名词及主谓一致用法和练习
第二讲．名词和主谓一致
主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：
1.主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数,即加“S”如：reads，sits
注意特例：
（1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的词要加－es
如：misses，kisses，does，fixes，brushes，astonishes，scratches （2）元音字母＋y结尾＋s；辅音字母＋y结尾，要变成辅音字母＋ies；
如：says，sprays，delays，flies，studies，
（3）－fe，－f 结尾的词尾要变成－ves
如：strife （争吵），stuff （填塞），puff （喘气），
名词的变化(1)名词的数
1) 可数名词的复数形式
2) 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
----Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. （room 为可数名词）
汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。
----Your essay is well–written as a whole, yet there is still some room for improvement. （room为不可数名词）
虽然你的文章写得不错，但还有需要改进的余地。
这样的名词有：experience（可数为“经历”，不可数为“经验”）；beauty （可数为“美人”，不可数为“美”）；office（可数为“办公室”，不可数为“公职”）；success（可数为“成功的人/物”，不可数为“成功”）；judgment （可数为“判决”，不可数为“判断”）；security（可数为“证券”，不可数为“安全”）等。
3) 复合名词复数形式的特殊情况
一般说来，以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework, sunlight; 以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数，如：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况：
2
Every man and woman in this society needs care.
Each boy and each girl here works hard.
No ＋(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词) ＋单数谓语
No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.
No teacher and no student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules. 2．集合名词作主语的三种情况
a)有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用单数形式
furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,…
（2）有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用复数形式
people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind…
（3）有些集合名词作主语，看作整体谓语只能用单数形式，看作全体成员，谓语需用复数形式。
team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government,
cabinet, board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union,
public,…
The government has made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.
The government are arguing about the passing of a new law.
The family has lived here for 50 years.
The family are going abroad for a holiday.
4.由both and 连接的两个名词或代词，谓语用复数，但是，由either or ，
neither nor，or，not only but also 连接的两个名词或代词，或在There be ，Here be 的倒装句型中，谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。
Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.
Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?
Not only the students but also their teacher is going to see this new film.
There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.
5.两个名词或代词由一些词（组）相连接，如as well as, together/ along with,
carrying, supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。
Jane, unlike her sisters, does n’t like dancing.
The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen this film.
Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.
An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street.
The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.
6.表示部分数量的词（组）＋of ＋名词＋谓语结构中，谓语的单复数取决于
名词：名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，谓语用单数；名词为可数名词的复数形式，谓语用复数。
All of the work is done.
All of the students are here.
The whole of the birthday cake has been eaten.
The whole of the muffins have been eaten.
None of the coffee is left.
None of the telephones work/ works.
None of these graduates are/is from parents’ families.
None of them are qualified workers.
7.What 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但若表语中出现复数
名词，则谓语要用复数，以与表语取得一致。
What he said is right.
What the teacher says and does has effect on his students.
What the teacher says and does don’t agree (with each other).
What he bought were two balls.
What they need badly are creative writers.
What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.
What is real to him are the details of his life.
其他名词性从句作主语，用单数谓语
Whether he will pass the test is still unknown.
How he succeeded remains a secret.
Who are going to visit Mr. Smith is undecided.
8.单个动词不定式或动名词作主语，谓语用单数。
To see is to believe/ Seeing is believing.
To plan in advance is a good thing.
For him to finish the task in half an hour is a challenge.
Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.
Her often coming late annoyed the director.
两个动词不定式或动名词作主语，若指两类事物，谓语用复数；但若指某一事物的两个方面，则谓语应用单数。
To listening to music and to watch TV are my favorite things.
Early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.
Reading novels and solving problems are two different things.
Weeping and crying does nothing towards settling the problem.
9. a number/ variety of + 复数名词＋复数谓语
the number/ variety of +复数名词＋单数谓语
A number of the students here are from key schools.
The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.
A variety of new goods are on display.
The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.
10.用and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时，用单数谓语。
A scientist and poet is going to give us a lecture tomorrow.
My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.
The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy.
War and peace i s a constant theme in history.
Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.
此外，a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse,…. 也通常被看作整体，谓语用单数。
A needle and thread is needed to mend the coat.
An additional knife and fork was bought for the dinner.
11.the + 一类形容词/ 分词用来表示类比，谓语用复数
The rich/ poor/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/ sick/ ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/ …+ 复数谓语
After the earthquakes, the buried were rescued and the lost were found. 12.Many a + 单数名词＋单数谓语
More than one + 单数名词＋单数谓语
Many a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society.
More than one student here was injured in the accident yesterday.
There is more than one answer to this question.
One and a half + 复数名词＋单数谓语
Look! One and a half bananas is on the floor.
13. one of + 复数名词＋定语从句中的复数谓语（表共性）
the (only) one of + 复数名词＋定语从句中的单数谓语（表个性）
Tom is one of the ten boys here who like football. （表共性）
Tom is the (only) one of the ten boys here who dislikes tennis. （表共性）
14．定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于其先行词
He, who is lazy in study, won’t succeed easily.
I , who am your friend, will help you when you are in trouble.
15．以－ics 结尾的名词作主语，指学科，用单数谓语；若转义指具体活动，则用复数谓语
Mathematics 数学，（单数谓语）―――计算能力，（复数谓语）
Politics 政治学，（单数谓语）―――政治手腕，（复数谓语）
Economics 经济学，（单数谓语）―――经济形势，（复数谓语）
Statistics 统计学，（单数谓语）―――统计数字，（复数谓语）
16．由两个一半组成的物体，应用pair 来计数，若无pair，则用复数谓语trousers, pants, jeans, shorts, shoes, sleepers, boots, gloves, glasses, scales, tongs, scissors, socks, stockings, …
This pair of trousers is expensive.
Here trousers are new today.
Another pair of sunglasses was shown her/ to the customer.
17. 单复同形的名词作主语，其谓语的单复数要根据这些名词在句中的意思而定
始终用复数形式的词：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,…
始终用单数形式的词：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark, fish (同种鱼)…
This means is really effective. (一种手段)
His means have been used up. (多种手段)
Her means are small. (经济能力，财富)
18. the rest, the following,…其谓语的单复数要根据这些词在句中的意思而定
A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finished
tomorrow.
A third of the students were invited to the party yesterday, and the rest were
told to review their lessons at school.
The following is my answer.
The following are my suggestions.
主谓一致语法练习题
1. Ten percent of the workers in this city ______now on strike.
A. is
B. are*
C. is to be
D. are to be
2. The growth of part-time and flexible pattern, and of training and retai ning schemes ______
more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A. allow
B. allows*
C. allowing
D. have allowed
3. These statistics ______manageable units for measuring distances with in the solar system.
A. are*
B. is
C. have
D. is to be
4. Mathematics as well as physics always ______me a lot of headaches.
A. has caused
B. are causing
C. cause
D. causes*
5. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, ____ not able to solve the
problem.
A. are
B. were
C. is*
D. am
6. Plenty of fruits, eggs, and vegetables ______needed for health.
A. are*
B. is
C. is being
D. have
7. Neither Jane nor her brothers ___a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.
A. need*
B. needs
C. is needing
D. has need
8. What the man said under the oath ______by several other witnesses.
A. was questioned*
B. were questioned
C. questioned
D. be questioned
9. The government ______hoping to make their findings known soon.
A. is
B. has been
C. are*
D. be
10. Today there ______a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position.
A. have been*
B. is having
C. has been
D. are to have
11. To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends
______two pleasures in life.
A. is
B. are*
C. was
D. has been
12. Of particular interest to visitors ______the large number of book stores that sell books in
different languages.
A. have been
B. are
C. is*
D. were
13. Many species of animals which once lived on the earth ______no longer in existence.
A. is
B. are*
C. was
D. were
14. How close parents are to their children ______ a strong influence on the character of the
children.
A. have
B. has*
C. having
D. to have
15. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society, ______to
alter its attitude to racial problems.
A. need
B. needs*
C. has need
D. have a need
16. All the data ______once and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.
A. has been checked
B. have been checked*
C. has been checked
D. is checked
17. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that ____
A. make him a scientist
B. makes him to be a scientist
C. make him to be scientist
D. makes him a scientist*
18. The play writer and director ______promised to attend our tea-party.
A. have
B. has*
C. are
D. is
19. The premier and the Foreign Minister _______present at the state banquet last night.
A. are
B. was
C. were *
D. had a
20. To balance the budget and to provide jobs ______ two goals of the elected official.
A. is going to
B. is
C. becomes
D. are*
21. Every means ______tried but without much result.
A. has been*
B. have been
C. are
D. is
22. Nobody but Smith and John ______in the lab yesterday.
A. are
B. had been
C. were
D. was*
23. Half of the audience ______foreigners.
A. was
B. were*
C. had been
D. has been
24. Hard work and main living ______characteristics of the working peo ple.
A. is
B. has been
C. were
D. are*
25. In the room ______a big table and a great many chairs.
A. do they find
B. is found
C. are found*
D. have found
26. Another three weeks ______necessary for us to finish the work.
A. are
B. was
C. is*
D. will have been
27. He is the only one of the brightest students who ______from New York University.
A. is graduated
B. have graduated
C. has graduated*
D. are
graduated
28. Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who ____
A. votes*
B. vote
C. have voted
D. is voted
29. Neither of the young men who had applied for position in the university____.
A. has been accepted
B. have been accepted
C. was accepted*
D. were accepted
30. That men have learned much from the behavior of animals ___hardly new.
A. is*
B. isn't
C. being
D. will be
31. What they have done ______useful to the people.
A. are considered
B. is considered*
C. have been considered
D. will be considered
32. Every policeman and fireman ______on the alert.
A. have been
B. was*
C. are
D. were
33. There ______never been hard feelings between the families living on this block.
A. has
B. have*
C. is
D. were
34. The linebacker and captain of the team ______most valuable player.
A. have been selected
B. has been selected*
C. have selected
D. has selected
35. The nation wants peace; only a minority ______the war to continue.
A. want*
B. wants
C. wanted
D. has wanted
36. It was you, not I, who______too much dependent on medicine and never did exercise.
A. were
B. are *
C. was
D. am
37. Whether or not the new plan will yield any positive results __to be seen.
A. remain
B. is remained
C. remains*
D. have remained
38. With the rising of people's standard of living, cosmetics _____ a favorite topic,
especially among women.
A. has become
B. becomes
C. become
D. have become*
39. ______either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A. Are
B. Were
C. Is*
D. Does
40. There ______not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.
A. are
B. were
C. is*
D. was
41. There ______one or two things that I have to mention.
A. is*
B. are
C. has
D. have
42. He is one of those speakers who ______ideas perfectly clear.
A. make his
B. makes her
C. make their*
D. make one's
43. Ten minutes ______an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A. seemed
B. is seeming
C. seem
D. seems*
44. The first part of the lecture was interesting but the rest ______.
A. was dull*
B. were dull
C. had been dull
D. were to dull
45. The committee ______among themselves for four hours.
A. has been arguing
B. has been argued
C. have been arguing*
D. have been argued
46. Either your teacher or you ______mistaken.
A. are*
B. is
C. has
D. be
47. Not only I but also Tom and Mary ______fond of watching television.
A. am
B. is
C. are*
D. be
48. It is said that in the United States, over 30 ______spent on advertisement each year.
A. billion dollars is
B. billion dollars are*
C. billion dollar is
D. billions of dollars are
49. Each one of us who ___now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable
Olympic Games.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. are*
50. What ___used as chief building materials today ___steel and concrete.
A. have been, are
B. is, are
C. are, are *
D. are, is
51. Several of the cups in the set ______in delivery .
A. was smashed
B. was smashing
C. were smashed*
D. were smashing
52. There is always a possibility that the infection will return, but so far there ______been no
signs of trouble.
A. has
B. have*
C. are
D. had
53. Bacon and scrambled eggs _______ the standard American breakfast.
A. is*
B. are
C. is to be
D. are to be
54. A new TV series _______handicapped children that they can and should think about
career development.
A. have taught
B. teaches*
C. teach
D. were taught
55. Although medical evidence shows that AIDS ______not transmitted by casual contact,
there still _______fear of infection. Which has caused unwarranted prejudice against even those merely suspected of having the disease.
A. is. . . exist
B. are. . . exist
C. is ... exists *
D. are. . . exists
56. The auxiliary police ______to report for duty at the headquarters.
A. are required*
B. required
C. is required
D. will require
57. I turn to you as my hope. If you fail me, then my honor as well as my position
______forever lost.
A. be
B. are
C. is *
D. was
58. Collecting stamps as a hobby ______increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A. became
B. becomes
C. has become *
D. have become
59. ______ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.
A. It being
B. It is
C. There is*
D. There being
60. Ten per cent of the men ______on the field of battle calling for medical assistance that just is
not available at the present time.
A. is laid
B. are lying*
C. are laid
D. are laying
Key:
1.BBADC 6. AAACA 11.BCBBB 16. BDBCD 21.ADBDC 26. CCACA
31. BBBBA 36. BCDCC 41. ACDAC 46. ACBDC 51. CBABC 56. CACCB
主谓一致用法总结
主谓一致 使用主谓一致时，必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式（疑问词＋不定式）、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Visiting a place like this is always very interesting. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. 二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数；表示单数概念用单数。例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television
or using computers. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 三、在“名词/代词＋介宾结构＋谓语＋…”结构中，谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致，介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如： Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there. 四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry. 五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词根据
初中英语名词用法概要
名词及其用法 一、单数与复数 1. 复数的构成 （1）名词由单数变为复数时，在一般情况下是在词尾加上-s。如： a desk 一张课桌→two desks 两张课桌one room 一个房间→some rooms 一些房间 （2）如果一个名词以s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾，那么其复数就是在加词尾-es。如：a boss 一位老板→many bosses 许多位老板 a fox 一只狐狸→a lot of foxes 许多狐狸this watch 这块手表→these watches 这些手表 (3) 如果一个名词以y结尾，则其复数构成要分两种情况： (3.1) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将y 改为ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s。如： a family 一个家庭→many families 许多家庭one monkey 一只猴子→several monkeys 几只猴子 (3.2) 如果一个名词以字母o 结尾，则情况有点复杂，因为有些是加词尾-s构成复数，而有些则要加词尾-es构成复数，还有一些则加-s或-es都可以。如： a zoo 一个动物园→three zoos 三个动物园（3.3）在英语中，以字母o结尾的名词绝大部分其复数形式通过加词尾-s构成的，只有少数的要加词尾-es，其中比较常见的需要通过加词尾-es构成复数的名词有4个，它们是： tomato→tomatoes 西红柿potato→potatoes 土豆hero→heroes 英雄Negro→Negro 黑人 （4）英语中还有一些名词是以-f或-fe 结尾的，它们在变为复数时也有两种可能，即有些直接加词尾-s，有些则把-f / -fe 改为-ves。在这些名词中，一些日常生活中的常用词通常是采用把-f / -fe 改为-ves 来变为复数，如：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)等。 2. 单复数同形 （1）英语中有些名词在由单数变为复数时，其形式与仍采用与单数一样的形式。比较常见的有：sheep 绵羊fish 鱼deer 鹿Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人aircraft 飞行器means 方法works 工厂 （2）其中fish这个词值得特别注意，它的复数形式通常与单数同形。如：There are plenty of fish in the sea. 海里有许多鱼。 （2.1）句中的fish虽在形式上为单数，但其用法为复数。不过，人们有时也用fishes来表示复数。如：We caught three little fishes. 我们抓到三条小鱼。 （2.2）另外，fishes还可表示不同种类的鱼。如：There were fishes of many sizes. 有各种大小的鱼。
中考英语 名词的用法(巩固练习)
【巩固练习】 I. 单项选择。 1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well. A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some advices 2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet. A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information 3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep 4. I don’t think looking after children is just work. A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s 5. The hospital is a bit f ar from here. It’s about _______. A. forty minutes walk B. forty minute’s walk C. forty minutes’ walks D. forty minutes’ walk 6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill. A. boy B. people C. girl D. student 7. －Your English is very good. Who taught you? －Nobody. I taught ______. A. me B. him C. himself D. myself 8. Listen! The ______ are singing in the next room. A. twins babies B. twin babies C. twins’ baby D. twin’s baby 9. We all think football is not only ____ game. Some girls like football, too. A. a boy’s B. boy’s C. boys’ D. the boys’ 10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes. A. leafs B. leaves C. apple D. banana 11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are _______. A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 12．—They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? —Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 13．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 14．There is some _______ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 15．The______ has two _______ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。 1. Please take some ________ (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.
(完整版)主谓一致用法总结
主谓一致用法总结 I.主谓一致定义 II.谓语受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。 III.例: My favorite food is noodles. II. 主谓一致的重要原则 ?语法原则 ?意义原则 ?就近一致 （一）语法一致 IV.顾名思义，即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的意义。 V.以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如： 注意：不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语 动词单数。E.g. 2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both you and he are right. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has written lots of books. The poet and the writer have come. 可通过名词前定冠词来判断。 3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education. 4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，together with 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍用与主语（即前面的词语）保持一致。例如： The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park. The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。 如people, police, cattle, clothes等。 集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语，这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 常见集合名词：people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。 e.g. The police are looking for him. ?有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同，单复数用法也不同。
名词与主谓一致
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习 【考点讲解】 一、名词的分类 二、可数名词与不可数名词 (一) 可数名词 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 单数变复数的规则
【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为 “英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano 等 ② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下： 小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半，一半放在书架上，一半放在树叶上 2. 不规则复数形式 (1) 元音或词尾发生变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse- policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________ Englishman- (2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police (4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics (5) 只能用复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……
【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –， woman doctor –_____________； ○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中心词变成复数形式。如： shoe factory- , banana tree- 3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边” (二)不可数名词 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式
中考英语名词专题复习教(学)案
英语专题-----名词 一、考点概述。 在英语中，名词的用法十分广泛，且在历年中考中，“名词”考点热仍然处于有升无降之趋势，就近几年的中考英语试题来看，对名词考查得较热的还是“名词的数”、“名词的格”、“名词作主语时和谓语一致关系”等，涉及的题型比较广泛，几乎试卷上的每一大题都有对名词的考查，所以在中考复习的过程中要引起高度重视。【名词的考查围】 可数名词的单数 规则变化 可数名词的复数不规则变化 复合名词的复数变化 名词的数 集体名词的数 常见的不可数名词 不可数名词的数 不可数名词的数量表达方式 专有名词的数 名词 ‘s所有格 名词所有格 of 所有格 双重所有格 名词主谓一致 名词的修饰语 二、名词的基本概念和分类。 1. 基本概念 从英语语法角度来讲，表示人物、时间、地点、事物或抽象概念的词，我们通常称为名词。例如：teacher，desk，Japanese，milk，physics等。 2. 名词的分类 总的来说，英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。 A.专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、、组织等专有名称的名词。例如：Lucy，Shanghai，the Communist Party of China，the United States等。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 B.普通名词：表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。例如：worker，boy，machine等。普通名词又可分为以下四类： 1.个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词。例如： man，pencil，chair等。 2.集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。例如：class，police，army ，family等。 3.物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。例如：rice，glass，water等。 4.抽象名词：表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。例如：life，love等。
主谓一致用法
主谓一致问题： 动名词短语,不定式短语, 名次性从句作主语, 谓语用单数 Doing this is not very easy. To do this alone is not possible. That he is honest is known to all. 主语带有together/along with, such as, as well as, accompanied by, including, rather than 等附加成分, 谓语的数不受附加成分的影响; My father, together with his wife and son, is going to visit China. 表示时间,距离,金额, 重量, 面积, 体积, 容积等度量的名词短语作主语时, 谓语用单数 Ten dollars is not too much. 下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念, 谓语用单数: law and order法制 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子
the needle and thread 针线 horse and carriage马车 bread and butter奶油面包 soap and water肥皂水 fork and knife刀叉 trial and error反复尝试, 不断摸索 time and tide岁月 the ebb and flow盛衰, 潮涨潮落 某些固定结构中谓语的数 many a(each/every)( more than one)+ 单数名词, 谓语用单数 the number of(neither/either of)( one and a half)+ 复数名词, 谓语用单数 1. If law and order ___ not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. how close parents are to their children __ a strong influence on the character of the children.
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
英语名词所有格的用法讲解
名词所有格的用法 1. 名词的格的种类 英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-?s 所有格和of 所有格两种形式。 Tom loves Mary. (Tom 为主格，Mary 为宾格，均为通格形式) Tom?s best friend is Mary.(Tom?s 是所有格，Mary 为通格) The title of the book is interesting. (of the book 为所有格) 2. -?s所有格的构成方法 (1) 一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加-?s： children?s books 儿童图书 today?s paper 今天的报纸 (2) 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(…)： girls? school 女子学校 the Smiths? car 史密斯家的小汽车 注：带词尾s的单数名词，通常仍加?s： the boss?s plan 老板的计划 the hostess?s worry 女主人的担心 (3) 带词尾s的人名，可加?s 或只加省字撇(…)： Dickens? novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles?s job 查理斯的工作 不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者，一律加?s： Marx?s works 马克思的著作 George?s room 乔治的房间 (4) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列连词后加-?s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-?s： Tom?s and Jim?s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jim?s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 3. -?s所有格的用法 -?s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西，但有时也可用于无生命的东西，这主要见于： (1) 用于表时间的名词后： tomorrow?s weather 明天的天气 two days? journey 两天的旅程 比较：ten minutes? break = a ten-minute break 10分钟的休息 (2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后： America?s policy 美国的政策 the city?s population 这个城市的人口 (3) 用于某些集合名词后： the majority?s view 多数人的观点 the government?s policy 政府的政策 (4) 用于组织机构后： the station?s waiting-room 车站候车室 the newspaper?s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针 (5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后：
中考英语重点词汇用法大全
Important sentences(重点句子) 1. How do you study for a test 你怎样准备考试▲study for a test prepare for a test 准备考试—What were you doing when I called last night 一I was studying for the math test．一昨天晚上我打电话时你在干什么一我在准备数学测验。2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes. 我听录音准备英语测验。▲by 靠，用(方法，手段等)，后接动名词(doing…) He makes a living by repairing bikes．他靠修车为生。▲listen vi．后加to再接名词。My sister was listening to music when I got home．当我到家时，姐姐正在听音乐。Listen! Someone is knocking at the door．听!有人在敲门。3．He studies by asking the teacher for help．他靠求助于老师来学习。▲ask sb for help求助于某人—You can ask me for help if you have trouble．—Thank you．1 will．—如果你有麻烦，你可以求助于我。一谢谢。我会的。4．Do you ever practice conversations with friends 你曾经和朋友练习过会话吗▲ever adv. 用于疑问句和否定旬中，“曾经” Do you ever worry that you’11 fail a test 你担心考试会不及格吗▲practice vt．＝practice 练习▲在美国英语中practice既可作名词又作动词；但在英国英语中practice为名词；practise为动词。5. What about listening to cassettes 听录音怎么样▲what about + n.／pron／doing ＝how about + n ／pron／doing。例如：What／How about going to the movies tonight 今晚去看电影怎么样 6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation 靠朗读来练习发音怎么样read aloud 朗读Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English．朗读在学英语中很有帮助。7．I’ve learned a lot that way．我那样学到了很多。▲a lot 代表一个不可数名词。例如：Though he is young，he knows a lot．他虽然很小，但他知道很多。▲that way相当于一个副词，way 用于which，this，that之后，构成短语，“那样”。如：Don’t talk to your parents that way．别那样和父母说话。8．It improves my speaking skills．它能提高我的口语技巧。▲Improve vt. 改进，改善，提高His work is improving slowly．他的工作在慢慢改进。Her pronunciation has greatly improved．他的发音大大提高了。▲speaking skill 口语技巧listening skill 听力技巧writing skill 写作技巧reading skill 阅读技巧9. It’s too hard to understand to voices．听懂不同的声音很困难。▲too + adj.／adv. + to do “太……而不能……”。又如：He is too young to go to school．他太小，不能上学。She runs too slow to catch up with me．她跑得太慢追不上我。10．This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more
(完整版)高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳
高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳 一、基本概念 所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。 主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。 二、基本用法 1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。常用的集合名词有： army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。 The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now. 足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。 The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。 The majority were/was for the proposal.大多数人赞同这个提议。 Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数学生获得了奖学金。 【注意】 （1）有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数。这样的名词常用的有：cattle,people,police,folk等。 The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。 （2）无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。这样的名词常用的有:clothing,furniture,machinery,jewellery等。 Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地方需要暖和的衣服。 All the furniture has been moved to another room. 所有家具已经搬到了另一个房间里。 2.由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。 Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。 Not only the students but(also) the teacher is active in sports and games.不但学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。 Does neither the teacher nor the students know this matter? 教师和学生都不知道这件事吗？ 【经典回放】 Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
集合名词的主谓一致
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
中考中考英语总复习名词专题(含答案)
中考中考英语总复习名词专题(含答案) 一、初中英语名词 1．—Whose room is this? Is it the______? -—Yes, it is ______. A. twins'; Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins'; Tom and Tim 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——这是谁的房间？它是那对双胞胎的吗？——是的，它是汤姆和蒂姆的。在名词所有格中，若表示两个人各自所有的两个东西，则应在两个名词后面分别加上“‘s”，而且后面要接复数名词；若表示两个人共同拥有的一个东西，则只能在后面那个名词后面加上“‘s”，而且后面要接单数名词。根据指一间房间，故选A。 2．—I'm looking forward to the final of the 2018 World Cup. —Me too. I hope the German team will be the . It's my favourite. A. player B. winner C. loser 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：---我正盼望着2018年世界杯的决赛。---我也是，我希望德国队会是获胜者。它是我最喜欢的。player运动员；winner获胜者；loser失败者。根据后一句my favorite可知德国队是“我”支持的球队，当然希望它“赢”，故答案为B。 【点评】考查名词辨析，理解句意，根据语境判断答案。 3．After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took rest. A. a few minute's B. a little minute's C. a few minutes' D. a little minutes' 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：踢了一个半小时后，学生们进行了几分钟的休息。a few修饰可数名词复数,a little修饰不可数名词，minute 分钟，可数名词，a few minutes 几分钟；这里用复数名词的所有格修饰名词rest，take a few minutes' rest，休息几分钟，故选C。 【点评】此题考查名词所有格。根据上下文的联系确定名词所有格的形式。 4．After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for ____________. A. price B. noise C. peace D. course 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在战后几年里，叙利亚人们渴望和平。A.价格；B.噪音；C.和平； D.课程。根据常识可知战后人们肯定是渴望和平，故选C。 【点评】考查名词辨析，注意平时识记其词义，理解句意。 5．（?黑龙江龙东）Could you give me some ______ ? I tried several times but failed.