2019上海虹口区高三英语二模试卷
2019上海虹口区高三英语二模试卷（word版）考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在谷题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. On a plane.C. On a bus.D. In a department store.2.A. He is suffering a pain in the neck.B. His roommate walks in his sleep.C. His roomm ate’s bed is always in a mess.D. He doesn’t like sharing a room with anyone.3.A. The woman was fully absorbed in the movie.B. The woman lost her way to the cinema that evening.C. The woman couldn’t understand the movie very well.D. The movie was no better than what the woman had imagined.4.A. $160.B. $50. C. $120.D. $150.5.A. He really likes his wife’s new hairstyle.B. His wife didn’t take his sensible advice.C. He didn’t want to cut his wife’s long hair.D. His wife often complains about everything.6.A. Puzzled.B. Regretful.C. Angry.D. Relieved.7.A. A job offer. B. An entry form.C. An excellent résumé.D. The position of system engineer.8.A. Mr. James talks a lot about gardening.B. Mr. James likes boasting of his cleverness.C. The woman is not interested in what Mr. James says.D. Mr. James isn’t very straightforward in what he says.9. A. The elderly are expert at using apps.B. The elderly don’t know how to use apps.C. The elderly can help to develop smart apps.D. The app developer s can’t afford to ignore the elderly.10.A. Mr. Johnson’s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson’s views.C. He has his own opinions on social welfare.D. Mr. Johnson is skillful in expressing his ideas.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In multi-cultural countries.B. In developing countries.C. In developed countries.D. In densely-populated countries.12. A. Lack of communication facilities.B. Temporary shelter.C. Power failure.D. No access to recreation.13. A. Features of different types of poverty.B. Approaches to poverty eliminatio n.C. Changes in three poverty categories.D. Ways to calculate the poverty line.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Because of the course materials.B. Because of the discussion topics.C. Because of others’ misuse of technology.D. Because of a rule the speaker made for his class.15.A. The speaker’s history class received low assessment.B. The students think highly of the speaker’s history class.C. The speaker made the rule because he was against technology.D. The speaker made the rule just because of his unpleasant experiences.16.A. It may improve teaching and offer more help.B. It may allow students to get on well with each other.C. It may distract students from being involved in class.D. It may help students to better understand complex themes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. She bumped into a coffee table.B. She chatted with the cafe owner.C. She talked with someone she knew.D. She was listening to a lively debate.18.A. Newspapers were given out to customers.B. An entrance fee was charged for getting in.C. It was the meeting place for debating clubs.D. It was first started in Oxford in the 16th century.19.A. Partly right.B. Extremely interesting.C. Very unfair.D. A bit unreasonable.20.A. By providing free laptops for use.B. By making sofas comfortable to sit on.C. By engaging them in stimulating conversation.D. By transporting customers to various destinations.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work. (21) ______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22) ______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you (23) ______ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do wit h food or exercise. The experts at Weight Watchers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24) ______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25) ______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26) ______ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27) ______ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28) ______ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “Th e support of a communi ty has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29) ______ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30) ______ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a communit y of people who are on similar journeys to them.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can afford and it is very conveni ent for them to use. Therefore, the impact of the loss of their bike can be __31__. But wh y is cycle theft so often seen as a minor crime?According to the police, 96,210 bikes were stolen in 2018, and about one in 50 bicycle-owning households fall __32__ to cycle theft each year. Those who can afford a second bike might have a “beater”, a cheap bike they leave in__33__ areas, and can afford to lose — but those who cannot make both ends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by bike theft.According to a survey for Bike Register, 50% of victims felt police didn’t investigate the crime, while those __34__ in cycle theft see it as low risk in terms of being caught. P olice recover just 3% of stolen bikes. In fact, the problem is almost certainly much greater : People often don’t report it thinking there’s nothing the police can do, so the full __35_ _ of the problem remains hidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton, Bristol, etc. Most cycle thefts occur near or in people’s homes, but thieves also __36__ transport hubs (中心，枢纽) and university campuses. In the meantime, the police have come up with a way to __37__ the issue. Training 23 officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cycle crime strategy, __38__ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websites where more than half of stolen bikes are sold, and identifying cycle theft __39__ and priorities.If a bike is stolen, there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing their transport, exercise, and potential access to local communities and service. It is widely accepted that police’s __40__ e ffort is fundamental to a drop in cycle theft.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机) hold huge __41__ in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade __42__ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to __43__ the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help __44__: drones can circle high above the ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify memb ers of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done —but it’s in a(n)__45__ way. As technologygets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. __46__, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university __47__. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a(n) __48__ to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) ‘unknown’ of engineering, and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “Students are taught about __49__ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly __50__ and focused on getting photos.”Wich’s team of researchers used techniques to develop a ful ly automated drone technology system that __51__and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it __52__ without technical backgrou nd. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds of researchers’ lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm (算法) specifically for their preservation or research problem. “There’s much that needs t o be done to __53__ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who can’t program can still use the technology,” Wich says.__54__, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengras s warns. “As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wild places. Preservationists are __55__ for not doing enough but it’s often an issue of people, conflict and governance.” Technology may help provide far greater knowledge, but governments still need to act.41.A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42.A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43.A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44.A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45.A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46.A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47.A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49.A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50.A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51.A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52.A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54.A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55.A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Different Kind of Spring BreakFor many American university students, the week-long spring break holiday means an endless part on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of approximately 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States.American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to address problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good at.During one spring break week, students at James Madison University in Virginia participated in 15 “alternative spring break” trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States, and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to help rebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for children living in a homeless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand. They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining roving invasive plant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem.Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or church, or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hot spot.56. How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break?A. Around 36,000.B. Around 50,000.C. Around 500,000.D. Around 10,000.57. The underlined word“binge” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. doing too much of somethingB. studying for too longC. refusing to do somethingD. having very little alcohol58. Which of the following gives the main idea of the third paragraph?A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane.B. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities.C. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring break trips.D. University students do different types of work on alternative spring break trips.59. What is implied in this article is that ______.A. university students spend more than $250 for traditional spring break tripsB. university students complain about the accommodations on alternative spring break tripsC. university students may take fewer alternative spring break trips in the futureD. university students would prefer to wait until they have their degrees to start helping people(B)Cropping (修剪) an Image With the Snap Shot Program Welcome to the world of photo-editing!Cropping an image allows you to zero in on (对准，聚焦) just the portion that is important to your project. For example, you may want to insert an image of a covered train in a report but may not want to include the whole train. Cropping the image allows you to select only the small area you wish to retain (保留) and eliminate all other portions of the original picture.Option 1: Cropping by Placing the Image in a ShapeUsing one of Snap Shot’s standard shapes as a photo-editing tool requires no special abilit ies. To crop an image with a standard shape:a. Click Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menu.b. Click to select one of the six shapes to frame your image.c. Use the mouse pointer to draw a frame around the portion of the image you wish toretain. Re-size the frame by dragging the shape’s sizing handles. When you are satisfied with the results, click Cut It.d. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open. (You may also copyor cut the cropped image and paste it into another application.)Option 2: Freehand Cropping of an ImageIf you want to trace the shape of an object in order to crop out everything else, freehand c ropping is the way to go. To crop an image freehand:a. Click Freehand Crop from the Cropping & Orientation option onthe Effects menu.b. Using the mouse pointer, trace around the shape you want to crop. Be sure tocompletely enclose the image by ending at the same place you began outlining.c. Click Cut It. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. describe the features of Snap ShotB. explain how to use Snap Shot to select sections of a pictureC. show that Snap Shot is an easy tool to useD. discuss how to use the features of Snap Shot61. To perform Option 2, one should first ______.A. select the imageB. use the mouse pointer to draw a frameC. select Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menuD. re-size the frame by dragging the sizing handles on the shape62. Why is freehand cropping discussed after cropping with shapes?A. To introduce a simpler technique before moving on to a more complex one.B. To proceed from a more useful technique to one with fewer practical applications.C. To order the options alphabetically.D. To arrange the text, making space for the screen shots.(C)Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The Americ an Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organizatio n is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day’s events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英), so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite. The alarming distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums (讨论会) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrow ly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.63. What is the passage mainly about?A. Needs of the readers all over the world.B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.64. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat conflictingC. very informativeD. rather shallow65. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.A. working attitudeB. traditional lifestyleC. world outlookD. educational background66. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and genderSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “(67)______” s ays Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner sa ys it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common co ld during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.(68)______Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. (69)______ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “(70)______”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t h elp but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative e vents will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally.“We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wr ong.”O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that o ptimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s o ptimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the opt imism or the good health.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步。
2019-2020学年上海虹口区教育学院实验中学高三英语二模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海虹口区教育学院实验中学高三英语二模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new?Check out one of these hot new restaurants.Fast BestFast food doesn't have to be junk food, as this café proves. Do you fancy a really good hamburger made with the best ingredients, or old-fashioned fish and chips fried to perfection, all on the table in super-quick time? Speed and quality are important here, and the prices aren't bad either.Your Local Caff (小餐馆)Remember when cafés served full English breakfasts—sausages, beans, fried bread, bacon and eggs—with a strong cup of tea? Well, this place still does and you can have your breakfast at any time you like during the day while you listen to your favourite tunes from the 1980s.Last Days of the RajA centrally located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are lamb and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot!The Chocolate BoxThe owner of this small café used to cook all kinds of food, but then she realised she preferred desserts to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don't come here. They only do desserts! Lots of different kinds of sweets. Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes.1.Fast Best suits a person ______.A.who has a sweet toothB.who loves spicy foodC.who wants to have good breakfastD.who gets 30 minutes off for lunch2.Which is true about Last Days of the Raj?A.You can listen to great music in it.B.It serves hot food with pepper.C.It serves an all-day breakfast.D.It is prefect for vegetarians.3.Which restaurant serves only desserts and sweets?A.Fast Best.B.Your Local Caff.st Days of the Raj.D.The Chocolate Box.BFlying someone one-way fromLondontoNew Yorkproduces nearly a ton ofcarbon dioxide or CO2. That's alot of this climate-warming greenhouse gas. But there are ways to cut the climate impact of flying, one of which is to ask planes to surf high-altitude winds every chance they get.It's not something they've been allowed to do. But that may change—and soon.Most jets crossing the Atlantic Ocean follow one of several fixed paths that are widely spaced because radar (雷达) had not been able to track aircraft everywhere above the Atlantic. But a new network of satellites could soon change that.Wells was part of a team inEnglandthat calculated the fastest possible routes for passenger planes. According to them , traveltime a plane takes when flying across theAtlanticvaries with the winds that a plane meets. For instance, eastbound (向东的) flights can get a powerful push. Westbound routes miss that benefit. Faster flights burn less fuel. And less burning gives off fewergreenhouse gases.The airline industry knows it has a high " carbon footprint." But it takes decades and many billions of dollars to design, test and fly new planes. Changing a flight path, in contrast, can cut costs and energy right away.The new study doesn't show how well such wind surfing would work for all planes, in all skies and the world over. Bui it does suggest that making flight routes more flexible could cut both fuel use and CO2in some places.However, if flight times vary depending on the wind, scheduling connecting flights and managing runways and gates would become more complicated. The researchers would have to work out the best flight paths that take such scheduling issues into consideration. They may also want to see if flying at different altitudes gives a wider choice of flexible routes at the times most people want to fly.National Air Traffic Services (NATS) which provides air-traffic control for theUnited Kingdomsaid it would temporarily disband its flight-paths system and work to allow airlines to choose flexible routes that would best limit their fuel use.4. What happens to east bound flights when crossing theAtlantic?A. They consume more fuel.B. They use less time and energy.C. They produce more greenhouse gases.D. They are against a stronger wind.5. What should be done to make adopting flexible flight routes possible?A. Calculating the flight time.B. Finding the best flight paths.C. Adjusting the size of jets.D. Adding more runways and gates.6. Which word can best replace the underlined word "disband” in the last paragraph?A. Stop.B. Copy.C. Handle.D. Restore.7. What can we infer from the text?A. Planes are producing the most carbon dioxide.B. New fuel is benefiting airline industries greatly.C. Carbon footprint is a serious problem in theUK.D. Surfing the winds can make air travel greener.CSome of the oldest art in human history is being damaged, scientists say. And climate change may be speeding up its loss. Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time, as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls. It's a huge loss for human history.Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem, the study suggests. These salt crystals go into the cave walls, changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall. This process causes the rock to slowly break down.Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought. These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the climate continues to warm.In particular, the researchers say, climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future. These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino, a natural climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.The new study, led by Jillian Huntley, examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites. It's merely a small part There are more than 300 known eave art sites around the region. The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem, adding that climate change is a growing threat, one that deserves more attention.8. What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?A. Weather patterns.B. Salt crystals.C. Wet conditions.D. Drought Periods.9. Which of the following may researchers agree with?A. El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.B. Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.D. Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size.10. Which word best describes Huntley's attitude to climate change?A. Worried.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Positive.11. What can we learn from thelast paragraph?A. The formation and patterns of salt crystals.B. The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.C. The historical value of ancient rock art in cave sites.D. The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.DAlthough computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.The potential benefits of handwriting for memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer one question: How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering new information?In all,24 participants took part. Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants' brainwaves. The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that writing turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didn't.Audrey van der Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, we remember better. “This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Van der Meer also points out that writing by hand is related to visual notetaking. “Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be interlinked by boxes, arrows and small drawings,” she adds.This study does not recommend banning digital devices. In fact, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modern society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those withcertain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.12. Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?A. To record their brainwavesB. To inform them of their tasksC. To allow them to focus on writingD. To protect their heads like hair nets13. What does Audrey van der Meer try to explain?A. Why handwriting is more complex than typingB. Why the brain works when it comes to learningC. Why handwriting helps remember informationD. Why key words are helpful to visual notetaking14. What is the study's authors' view on typing?A. It relieves people's handsB. It remains vital and helpfulC. It is not worth recommendingD. It is more challenging than writing15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. How Can You Remember New Information?B. Handwriting Benefits Health in the LongRunC. Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?D. Handwriting Is Better for Memory Than Typing第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海虹口区2019年高三上第二次分层练习试题--英语(a卷)
上海虹口区2019年高三上第二次分层练习试题--英语（a卷）2018.12考生注意：1.本试卷分为第一卷〔第1-10页〕和第二卷〔11页〕两部分。
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第I卷〔105分〕I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetwe entwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeask edaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespo kenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit, readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.〔〕1.A.1280yuan.B.640yuan.C.1920yuan.D.200yuan 〔〕2.A.Atthepostoffice.B.Atthebookstore.C.Atthebank.D.Atthesupermarket〔〕3.A.Heoftengetslost.B.He’ssurprisedhecouldn’tfindthehotel.C.Hedoesn’tknowwherethehotelis.D.He’drathergotoanotherhotel.〔〕4.A.Tobuyacoat.B.Totryonanewcoat.C.Tolendmoneytothewoman.D.Toborrowsomemoneyfromthewoman〔〕5.A.Hercook. B.Herwaiter.C.Herfriend.D.Herhusband.〔〕6.A.Thewomanhadn’tsentathank-younote.B.Thewomanhadn’tnoticedhim.C.Thewomanhadn’tgothisnote.D.Thewomanhadlefthimanote.〔〕7.A.Intheoffice.B.Inthedinninghall.C.Athome.D.Inthelab.〔〕8.A.Heattendedthemeeting.B.Hewaslateforthemeeting.C.Hewasdelayedbythefog.D.Hedidn’tattendthemeeting.〔〕9.A.ItalianB.GermanC.ChineseD.Japanese〔〕10.A.OnTuesdayB.OnWednesdayC.OnMondayD.OnThursdaySectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwil lbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbe readtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaq uestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhich onewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard. Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.〔〕11.A.MoneyB.WorkingexperienceC.SocialexperienceD.Rewardfromparents〔〕12.A.servers,cashiers,lifeguardsB.waiters,lifeguards,guidesC.servers,cashiers,guidesD.waiters,lifeguards,cashiers〔〕13.A.FormalqualificationB.ImaginationandpassionC.WorkingexperiencesD.RichknowledgeoncomputersQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.〔〕14.A.heartdiseaseB.cancerC.tuberculosisD.malaria〔〕15.A.27millionB.17millionC.12millionD.7million〔〕16.A.EnvironmentpollutionB.HighfatdietsC.LessphysicalactivityD.SmokingcigarettesSectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillbeartwolongerconversations.The conversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,y ouarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyou haveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation. Completetheform.Write ONEWORD foreachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation. Completetheform.Write NOMORETHANTHREEWORDS foreachanswer.SectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourch oicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthe sentence.〔〕25.______theirreturnfromspace,theastronautsarethoughtofasna tionalheroes.A.OnB.ByC.AtD.With〔〕26.Shanghaiisn’twhatitusedtobenow.Thelastdecade______greatchangesinthecityimages.A.witnessedB.waswitnessedC.haswitnessedD.hadwitnessed〔〕27.Allanwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy,sowhodoyouadvise______h isposition?A.tobetakingB.totakeC.takingD.taken〔〕28.–Tom,Idon’tthinkyoushouldusethedictionarywhilereadingEnglishnovels. --No,Ishouldn’t,butI______dowithoutit.Youknow,myvocabularyissosmall.A.won’tB.wouldn’tC.can’tD.needn’t〔〕29.Thefactthattheirclasslostthegameby2to4disappointedthemgr eatly,______?A.doesn’titB.didn’tyouC.didn’ttheyD.didn’tit〔〕30.Amongthosepresents______aniPadthatherparentsgaveheratthe birthdayparty.A.hasincludedB.areincludedC.isincludedD.haveincluded〔〕31.TheactressputonaCinderelladressandbecamequite______perso nonthestage.A.theotherB.otherC.eachD.another〔〕32.Itwasalreadyearlymorning______thelosttouristwasrescuedan dreachedthedestination.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.since〔〕33.NevercanyouimaginethedifficultyIhad______himtogiveuphisi mpracticalidea.A.persuadeB.topersuadeC.persuadedD.persuading〔〕34.Severalyearsago,TomhadavisittoChina,wherehelearned______ wasthebestwaytomakeChineseknots.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how〔〕35.Whatweappreciatedtheotherdaywassuchararepainting______we ’dneverseenbefore.A.asB.thatC.whenD.what〔〕36.ThecomputerIputherejustnowistheoneI’dliketohave______bythecomputerengineer.A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.toberepaired〔〕37.Itwasn’tuntilyesterdaywhenhecameback______hegottoknowwhathadhappen ed.A.whenB.whereC.howD.that〔〕38.______heoftenfailstoachievesalestasksontimemakeshisbossn otalittleangry.A.ThatB.SinceC.WhenD.Why〔〕39.______howtocarryoutthecomplicatedexperiment,Erickturnedt oProfessorSmithforhelp.A.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.Havingnotknown〔〕40.______hewasthelastpersonshewantedtosee,shedidallshecould tohelphim.A.NowthatB.WhileC.AsD.Onlyif SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsintheb ox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethan youneed.A.consumerB.increasingC.appliancesD.customersE.continuingF.locatedG.changesH.unusualI.impersonalJ.disappearedDrivethroughanyAmericancityorsuburb,andyouwillseelarges paceswherehugestoresaregroupedtogether,sometimesevenunderon eroof.Thesightofsuchlargestoreswouldhavebeen__41__forourgra ndparents,whoshoppedinsmallneighborhoodstores.Theseshopping areasreflectsomemajor__42__inAmericansociety.Theconstructionofnewsupermarketsandshoppingcentershasbe en__43__overthepastfortyyears.Supermarketscontinuetoappearb ecausetheyofferthe__44__awiderchoiceofproductsinoneplace—anythingfromfoodtosmall__45__.Becauseofthelargeamountofgood ssold,supermarketscanofferlowerpricesthansmallneighborhoods torescan.Theconvenienceandvalueoflargestoresandshoppingarea shavemadethemabasicpartofthewayAmericansshop.Withtheriseofsupermarketsandshoppingcenters,Americansoc ietyhashadsomechanges.Manysmallneighborhoodstoreshave__46__ ,drivenoutofbusinessbythelargestores.NowAmericansusecarseve nmoreinordertogettoandcarryproductsfromtheshoppingcenters,w hichare__47__fartherfrommanyhomes.Anotherchangeis;Americans arenowmoreisolated.Intheneighborhoodstore,theownerknewabout the__48__andtheirfamilies.Peopleintheneighborhoodcouldgatherandtalkthere.NowAmericansshopinhugespaces,wherenooneknowsa nyoneelse.Sosupermarketshavemadeshoppingmore__49__.Itisclea rthatthenumberofsupermarketsandlargeshoppingareasisstillinc reasing.Thepatternof“biggerisbetter”willprobablycontinueintothefuture.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwor dsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphra sethatbestfitsthecontext.Oneday,apoorboywhowastryingtopayhiswaythroughschoolbyse llinggoodsdoortodoorfoundthatheonlyhad onedime〔一角钱〕left.Hewashungrysohedecidedto__50__amealatthenexthouse.Howe ver,helosthis nerve〔勇气〕whenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.Insteadofamealheaskedfor adrinkofwater.Shethoughthelooked__51__soshebroughthimalarge glassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchdoI__52__you?”“Nothing,”shereplied.“Mymotherhastaughtmeneverto__53__payforakindness.”Hesaid,“ThenIthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.”AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,hefeltstrongerphysically,butitalsoincreasedhisfaithinthehumanrace.Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.Thelocaldoct orswere baffled〔被难住〕.Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity,wherespecialistswerecal ledintostudyherrare__54__.DrHowardKelly,nowfamous,was__55__ fortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,h eimmediatelyrosefromthechairandwentdownthroughthe__56__hall towardsherroom.Dressedinhisdoctor’sgownhewentintoseeher.He__57__heratonce.Hewentbacktothecons ultationroom,__58__todohisbesttosaveherlife.Fromthatdayon,h egavespecialattentiontohercase.Afteralongstruggle,the__59__ waswon.DrKellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbillt ohimforapproval.Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside. The__60__wassenttoherroom.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewas __61__thatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff.__62__,shel ooked,andthenoteonthesideofthebill__63__herattention.Sherea dthesewords...“Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk.”〔Signed〕DrHowardKellyTearsofjoy__64__hereyesasshesawit.Shewasgratefulthatlov ecouldspreadthroughhumanheartsandhands.〔〕50.A.payfor B.intendfor C.seekforD.begfor〔〕51.A.disappointed B.hungry C.seriousD.embarrassed〔〕52.A.return B.owe C.cost D.take〔〕53.A.accept B.earn C.make D.obtain 〔〕54.A.medicine B.phenomenon C.behaviorD.disease〔〕55.A.takenin B.referredtoC.calledinD.focusedon〔〕56.A.diningB.hospital C.town D.business 〔〕57.A.treatedB.appreciated C.noticed D.recognized 〔〕58.A.related B.obliged C.determined D.intended 〔〕59.A.battle petition C.diseaseD.treatment〔〕60.A.recipeB.bill C.document D.debt〔〕61.A.positiveB.uncertain C.negative D.confident 〔〕62.A.BynomeansB.Inreality C.AsaresultD.Intheend 〔〕63.A.paidB.fixed C.caught D.affected 〔〕64.A.floodedB.blockedC.closedD.flewSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemth erearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestac cordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.〔A〕It’snosecretthatmostbusyAmericanmothersusetheTVsetasalive-inba bysitter.Insomehouseholdsthetubeholdsachild’sattentionfortheoddhalfhourortwowhilemomworksondinner;inoth ersitisthechild’sconstantdaytimecompanion.Isthereanyharminthis?Debatecontinuesviolentlyoverthequestion,andatintervalsresearchispublishe dshowingthatTVreducesattention span〔范围〕,makeschildrenjumpyorleadsthemtoviolence.Intoday’scartoon,DavidHorseymakesfunoftheclaimsof“children’sTV”,thespecialprogrammingthatsupposedlyusesentertainmentt ohelpyoungsterstolearntoreadandtaketheirfirststepsinthebig, variedworldoutsidetheirfamily.Whatdochildrenreallygetfromth isprogramming?Horsey’ssuspectingisthatchildren’sprogrammingchieflyturnskidsintoTVaddicts,notintoreadersorh appymixers.The toddler〔初学走路的孩子〕inthecartoon,stillattheageof pacifiers〔橡皮奶嘴〕andstuffedanimals,isheld spellbound〔入迷〕bythefigureonthescreen.Whatisthestimulatingmessageofthiscre aturespecificallydesignedtofascinatesmallchildren?“CanyousayTV?”Thesoonerthekidlearnstheword,themoreeffectivelyhecanremindh ismothertoturnontheTV.AchildhookedonTVisavieweropentocommercialmessages,andth ereareplentyofthosetargetingchildrenofallages.Thus,atthever yleast,mom’ssearchforpeaceandquietsetsthestageforherchild’s transformation〔变化〕intoanAmericanconsumer—and,ofcourse,soaksup timethatcouldbeusedforother,perhapsmore desirable,transformations.〔〕65.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“soaksup”inParagraph4mean?A.takesinB.getsinC.setsupesup〔〕66.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis NOT theinfluen ceonchildrenbroughtbyTV?A.Payinglessattentiontoothermessages.B.Beingclosetoviolence.C.Gainingpracticalknowledge.D.Formingconsumingawareness.〔〕67.WhatinformationcanwegetfromDavidHorsey’scartoon? A.Children’sTVprogramscanteachchildrenhowtopronouncesomewordseffective ly.B.LittlechildrenareaddictedtoChildren’sTVprogramswhichareactuallynotinstructional.C.AmericanparentsdependtoomuchonTVtohelpeducatetheirchildre n.D.Thesechildren’sTVprogramscanmaketoddlersquietandsparetimeformomstowork. 〔〕68.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’stonetoparents’usingTVtosearchforpeace?A.Positive.B.Appreciated.C.Supportive.D.Concerned. 〔B〕〔〕69.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtouseacomputer,youhadbetteraskforthepositionof_____ __.A.asecretaryinNESTLEB.aproductionworkerinNESTLEC.aseniorengineerinTHYSSEND.acostaccountantinTHYSSEN〔〕70.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_______.A.THYSSENisasuccessfulcompanywithmanybranchesB.NESTLEisacompanyonlyproducingchemicalproductsC.NESTLEasksforgoodcommandofEnglishineveryPositionD.THYSSENneedsaseniorsalesmanagertosellitsproductsinAsia 〔〕71.Asagraduatefromuniversitythisyear,youcanprobablygetajoba s_______.A.acostaccountantinTHYSSENB.apurchaserinTHYSSENC.asecretaryinNESTLED.anaccountantinNESTLE〔C〕Childrenstartoutasnaturalscientists,eagertolookintothew orldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy;there’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.Youo nlyhavetoshareyourchildren’scuriosity.Firstly,listentotheirquestions.Ioncevisitedaclas sroomofseven-year-oldstotalkaboutscienceasajob.Thechildrena skedme“textbookquestions”aboutschooling,salaryandwhetherIlikedmyjob.WhenIfinishedans wering,wesatfacingoneanotherinsilence.FinallyIsaid,“Nowthatwe’refinishedwithyourlists,doyouhavequestionsofyourownaboutsci ence?”Afteralongpause,aboyraisedhishand,“Haveyoueverseena grasshopper〔蚱蜢〕eat?WhenItryeatingleaveslikethat,Igetastomachache.Why?”Thisbeganasetofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohours.Secondly,givethemtimetothink.Studiesoverthepast30yearsh aveshownthat,afteraskingaquestion,adultstypicallywaitonlyon esecondorlessforananswer,notimeforachildtothink.Whenadultsi ncreasetheir“waittime”tothreesecondsormore,childrengivemorelogical,completeandcre ativeanswers.Thirdly,watchyourlanguage.Onceyouhaveachildinvolvedinas ciencediscussion,don’tjumpinwith“That’sright”or“Verygood”.Thesewordsworkwellwhenitcomestoencouraginggood behavior.Butintalkingaboutscience,quickpraisecansignalthatd iscussionisover.Instead,keepthingsgoingbysaying“That’sinteresting.”or“I’dneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore.”orcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.Neverpushachildto“Think”.Itdoesn’tmakesense,childrenarealwaysthinking,withoutyourtellingthem to.What’smore,thiscanturnaconversationintoaperformance.Thechildwill trytofindtheansweryouwant,inasfewwordsaspossible,sothathewi llbeasmallertargetforyourdisagreement.Lastly,show;don’ttell.Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethana nylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.Letch ildrenlookattheirfingertipsthrougha magnifyingglass〔放大镜〕,andthey’llunderstandwhyyouwantthemtowashbeforedinner.Ratherthansayi ngthatwater evaporates〔蒸发〕,setapotofwatertoboilandletthemwatchthewaterleveldrop. 〔〕72.Accordingtothepassage,childrenarenaturalscientists,andto raisetheirinterest,themostimportantthingforadultstodois_______.A.toletthemseetheworldaroundB.tosharethechildren’scuriosityC.toexplaindifficultphrasesaboutscienceD.tosupplythechildrenwithlabequipment〔〕73.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“lists”couldbestbereplacedby______.A.anyquestionsB.anyproblemsC.questionsfromtextbooksD.anynumberofquestions〔〕74.Accordingtothepassage,childrencananswerquestionsinamorel ogical,completeandcreativewayifadults________.A.askthemtoanswerquicklyB.waitforoneortwosecondsafteraquestionC.tellthemtoanswerthenextdayD.waitatleastforthreesecondsafteraquestion〔〕75.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingtechniquesforadultstos harewiththeirchildren’scuriosityexceptthatadultsshould________.A.telltheirchildrenstoriesinsteadofrecitingfactsB.offertheirchildrenchancestoseethingsforthemselvesC.bepatientenoughwhentheirchildrenanswerquestionsD.encouragetheirchildrentoaskquestionsoftheirownSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitablehead ingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudo notneed.A.ExtensiveUseofLieDetectorsB.UnreliabilityofLiesC.ProblemswithQuestionsD.DoubtsagainsttheUseofLieDetectorsE.Error-freeLieDetectorsF.WorkingPrinciplesofLieDetectors76._________________ AscredibilityandtrusthavedeclinedinAmericansociety,thepopul arityofliedetectorshasincreased.Oncelimitedtolawenforcement applications,liedetectors〔alsocalledpolygraphs〕cametoberoutinelyusedbycorporations,banks,andevenfast-foodc hainstoquestionjobapplicantsabouttheirhonestyinpastjobs.In1 983,PresidentReaganorderedpolygraphtestsofcertainfederalemp loyeesinanefforttoplugleakstothepressofclassifiedorembarrassinginformation.77._________________ Thegrowinguseofthepolygraphresultedincontroversialquestion: Whatdoesaliedetectormeasure?Isitonlytheactoftellingaliethat producesthetelltalepatternsofinkedlinesongraphpaper?Orcanot herfactors,suchasemotionalreactionstothecontentofthequestio nsorthetestingsituationitself,causetruthfulpeopletoappearto beliars?78._________________LieDetectorsdonotregisterlies;theyrelyonthefactthatemotions andinnerconflictaretypicallyaccompaniedbyphysiologicalchang es.Whenapersonlies,therearechangesinbloodpressure,inbreathi ng,andintheresistanceoftheskintoelectricalcurrent,knownasga lvanicskinresponse.Thereisnosinglepatternofresponsesuniquet olying,however;thepatternvariesfrompersontoperson.79._________________ Theformandmixofthequestionsisakeytotheexamination.Atypicals etofquestionsincludesjustafewthatarecritical:“DidyoutakemoneyforthecashregisterontheeveningofJuly21?”Therestarecontrolquestions,designedtobeanswereddishonestlye venifthesubjectistellingthetruthabouttherelevantquestions.F orexample,toacontrolquestionsuchas“Haveyouevertakenanythinginyourlife?”Evenmosttruthfulpeoplewillchoosetolie,giventhecircumstances ,sincejustabouteveryonehasstolensomethingsometime.Polygraph examinersassumethatanotherwisetruthfulpersonwillreactmorest ronglytothecontrolquestions,whileanuntruthfulpersonwillreac tmorestronglytotherelevantones.80._________________LieDetectorsarefarfromerrorfree.Figuresvarywidely,butaccord ingtooneestimate,examinationsinthefieldcorrectlyidentifyabo ut75percentofthoselying.Unfortunately,about49percentofthose tellingthetrutharealsoidentifiedaslying.Onemajorsourceoferr oristhefactthatgalvanicskinresponsechangesinreactiontoallki ndsofemotions,notjustthoseconnectedwithdeception.Whensomeon eisaskedifheorshecommittedamurder,theliedetectorislikelytoj ump.Ofcourse,thismayreflectguilt,butitmayalsoreflectanxiety ,fear,orhate—allpossiblereactionstobeingquestionedaboutamurder. SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsor completethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Thegreatestrecentsocialchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen inAmerica,orprobablyintheworld.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningofthetimeofawoman’slifespentincaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendoftheni neteenthcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,and wouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfiveliv edtilltheywerefiveyearsold.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,t hemotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttolivea furthertwentyyears,duringwhichhealthmadeitunusualforhertoge uall yawoman‘syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandcanbeexp ectedtoliveanotherthirty-fiveyearsandislikelytotakepaidwork until retirement〔退休〕atsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightened bymodernlivingconditions.Thisimportantchangeinwomen’slife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen ‘seconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolsatt hefirstchance,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.However,whenth eymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Tod aytheschool-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolaftert hatage,andthoughwomenusuallymarryyounger,moremarriedwomenst ayatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofullorpart-timework.Suchchangeshaveledt oanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreater shareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylife,andwiththeboth husbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunn ingthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem. 〔Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHA NEIGHTWORDS.〕81.Atwhatagedidmostwomengetmarriedinthelatenineteenthcentur y?82.Whenshewasoverfifty,itwashardforthelatenineteenth-centur ymother_______becauseofpoorhealth.83.Whycanawomantodaystilltakecareofherchildreninadditiontot akingpaidwork?84.Of“suchchanges”today,oneisthatmanymoremothers_______aftertheirfirstchildis born.第二卷〔共45分〕I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingt hewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.孩子们似乎对那里的一切都感兴趣。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--语法填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work.(21)______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22)_______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you (23)_______ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Wat chers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24)_______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25)______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26)______ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27)______ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28)______ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29)______ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30)______ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Keys: 21. Whether 22. changing 23. can 24. less discouraged 25. that26. to 27. has launched 28. playing 29. to tap 30. whichⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially (21)______ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows —and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states —the world (22)______ well be headed towards disaster.Many wrongly (23)______(interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an attack on u ncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24)______ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25)______ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.This argument (26)______ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. (27)______ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity — in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor (28)______(influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward“Hothouse Earth” — a situation (29)______ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are (30)______(common) — and more destructive — than ever.Keys:21. what 22. may/might 23. interpreted 24. if 25. to preserve 26. has been ignored 27. But 28. influencing 29. where 30. more common/commonerSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Loui s University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuir e said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s e xactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technologyto students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Keys:21. on 22. am tapping 23. interrupting 24. what 25. are driven26. committed 27. to include 28. in order that 29. that/which 30. ItII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant(少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21) _______(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the “Any Soldier” mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22) _______ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23) _______ (explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24) _______ her children had done---its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25) _______ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26) _______ Ireplied that (27) _______ we were friends, I could not accept her request. “Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?” I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir,” she wrote. “We have never met, but thirty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a car package (28) _______ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.’ The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it (29) _______ (post) on the wall of the school for more than 20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country. We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank-you notes---(30) _______ never know how many people your kindness can touch.Keys: 21. to communicate 22. from 23. explaining 24. what 25. (the) most significantly 26. whom 27. unless 28. addressed 29. has been posted/ was posted 30. youII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate (21) _______ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22) _______ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23) _______ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on (24) _______ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But notjust any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25) _______ some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26) _______ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled（用真假嗓音交替唱）non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer (27) _______ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion（燃烧）engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28) _______ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29) _______ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30) _______ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.Keys:21. concerning 22. what 23. to promote 24. satisfying 25. that26. a 27. restricted 28. with 29. has evolved 30. more likelyⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “clean eating” (21) ______ (double) in the past three yea rs. “They develop particular habits, or won’t eat food when walking, because they think that food can only be eaten when they (22) ______ (seat),” she said.Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. “Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it,” Lambert said. Health bloggers (23)______ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models (24) ______ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Ass ociation, said, “It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren’t the bloggers, then it could be (25) ______ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls.” Philpot said, “At the top of most people’s lists of bad foods includes gluten(麸质) and dairy. (26) ______ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.”The condition starts out as an attempt (27) ______ (eat) more healthily, but those who experienc e it fully focus on food quality and purity. “There may be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating,” Philpot said. “Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, (28) ______ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development.”Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “A lot of young people don’t think they need treatment and there a re too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people (29) ______ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don’t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means (30) ______ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.”Keys:21. has doubled 22. are seated 23. may / might 24. whose 25. someone 26. When / If 27. to eat 28. but/ although / though 29. promoting 30. gettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with yo ur colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours (21) ______ (get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees (22) _______(ask) to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline (23) _______their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, (24) _______the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control-- was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment (25) _______other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?(26) _______ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a (27) ______ (calm) effect, and while it reducesintellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which (28) _______be an important feature of some work tasks.But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out (29) ______since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position (30) ______ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.Keys:21.are getting 22. asked 23. in 24. while 25.where 26.Whichever/Whatever 27.calming 28. can/may 29. that 30.to thinkII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress (21) _________ (capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the (22) _________ (influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years (23) _________(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands (24) _________the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. (25) _________Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time (26) _________ (devote) to Lawrence and herdress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior.(27) _________the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits (28) _________(total)165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, (29) _________success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to (30) _________(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.Keys:21 was captured 22 most influential 23 to come 24. beyond 25 Although26 devoted 27 How 28 totaled 29 whose 30 bettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21)_______ (expect) themed land under construction, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22)_______the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23)_______(announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever,according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26)_______ (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27)_______ Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28)________ allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29)_______ (approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30)________ (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Keys:21. expected 22. Until/Before 23. was announced 24. biggest 25. which 26. transporting 27. where 28. one 29. approaches/is approaching 30. to easeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Going out to Sun Peaks for FunW e went looking for some family ski fun, not too far from greater V ancouver, and we found it and more at Sun Peaks resort, (21) (locate) just 20 minutes outside of Kamloops. Pulling into the village, you feel like you’ve come along a mountainside wonderland (22)_______ two hills. Right away you feel at peace in the mountains.Sun Peaks has two mountains for skiing and boarding, with lots of lift and capacity (23)_______(get) you around. Most accommodations throughout the village are ski-in/ ski-out, so you can park your car once and walk or ski (24)_______ you need to go. Morrisey is on one side, and Todd Mountain on the other, connected by trails and a covered bridge, with skiable ground second in Canada only to Whistler. There is (25)_______for everyone, from snow flying saucer and snowmobile, to mini golf and jungle live CS. During the two days of skiing on the holiday, we never met more than five minutes of lineup, and many times we (26)_______ (run) ourselves with fresh powder.Tubing is right there at the bottom of the main ski hill, perfect for parents who want to have some drinks at Bottoms Bar & Grill (27)_______ the kids keep the fun going into the evening. The village is small and quite, so the kids (28)_______have a lot of freedom to run around and play.Bring your skates! There is an NHL-sized outdoor rink (溜冰场), just a 10 minute walk from the main village. Skate rentals are available, and you can join a game of drop-in hockey, or enjoy a family skate during one of the open ice times (29)________ go well into the evening, under the stars. Check with guest services to see if the rink is open, since it is weather dependent.In the summertime at Sun Peaks, the chairlifts switch up to accommodate mountain bikes and hikers. Downhill biking trails create adventure for those (30)_______ (look) for excitement, and the golf course at Sun Peaks provides hours of great scenic links.Keys:21. located 22. between 23. to get 24. where 25. something26. ran 27. while 28. can 29. that/which 30. lookingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to Learn How to SortWhatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells,newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be (21) _______wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?China (22) _______ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk-in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish(23) _______specific groups.“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer (24) _______(serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage, (25) _______45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it.“Lots of citizens(26) _______(co nfuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted(27) _____ (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.According to Zhang, 70 perc ent of garbage is a“(28) _______(misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of test steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.But all of this is based on the condition(29) _______the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households(30) _______the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.Keys21.nothing 22. has promoted/ has been promoting 23. into 24. serving25. while 26. are confused 27. to be recycled 28. misplaced 29. that 30. where。
2019-2020学年上海虹口高级中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海虹口高级中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening; simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BVolunteer DayWhat better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose which activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.Volunteer Day schedule:7:30am.: Meet at the Community (社区) Center for juice and bagels.8:00—8:30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.9:00 a.m.—3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.A list of volunteer activities:Paint houses: Do you enjoy making art? If so, this volunteer opportunity might be just right for you! Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes, Happy Homes provides volunteer painters torepaint old homes; outside or in. Happy Homes also provides painters to create beautiful wall paintings inside schools or community centers.Plant flowers: Do you enjoy being outside in nature? City Parks Association has many great opportunities for people who love to be outdoors. Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks; help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared with plenty of drinking water!Read to children: Do you enjoy working with young children? Do you like books? Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.Play with animals: Do you love animals? Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned. Play with puppies, snuggle with cats, or hand-feed rabbits.4. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?A. 7:30 a.m..B. 8:00 a.m.C. 8:30 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.5. An outdoor lover probably takes part in ______.A. Plant flowersB. Paint housesC. Read to childrenD. Play with animals6. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?A. Read books to children.B. Spend time with animals.C. Help plant bushes in parks.D. Pick up garbage along the river.7. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. educate childrenB. attract volunteersC. comfort the elderlyD. encourage the disabledCIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you forhours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.8. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.9. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.10. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.11. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt byStinging TreeD“My P.E. teacher taught me maths.”It has been a common joke for years but when a P.E. teacher applied for the head-teacher job, many parents worried that “the joke could come true”. Some parents asked, “Does the P.E. teacher know maths and English?If not, how is he supposed to tutor the students?” But there were still parents who believed P.E. teachers had more time to discipline the students since they didn’t have many classes.This concern is actually a “subject bias”, that is, choosing a P.E. teacher as the head-teacher is not good for the students’ grades since he doesn’t know Chinese, maths, or English. It is acceptable for Chinese teachers, maths teachers and English teachers to be head-teachers because these subjects are important to entrance exams and scores. Such a concern reflects parents’ anxiety in the current educational environment, which tends to link the head-teacher’s responsible subject with the facts whether the school cares about the class and the children’s performances in the subject.Many people care about their kids’ academic performances only. They don’t care about their kids’ P.E. performance at all. Even if kids have P.E. classes, parents care little. P.E. teachers are in humble position and their classes are often occupied by other teachers. Of course, if students, P.E. performance is related to grades and entrance exams, parents won’t mind “a P.E. teacher being the head-teacher”.At the moment, P.E. is gradually included in entrance exams.In terms of high school entrance examination,Guangzhouwill launch a new high school entrance exam which includes P.E. performance and Health examination in 2021, raising the score to 70 points.In terms of the college entrance examination, universities having the right of independent enrollments added P.E. tests to their entrance exams in 2019. This practice is seen as an important signal that the assessment of physical fitness and athletic ability, which are important aspects of a student’s overall quality, may be included in the college entrance examination in the future.We hope that it’s a trend for P.E. teachers, music teachers and art teachers to become head-teachers.12. By saying “My P.E. teacher taught me maths”, what does the author intend to show us?A. It is just a joke that seldom happened in reality.B. P.E. teachers hardly assist students in maths.C. P.E. teachers are good at teaching maths..D. Parents doubt the ability of P.E. teacher.13. We can infer from paragraph 2 that a P.E. teacher .A. is of little benefit for students’ academic performanceB. is humbler than Chinese, math or English teachersC. reflects whether the school cares about the classD. gets unfairly judged due to the current educational system14. Why doesGuangzhouraise proportion of P.E. performance in high school entrance examination?A. To raise students’ awareness of physical health.B. To call on parents to pay attention to P.E. teachers.C. To test the overall ability of high school students.D. To make P.E. teachers equal with other teachers.15. What opinion does the author hold towards P.E. teachers working as head-teachers?A. Neutral.B. Unexpected.C. Supportive.D. Critical.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “___67___” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter month s. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.___68___ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ___69___ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “___70___”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.Keys: 67-70 FEACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.Keys: 67-70 EBDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problem Home delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals t hat are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Keys: 67-70 EFCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.___67___ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ___68___ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ___69___ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ___70___ When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate eq uipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.Keys: 67-70 FCABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ___67___Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ___68___ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s beca use the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ___69___Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said MarcoCastronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ___70___ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Keys: 67-70 FBDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for alicensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. 68 Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? ___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know w hat career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!Keys: 67-70 FBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Venice CarnivalThe annual Venice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______ The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,”marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.Keys: 67-70 BACEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Gettinglikes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___ with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.Keys: 67-70 EACFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ___69___ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Keys: 67-70 D BCEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway （舷梯）of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___67___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your he ad, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___68___ ”Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!”___69___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed, “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___70___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.Keys: 67-70 BCEDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. ___67___. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ___68___To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things. ___69___.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.___70___. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.Keys 67-70 FCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. ___67___Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. ___68____ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. ___69___ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, anddoing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. ___70___Keys: 67-70 DFABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ___67___ The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with“high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ___69___ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.___70___ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.Keys: 67-70 DFACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _____67_____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._____68_____ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _____69_____By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _____70_____ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles —including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open。
精品解析：上海市虹口区2019届高三二模英语试卷(原卷版)
虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. At an airport.B. On a plane.C. On a bus.D. In a department store.2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He is suffering a pain in the neck.B. His roommate walks in his sleep.C. His roommate’s bed is always in a mess.D. He doesn’t like sharing a room with anyone.3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman was fully absorbed in the movie.B. The woman lost her way to the cinema that evening.C. The woman couldn’t understand the movie very well.D. The movie was no better than what the woman had imagined.4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. $160.B. $50.C. $120.D. $150.5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He really likes his wife’s new hairstyle.B. His wife didn’t take his sensible advice.C. He didn’t want to cut his wife’s long hair.D. His wife often complains about everything.6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Puzzled.B. Regretful.C. Angry.D. Relieved.7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A job offer.B. An entry form.C. An excellent résumé.D. The position of system engineer.8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Mr. James talks a lot about gardening.B. Mr. James likes boasting of his cleverness.C. The woman is not interested in what Mr. James says.D. Mr. James isn’t very straightforward in what he says.9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The elderly are expert at using apps.B. The elderly don’t know how to use apps.C. The elderly can help to develop smart apps.D. The app developers can’t afford to ignore the elderly.10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Mr. Johnson’s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agr ees with Mr. Johnson’s views.C. He has his own opinions on social welfare.D. Mr. Johnson is skillful in expressing his ideas.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A.In multi-cultural countries.B. In developing countries.C. In developed countries.D. In densely-populated countries. 12. A. Lack of communication facilities. B. Temporary shelter. C. Power failure. D. No access to recreation. 13. A. Features of different types of poverty. B. Approaches to poverty elimination. C. Changes in three poverty categories. D. Ways to calculate the poverty line. Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14. A. Because of the course materials. B. Because of the discussion topics. C. Because of others’ misuse of technology.D. Because of a rule the speaker made for his class. 15. A. The speaker’s history class received low assessment. B. The students think highly of the speaker’s history class.C. The speaker made the rule because he was against technology. D. The speaker made the rule just because of his unpleasant experiences.16.A. It may improve teaching and offer more help.B. It may allow students to get on well with each other.C. It may distract students from being involved in class.D. It may help students to better understand complex themes.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17.A. She bumped into a coffee table.B. She chatted with the cafe owner.C. She talked with someone she knew.D. She was listening to a lively debate.18.A. Newspapers were given out to customers.B. An entrance fee was charged for getting in.C. It was the meeting place for debating clubs.D. It was first started in Oxford in the 16th century.19.A. Partly right.B. Extremely interesting.C. Very unfair.D. A bit unreasonable.20.A. By providing free laptops for use.B. By making sofas comfortable to sit on.C. By engaging them in stimulating conversation.D. By transporting customers to various destinations.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work. ___21___ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve ___22___ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you ___23___ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Watchers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and ___24___ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback ___25___ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came ___26___ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers ___27___ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while ___28___ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way ___29___ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, ___30___ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Bike Theft Is Not Taken Seriously?For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can afford and it is very convenient for them to use. Therefore, the impact of the loss of their bike can be ___31___. But why is cycle theft so often seen as a minor crime? According to the police,96,210 bikes were stolen in 2018, and about one in 50 bicycle-owning households fall ___32___ to cycle theft each year. Those who can afford a second bike might have a “beater”, a cheap bike they leave in ___33___ areas, and can afford to lose — but those who cannot make both ends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by bike theft.According to a survey for Bike Register, 50% of victims fe lt police didn’t investigate the crime, while those___34___ in cycle theft see it as low risk in terms of being caught. Police recover just 3% of stolen bikes. In fact, the problem is almost certainly much greater: People often don’t report it thinking there’s nothing the police can do, so the full ___35___ of the problem remains hidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton, Bristol, etc. Most cycle thefts occur near or in people’s homes, but thieves also ___36___ transport hubs (中心，枢纽) and university campuses. In the meantime, the police have come up with a way to ___37___ the issue. Training 23 officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cycle crime strategy, ___38___ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websites where more than half of stolen bikes are sold, and identifying cycle theft___39___ and priorities.If a bike is stolen, there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing their transport, exercise, and potential access to local communities and service. It is widely accepted that police’s ___40___ effort is fundamental to a drop in cycle theft.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机) hold huge ___41___ in the fight to save the world’s remain ing wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade ___42___ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to ___43___ the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的) species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help ___44___: drones can circle high above the ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done —but it’s in a(n) ___45___ way. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. ___46___, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university ___47___. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quit e a(n) ___48___ to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) ‘unknown’ of engineering, and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “Students are taught about ___49___ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly ____50____ and focused on getting photos.”Wich’s team of researchers used techniques to develop a fully automated d rone technology system that____51____ and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it ____52____ without technical background. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds of researchers’ lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm (算法) specifically for their preservation or research problem. “There’s much that needs to be done to ____53____ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who can’t program can still use the technology,” Wich says.____54____, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengr ass warns. “As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wild places. Preservationists are ____55____ for not doing enough but it’s often an issue of people, conflict and governance.” Technology may help provide far greater knowledge, but governments still need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. o p ponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46. A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Different Kind of Spring BreakFor many American university students, the week-long spring break holiday means an endless part on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of approximately 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States.A week-long drinking binge is not for everyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to address problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good at.During one spring brea k week, students at James Madison University in Virginia participated in 15 “alternative spring break” trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States, and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to help rebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for children living in a homeless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand. They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining roving invasive plant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem.Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or church, or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hot spot.56. How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break?A. Around 36,000.B. Around 50,000.C. Around 500,000.D. Around 10,000.57. The underlined word “binge” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A.doing too much of somethingB. studying for too longC. refusing to do somethingD. having very little alcohol 58. Which of the following gives the main idea of the third paragraph? A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane. B. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities. C. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring break trips. D. University students do different types of work on alternative spring break trips. 59. What is implied in this article is that ______. A. university students spend more than $250 for traditional spring break trips B. university students complain about the accommodations on alternative spring break trips C. university students may take fewer alternative spring break trips in the futureD. university students would prefer to wait until they have their degrees to start helping people(B)Cropping (修剪) an Image With the Snap Shot ProgramWelcome to the world of photo-editing!Cropping an image allows you to zero in on (对准，聚焦) just the portion that is important to your project. For example, you may want to insert an image of a covered train in a report but may not want to include the whole train. Cropping the image allows you to select only the small area you wish to retain (保留) and eliminate all other portions of the original picture.Option 1: Cropping by Placing the Image in a ShapeScreen Shot 1Using one of Snap Shot’s standard shapes as a photo-editing tool requires no special abilities. To crop an image with a standard shape:a. Click Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menu.b. Click to select one of the six shapes to frame your image.c. Use the mouse pointer to draw a frame around the portion of the image you wish to retain. Re-size the frame by dragging the shape’s sizing handles. When you are satisfied with the results, click Cut It.d. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open. (You may also copy or cut the cropped image and paste it into another application.)Option 2: Freehand Cropping of an ImageScreen Shot 2If you want to trace the shape of an object in order to crop out everything else, freehand cropping is the way to go. To crop an image freehand:a. Click Freehand Crop from the Cropping & Orientation option on the Effects menu.b. Using the mouse pointer, trace around the shape you want to crop. Be sure to completely enclose the image byending at the same place you began outlining.c. Click Cut It. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. describe the features of Snap ShotB. explain how to use Snap Shot to select sections of a pictureC. show that Snap Shot is an easy tool to useD. discuss how to use the features of Snap Shot61. To perform Option 2, one should first ______.A. select the imageB. use the mouse pointer to draw a frameC. select Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menuD. re-size the frame by dragging the sizing handles on the shape62. Why is freehand cropping discussed after cropping with shapes?A. To introduce a simpler technique before moving on to a more complex one.B. To proceed from a more useful technique to one with fewer practical applications.C. To order the options alphabetically.D. To arrange the text, making space for the screen shots.(C)Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day’s events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and tr ade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英), so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite. Th e alarming distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorialskills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums (讨论会) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.63. What is the passage mainly about?A. Needs of the readers all over the world.B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.64. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat conflictingC. very informativeD. rather shallow65. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.A. working attitudeB. traditional lifestyleC. world outlookD. educational background66. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and genderSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “___67___” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.___68___ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ___69___ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthmasymptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “___70___”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you d o to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.B. In some cases,wet hair may actually be a helpful sleep aid.C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.D. There may be some mild risks associated with going to bed with wet hair.E. Another wet-hair rumor (谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and wet will cause you to come downwith a cold.IV. Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What comes first: the optimism or the good health? Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa. A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that p eople have a natural tendency to think positively about their future. Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result. O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as us ed to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步。
上海市虹口区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析)
上海市虹口区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. On a plane.C. On a bus.D. In a department store.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: Excuse me, but I’m not feeling quite well. I think I’m going to throw up. W: There is an airsickness bag in front of you, sir.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2019-2020学年上海虹口区教育学院实验中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海虹口区教育学院实验中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Best Hikes in the WorldThere's nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike. No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain on Earth, we've got you covered. Below are four best hikes inthe world.Torres del Paine W CircuitLocation (位置): Patagonia. ChileDistance: 37 + milesTime: 5~6 daysBest time to go: October to JanuaryThe W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes you'll find. Not only will you appreciate the diverse landscapes and striking granite pillars (花岗岩柱子), but you'll probably meet some new friends along the way.Grand Canyon Rim - to - Rim HikeLocation: Arizona, the United StatesDistance: 48 milesTime: 1~3 daysBest time to go: May to June, September to OctoberThere's no better way to experience one of the greatest wonders in the world. Located in one of the USA's most beautiful parks, the views are ly appealing. Just make sure you're prepared for the challenge.Trek to PetraLocation: JordanDistance: 47 milesTime: 5~ 6 daysBest time to go: October to AprilTake the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of theworld. Hike through canyons, gorges and ridges, and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists.Yosemite Grand TraverseLocation: California, the United StatesDistance: 60 milesTime: 6~7 daysBest time to go: July to SeptemberKnown for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉) trees. Praised byNational Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.1.Which of the following is the best time for the hike in Patagonia, Chile?A.AprilB.MayC.AugustD.December2.Where should you go for a less crowded hike?A.JordanB.Patagonia, ChileC.Arizona, the United StatesD.California, the United States3.What can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse?A.Plant sequoia treesB.Appreciate waterfallsC.Visit local templesD.Climb granite pillarsBLearning to say “yes, and”When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However,I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable andeven started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicatingclearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth findingout whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say “yes, and.”4. Why did the author attend the improvisation class?A. To get a different experience.B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.C. To give up her job as a science communicator.D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.5. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea quickly.B. She came up with lots of creative responses.C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.6. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ______.A. explain the process of using the methodB. prove the benefits of the improvisation classC. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class7. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the improvisation class.B. They should question all preconceived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.D. They should try to improve their professional knowledge.CTen years ago, I set out to examine luck. I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others consistently experienced ill fortune. I placed advertisements in national newspapers asking for people who felt consistently lucky or unlucky. Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research. Over the years I have interviewed them, monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.In one of the experiments, I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, asking them to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside. I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper, saying, “Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high. It was staring everyone in the face, but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people, and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected. As a result, they miss opportunities because they are too focused on looking for something else. They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends. They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.Lucky people are more relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for. My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities, make lucky decisions by listening to their intuition (直觉), are open to new experiences, and adopt a never-say-die attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck.8. What’s the purpose of the author’s research?A. To discover what luck means to people.B. To find lucky people and unlucky people.C. To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.D. To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.9. Why did the unlucky people miss the message in the experiment?A. There was too much information to be read in detail.B. They were too focused on looking for photographs.C. It took too much time to go through newspapers.D. The words were too small to be noticed.10. What leads to lucky people’s good fortune?A. Their ability to spot opportunities.B. Their ability to become relaxed.C. Their ability to communicate.D. Their ability to make friends.11. What’s the key message of the last paragraph?A. What lucky people are looking for.B. How lucky people generate good luck.C. What lucky people can do with opportunities.D How lucky people transform bad luck into good luck.DLight pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific review published in February,said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems".There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects areimportant prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is ly easy to prevent. Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights, whichinterfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.12. What is discussed in the passage?A. Causes of declining insect populations.B. Consequences of insect population collapses.C. Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.D. Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.13. What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?A. How light travels in space.B. How light helps insects find food.C. How the food chain is interrelated.D. How light pollution affects insects.14. What does the underlined word"analogues"in Paragraph 6probably mean?A. Selective things.B. Similar things.C. Variations.D. Limitations.15. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To offer solutions.B. To give examples.C. To make comparisons.D. To present arguments.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019上海虹口区高中高三英语二模试卷习题
2021 上海虹口区高三英语二模试卷〔word 版〕考生注意:1.考试时间 120 分钟 , 试卷总分值 140 分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两局部。
所有答题必须涂( 选择题 ) 或写 ( 非选择题) 在谷题纸上 , 做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前 , 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名, 并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening prehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between twospeakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possibleanswers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. On a plane.C. On a bus.D. In a department store.2.A. He is suffering a pain in the neck.B. His roommate walks in his sleep.C. His roommate ’ s bed is always in a mess.D. He doesn ’ t like sharing a room with anyone.3.A. The woman was fully absorbed in the movie.B. The woman lost her way to the cinema that evening.C. The woman couldn’ t understand the movie very well.D. The movie was no better than what the woman had imagined.4.A. $160.B. $50. C. $120.D. $150.5.A. He really likes his wife’ s new hairstyle.B. His wife didn’ t take his sensible advice.C. He didn ’ t want to cut his wife’ s long hair.D. His wife often plains about everything.6.A. Puzzled.B. Regretful.C. Angry.D. Relieved.7.A. A job offer. B. An entry form.C. An excellent ré sumé .D. The position of system engineer.8.A. Mr. James talks a lot about gardening.B. Mr. James likes boasting of his cleverness.C. The woman is not interested in what Mr. James says.D. Mr. James isn’ t very straightforward in what he says.9. A. The elderly are expert at using apps.B. The elderly don’ t know how to use apps.C. The elderly can help to develop smart apps.D. The app developers can’ t afford to ignore the elderly.10.A. Mr. Johnson’ s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson’ s views.C. He has his own opinions on social welfare.D. Mr. Johnson is skillful in expressing his ideas.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longerconversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passagesand the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In multi-cultural countries.B. In developing countries.C.In developed countries.D. In densely-populated countries.12. A. Lack of munication facilities.B. Temporary shelter.C.Power failure.D. No access to recreation.13. A. Features of different types of poverty.B.Approaches elimination.C. Changes in three poverty categories.D.Ways to calculate thetopovertypovertyline.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Because of the course materials.B. Because of the discussion topics.C. Because of others’ misuse of technology.D. Because of a rule the speaker made for his class.15.A. The speaker’ s history class received low assessment.B. The students think highly of the speaker’ s history class.C. The speaker made the rule because he was against technology.D. The speaker made the rule just because of his unpleasant experiences.16.A. It may improve teaching and offer more help.B. It may allow students to get on well with each other.C. It may distract students from being involved in class.D. It may help students to better understand plex themes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. She bumped into a coffee table.B. She chatted with the cafe owner.C. She talked with someone she knew.D. She was listening to a lively debate.18.A. Newspapers were given out to customers.B. An entrance fee was charged for getting in.C. It was the meeting place for debating clubs.D. It was first started in Oxford in the 16th century.19.A. Partly right.B. Extremely interesting.C. Very unfair.D. A bit unreasonable.20.A. By providing free laptops for use.B. By making sofas fortable to sit on.C. By engaging them in stimulating conversation.D. By transporting customers to various destinations.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the a given word, other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work. (21) ______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both,it’ s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off.Sometimes it can involve (22) ______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-daylife and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’ s one little thing you (23) ______ do to help youachieve your goal and it’ s got nothing to do with food or exercise.The expertsat Weight Watchers did research which shows many of their members were moresuccessful and (24) ______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates ontheir new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary oftheir daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired bypositive feedback (25) ______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss munitywas crucial when it came (26) ______ changing their eating habits and 53 percent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge undertheir belts, Weight Watchers (27) ______ (launch) a series of short filmslately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and hervideo shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats,while(28) ______ (play) with her children.The pany’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said:“ The support of a m unity has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits,but there has never been an easier or more affordable way(29)______(tap)into the power of the c rowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online mu nities.Weight Watchers owns a social munity for members,Connect ,(30)______sees over14,000daily posts in the UK alone,and provides our members with instant access to a munity of people who are on similar journeys to them.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. scaleB. engagedC. disastrousD. hotspotsE. targetF. victimG. interwovenH. inevitableI. continuousJ. resolveK. riskyWhy Bike Theft Is Not Taken Seriously?For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can af ford and it is very convenient for them to use.Therefore,the impact of the loss of their bike can be__31__.But why is cycle theft so often seen as a minor crime?According to the police, 96,210 bikes were stolen in 2021, and about onein 50 bicycle-owning households fall __32__ to cycle theft each year. Thosewho can afford a second bike might have a“ beater〞, a cheap bike they leavein__33__areas, and can afford to lose—but those who cannot make bothends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by bike theft.According to a survey for Bike Register,50%of victims felt police didn’t investigate the crime,while those__34__in cycle theft seeit as low risk in terms of being caught.Police recover just3 %of stolen bikes.In fact,the problem is almost certainly much greater:People often don’t report it thinking there’s nothing the police can do,so the full__35__of the problem remains hidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton,Bristol,etc.Most cycle thefts occur near or in people’ s homes, but thieves also __36__ transport hubs( 中心，枢纽) and university campuses. In the meantime, the police have e up with a way to __37__ the issue. Training 23officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cyclecrime strategy,__38__ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websites where more than half of stolen bikes are sold, andidentifying cycle theft __39__ and priorities.If a bike is stolen,there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing their transport, exercise, and potential access to local munitiesand service.It is widely accepted that police’ s __40__effort is fundamentalto a drop in cycle theft.III. Reading prehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research.Drones( 无人机 ) hold huge __41__ in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction.So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans.It’s estimated that up to five living species bee extinct every day, making it urgent thatuniversities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade__42__ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference inJanuary to__43__the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable(易受伤害的 )species and ecosystems.Speakers underlined how technology can help__44__:drones can circle high above the ocean to spot wha les,while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University,technology is changing how preservation research is done— but it’ s in a(n)__45__ way.As technology gets better and cheaper,researchers bee better at doing what they were already doing. __46__, remote sensing used tobe a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses globalpositioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university __47__. Someteach drone surveying methods in depth while others don ’ t even mention them.“The fact is,using drones is quite a(n)__48__to the interdisciplinary( 跨学科的 )‘ unknown ’of engineering,and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,〞Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says.“ Students are taught about__49__ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are oftenmissing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchersis still fairly __50__ and focused on getting photos.〞Wich ’ s team of researchers used techniques to develop a fully automateddrone technology system that __51__and monitors the health of endangeredanimals globally. It’ s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, sothat local munities in developing countries can operate it __52__ withouttechnical background.Yet it ’ s not more widely used on the grounds of researchers’ lack of skills to use this technology.In biology,where drones are used,few can program an algorithm( 算法 ) specifically for their preservation or research problem.“ There ’ s much that needs to be done to__53__ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people whocan ’ t program can still use the technology,〞 Wich says.__54__, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save anymore species from dying out,Greengrass warns.“ As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wild places. Preservationists are __55__ fornot doing enough but it’ s often an issue of people,conflict and governance.〞Technology may help provide far greater knowledge,but governments still need to act.41.A.shortage B.threats C.potential D. responsibilities42.A. researchers B.authorities C. opponents D. professionals43.A.highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44.A. education B. preparation C.preservation D. distinction45.A.evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46.A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47.A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49.A.ill-intentioned B.fully-prepared C.well-established D. narrowly-applied50.A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51.A.controls B. tracks C. supervises D.improves52.A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54.A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55.A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed byseveral questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Different Kind of Spring BreakFor many American university students,the week-long spring break holiday means an endless part on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama CityBeach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of approximately 36,000,more than half a million university students arrive during the month of Marchto play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in theUnited States.A week-long drinking binge is not for everyone, however, and a growingnumber of American university students have found a way to make spring breakmatter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locallyor internationally and work to address problems such as poverty,homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience thatuniversity students can feel good at.During one spring break week, students at James Madison University inVirginia participated in15 “ alternative spring break〞trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States,and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to helprebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina.Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for children living in a homeless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand.They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining roving invasiveplant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem.Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find themvery rewarding.While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people,student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand,the acmodations are far from glamorous.Students often sleep on the floor of a school or church, or spend the week camping in tents. Butstudents only pay around$250 for meals and transportation,which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspot.56.How many university students travel to Panama Beach Cityevery March for spring break?A. Around 36,000.B. Around 50,000.C. Around 500,000.D. Around 10,000.57.The underlined word“ binge〞in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. doing too much of somethingB. studying for too longC. refusing to do somethingD. having very little alcohol58.Which of the following gives the main idea of the thirdpa ragraph?A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane.B. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities.C. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring breaktrips.D. University students do different types of work on alternative springbreak trips.59.What is implied in this article is that ______.A.university students spend more than $250 for traditional spring breaktripsB.university students plain about the acmodations on alternative springbreak tripsC.university students may take fewer alternative spring break trips inthe futureD.university students would prefer to wait until they have theirdegrees to start helping people(B)Cropping( 修剪 ) an Image With the Snap Shot ProgramWele to the world of photo-editing!Cropping an image allows you to zero in on( 对准，聚焦 ) just the portion that is important to your project.For example, you may want to insert an image of a covered train in a report but may not want to include the whole train.Cropping the image allows you to select only the small area you wish to retain( 保存 ) and eliminate all other portions of the original picture.Option1:Cropping by Placing the Image in a ShapeUsing one of Snap Shot’s standard shapes as a photo-editing tool requires no special ab ilities.To crop an image with a standard shape:a.Click Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menu.b.Click to select one of the six shapes to frame your image.e the mouse pointer to draw a frame around the portion of the imageyou wish to retain. Re-size the frame by dragging the shape’ s sizing handles. When you are satisfied with the results, click Cut It.d. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open. (Youmay also copy or cut the cropped image and paste it into another application.)Option If youout rop an2:Freehand Cropping ofwant to trace the shapeeverything else,freehandimage freehand:an Imageof ancroppingobjectis thein orderway totogo.cropTo ca. Click Freehand Crop from the Cropping& Orientationthe Effects menu.option on ing the mouse pointer, trace around the shape you want to crop.Be sure to pletely enclose the image by ending at the same place youbegan outlining.c. Click Cut It . Snap Shot willautomaticallyreturn to the projectthatis open.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. describe the features of Snap ShotB. explain how to use Snap Shot to select sections of a pictureC. show that Snap Shot is an easy tool to useD. discuss how to use the features of Snap Shot 61. To perform Option 2, one should first ______.A. select the imageB. use the mouse pointer to draw a frameC. select Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menuD. re-size the frame by dragging the sizing handles on the shapeWhy is freehand cropping discussed after cropping withshapesA. To introduce a simpler technique before moving on to a more plex one.B. To proceed from a more useful technique to one with fewer practical applications.C. To order the options alphabetically.D. To arrange the text, making space for the screen shots.(C)Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in theirnewspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep intoalong self-analysis known as the journalism credibilityproject.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, bined with lots ofhead-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day’s events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “ standard patterns 〞 of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large62. ?metropolitan area.Then residents in these munities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that pared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks, and they ’ re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work,or put down roots in a munity.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite( 精英 ),so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite.The alarming distrust of the news media isn’ t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudesvastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums( 讨论会 ) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are plaining about.If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly onrace and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values, education, and class.63.What is the passage mainly about?A. Needs of the readers all over the world.B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.64.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat conflictingC. very informativeD. rather shallow65.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.66.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfythe readers owing to its ______.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in mattersof race and genderSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.B.In some cases, wet hair may actually be a helpful sleep aid.C.Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.D.There may be some mild risks associated with going to bed with wet hair.E. Another wet-hair rumor( 谣传 ) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.F.This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that gettingyourse lf chilled and wet will cause you to e down with a cold.If you shower before bed,you ’ ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ ve heard it could make you sick, or thatit can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth?Let’s address the“ it can make you sick 〞myth first.“ (67)______〞says Dr.William Schaffner,a professor of medicine.While th is idea persists,Schaffner says it was long ago disproved.It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a mon cold during the winter mont hs.But this has to do with the ways respiratory(呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.(68)______Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don ’ t appear naturally,and so you ’ re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a littledamp at night,Schaffner says.But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows— especially those made with synthetic materials— can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds( 哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites,says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there ’ s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms.(69)______But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy orasthma symptoms — or even if you don ’ t — you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants( 刺激物 ).When it es to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few otherreasons to worry about wet hair.“ Generally, it’ s thought not to be goodfor hair to sleep with it wet,〞 says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professorof dermatology( 皮肤病学 ),“ (70)______〞It ’ s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair— from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun — can damage it.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea a nd the main point(s)of the passage in no more than60words.Use your own words as far as possible.71.What es first:the optimismor the good health?Optimism,defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe.But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements,or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can ’ t help but to think optimistically.This study was conducted by Ed O’ Brien, a social psychologistat the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that peoplehave a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. Theythen ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to thinkof positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative futureexperiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall,suggesting that optimism might e more naturally.“We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.〞O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently op timistic about their future,predicting pleasant experiences and d iscounting unpleasant ones.If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically,what does th is mean for the connection between mental and physical health?“ If we can make sure that optimism es before healthy states,w e might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,〞Boehm explained.However,it’s difficult to determine what es first:the optimism or the goo d health.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步。