BritishColumbia?A) Hemlock. B) Cedar. C) Fir. D) Pine.75. What effect do the mountains have on winds?A) Make them dry. B) Make them wet.C) Make them cool. D) Make them weak.Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:When they advise your kids to"get an education"if you want to raise yourincome, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to getjust enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too muchthat you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma,at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happensto be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launchingpad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for amaster's degree, make sure it is an M. B. A., and only from a first-rateuniversity. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a yearthan full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was24,000, while the full professors managed to average just 23,930.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specializedfields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned toindustrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are morePh.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other partof the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropologyor political science or languages or - worst of all - in philosophy, you runthe risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs,mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables andfilling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking ajob in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than thejanitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only sofar. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product,but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.76. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turnout people who _______.A) will not be a shame to the society本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问B) will become skilled workersC) can take care of themselvesD) can meet the demands as a source of manpower77. If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _______.A) you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB) you will be successful in a grade schoolC) you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD) the least you should do is to get a diploma78. Ph.D.s are most likely to _______.A) have difficulties getting properly employedB) be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC) have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD) work in schools or colleges with low pay79. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Bernard Shaw didn't finish high school, nor did Edison.B) There are far more Ph.D.s than the society demands.C) The higher your education level, the more money you'll earn.D) If you are too well-educated, you'll make things difficult for thesociety.80. The writer is critical of _______.A) the educational system B) the Ph.D.sC) the society D) the employersQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage:Automobile drivers and passengers now face a new, unseen danger on theroad: the users of cellular mobile telephones. Looking at the phone whiledialing or speaking can prevent drivers from keeping their hands on thewheel and their eyes on the road; industry experts agree that drivers aremore likely to have an accident while using their phones. That fact hasexcited concern among highway safety organizations in the United States,and some want to ban cellular phones altogether. While manufacturers havenot yet come up with a cellular mobile phone that is completely "hands free",several companies have recently developed components that could make mobilephones less distracting -- and their users less accident prone.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问V oice Control Systems, Inc., based in Dallas, Tex., has developed amicroprocessor unit that allows standard cellular telephones to "dial"numbers at the sound of a human voice. The V oice Dialer unit is attachedto the phone's transmitter and receiver in the car's trunk. Programmedwith a limited vocabulary, it can respond only to digits and specificcontrol commands spoken by the users, who must pause a quarter of a secondbetween each digit or command. (Frequently dialed numbers can be preprog-rammed into simple, single command codes.) The driver picks up the handset,and begins calls by saying "Dial," followed by the number or command code;a synthesized voice will repeat the number sequence and place the calltold to "Send." A unique aspect of the V oice Dialer is that it is speakerindependent; the unit will respond to any voice regardless of gender,accent or tone.81. Cellular mobile telephones are telephone sets _________.A) used in carsB) capable of being moved in offices or at homeC) shaped like cellsD) controlled by human voices82. Drivers using cellular mobile telephones are prone to accidents because_____________.A) telephone conversation distracts users from drivingB) drivers are often not skillful enough to use themC) they are not reliableD) they are not "hands free"83. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The V oice Dialer unit is a device which dials numbers by humanvoice, rather than by hand.B) The V oice Dialer allows drivers to pay more attention on drivingwhile dialing.C) The V oice Dialer unit can make cellular mobile phones completely"hands free."D) The V oice Dialer was developed by V oice Control Systems, Inc.84. The V oice Dialer unit is programmed to respond to ____________.A) what the user wants to sayB) a special vocabulary used by the driver本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问C) various commands spoken by the userD) only the telephone numbers and specific control commands85. This passage centres on ___________.A) a new hazard on the roadB) different kinds of telephonesC) a safer car telephoneD) V oice Control Systems, IncQuestions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage:Having no language, infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yetby the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of theirnative language and will be well on their way to communicative competence.Acquiring their language is a most impressive intellectual feat. Studies ofhow children learn language generally agree that the most remarkable aspectof this feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the abilityof children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderfulthan their ability to learn words. It has been estimated that the averagehigh school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people andplaces. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years.From the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at arate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of greatcomplexity goes on at a rapid rate in children.86. According to the passage, approximately how long does it take childrento learn the basic structure of their native language?A) One year. B) Three years.C) About two and half years. D) Thirteen years.87. What is the main subject of the passage?A) Language acquisition in children.B) Teaching languages to children.C) How to memorize words.D) Communicating with infants.88. The word "feat" in Line 6 is closest in meaning to which of thefollowing?A) Experiment. B) Idea.本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问C) Activity. D) Accomplishment.89. In Line 10, the word "which" refers to _______.A) their ability B) reading vocabularyC) idiomatic expression D) learning process90. According to the passage, what is impressive about the way children learnvocabulary?A) They learn words before they learn grammar.B) They learn even very long words.C) They learn words very quickly.D) They learn the most words in high school.WRITINGDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a compositionon A Hundred Years from Now in three paragraphs. You are given the first sen-tence each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.A Hundred Years from NowSome people are pessimistic when they think about the future. _______________________________________________________________Other people believe that man adapts very easily.____________________If we are to have a bright future, we have to take measures now._________________________________________________________________本资料由育路论坛资料，需要更多资料请访问。

2009年12月英语四级考试模拟训练附答案

2009年12月英语四级考试模拟训练附答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of Today”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 我国爱国主义教育的现状;2. 爱国主义教育的重要意义;3. 如何在青少年中开展爱国主义教育?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Work-life balance: Ways to restore harmony and reduce stressFinding work-life balance in tod ay‟s frenetically (疯狂) paced world is no simple task.Spend more time at work than at home, and you miss out on a rewarding personal life. Then again, when you face challenges in your personal life, such as caring for an aging parent or coping with marital problems, concentrating on your job can be difficult.Whether the problem is too much focus on work or too little, when your work life and your personal life feel out of balance, stress —along with its harmful effects — is the result.The good news is that you can take control of your work-life balance — and give yourself the time to do the things that are most important to you. The first step is to recognize how the world of work has changed. Then you can evaluate your relationship to work and apply some specific strategies for striking a healthier balance.How work invades your personal lifeThere was a time when employees showed up for work Monday through Friday and worked eight- to nine-hour days. The boundaries between work and home were fairly clear then. But the world has changed and, unfortunately, the boundaries have blurred for many workers. Here‟s why:●Global economy. As more skilled workers enter the global labor market and companies outsource or move more jobs to reduce labor costs, people feel pressured to work longer and produce more just to protect their jobs.●International business. Work continues around the world 24 hours a day for some people. If you work in an international organization, you might be on call around the clock for troubleshooting or consulting.●Advanced communicati on technology. Many people now have the ability to work anywhere — from their home, from their car and even on vacation. Andsome managers expect this.●Longer hours. Employers commonly ask employees to work longer hours than they‟re scheduled. Often, ov ertime is mandatory (强制性的). If you hope to move up the career ladder, you may find yourself regularly working more than40 hours a week to achieve and exceed expectations.●Changes in family roles. Today‟s married worker is typically part of a dual-career couple, which makes it difficult to find time to meet commitments to family, friends and community.Married to your workIt can be tempting to rack up the hours at work —especially if you‟re trying to earn a promotion or some extra money for a child‟s education or a dream vacation. For others, working more hours feels necessary in order to manage the workload.But if you‟re spending most of your time at work, your home life will likely pay the price. Consider the pros and cons of working extra hours on your work-life balance:●Fatigue. Your ability to think and your eye-hand coordination decrease when you‟re tired. This means you‟re less productive and may make more mistakes. These mistakes can lead to injury or rework and negatively impact your professional reputation.●Family. You may miss out on important events, such as your child‟s first bike ride, your father‟s 60th birthday or your high-school reunion. Missing out on important milestones may harm relationships with your loved ones.●Friends. Trusted friends are a key part of your support system. But if you‟re spending time at the office instead of with them, you‟ll find it difficult to nurture those friendships.●Expectations. If you regularly work extra hours, you may be given more responsibility. This could create a never-ending and increasing cycle, causing more concerns and challenges.Sometimes working overtime is important. If you work for a company that requires mandatory overtime, you won‟t be able to avoid it, but you can lear n to manage it. Most importantly, say no when you‟re too tired, when it‟s affecting your health or when you have crucial family obligations.Striking the best work-life balanceFor most people, juggling (巧妙处理) the demands of career and personal life is an ongoing challenge. With so many demands on your time — from overtime to family obligations — it can feel difficult to strike this balance. The goal is to make time for the activities that are the most important to you.Here are some ideas to help you find the balance that‟s best for you:●Learn to say no. Whether it‟s a co-worker asking you to spearhead (充当先锋) an extra project or your child‟s teacher asking you to manage the class play, remember that it‟s OK to respectfully say no. When you quit doi ng the things you only do out of guilt or a false sense of obligation, you‟ll make more room in your life for the activities that are meaningful to you and bring you joy.●Leave work at work. Make a conscious decision to separate work time from personal time. When with your family, for instance, turn off your cell phone and put away your laptop computer.●Manage your time. Organize household tasks efficiently. Do one or two loads of laundry every day, rather than saving it all for your day off. A weekly family calendar of important dates and a daily list of to-dos will help you avoid deadline panic. If your employer offers a course in time management, sign up for it.●Get enough sleep. There‟s nothing as stressful and potentially dangerous as working w hen you‟re sleep-deprived. Not only is your productivity affected, but also you can make costly mistakes. You may then have to work even more hours to make up for these mistakes.●Communicate clearly. Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully. Take notes if necessary.●Nurture yourself. Set aside time each day for an activity that you enjoy, such as walking, working out or listening to music.●Set aside one night each week for recreation. T ake the phone of f the hook, power down the computer and turn off the TV. Discover activities you can do with your partner, family or friends, such as playing golf, fishing or canoeing. Making time for activities you enjoy will rejuvenate (使年轻) you.Remember, striking a work-life balance isn‟t a one-shot deal. Creating balance in your life is a continuous process. Balance doesn‟t mean doing everything. Examine your priorities and set boundaries. Be firm in what you can and cannot do. Only you can restore harmony to your lifestyle.1. What will happen if your work life and personal life feel out of balance?A) You will have little time to finish your work.B) You may feel stress, which will affect you negatively.C) You will have a lot of time to share with your family.D) You will never balance the combination of life and work.2. The boundaries between work and home have blurred for the following reasons, EXCEPT _______.A) global economy B) changes in family rolesC) advanced communication technology D) high divorce rate3. What will happen if you‟re spending most of your time at work?A) You will lose both health and wealth. B) You will be hated by your loved ones.C) You will lose all your friends. D) You may be given more responsibility.4. According to th e passage, you‟d better say no to mandatory overtime when _______________.A) you get bored with the work B) you are not interested in the workC) you can‟t get additional allowance D) you have crucial family obligations5. What does the underlined sentence mean?A) You should do the things people ask you to do without feeling guilty.B) You shouldn‟t do the things people ask you to do if you don‟t want to.C) To do things people ask you to do can bring you a lot of joy.D) To do things for yourself is more meaningful than to do things for others.6. What will NOT happen if you don‟t get enough sleep?A) You will feel stressed while working. B) You will have no sense of exhaustion.C) You can make costly mistakes. D) You will have low productivity.7. What does the real balance mean according to the author?A) Examining priorities and deciding what is the most important to you.B) Doing everything you want to do whether you can do it or not.C) Saying yes to everybody in order to maintain good relationships.D) Being firm that working overtime will strike a work-life balance.8. Spend more time at work than at home, and you won‟t have enough time to enjoy your _______________.9. You have slow responses and your eye-hand coordination decreases when you‟re ________.10. You can save a lot of time and avoid misunderstandings if you communicate clearly and ____________.Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have 11 advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most 12 prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer‟s advertising spend fell 20.3pc to ￡25.3m, 13 with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign 14 celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK‟s 25th largest spender o n advertising,15 being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly 16 back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also 17 spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a 18 as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price- 19 customers. The leading supermarkets have 20 an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.A) conscientious I) necessityB) conscious J) contributionC) against K) reducedD) despite L) moreoverE) comparing M) scaledF) compared N) competitiveG) launched O) featuringH) boosted■ Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are more than 2,000 different kinds of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes bite people to drink their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink fluids from plants. The female mosquito uses its thin sucking tube to break the skin, find blood and inject the victim with a substance that keeps blood flowing.The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses it to produce as many as 250 eggs. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae (幼虫) in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years until conditions are right for development. The larvae feed on organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world. The most important disease spread by mosquitoes is malaria (疟疾). The WHO says 247 million people became infected with malaria in 2006. Malaria caused almost one million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. The disease is found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.Malaria parasites (寄生虫) enter a person‟s blood through a mosquito bite. These organisms travel to the liver. They grow and divide there. After a week or two, the parasites invade red blood cells and reproduce thousands of times. They cause the person‟s b ody temperature to rise. They also may destroy major organs. People with malaria may suffer kidney failure or loss of red blood cells.Some medicines are generally effective in preventing and treating malaria. They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body. People die from malaria because they are not treated for the disease or the treatment is delayed.21. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.A) female mosquitoes don‟t bite animalsB) female mosquitoes bite people for a substance that keeps blood flowingC) malaria is found everywhere in the worldD) countries in Europe and North America have low malaria death rate22. What is the right order in which mosquitoes grow?a. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.b. The larvae change into creatures called pupas.c. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.d. The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae.A) c, a, b, d B) d, c, b, a C) c, d, b, a D) d, b, c, a23. According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.A) are the food for larvaeB) have led to the death of millions of people in the worldC) invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organsD) can enter a person‟s brain through the mosquito‟s bite24. According to the passage, malaria medicines are generally designed to _______.A) keep people‟s body temperature at a normal levelB) prevent parasites from entering people‟s skinsC) stop parasites from growing inside the bodyD) stop parasites from invading red blood cells25. What is the passage mainly talking about?A) The growing process of mosquitoes and the diseases spread by them.B) The medicines used in preventing and treating malaria.C) The kinds of mosquitoes in the world today.D) The larvae of mosquitoes feed on organisms in the water.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth‟s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of someecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world‟s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the pa per. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”26. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots27. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth‟s land surface with _____________.A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots28. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning29. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past30. What is the writer‟s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Two million years ago, just as the Earth‟s primitive apemen were evolving into big-brained humans, a pair of supernovae explosions occurred near Earth. Our planet was buffeted (冲击) with blasts of radiation —with 31 effects. “These s upernovae would 32 away our protective ozone layer,” said Dr Narciso Benitezof Johns Hopkins University. Earth lost its protection 33 ultraviolet light. All sorts of mutational (突变) damage to animals‟ DNA would have occurred. New species could have emerged 34 . It is possible that Homo sapiens (智人) may have been one of these.The likely 35 of a supernova‟s radiation led scientists in the past 36 that one may have affected 37 on Earth. Benitez now believes that 38 two supernovae occurred near Earth two million years ago: The first would have blasted space free 39 interstellar particles; and the second would have struck Earth at full force, 40 its ozone layer.Observations of space around our Sun have revealed that, 41 the rest of the galaxy, space near u s has little interstellar gas in it. “ 42 it is missing much of its dust and gas —just as if a supernova 43 it out,” added Maíz-Apellániz. 44 , our tiny corner of the galaxy appears to have been swept clean by a supernova brush about two million years ago; and intriguingly, at just this time, a set of extinctions — known as the Pliocene (上新世) / Pleistocene (更新世) extinctions — is also known 45 .It was also around this time that mankind‟s direct ancestor, Homo erectus, the species 46 to be the first true human being, appeared in Africa and Asia after 47 more primitive ape-like creatures. These beings may have been some of the lucky few who were able to 48 advantage of conditions in these hazardous, radioactive 49 . This triumph only occurred thanks to this celestial (上天的) 50 , however.31. A) devastate B) devastating C) devastated D) devastation32. A) blow B) have blown C) blew D) be blowing33. A) in B) on C) against D) to34. A) as a result of B) as a result C) the end result D) from the result of35. A) compact B) contact C) intact D) impact36. A) speculate B) speculating C) to speculate D) speculated37. A) evolution B) revolution C) resolution D) solution38. A) at least B) at most C) at first D) at last39. A) with B) without C) at D) of40. A) destroyed B) to destroy C) destroying D) destroy41. A) unlikely B) likely C) unlike D) dislike42. A) Definitely B) Obviously C) Eventually D) Essentially43. A) would clean B) cleaned C) have cleaned D) had cleaned44. A) In word B) In words C) In other words D) In a word45. A) to occur B) to have occurred C) occurring D) have occurred46. A) considered B) was considered C) considering D) being considered47. A) placing B) replacing C) being placed D) being replaced48. A) get B) gain C) win D) take49. A) reasons B) results C) spaces D) times50. A) invention B) intervention C) convention D) creationPart V Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.51. Don‟t get involved in love games too early. _______ (要是……该怎么办) you suffer from failure in love?52. That car ___________________(尽给我添麻烦) ever since I bought it.53. _______________________ (努力不吸入) the vapor, Thomas turned his head.54. But for his wife‟s encouragement, he _____________ (就不能发明那个机器).55. It _________________________ (直到得到有关当局的批准) that we can start the job.Part I WritingOne possible version:How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of TodayThese years have seen a widespread neglect of patriotic education in our society. According to some official reports, many patriotic education centers have been closed down or kept open to the public for other more profitable purposes, while many of our national hero es have given way to today‟s pop stars in youth‟s minds. If this current is allowed to run its course, I am afraid, things are bound to turn for the worse, with less and less sense of patriotism left in the youth.The significance of patriotic education to our society can be seen from the following perspectives: Patriotic education can make youth more aware of the glorious history and culture of our nation, thus building up their sense of pride as Chinese. Furthermore, patriotic education helps youth valu e today‟s hard-earned life so as to hold dearer their golden chances of enriching themselves with knowledge in peace.So the most pressing issue for us now is how to effectively instill patriotism in the youth of today. In my opinion, the first step should be focused upon giving fuller play to the potential of patriotic education centers instead of running them for the purpose of making money. Then, greater efforts must be made to integrate patriotic education into the curriculums throughout a student‟s education. In short, where there is effective patriotic education of youth, there is a greater enhancement of national cohesion.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. B)。

2009年12月英语四级考试模拟训练及答案一

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Good Teacher-student Relationship.. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 良好的师生关系很重要2. 怎样建立良好的师生关系3. 你是如何做的A Good Teacher-student RelationshipPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Great Australian FenceA war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog.To protect their livelihood,the farmers build a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire network, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just shore of the Pacific Ocean.The Fence is Austrelia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostitle invaders, in the case hordes of yellow dogs.The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sove reigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after C hina’s―some 123 million head ―and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.Never mind that more and more people ―conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers―say th at such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds.With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fairweather ruefully admits, an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity.To appreciate this unusual outback monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it.,I spendt part of an Australian autumn traveling the wire.It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence is South Australia, the Broder Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simly the Fence.For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarely has rivers. The eccentric route, prescribed mostly by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over sand dunes, past salt lakes,up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains.The Fence stays away from towns. Where it passes near a town, it has actually become a tourist attraction visited on bus tours. It marks the traditional dividing line between cattle and sheep. Inside, where the dingoes are legally classified as vermin, they are shot, poisoned and trapped. Sheep and dingoes do not mix and the Fence sends that message mile after mile.What is this creature that by itself threatens an entire industry, infliciting several millions of dollars of damage a year despite the presence of the world’s most obsessive fence ? Cousin to the coyote and the jackal, descended from the Asian wolf, Canis lupus dingo is introduced to Australia more than 3,500 years ago probably with Asian seafarers who landed on the north coast. The adaptable dingo spread rapidly and in a short time became the top predator, killing off all its marsupial competitors. The dingo looks like a small wolf with a long nose, short pointed ears and a bushy tail. Dingoes rarely bark ; they yelp and howl. Standing about 22 inches at the shoulder―slightly taller than a coyote ―the dingo is Australia’s largest land fresh-eating animal. The woolgrowers’ war against dingoes, which is similar to the sheep ranchers’ rage against coyotes in the US, started not long after the first European settlers landed in 1788, bringing with them a cargo of sheep. Dingoes officially became outlaws in 1830 when governments placed a bounty on their heads. Today bounties for problem dogs killing sheep inside the Fence can reach $500. As pioneers penetrated the interior with their flocks of sheep, fences replaced shepherds until, by the end of the 19 th century, thousands of miles of barrier fencing crisscrossed the vast grazing lands.The dingo started out as a quiet observer, writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal; The Dingo, but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold. Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at than a million.Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence, placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers, should supplant the maze of private netting. By 1960, three states joined their barriers to form a single dog fence.The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to define the Fence only in economic terms. It marks the difference between profit and loss.Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial dam, deflecting the flow of animals inside and out. The ecological side effects appear most vividly at Sturt National Park. In 1845, explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through these parts on a futile search for an inland sea. For Sourt led an expedition through these parts on a futile search for an inland sea. For Sturt and other early explorers, it was a rare event to see a kangaroo. Now they are ubiquitous forwithout a native predator the kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence.Kangaroos are now cursed more than dingoes. They have become the rivals of sheep, competing for water and grass. In response state governments cull (to kill animals to reduce their populatio ns ) more than three million kangaroos a year to keep Australia’s national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands. Park officials, who recognize that the fence is to blame, respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying “The fence is there, we have to live with it.”1. Why was the fence built ?A)To separate the sheep from the cattle.B)To protect the Australian wool industry.C)To act as a boundary between properties.D)To stop the dingoes from being slaughtered by farmers.2.On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree ?A)Wool exports are vial to the economy.B)The number of dogs needs to be reduced.C)The fence poses a threat to the environment.D)The fence acts a useful frontier between states.3.The author visitor Australia_______________.A)to study Australian farming methodsB)to investigate how the fence was constructedC)because he was interested in life around the fenceD)because he wanted to learn more about the wool industry4.How does the author feel about the fence ?A)Impressed B)Delighted C)Shocked D)Annoyed5.From the sixth paragraph we know that_______________.A)dingoes are known to attack humansB)the fence serves a different purpose in each stateC)the dingo is indigenous to AustraliaD)the fence is only partially successful6.The authorities first acknowledge the dingo problem in the year of _______________.A)1778 B)1830 C)1845 D)19607.How do the park officials feel about the fence ?A)Angry B)Proud C)Pleased D)Philosophical8.Dingoes have flourished as a result of ______________.9.Woolgrowers and dingoes have usually defined the Fence only in ______________.10.Kangaroos have increased in number because of ______________.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

0Jbvhi2009年12月大学英语四级真题及答案[技巧]

0Jbvhi2009年12月大学英语四级真题及答案[技巧] 生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生;生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死;生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧;生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干;生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。

-----无名2009年12月大学英语四级考试试卷Part ? Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……Creating a Green Campus____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use ofprecious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about$2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families whodon’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, meritaid can be an important revenue-builder because manyrecipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve theiracademic pr ofits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to i nvest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean ofadmission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% ofits student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recentdecisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructivecompetition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council,says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federalanti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they couldjointly reduce merit aid, “This is a m erry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify forneed-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, astuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” “says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billionendowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach.This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education.But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during highschool. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track andfield events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education,a number of colleges are ________.A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising theirfinancial aid policiesC) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollmentsC) attract good students D) increase their revenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its rankingB) it gives students motivation to award academic achievementsC) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its studentsD) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutionsC) the increasing number of top students D) school s’ improvedfinancial situations6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like to see it reduced.B) They regard it as a necessary evil.C) They think it does more harm than good.D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whetherthe recipients remain ______.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidenceto show their ______ in a particular artistic field.Part ? Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful information.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure.C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keepfit is really praiseworthy.17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. B) He canserve as the woman’s tutor.C) P hysics is an important course at school. D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed upfor a day course.C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 toNew Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45hours in total.22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing.Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you havejust heard.26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of lifecould not be resolved.27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not neededfor some life forms.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you havejust heard.29. A) Whether they should take the child home.B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were.C) Who should take care of the child at home.D) When the child would completely recover.30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B) She makes them write down all her instructions.C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpePassage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. D) Boring jobswill gradually be made enjoyable.34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. B) Improve their working conditions.C) Encourage them to compete with each other. D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B) They concern a small number of people only.C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music whichyou might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of the humanities.As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in the reader’s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) ________.Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________.Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impacton a child’s language develop ment than mothers,a new study suggests.Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home infree-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, thecomplexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used.The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.“It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study.It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speechdevelopment, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describingG) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L)totalM) unconscious N) unsure O) yetSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll changeAmerica. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’sattention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re allhot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, b lack women still can’t escapethe stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. Forbetter or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainlyshowing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to workto please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American womenaccording to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charityand social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady. D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by anew face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—aposition equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only edu cator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent f low isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only onedirection: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家)who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising abilityis largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has madefunding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world havejoined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B) Their operation is under strict governmentsupervision.C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. D) Most of their revenues come from the government.65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?A) They can enhance the university’s image. B) They will bring with them more international faculty.C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D) Theycan set up new academic disciplines.Part ? Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.“73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentrationof policy attention and resources 74 young peoplecannot meet the new 75 ,” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 ,。

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Create a green campus1.建设绿色校园十分重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high test scores still matter-a lot-to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that ai d, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者)，pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, pa.. made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N,Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility（资格）have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuitiondollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles. “They’re trying to buy students.” Says Skidmore Col ege economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid.” Says Monica Inzer, dean of admi ssion and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $1 million a year, “served us well,” lnzer says, but “to be discounting the Price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%. Compared with 47% for need-based grants, At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions. But in recent years, a growing chorus（异口同声）of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on.” Says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption（豁免）from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families. Who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That is one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment（捐赠），meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong points, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. I t’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of market.”A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from foot ball to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee（裁判）。

2009级大学英语四级模拟测试试题参考答案

2009级大学英语四级模拟测试试题参考答案Part I WritingStyles of LivingSome people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.Others, however, prefer living separately. They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generation's fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can develop my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y 根据题干中的信息词eight percent，在通读全文时注意百分比数字的信息。

2009英语专业四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习74

2009 英语专业四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习 74 A who is known B whom is known C what is known D which is known2. Your advice would be __ valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.A exceedinglyB excessivelyC extensivelyD exclusively3. More often than not it is difficult to __ the exact meaning ofa Chinese idiom in English,A exchangeB transferC conveyD convert4. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think is best to __.A engageB devoteC seekD pursue5. The local authorities realized the need to make __ for elderly people in their production efficiency.A preparationB requirementC specificationD provision答案：答案 1-5 CACDD1．选 C，“what is called.. ”, what we call…, what is know n as…放在名词和名词性词组之前，表“所谓的” 。

What were calledradicals were involved in leading the general strike.2．选 A exceedingly 极度地，非常地 I’m exceedingly pleased to meet you.Excessively 过度，过分地 (贬) Don’t drink excessively.Extensively 广泛地，广阔地 You should read extensively in orderto enlarge your vocabulary.Exclusively 地，只 He’s exclusively employed on repairing cars.3. 选 C convey 传达，传递 This picture will convey to you someidea of the beauty of the scenery.Convert 改变，转变 The room was converted from a kitchen to a drawing room.4．选 D pursue 从事 (工作，研究等) Students showed great enthusiasm in pursuing the new learning.5. 选 D provision 准备，预备 (强调“未雨绸缪”) They spent all their money and made no provision for the future.。

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