1.八年级-构词法
专题15 重点语法：构词法-(牛津译林版)译林版八年级英语上册
专题15 重点语法复习：构词法1.概念：构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。
2.分类：合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。
考点一：合成法合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。
用此法构成的词叫复合词。
复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。
1．复合名词：(1)名词+动词headache，daybreak(2)动词+名词playground，postcard(3)名词+名词basketball，classroom(4)形容词+名词blackboard，grandfather(5)动名词+名词waiting-room，sitting-room2．复合代词：(1) some (any，every，no) +body：somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody(2)some (any，every，no) +thing：something，anything，everything，nothing3．复合形容词有：man-made，kind-hearted，hard-working4．复合副词有：upstairs，downstairs，everywhere，maybe等。
另外，复合动词有understand，复合介词有without等。
考点二：转化法转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。
词性转化有以下几种情况：1．名词→动词如：There’s a lot of rain in this country. 这个国家多雨。
It’s still raining now. 现在还在下雨。
2．动词→名词如：What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？There will be a talk next week. 下周会有一场演讲。
3．形容词→动词如：The classroom is not clean. 教室不干净。
冀教版英语八年级下册Unit 1 Spring Is Coming!构词法
构词法1，合成法：合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。
1〕名词+名词→名词house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动2)形容词+名词→名词black〔黑色的〕+board〔木板〕→blackboard黑板loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) →loudspeaker扬声器3)介词+名词→名词〔或形容词〕after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午4)名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的5)名词〔形容词〕+名词+ed→形容词kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6)副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下2、派生法：派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。
它不仅扩大了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。
后缀〔后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义〕：1〕动词或形容词+er/or →名词travel v. 旅行→traveller n.旅客foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人2)动词+(t)ion → 名词invent v.创造→invention n.创造operate v.做手术→operation n.手术3)动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物please v.使快乐→pleased adj.快乐的4)名词+ese →名词和形容词China n.中国→Chinese n.中国人adj.汉语的5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词help n. 帮助→helpful adj有帮助的forget v. 忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的6) 动词+able → 形容词enjoy v. 喜欢→enjoyable.adj.有趣的7)名词+en →形容词wool n. 羊毛→woolen adj.羊毛的wood n. 木材→wooden adj.木制的8)名词+y → 形容词sun n. 太阳→sunny adj.阳光灿烂的cloud n. 云→ cloudy adj.多云的9〕形容词+ly →副词happy adj 快乐的→happily adv. 快乐地wide adj. 宽广的→widely adv. 宽广地10) 形容词+ness → 名词good adj. 好的→goodness n.好意kind adj. 善良的→kindness n.和蔼11) 名词+ly →形容词friend n. 朋友→friendly adj.友好的前缀〔前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性〕：; ; ; ;1) un-(不，非)happy (快乐的) unhappy〔不快乐的〕like (像) unlike〔不像〕2) re-(再，重复)tell 表达retell复述3.转化法：在英语开展过程中，由于词尾的根本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。
构词法知识点总结
构词法知识点总结构词法是语言学的一个分支，研究词汇的构成和变化规律，包括形态构词和语义构词两个方面。
下面将详细介绍构词法的知识点。
1. 形态构词形态构词是指通过词缀、变音和复合等手段创造新词的方法。
常见的词缀有前缀、后缀和中缀。
（1）前缀：在单词前面加上一个词缀，改变该单词的意思或词性。
如：un-（不）、dis-（否定）、re-（再次）等。
（2）后缀：在单词后面加上一个词缀，改变该单词的意思或词性。
如：-able （能够的）、-ment（结果）、-tion（动作或过程）等。
（3）中缀：在单词中间加入一个词缀，改变该单词的意思或词性，常见的中缀有-er-、-ist-等。
如：bookstore（书店）、songstress（女歌手）等。
2. 语义构词语义构词是指通过词汇的内涵和外延变化来创造新词的方法。
常见的语义构词方法有转喻、转义、造词和合成等。
（1）转喻：是指将一个词汇的本义转化为比喻义。
如：狐假虎威中的“狐”原指狐狸，但在这里转化为巧取豪夺之人的意思。
（2）转义：是指将一个词汇的本义转化为新的意义。
如：电脑一词最初指的是“计算机”，但现在已经变成了指代电子设备的词汇。
（3）造词：是指通过拼音、缩写或新创词语等方式创造新词。
如：O2O（线上到线下）、翘课族（爱逃课的学生）、网红（网络红人）等。
（4）合成：是指将两个或多个词合在一起形成一个新词，合成词的意义通常是由各个部分的意义组合而成。
如：蜜蜂（蜜和蜂）、吸管（吸和管）等。
通过学习形态构词和语义构词，我们能够深入了解词汇的构成和变化规律，从而更好地掌握语言表达和交流的能力。
英语八大构词法及举例
英语八大构词法及举例文章一：英语八大构词法及举例英语是一种十分复杂的语言，同时也是构词能力最为强大的语言之一，它的构词能力源于其采用的不同构词法。
构词法是指语言使用何种方式构成词汇，英语语言中共有八种构词法，如下：1. 仿形构词法：是语言中最古老的构词形式，它以类似的音节相互组合形成新的词汇，是最常见的构词方式，如：rain（雨）→rainy （多雨的）；man（男人）→manly（男子气的）。
2. 合成构词法：是将两个或两个以上的词组合成一个词的构词方式，构成的新词有其独立的语义，如：book（书）+case（箱子）→bookcase（书柜）； white+board→whiteboard（白板）。
3. 转换构词法：也叫转型构词法，即将原有单词的词性转换为其他词性来构成新词，如：teach（教）→teacher（教师）；night （夜晚）→nightly（每晚的）。
4. 派生构词法：即从原有单词当中分离出一个或几个词根，再根据特殊的语法规则加以构成新的词，如：happy（快乐的）→happiness（快乐）；beauty（美丽）→beautiful（美丽的）。
5. 后缀构词法：是将某一个后缀添加到一个单词的尾部，从而构成新的词，如：dark（黑暗）→darken（变暗）；happy（快乐）→happiness（快乐）。
6. 前缀构词法：是将某一个前缀加到原有单词的首部，从而构成新的词，如：happy（快乐）→unhappy（不快乐）；legal（合法的）→illegal（非法的）。
7. 借词构词法：是指借用他语中的词汇作为英语词汇的来源，如：Alps（阿尔卑斯山）→kaiser（凯撒，皇帝）；science（科学）→borracho（醉鬼）；cafe（咖啡馆）→tortilla（玉米饼）。
8. 固定结构构词法：是指某些特定的词汇结构，如：is+形容词+enough（够）→enough（够）；do+动词+the+形容词+way（方式）→dothe+形容词+way（以…方式做）。
八年级英语寒假复习一构词法北京实验版知识精讲
初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习（一）：构词法二. 重点、难点构词法（派生词）三. 教学目标：通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。
四. 重点知识讲解：（一）词的派生1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。
1）+后缀T名词a. - er: worker cleaner maker teacherb. —or: visitor sailor inven tor actorc. —ist: scie ntist artist pia nistd. - ess: actress waitresse. - ee: employee trainee referee trusteef. - ian: musician Canadian Australiang. - n ess: ill ness happ in ess great ness cold nessh. —（a）ti on: dictati on reparati on excepti on in vitati oni. - ment: movement development arguementj. - ion: discussion revision decisionk. - ing: building feeling painting weddingl. —ship: frie ndship relati on ship scholarshipm. - en ce: differe nee depe ndence con fide nee referencen. - ance: allowanee acceptanee assistaneeo. - th: truth warmth health lengthp. - y: modesty difficulty safetyq. - ure: failure pleasure pressure2）+后缀-形容词：a. - ful: cheerful useful grateful faithfulb. - less: careless homeless fearless hopelessc. - ish: Swedish selfishd. —ive: active collective decisive destructivee. —ous: dan gerous famous eon ti nuous courageous variousf. —able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortableg. - ible: sensible responsible permissible possibleh. —y: rainy snowy foggy dirtyi. - some: troublesome burdensome Ionesome handsomej. —al: critical physical chemical medical classicalk. - en: golden wooden woolen专心爱心用心．l. —ed: lan ded excited in terested surprisedm. - ly: friendly lively daily3) +后缀T动词：-ize: recognize apologize realize normalize-en: widen basten frighten—fy: simplify beautify satisfy4) +后缀T副词—ly: really happily simply difficultly completely5) +后缀T数词—tee n: fourtee n fiftee n eightee n-ty: forty thirty fifty ninety—th: fourth ninth twelfth2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。
英语八年级上册知识讲义 构词法(1)
构词法（1）【考向解读】中考对构词法的考查主要集中在：1. 掌握基本的构词法2. 中考中的题型和大体分值：阅读理解（2分以上）【重点点拨】一、知识精讲（一）为什么要学习和掌握构词法？掌握基本的构词法知识，对于正确地识记单词，扩大词汇量，提高记忆速度和记忆效果，培养自学能力，具有非常重要的意义。
（二）什么是英语构词法初中阶段，英语的构词法通常包括：合成法（Compound）转化法（Conversion）派生法（Derivation）（三）合成法（Compound）1. 什么是合成法？把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成法。
合成后的词，其意思一般是两个词意思的合并。
【例子】c lass + room = classroomblack +board= blackboard典例说出下面词的意思1. sunglasses2. earring3. toothpaste4. hairdryer答案：1. 太阳镜 2. 耳环 3. 牙膏 4. 吹风机思路分析：合成词的意思就是两个词意思的合并。
2. 合成的方法（1）直接写在一起。
【例子】hardworking riversideheadache upstairs（2）用连字符（-）连接【例子】green-housemiddle-agedfive-year-oldman-made（3）由两个分开的词构成【例子】school boyworld widecredit cardtraffic lights典例写出学过的合成词答案：football bedroom policeman fast food polar bear five-meter-long3. 合成的方式（1）名词合成词（合成的词是名词）1）名词+名词horseback 马背 basketball 篮球classroom 教室 newspaper 报纸2）形容词+名词blackboard 黑板green-house 温室gentleman 绅士loudspeaker 扩音器3）动词+名词break-water 挡浪板 driveway 马路pick pocket 扒手 typewriter打字机4）副词+名词over coat 大衣 underclothes内衣5）动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室 hiding-place 藏身处6）介词＋名词afternoon下午 underground 地下7）名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑 father-in-law 岳父8）名词+动词daybreak黎明 handshake 握手典例用下面的词填空1. ’s bright and sunny2. I’m late because there was a __________ in the center of the city.3. She didn’t go to see the film because she couldn’t find a ________ for the children.4. My _________ didn’t ring this morning and I didn’t wake up.5. Jake Chan is a famous ___________.答案：1. sunglasses 2. traffic jam 3. baby-sister 4. alarm clock 5. film star思路分析：合成词的意思就是两个词意思的组合。
初中英语考点总结——初中英语常用构词法归纳
初中英语常用构词法归纳 1. 合成法1）名词+名词→名词basketballb ookshopbookshopbookstorehouseworkhomework2) 形容词+名词→名词blackboardEnglishmanloudspeaker3) 介词+名词→名词（或形容词）afternoonunderground4) 名词+过去分词→形容词man-made5) 名词（形容词）+名词+ed→形容词g lass-toppedglass-toppedkind-hearted6) 副词+名词→介词i nsideinsidedownstairs2. 派生法后缀（后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义）：1）动词或形容词+er/or →名词writer ntraveler n.for eigner n.inventor n.visitor n.2) 动词 +(t)ion/sion → 名词invention n.o peration n.decisionattention3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词b uilding n.interesting/interested adj.pleased adj.4) 名词+ese /ian→名词和形容词Chinese n.adj.Japanese n. Adj.AmericanIndian5) 名词或动词+ full →形容词helpful adj.Useful adj.6) 动词 +able → 形容词enjoyable. adj.forgettable adj.7) 名词 +en →形容词woolen adj.wooden adj.8) 名词 +y → 形容词sunny adj.cloudy adjlucky adj.noisy adj.smelly adj.9）形容词 +ly →副词happily adv.luckily adv.10) 形容词 +ness → 名词kindness n.happiness n.11) 名词 +ly →形容词friendly adj.lovely adj.12) 名词 + less →形容词（词义与加ful 相反）careless adj.helpless adj.13) 名词 + al →形容词national adj.educational adj.traditional adj.14) 名词 + ist →名词scientist n.pianist n.tourist n.15) 动词 + ment →名词development n.agreement n.argument n.16) 形容词 + ity →名词ability n.possibility n.reality n.17) 名词 +ous →形容词dangerous adj.18) 名词 +ish →形容词foolish adj.childish adj.bookish adj.19) 形容词或名词 +en →动词widen v.sharpen vfrighten v.20) 名词或形容词 +ify →动词beautify vsimplify v.21) 形容词 +ize →动词realize v.memorize v.22) 动词 +tiv e →形容词active adj.attractive adj.23）动词 +ess →名词（女性）hostess n.actress n.waitress n.前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）：1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)unhappy（不高兴的）unlike（不像）2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)impossibleimpolite3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)inactiveincomplete4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)dishonestdisagreedisadvantage5) mis- (表示错误)misunderstandmistakemisuse6) re- (再，重复)retellrebuildrewrite7) bi- (两个、双边的)bicyclebicolor8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)interviewInternationalinternet9) tele- (远)telephonetelevision10) kilo- (千)kilometerkilogram11) micro- (微，小)microwave ovenmicrocomputer12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)subwaysuburb3. 转化法1) 名词→动词rainshopwaterlandname2）形容词→动词last adj the last minute.V. The film lasted 2 hourstidy adj.a tidy roomV. Please tidy the room.own adj.my own roomV. I own a room.3) 形容词→名词back adj.the back yardn. The monkey climbed to the tiger’s back.light adj.The box is lightn. turn on the light.4) 动词→名词stop v.Stop the bus.n. bus stoplift v. Please lift the box.n.. Take the lift.[注意] ①词形不变，读音的差别（字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词）use v.使用use n.用途excuse v.原谅excuse n.借口②词形改变的转化：live v.生活life n.生活fill v.装满full adj.满的save v.救safe adj.安全的enter v.进入entrance n.入口处different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处important--importancedifferent—difference3。
八年级构词法
1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
初中八年级英语构词法专题复习讲解
初中八年级英语构词法专题复习讲解【课程导读】语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。
一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新的词的产生，大抵服从语法的法则，有其规律可循。
语言的这种“弃旧创新”不断完善和发展的过程体现出一种规律--构词法（word-formation）。
The room faces east.句中east由名词转化为副词（词义引申为“向东方”）。
【派生法】加前缀：happy -- unhappy加后缀：develop ---development既加前缀又加后缀：employ –unemployment方式：在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。
前缀通常改变的是词义，后缀通常改变的是词类，但是也有例外。
如果能理解这些前缀或后缀的含义，对使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。
（1）前缀：很多前缀都可以表示否定的意义。
un- 形容词或副词前(动词) ：unhappy, unnecessary, unusual, untiein- im-, il-, ir- 形容词或副词前：incomplete, impossible, illegal, irregulardis- 动词前（名词）：dislike, disbelieve, dishonormis- 名词、动词前：mistake, misunderstanding, misfortune其他常用前缀：re- “再一次，重新”动词及名词、形容词前(= again) ：renew,续借reborn, rebuild, reappear, retellfore- “在前面” 动词或名词前(= before) ：foreleg, foresee, foretell预言, foreknow预卜pre- “在前、事先、预先” 名词或形容词前：prepay, prewar, preschoolpost-“在后边”（时间和顺序）名词或形容词前：post-war, post-graduatea- “向着” 动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词：asleep, along, aloud, alive, acrossco- “联合、共同” 名词或动词前：co-worker, cooperateinter- “互相”、“在一起“名词、形容词前构成动词：interchange, international, interactmid- “中间” 名词前：midday, midnightover-“过多的，穿过”：oversupply, overweight, overseatele-“远”：telephone, telegram, televisiontrans-“跨越，转移”：transplant, transportbi- “两个”：bicycle, biannualtri-“三”：triangle，tripletsunder-“下面的”：underground, undergraduatesub-“下面的”：subway, subtitle个别前缀也可以引起词类的变化，如：en-可以和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge, enable, encourage小练习：Can you tell me the meanings of the following words?（把词义尝试写在下边）incorrect impersonal irresponsibleillogical remarry uncommontelescope underline enslavedissatisfy tricycle bilingualprehistory（2）后缀：常用的构成名词的后缀—表示人或物-er 从事…职业的人，…地方的人，也可表示物：teacher, worker, Londoner, washer, lighter -or 与-er同义：visitor, conductor, educator-eer 从事于...的人: engineer, volunteer,-ess 女...的：actress, waitress-ician ...(专)家，...工作者：musician, politician-ist 从事...职业、学术的人，...主义者：artist, socialist, communist 其他名词性后缀：-hood 身份，境遇，状态：childhood, boyhood-ment 行为动作结果：government, movement, development-ness 状态，性质：illness, happiness-ion 动作，状态：discussion, decision, dictation,-th 状态：length, wealth, truth-ship 状态：friendship, membership-ure：failure, temperature, pressure, pleasure-ism：communism, criticism, internationalism-ance appearance, entrance,-dom kingdom, wisdom, freedom-y difficulty, discovery, bravery-al arrival, refusal, disapproval,常用的构成形容词的后缀：-able 能…的 加在名词或及物动词后：valuable, readable-al 有... 性质的 加在名词后：natural, technical-ish 稍带...的，... 气的，用于民族国家地名之后：feverish, childish, English, Spanish -ive 有...倾向的/性质的 加在动词后：instructive, active-ful 充满...的 加在名词后：thankful, powerful, tearful-less 无...的，不能...的 加在名词或动词后：homeless, careless-ous 充满...的，有...特性的 加在名词上：dangerous, famous-y 多... 的，想...的 加在名词上：cloudy, sleepy-ed 有...的，有...特征的 加在名词或动词上：tired, interested-en 由...构(制)成的 加在物质名词上：wooden, woolen-ern ...方的 加在表示方位的名词上：eastern, southern-ly 有...性质的 加在名词或形容词上：yearly, daily, lively-like 像……的 加在名词上：manlike, childlike常用构成动词的后缀：-en 变为，使为 加在形容词、名词上：darken, weaken, deepen-fy 使成为，使...化 加在名词或形容词上：beautify, uglify, satisfy-ize 使成，变成...化 加在名词或形容词上：modernize, realize, sympathize常用的构成副词的后缀：-ly 加在形容词之后 表示状态、程度、时间、次序等：slowly, completely, recently, firstly -ward(s) 加在名词或副词后 表示“向……地” ：eastward(s), backward(s), downward小练习：Can you guess the meanings of the following words? （请把词意写在横线上）recorder editor Marxist hostessprincess cooker socialist leadershipcruelty neighborhood warmth handfulshorten terrify sleeplessness loudlymotherly continuous foolish materialismfearless creative unforgettable总结：在阅读中，如果我们掌握一定数量的前缀和后缀的含义，就可以用它们来推知生词的词义，从而扩大词汇量，提高阅读的效率。
初中英语常见构词法（精编常见单词）
初中英语常见构词法（精编常见单词）中学英语常见构词法派生法：由词根(stems)加前缀(prefixes)和后缀(suffixes)构成新词。
一. 前缀a-(形容词;副词)：almost, awake, aloud,alone, asleep, abroad, alive, arise,co-(共同)：co-exist, co-operate, co-operationover-(过于)：overcome, oversleep, overnightanti-(反,防)：anti-tank, anti-warre-(重复;再)：reusable, recycle, recall, rebuild, return, redesign, remarry, rewrite, retell, reopensuper-(超级,上层)：superstar, superman, supermarket, superherotele-(远程)：telephone, telegraph, telescope(望远镜)mis-(误)：mistake, misunderstand(误会)en-(使可能)：encourage, enable(使成为可能)dis-(否定)：disappear, disagree, disappoint, dishonest, dislike, discover, discouragein-/il-/im-/ir-(不;非)：inside,impolite, impolitely, impossible, imoveable, independent, independence, irregular, irresponsible, indirect, incomplete, invisible(看不见的),illogical(不合逻辑的), illegal(非法的),un-/non-(不;非)：uncomfortable, uncrowed, uneasy, unexpected, unbelievable, unknown, unusual, unusually, unuse, unuseful, unusefully, unfair, unfairness, unluck, unlucky, unluckily, unable, unhappy, unfit, non-conductor(非导体), non-sense,二. 名词后缀-er(…者)：customer, leader, manager, officer, partner, ruler, stranger, climber, keeper, maker, owner, banker, reporter, teenager, winner, foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, worker, teacher, reader, listener, speaker, cleaner, helper, waiter, player, singer, dancer, driver, writer, runner, beginner, passenger, lover, skier, murderer, learner, printer, researcher, Londoner, New Yorker -or(器具;…者)：actor, competitor, visitor, professor, doctor, director, collector, instructor(教员)备注一：通常加“-er/-or ”多为“男性”,加“-ess”多为“女性”waiter男招待, waitress女服务员, actor男演员, actress女演员, lawyer律师, lawyeress女律师, prince王子, princess 公主备注二：从主动,被动上来看,加“-er\-or”为主动,加“-ee ”为被动examiner 主考人,监考员 examinee 参加考试者,受试人(被监考者) employer 雇主(雇佣别人) employee雇员(被雇佣)interviewer会见者 interviewee 被接见者,被访问者-ese(…地方的人)：Chinese, Japanese-ian(精通…的人;…地方的人)：musician, magician, historian, physician, technician-ist(专业人员)：artist, pianist, tourist, terrorist, physicist, scientist, socialist, journalist(新闻记者), dentist, instrumentalist -ment(性质;状态)：government, instrument, achievement, amusement, excitement, improvement, movement, argument, development, agreement-ion：discussion, expression, decision-dom(…范围)：freedom, kingdom-ness(性质;状态)：business, happiness, shyness, illness, kindness, carelessness, sickness, fairness, unfairness, godness, hardness, forgetfulness, darkness-ship：friendship, relationship, leadership, hardship(困苦)-tion(动作;过程;结果)：pollution, suggestion, invention, action, examination, graduation, pronunciation, communication, competition, conversation, satisfaction, education, organization, location, protection, relation, preparation, resolution, collection, operation, impression-hood(…关系,…状况)：childhood, neighborhood, brotherhood, sisterhood-th(某种状况或性质)：growth, warmth, truth, death, health, length, strength-ty(…性)：safety, activity-ce(…性)：importance, difference, confidence, dependence, independence, silence, performance-boy, -girl, -man, -woman(表示人的词来构词)：cowboy牛仔, playboy花花公子, salesgirl女店员, salesperson 推销员, workman产业工人, postman邮递员, workwomen劳动妇女三. 形容词后缀-t：important, different, confident, dependent, independent, silent-al：international, educational, national, historical, medical, musical, professional, social, typical, normal, personal, physical, traditional, accidental, central, environmental, general -an：American, European, Canadian, Italian, Australian, Indian-ern：southern, northern, eastern, western, modern-ful：helpful, harmful, painful, thankful, peaceful, successful, truthful, awful, cheerful, grateful, useful, careful, wonderful, forgetful, hopeful, colorful, beautiful-ary：secondary, imaginary-able/ible：reasonable, horrible, believable, unbelievable, mobile, valuable, disable, available, comfortable, terrible,possible, impossible, enjoyable, moveable, imoveable, workable, countable, uncountable, eatable-ish：foolish, childish, swedish(瑞典的), British, English-ive：active, creative, native, expensive-y：windy, sunny, cloudy, rainy, wealthy, dirty, sleepy, healthy, hairy, icy, noisy, foggy-less：careless, homeless, meaningless, useless, colorless, helpless, hopeless, motherless-ous：serious, humorous, famous, dangerous, courageous, continuous-tic：scientific, fantastic-en：wooden, fallen, golden-ing(修饰物)：interesting, exciting, boring, tiring, surprising -ed(修饰人)：interested, excited, bored, tired, surprised四. 动词、副词和数词后缀-fy(使…化)：simplify, beautify, satisfy, electrify-en(使…变得)：strengthen, lengthen, widen, fatten, blacken, thicken, quicken, harden, soften, weaken-ize(使…成为)：realize (实现), modernize, organize-ly(方式;程度)：freely, exactly, lastly, normally, politely, impolitely, wisely, actually, specially, especially, heavily, mostly, recently, simply, suddenly, beautifully, cheaply, clearly, comfortably, finally, loudly, probably, quietly, quickly, seriously, weekly, badly, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily, carefully, hardly, completely, slowly, kindly, nearly, really, usually, happily, easily -ward(s)(方向)：towards, backward, eastward, forward-teen(十)：fourteen, fifteen, eighteen-ty(整十位数)：twenty, forty, thirty-th(序数词)：twelfth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth五. 截短法:单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法,主要有截头,去尾,截头去尾等形式。
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构词法复习一（初二）———————————————————— 2014.07 —作业1：使用天天单词超过半小时，复习八B Unit 1单词、词组。
1.________________________________________________________________2._________________________________________________________________3._________________________________________________________________4._________________________________________________________________5._________________________________________________________________DictationBrainstorm一．练一练，猜一猜：cold-blooded _________ sleep-walk __________ middle-aged __________ pickpocket _________ good-looking _________ hard-working________ second-hand _______ broken-hearted________ forget-me-not________ Chinese Rose英语构词法种类英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
１. 合成法: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。
复合名词class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词)复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的复合动词 over + come = overcome 克服 (副词+动词) 复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four复合代词 everyone ,somebody, anything, nobody复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs 在楼下( 形容词+名词)二．指出下列词汇的词性及意义1.Most flowers flower in spring.2.We plant lots of plants every year to improve the environment.3.You can water the flowers every three days because they also need water.4.My father will book the new book for me on the Internet.5.Stop running, the bus stop is here.6.I walk to school every day, so I don’t want to go for a walk.7.Look at your watch, what’s the time now? You should go to sleep rather thanwatch TV.2.转化: 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
（一词多义）单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.常见的转化形式：动词--- 名词,名词--- 动词,形容词---动词①动词-----------名词water n. 水------ water vt. 浇水stop v. 停止------- n.车站watch v. 观看--- --------n. 手表look v. 看----have a look n. 看walk v. 散步,走---take a walk n.散步love v. 爱---your love n. 爱②名词-------动词hand n. 手--- vt. 上交seat n. 座位--- vt. 坐time n. 时间--- vt. 定时，测时show n. 展示,秀—--vt. 表演,秀-③形容词---------动词open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)clean(adj. 清洁的)-----clean(v.打扫)slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢)三．按要求写出对应单词1. happy: （反义词）2. agree: （反义词）3. understand: （反义词）4.correct：（反义词）5.sing：（n）6.excite：（adj）7.snow：（adj）8.danger：（adj）常见的前缀表示否定的前缀：un- , in-, im-, dis-①un : usual → unusual, happy → unhappy②in : active → inactive③im : polite → impolite (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)④ dis : like → dislikeagree appearcertain comfortable fairinteresting able importantcorrect directfriendly healthy kindpatient possible properlucky pleasant tidy例1：The time is t oo short. It’s _________(possible) for Daniel to finish this work.例2：My sister is ________(happy) now because she lost her money.例3：Mr Smith is such an ___ man that we all dislike him. ( honest , dishonest)例4：When spring comes, the snow ____(appears , disappears).常见的后缀一、构成名词：-er: teach → teacher, work → worker，①指人-or: visit → visitor, act → actor-ist：art →artistwrite drive dance farm paint play report speak sing run win swim direct inventtour science例1：Is he the best in the diving team? (play , player)例2：My uncle me to play the violin every evening. (teacher , teaches)提高：表女性职业的后缀-tress：waitress，actress②-tion: act→ action，educate→education③-ness : ill → illness，happy → happiness (情感类)④-ing：feel → feelingkind sick dark sadgood busy discuss collect celebrate decide invite protect mean begin meet shopswim paint例1：Thanks for your (kind).例2：They have (feel) of (happy) and (sad). 例3：Goodness me! Your __________(pronounce) is very good.例4：To my ________，I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness提高⑤-ment: development, movement, disappointment二、构成形容词：①-y: health → healthy, rain → rainywind cloud sun snowfog noise fun lucksleep shine例1：It’s a day. Do you still want to swim? (rain , rainy)例2：What’s the weather like today? It’s . (wind , windy)例3：It’s _______(sun) today.Let’s go swimming.②-ly：friend → friendly, day → dailyweek month year love③-ful: help → helpful-less: help → helplesscare use meaninghope taste cheerwonder colour sleepend beauty例1：I think the dictionary is __________(help) to your study.例2：She was so ________(care) that she took my umbrella by mistake.例3：The driver was very __________(thank) to the policeman for his help.④-ed : surprise → surprised-ing : surprise → surprisingbore excite relaxinterest amaze frightenmove例2：It’s very _________ to go hiking into the mountains. I’m ________ about it.(excite) 例3：Beijing is such an ________ city that I’m ________ in it very much. There are many places of _____________(interest).提高：其它一些形容词后缀④-ous: dangerous, humorous⑤-al: traditional, international, nature--natural⑥-able：enjoyable例1：Thank you for your letter and you _______(value) advice.三、构成副词：-ly：careful → carefully，happy → happily,real bad usual easyslow quick quiet real例1：Mrs. Smith smiled ________(happy) when she received a present from her son on Mother’s Day.例2：The woman looked at the young man ________(angry) and didn’t say a word.例3：He put his other shoe under his bed very ________(quiet).例4：It rained ________(heavy), so he didn’t go to work yesterday.例5：Now there was enough light, so the doctor was able to see ________(clear).四、构成数词：-teen：thirteen-ty：twenty-th：twelfth例1：July is the ________(seven) month of the year.例2：Yunman University has a long history. It has celebrated its _________(eighty) birthday.例3：It’s October the ________(nine). It’s my mother’s birthday.【提高】4.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。