土木工程专业英语(专业认证版本)

土木工程专业英语(专业认证版本)
土木工程专业英语(专业认证版本)

《钢结构基本原理》课程教学大纲

撰写人:编写日期:2017年9月

一、课程基本信息

1.课程编号:

2.课程类别:专业课程

3.课程性质:必修课

4.学时/学分:36/2

5.先修课程: 混凝土结构设计原理、钢结构设计原理、基础英语6.适用专业:土木工程

7.课程负责人:核准人:

二、课程目标及学生应达到的能力

熟悉土木工程专业相关概念。

掌握土木工程专业英语词汇

掌握土木工程专业英语语法。

掌握土木工程专业英语的翻译和写作能力。

表1 课程目标、权重及其毕业要求支撑

三、教学内容和学时分配

表2 学时分配与统计

*开放实践项目是指由学生自主完成的课外实践项目,项目内容是对本课程教学内容的一些延伸与扩展,本课程主要内容可对接大学生英文课外网站查阅。

表3 理论教学内容与基本要求

四、课程教学方法

1.讲授法

针对土木工程专业英语的阅读、翻译和写作,采用讲授法教学。

3.课后练习法

通过课后作业的练习,培养学生能够阅读、翻译和写作土木工程专业论文的能力。

4.课外练习法

鼓励学生积极选择性阅读和翻译美国土木工程师协会(ASCE, The American Society of Civil Engineers)、Elsevier、Springer网站上近三年土木工程专业英文论文,对课程所学内容加以巩固和应用。

五、课程的考核环节及课程目标达成度自评方式

5.1 课程考核环节

表4 课程考核环节及占比

5.2课程目标达成度评价方式

达成度评价通过各课程目标对应实现途径及相关材料分项达成度加权平均获得,课程教学目标、实现途径及达成度计算材料见表5。

表5教学目标及其实现途径

六、本课程与其它课程的联系与分工

本课程的先修课程《钢筋混凝土结构》、《钢结构》、《房屋建筑学》、《建

筑制图》,为本课程学习提供了必要的混凝土材料、结构及制图识图基础,依据土木工程专业培养方案,后续建筑工程方向继续开设《建筑结构抗震》、《工程项目管理》、《毕业设计》课程,这些课程是本课程内容在工程应用和理论方面的拓展。

七、建议教材及教学参考书

教材:

1、《土木工程专业英语》. 陈瑛、邵永波主编,机械工业出版社,2009年版

参考书:

1、《土木工程专业英语》. 董祥主编,东南大学出版社,2011年版

2、《土木工程专业英语》. 贾艳敏、施平主编,科学出版社,2011年版

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第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩 53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专著monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引

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Part IV:Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体(工程)reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration(土)空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀,麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板(工程) shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

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土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架, ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性;吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂;加速器;催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路;通道 access door 检修门;通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处;出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道;斜通道access road 通路;通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件;配件accident 事故;意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设;容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器;蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备;酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器;音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器;唧筒;激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器;承接器;转接器; addition 增设;加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂;胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口;通路;坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校;调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂;外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志;方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒;喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂;代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材;集料;碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器;搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语考试题集电子教案

精品文档 精品文档 一单元 [1.4] Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids,principally water .整句的意思是:水利工程主要涉及流体的流动和传输,尤其是水 的流动和传输。 [1.5] As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types‘of civil engmeenng . firms .manY construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business 。like in nature :drafiing and reviewing contracts ,evaluating logistical operations ,and cl osely 。monitoring pnces of necessary supplies 。 整体的意思是:由于建筑公司比其他类型的民用建筑公司往往承担更高的商业风险,许多建筑工程师往往会本能地扮演一种公事公办的角色:起草和修改合同、评估后勤的运作、严密监控必需供应品的价格等。 结构工程 structural engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical engineering 水利工程 hydraulic engineering 海岸工程 coastal engineering 环境工程 environmental engineering 施工工程 construction engineering 6段 Its charter defined civil engineering as the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man ,as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river nanvigation and docks for internal intercourse and exchang, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns. 把民用工程定义为直接为人类的使用和便利的自然界的伟大力量的来源的艺术,也定义为在各国的生产资料和交通手段,包括外部和内部的贸易,如为内部往来和交易为目的的道路,桥梁,沟渠,运河、航运和码头的建设中的应用,在港口、码头、防浪堤、防波堤和灯塔的建设中的应用,在以商业为目的的人工航运的应用,在建筑和机械以及城镇排水系统中应用的。 二单元 [1]In many countries the ratio of concrete consumption to steel consumption exceeds ten to one.在许多国家,水泥消费与钢铁消费的比例已经超过了十比一. [2]Therefore,the selection and proportioning of materials for the concrete mixture was governed primarily by consid eration of the spread of construction by slip-forming and durability of hard ened concrete to the hostil e environment.所以,混凝土材料和配比的选择主要考虑滑模施工速度的影响,以及不利环境中坚硬混凝土耐久性的影响. [3]Depe nding on the components’ transportation cost, in certain geographical locations the price of concrete may be as high as U.S. 75 to $100 per cubic meter, at other it may be as low as U.S. $60 to $70 per cubic meter. 根据材料的运输成本,在某些特定地区,水泥的价格会高达每立方米75至100美元,而在其他地方则会低至每立方米60至70美元. [4]Since an adequate concrete cover on reinforcement or tendons is required for structural integrity in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the protection against failure due to excessive heat is provid ed at the same time. 由于在钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土结构中,要求有一个足够结实的混凝土封面来确保建筑的一体性,所以,同时还要求必须提供因温度过高而导致失败的保护措施. 三单元 3.1.1 The placement location of the steel reinforcement within the concrete is specified by the concrete cover, which is the clear distance between the surface of the concrete and the reinforcement. 混凝土中加固钢筋的布置要根据混凝土覆盖层的具体情况决定,混凝土覆盖层和加固钢筋之间应保持有条理的间距。 3.1.2To construct concrete structures of even greater structural strength, very high-strength steel such as Grade 270 strands, may be used instead of Grade 60 reinforcement bars. 要建造更为坚固的混凝土结构,就要使用强度非常高的钢筋,例如,要使用270号得加固钢筋,而不是60号得。 3.1.3Therefore,designs that replicate member sizes and simplify reinforcement placement to result in easier and faster construction will usually result in being more economical than a design that achieves minimum material quantities. 因此,那些复制了构件尺寸和简化钢筋位置的设计能促使更容易更快捷的建设,这样的建设通常会比那些只能获得最小量材料的设计显得更经济 3.1.4The final design will generally be conservative even though the analysis does not refl ect the actual nonlinear structural behavior because member design is based on ultimate strength design and the ductility of reinforced concrete enable force redistributions. 最终的设计通常是保守的,即使这种分析没有表现出实际上的非线性结构行为,但因为构件设计是建立在极限强度基础之上,而且钢筋混凝土的延展性又使强度进行了重新分配。 力矩: moment 轴力:axial force 剪力:shear force 扭矩:torsion 构件:member 内力:internal force 混凝土隔板:concrete diaphragm 3.3what design criteria is for reinforced concrete ? Safety 、Aesthetics 、functional requirement 、economy 。 第六单元 6-1 The vertical l egs and the horizontal links are themselves frames with large dimensions in the plane of the frame. 垂直支架和水平连接的自身就是在一个平面结构上拥有巨大尺寸的框架结构 6-2 the corner truss legs need strong horizontal connections at frequent modular intervals to make them function together like an equival ent cantil ever 为了使角落桁架支柱的功能等效于等效悬臂,它需要强有力的有频繁模块化间隔的横向连接来保证 6-3 the aerodynamic behaviour was greatly assisted by the apertures which reduced the cross-wind accelerations and forces due to vortex shed ding by as much as 25% 由于涡脱落多达25%从而降低了风切变加速度和力的孔大大增强了空气动力性能。 6-4 this framing resulted from the concept of a tetrahedral framed solid form where all the non-essential el ements were eliminated to create the tube and the external shaping of it 这个框架源于一个四面体框架固体状的概念,这种框架形式的所有的非基本要素被淘汰来创造管与它的外部塑造。 第七单元 7.1Design process involves the selection and or detailing of the components that make up the structural system . 设计过程包括组成结构系统元件的选择和细节设计。 7.2Two components of reaction are d eveloped in hinged support and three reaction component , one moment and two forces parallel to horizontal and vertical axis are developed in fixed support . 铰支座产生2中构件反作用力,固定支座能产生3中反作用力,即1个弯矩,以及两种分别与水平轴和纵轴平行的力。 7.3Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures . The subjects of structural analysis are

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