科技英语翻译-第2章分析
科技英语翻译课后答案解析

科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成:叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译

1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
《科技英语翻译全》课件

科技发展
展望科技的未来发展,探讨翻译 面临的新挑战。
翻译技术
介绍新兴的翻译技术和对科技英 语翻译的影响。
跨文化交流
探讨跨文化交流对科技英语翻译 的要求和挑战。
科技英语翻译的成功案例
1
医学文章翻译
一篇医学文章的翻译,通过对领域专业术语的把握,确保了翻译准确无误。
2
科技公司介绍翻译
一份科技公司介绍的翻译,通过运用生动形象的语言和西方文化的巧妙结合,打 造了一份令人眼前一亮的翻译文本。
3
技术培训材料翻译
一份技术培训材料的翻译,通过精细的翻译工作和清晰的语言表达,帮助受众理 解培训内容,提高了学习质量。
常见错误和纠正方法
错误:术语错误或翻 译不准确
纠正方法:积累科技英语术语, 注意专业性,加强文本校对。
错误:语言文法错误 或语序不恰当
纠正方法:学习技术英语语法 和逻辑,查阅规范化语言建议。
错误:缺乏专业性或 文化差异
纠正方法:了解行业文化背景 和技术特点,加强专业知识学 习。
科技英语翻译的未来展望
科技英语翻译全PPT课件
本课程将帮助你掌握科技英语的翻译技巧和应用,为你在科技领域的翻译工 作提供支持和指导。
课程大纲
第一部分:技术英语翻 译定义
探讨技术英语翻译的定义和 基本要求。
第二部分:基础语法和 翻译技巧
介绍科技英语翻译中的基础 语法和翻译技巧。
Hale Waihona Puke 第三部分:科技英语翻 译的挑战
分析科技英语翻译的难点和 挑战。
科技英语翻译的应用
医疗技术
介绍医疗技术领域的英语翻译应 用。
人工智能
探讨人工智能领域的英语翻译应 用。
能源技术
科技英语的翻译——02 专业词汇的构成

专业词汇的构成1.词汇的分类专业英语文献中的专业词汇(或科技词汇)一般分为三类:技术词、半技术词和非技术词(或普通词)。
技术词(technical word)指科技术语,用以记录和表达科学技术专门领域的现象、过程、特性、关系、状态、数量等,意义单纯,只有一种专业含义,如bandwidth, flip-flop, microprocessor, rectification。
半技术词(semi-technical words)是指跨学科出现的频率很高的词,在不同的专业领域含有不同的精确含义,如power, carrier等。
非技术词是指在非专业英语中很少使用,却严格属于非专业英语性质的词汇,如application, implementation, to yield 等。
非技术词和普通词(尤其是其中的功能词,如限定词、介词、连词等)词频最高,半技术词出现得最多,词汇覆盖面最大,而技术词词频最低,出现率最小。
2.词汇的构成科技英语词汇中有很大一部分符合构词法。
科技英语构词法主要包括:派生、复合、转化、拼缀、缩略等,下面分别予以介绍。
(1) 派生(derivation)法是通过在原有词或词根的基础上加前缀或(和)后缀而构成新词。
前缀通常用以修饰或改变词意,后缀显示词性。
科技英语中以这一方法构成的新词最多,可以说俯拾皆是,如antiparticle (反粒子),antineutron (反中子),antibody (抗体);autocorrelation (自相关)等。
需要指出的是以V+er/or 构成的词,有许多是指某一仪器而不指人,如semicorrelator (自相关器),conductor (导体),holder (支架/托)等,这一点译者应留意。
表2.1-2.4分别列出电子与通信专业常用的前后缀及词根。
表2.1 常用前缀表2.2 表示数量关系的常用前缀表2.3 常用后缀表 2.4 常用词根(2) 复合(composition)法是由两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列,以构成新词,其词性可以是形容词、名词、代词、动词、副词等。
科技英语(2)

第一章概论一、科技英语翻译的标准准确规范,通顺易懂, 简洁明晰。
准确规范Samples 1We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.Three of Archimedes’s extant works are devoted to plane geometry.Translate by yourself 1:1.The power plant is the heart of a ship.发电设备是船只的核心。
2.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。
3.The largest and most expensive products can not, because of their size, be testable in the factory.这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试,通顺易懂Samples 2A more common way of joining these metal pieces together is to weld them.Molten salts range from ideally ionic fluids to molecular melts and liquid.These compressors have proved themselves useful in a variety of ways in installations where large volumes of air or other gases are compressed.Translate by yourself 2:1.Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。
科技英语的翻译(汉译英)

科技英语的翻译
问题: those on chromosomes表示染色体的减少效应, 而不是染色体上的基因的减少效应。我们要的是 后者的意思。所以要写成those of genes。 Reduction effects是指粒重的减少效应,而不是 genes on chromosomes的减少效应,所以要加 上on grain weight。 改译为: The reduction effects of genes on chromosomes 1B and 2B on grain weight were obviously higher than those of genes on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 2D and 7D.
科技英语的翻译
例
2 The division frequency of protoplasts was lower in the liquid medium than that embedded in the medium containing agarose. 原生质体在液体培养基中的分裂频率低 于包埋在含有琼脂糖的培养基中的分裂 频率。
科技英语的翻译
例
2 Owing to these changes of basic equilibrium state, with the result that the basic characters of dynamics will be changed.
由于这些基本的平衡的变化,将导致动力学基
科技英语的翻译
问题: 两句是主从关系句。 改译为: The total area under natural protection reaches 19,330, which accounts for 2.1% of the total area of China.
科技英语翻译

第一章概论1.科技英语翻译的概念翻译包括口译和笔译.在笔译中,又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻译和应用文翻译等等.翻译就是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来".因而,翻译本身并不是一门独立的创造性科学,它既带有创造性,又带有科学性,它是用语言表达的一门艺术,是科学性的再创作。
随着国际学术交流的日益广泛,科技英语已经受到普遍的重视,掌握一些科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。
科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)。
作为一种重要的英语文体,与非科技英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点,这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的.因此,科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。
2. 科技英语翻译的标准及要求科技英语的语域特征有别于其它语篇体裁。
充分认识和把握好科技英语的语体特征,对于研究科技翻译的标准,从而真正实现翻译中的语际意义转换,达到功能对等具有重要意义.综合以上分析,科技英语翻译的标准及要求可定位于以下几方面。
(一)准确性科技英语由于语场,语旨而决定其翻译也有别于其它翻译形式。
对于一般翻译,译文必须忠实于原文内容。
科技英语翻译除要忠实反映原文内容外,还要确保其信息传递的准确性.科技译文一般不用或很少用"可能",”大概"等模棱两可的修饰语言.因此,准确性是科技英语翻译最重要的标准。
失去了"准确性”,科技翻译就失去了灵魂(许树椿:4MNE)。
要保证科技译文的准确性,译者必须精心研究原文,充分理解原文,然后用准确流畅的译入语表达。
(二)通顺完整性通顺既包括译文的表达,也包括译文的完整.表达是译者在理解原文的基础上,把所理解的东西用另一种语言阐述的过程.这一过程必须在确切理解原文的前提下进行,并且在尽量保持原文表达形式的同时,必须保证译文合乎译入语的规范,行文尽量通顺流畅,简单明了,让读者一看就懂。
科技英语翻译unit2

第二单元能源课文A替代能源的前景美国能源部(DOE)预测,美国居民所使用的能源将在2025年前增加25%。
增加的电能中将有一小部分来源于再生能源(如风、阳光、水、地热),而且这部分还会不断增大。
美国能源部称,去年全国能源供应总量中有6%来自于替代能源。
“未来属于再生能源,”美国太阳能协会执行主席布拉德·柯林斯说。
该协会是一个非赢利性质的组织,总部设在科罗拉多州的博尔德。
柯林斯还说:“虽然科学家和行业专家对于世界石油和天然气究竟还能供应多久这一问题仍有争议,但可以确定的是这些能源的供应终究要枯竭的。
”较之传统方法生产的能源,再生能源虽然普遍昂贵一些,但是,这些替代能源有利于减少污染,节省矿物燃料。
位于科罗拉多戈尔登市的美国能源部国家再生能源实验室(NREL)的高级工程师保罗·托斯理尼说:“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题。
但它也是一个价值观的问题和我们应当把钱花在哪的问题。
”下面让我们看看再生能源技术的最新开发成果。
太阳能光电(或太阳能发电)系统的原理是将从太阳辐射中获得的光能转变成电力。
现在,小到家用电器,大到办公楼的电气设备,都可以利用太阳能发电。
科技的进步降低了太阳能发电设备的成本。
美国太阳能协会执行主席柯林斯说,20世纪80年代,通过光电器件获取的能源其平均价格为每千瓦时95美分,而现在这个价格已降低到约20美分。
据美国能源部《能源年刊》报道,既使是这一比较低廉的价格仍然大大高于全国平均电价,2003年的电价平均仅为每千瓦时8美分多一点。
其他的先进技术还包括“薄膜”光电技术,这是一种高科技涂层,它可以将任何表层贴有这种薄膜的物体转变太阳能电源。
使用这种薄膜的船只和娱乐用车现在已经上市。
工程师还将这种可以发电的薄膜覆盖在屋顶材料上。
托斯理尼说:“人们在安装屋顶的同时也安装了太阳能板。
”这种材料能抵抗恶劣天气,在晴天吸收太阳光发电。
同时,国家再生能源实验室正在研制开发更加廉价高效的太阳能发电系统。
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在第1章概论中我们介绍了一些基本的理论翻译理 论、翻译的标准和要求,以及科技英语文体的一 些特点和翻译的一般方法。在这一章我们将着重 介绍词的一半翻译方法和技巧。 1. 词义的选择 2. 词义的引申 3. 词类的转换 4. 词的增译 5. 词的省译 6. 词的重复
Cha都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。所谓一 词多类就是指一个词疏于几个不同的词类,具体几个不 同的意义。一词多义是指一个词在同一个词类中,往往 有几个不同的词义。因此,在众多的词义中,选择出一 个最确切的词义是正确理解原文所表达的思想的基本环 节,是翻译成功的基础。 1. 词义的选择 一、根据词类选择词义 二、根据上下文选择词义 三、根据词的搭配选择词义 四、根据学科和专业选择词义
Chapter Two Translation of Words
1. 词义的选择 二、根据上下文选择词义 英语中同一个词,同一词类,在不同场合往往有不同的含义,常常 要求译者根据上下文的联系,以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词 义。 (1). Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 (2). Noises may develop in a worn engine. 磨损了的引擎里可能会产生各种噪声。 (3). Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn. 绝缘被磨损时往往会发生短路。 (4). Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease. 果然,80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。
Chapter Two Translation of Words
1. 词义的选择 四、根据学科和专业选择词义 在英语中,同一个词在不同的学科领域或不同的专 业中往往具有不同的词义。因此,在选择词义时,应考 虑到阐述内容所涉及的概念属于哪种学科、何种专业。 以英语名词carrier为例: 邮政业:“邮递员” 军事:“航空母舰” 运输业:“搬运工” 化学:“载体” 医药学:“带菌者,媒介物” 车辆制造:“底盘” 无线电:“载波” 机械行业:“托架,传 导管”
Chapter Two Translation of Words
1. 词义的选择
二、根据上下文选择词义 英语中同一个词,同一词类,在不同场合往往有不同的含义,常常要求译者 根据上下文的联系,以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 (5). Other isolation methods are being developed. 目前正在研究其他隔离方法。 (6). In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing. 在进行设计时,必须考虑加工的可能性。 (7). After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers. 战后,这项知识大量地应用于研制计算机。 (8). They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identical heredity. 他们列举了一些这样的事例:在不同的家庭抚养的一对双胞胎尽管遗传特性完 全相同,但会显示出完全不同的个性。
Chapter Two Translation of Words
1. 词义的选择 三、根据词的搭配选择词义 We know the person by the company he keeps. 英语的一词多义往往也体现在词与词的搭配上。不同搭配方式,可以产 生不同的词义。 以Idle为例: idle capacity 备用容量 idle coil闲圈 idle current无功电流 idle frequency中心频率 idle motion空转 idle roll传动轧辊 idle wheel(gear)惰轮 idle contact间隔接点 idle space 有害空间 idle stroke 慢行程 再以large为例: large current 强电流 large pressure高电压 large loads重载 large capacity 高容量 large growing生长快的 large-screen receiver宽屏电视接收机 a large amount of electric power大量的电力
Chapter Two Translation of Words
1. 词义的选择
一、根据词类选择词义 根据词类来选择词义的方法照顾要是针对一些兼类词,因为这些词在句中 所承担的成分不同,其词性不同,词义也不同。因此要选择正确的词义,首先 要确定该词在句中属于哪一种词类,然后再进一步确定其词义。 (1). The thickness of a tooth measured along the pitch circle is one half the circular pitch. 沿着圆所测得的厚是周节的一半。(measure是及物动词,意为“测量”) (2). The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale. 这次地震级为6.5里氏震级。(measure是系动词,意为“为”) (3). We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed. 我们必须考虑一下如果床层意外崩塌应采取什么措施。(measure是名词,复 数时意为“措施”)