2015职称英语教材新增文章汇总 综合类新增文章汇总
2015年1月25号综合类(完型填空解答)
试题分析
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词汇：
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migrant/adj.移民的 compensate/v.补偿
allied/adj.与此相关的 routine/adj.日常的 taxation/n.税，税款 注释： 1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East…：中东地区的情况尤为 如此…… 2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East…： 由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件……in view of是个短语，表示原因或 理由。
2015年职称英语综合类新增文章
课文分析和题目分析
解题技 巧
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、 做 题 总 思 路 ： 从分析题型的设计知道，这类题其实是前三类考题（“阅读判 断”、“概括大意与完成句子”和“补充短文”）的进一步提升， 就是要加大对短文信息量的摄取。所以，做前三类题的步骤和技巧， 特别是思路和逻辑推理方法，也是十分适用其类题的。 针对这类题的要求和特点：是要在4个选项单词中选出1个符合 语法知识、逻辑结构和前后内容意思衔接的单词，补充到原文划线 的填空处句子，使原文成为一篇意思完整、前后连贯的短文；根据 其要求与特点，有的放矢，我们还是运用综合分析排除法来选出正 确的答案：一是不符合“语法词法句法”的排除，二是不符合“逻 辑结构关系”的排除，三是不能使填空处“内容意思连贯”的排除。 要正确运用这些方法，当然能通读并读懂原文最好，因为这类 题的原文难度一般是比较适中（长度大约150个词左右），较容易 掌握其大意。如果不能完全读懂，至少要读懂填空处句子的意思。 所 以 其 重 点 是 真 空 处 所 在 的 句 子 。 1
2014年和2015年职称英语综合B新增
2015综合B新增文章Style, Not FashionStyle goes way beyond fashion: It is the distinctive way we put ourselves together. It is a unique blend of spirit and substance-personal identity imposed oil and created through the world of things. _____ (1) It is what people really want when they aspire to be fashionable. (if they aren't just adorning themselves in status symbols).Through clothes, we reinvent ourselves every time we get dressed. Our wardrobe is our visual vocabulary. Style is our distinctive pattern of speech, our individual poetry.Fashion is the least of it. Style is, for starters, one part identity: self-awareness andself-knowledge. _____ (2) And style requires security-feeling at home in your body, physically and mentally. Of course, like all knowledge, self-knowledge must be updated asyou grow evolve; style takes ongoing self-assessment.Style is also one part personality: spirit: verve, attitude, wit, inventiveness. It demandsthe desire and confidence to express whatever mood one wishes. Such variability is not only necessary but a reflection of a person's unique complexity as a human being. _____ (3) In order to work, style must reflect the real self, the character and personality of the individual; anything less appears to be a costume?Lastly, style is one part fashion. It's possible to have lots of clothes and not an ounce of style. But it’s also possible to have very few clothes and lots of style. Yes, fashion is themeans through which we express style, but it takes fewer clothes to be stylish than you might imagine.Whatever else it is, style is optimism made visible. Style presumes that you are a personof interest: that the world is a place of interest that life is worth making the effort for. It also shows that you are morally responsible. It shows that you don't buy things at the whim of the marketplace or the urging of marketers. _____ (4) Style exposes people's ambivalence over good looks. It always demonstrates that appearances do count. Deep down we suspect this, since we ourselves make judgments about others from how they look.No one should be penalized for not having style, of course, but those who have it are distinctive and thus more memorable. _____ (5) They announce to the world that they are in command of themselves.词汇adorn v.装饰，使更美观wardrobe n. (个人的）全部服装suspect v.怀疑，猜想wit n.风趣，说话风趣的人blend v.混在一起，混合ambivalence n.矛盾心理，矛盾心态注释2015 职称英语备考1. aspire to be fashionable:渴望赶上时尚潮流2. an ounce of style: 一丁点的风格3. at the whim of:心血来潮（突发奇想）练习A It is a way of capturing something vibrant, making a statement about ourselves in clothes.B Fashion is part of style.C Rather, you focus on what is personally suitable and expressive.D You can’t have sty le until you have a sense of who you are.E They create a unique identity for themselves and express it through grooming and a fewwell-chosen clothes.F People want to be themselves and to be seen as themselves.答案与题解A 第一段都在解释什么是风格，六个选项中A、B、D 三项都涉及风格，根据文章内容和句式的排比可以看出答案是选项A。
新增15年职称
理工类阅读理解第九篇An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.【练习】1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” meansA heavy.B extra.C green.D liquid.2．Which of the following does not move through a plant’s stomata?A Carbon dioxide.B Water vapor.C Oxygen.D Food.3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers toA photosynthesis.B the formation of glucose.C global warming.D water getting to the roots of plants.4．This passage is primarily developed byA explaining a process.B telling a story.C comparing and contrasting.D convincing the reader of plants’ importance.5．Another good title for this passage would beA Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.B Plants and Their Roots.C How Photosynthesis Works.D Why Our Earth Needs Water.理工类阅读理解第二十二篇Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate.A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.【练习】1．Another good title for this passage would beA Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.B Artificial Intelligence Programs.C Today’s Robots and How They Function.D Modern-Day Sensors.2．Artificial intelligence isA the unnatural way in which robots move.B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will beA more humanlike in behavior and actions.B more like automatic machines.C better able to move on inclines.D better equipped with laser light sensors.4．The writer begins the passage by comparingA the shape of a human being with a box.B a modem robot with a fictional robot.C an imaginary machine with a human.D a computer program with artificial intelligence.5．The word humanoid meansA lacking human characteristics.B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.C being void or vacant.D having a human form or characteristics.理工类补全短文第五篇A Record-Breaking RoverNASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. ____1____On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.____2____ “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”OPPORTUNITYThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. ____3____Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. ____4____MARATHON ROVERThe rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. ____5____Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.【练习】A It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.B He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.D Opportunity has been working on Mars since January 2004.E The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.理工类补全短文第九篇Lightening StrikesThree years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1____ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2____ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works.____3____ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time, she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ____4____ The best place to be is inside a car!The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. ____5____Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.【练习】A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impressive displays of nature’s power.D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.E Occasionally there are warning signs.F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.理工类补全短文第十三篇Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. ____1____Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures —even objects.For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2____ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ____3____ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.____4____ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ____5____People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.【练习】A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.。
2015年职称英语新增文章(理工类B级)
3．What did cope realize about a great composer’s brain?
AIt forms new musical patterns all by itselfBIt writes a computer programCIt can recognize any music patternsDIt creates an accurate database
4．Who is Emmy?
Aa databaseBa computer softwareCa compபைடு நூலகம்ser who helped DavidDan opera
5．We can infer from the passage that ______.
ADavid Cope is a computer programmer.BDavid Cope loves music.CBach’s music helped him a lot.DEmmy did much more work than a composer.
.ARight
6．Men and women dream about different things.ARight
7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.BWrong
The Biology of Music
1．Humans, but not animals, can sing.BWrong
What Is a Dream?
2015 年卫生类职称英语ABC级新增文章答案和译文
A HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ravaged his body, an inuest heard. Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins. Now his families are considering legal action against York Hospital, saying that his death was “untimely and unnecessary”.
The operation went ahead on November lO,but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest. A scan revealed he had had a pulmonary embolism,a condition related to DVT. Mr. Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November 16.
Mr Newbold, a 52-year-old maintenance worker, went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot. He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with1 Fragmin, a drug which counters the effects of DVT. However, hospital staff wrongly admitted him to2 an orthopedic ward, where he stayed for two days, before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon. Twenty-four hours later, on November 6, doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg below the knee.
职称英语2015新增
2015年全国职称英语考试理工类新增文章汇总word版全网独一份注：押题皇后王霞老师授意，新增文章仍然是考试热门文章，务必掌握。
2015年职称英语教材理工类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。
2015年职称英语教材理工类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读理解和补全短文：阅读理解理工C和理工B各新增一篇文章；补全短文理工A、B和C各新增一篇文章。
完形填空理工类整体都没有新增文章。
第九篇 An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.词汇：nutrient n.营养物organism n.生物体，有机体carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳chloroplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vapor n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlorophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1.Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。
职称英语教材新增文章详解
xx职称英语教材新增文章详解xx年时间已经公布，距离现在还有20天时间。
今年的职称英语考试新增了文章，也出现了一个很有趣的现象，理工卫生综合的新增文章都是补全短文，都是新增了5篇文章，而且内容也一样。
了“Common Questions about Dreams”这篇补全短文，这是综合C,理工C以及卫生C的新增文章，供大家学习。
Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep ours every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. 2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring itback2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the d etails of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they e from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will bee clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)motive /m?utiv/n. 动机stuffed /st?ft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2015年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章(小抄版)
第五篇Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, … The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, …184 people had died.In April 1984,…By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, …, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n. 免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物vaccine n. 疫苗blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n. 症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n. 座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况注释：1. play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2. be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3. can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1. This passage is mainly about ____.A. the spreading of the disease known as HIVB. the work of Dr. Robert GalloC. infectious diseasesD. the symptoms of HIV2. A T-cell is a ____. A. patient’s blood B. deadly strain of tuberculosisC. white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD. red blood cell3. The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A. have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB. have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC. have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD. are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4. The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A. chronological orderB. personal narrativeC. comparison and contrastD. question and answer5. The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A. made extremeB. celebratedC. remove by rubbingD. gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1.A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
职称英语综合类新增文章
职称英语综合类新增文章————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ2011年职称英语等级考试大纲没有变化,2010年考试大纲仍可沿用,2011年职称英语等级考试教材在2010年基础上进行了调整与修订，与20１0年教材相比,２01１年职称英语综合类教材在词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文四大题型上都没有变换,只有阅读理解与完型填空两个题型上有部分变化，以下是具体变化:综合类教材变化内容：阅读理解:第八篇(C级）：Thｅ State ｏf Marriage Tｏday第三十八篇（B级):Excessiｖe Ｄeｍands on Young Pｅoplｅ第四十七篇(A级）:ＳｐoiｌｔfoｒＣｈoiｃe完型填空:第五篇（ｃ级):Why Ｐｅople Use Pseuｄｏnyms第十二篇(B级)：Sport or Spectacｌe？第十五篇（Ａ级):Lｉfe Expｅctａnｃy ｉｎthe Ｌａst Hｕndred Ｙeａrs综合类阅读“TｈｅBest Ｗay ｔo Reｄｕce Your Ｗeight”被更新成了“Spoｉltｆor Cｈoｉｃe”第八篇ﻫThe Ｓtatｅof Marｒiage ＴodaｙﻫＩｓtｈere sometｈｉng serioｕsｌy wｒong wｉth marrｉage toｄay? Ｄｕriｎg tｈe past 50 years，the rａｔｅoｆdivoｒce in the Ｕnited Stａｔeｓhas exploded:aｌmost 50%of marｒｉagｅｓeｎd ｉｎdivorｃe ｎow，ａnd tｈe eviｄeｎce suｇgｅstsｉt is goｉngｔｏgｅt worse.Iｆthis trend contiｎueｓ.it wilｌleａd to ｔhｅbrｅａkup ｏf thｅfamily，ａｃｃoｒｄｉng tｏ a spoｋesｐｅｒsｏn for the Ｎatｉonal ＦａmｉlｙAssociatioｎ.Ｓoｍe fuｔurists ｐreｄｉｃt thａt in l 00 ｙears.the ａverａge Ameriｃａnｗiｌl m ａrｒy at leaｓt four ｔimes．and extramaritaｌaｆfairs will ｂｅeven ｍorｅcoｍmoｎｔhan they ａre ｎoｗ.But what aｒe ｔhe reasonｓｆor this,ａnｄｉs tｈｅpicture reaｌly so gloｏｍｙ?Ｔhｅaｎｓwer to the fiｒｓt ｑuestioｎis ｒeａlly quitｅsｉmplｅ:ｍarriａgｅis no ｌoｎger the nｅcｅssit ｙitｏnce was.Tｈe instiｔution of marｒiage has ｂｅen based ｆor ｙearｓpartｌｙoｎeconomic nｅed.Women ｕsｅd to bｅecｏnomiｃallｙdepｅｎdｅnt ｏｎthｅiｒhｕsbａndsａs ｔｈｅy usually didn’t have jｏbs oｕtsｉde tｈe ｈoｍe.Bｕｔwｉth the ｒisｉnｇnumｂer of ｗomen in ｗell—pａying jobs,ｔhis is ｎo lｏnger the case，sｏthey doｎ’t feel thaｔｔheｙｎeed to sｔaｙin a failinｇmarriaｇｅ.ﻫIn aｎsｗer to thｅseconｄquestion,ｔhｅoutｌoｏk maｙnot be as pｅｓsimｉstiｃａs it ｓeems.Whiｌe thｅrate of divorceｈａｓrｉsen,the ｒate of coupｌes marrｙing hａs nevｅr aｃtuaｌｌy fａlｌeｎvery mucｈ,so marrｉage is still qｕite pop ｕlar.In adｄition tｏｔhis.many couplｅｓnow ｃohabiｔａnd dｏn’t bｏthｅr to marry．Theｓe coupｌｅs are efｆectively maｒｒied,ｂut they do not ａppeａr in eiｔher ｔhｅmarriage or divoｒce sｔatistics．Iｎｆaｃｔ．moｒe ｔｈan50%Ofｆirst maｒriaｇｅs suｒvive．Thｅｓtatist ｉcs ａre deceptiｖe bｅcause tｈereｉs a highｅｒｎuｍber of diｖorces in seconｄaｎd ｔhｉｒｄｍarrｉａges ｔhａｎｉｎfｉrｓｔmaｒｒｉages.So is mａrriage reａlly an outｄatｅｄinｓtitutｉｏn? Thｅfａct that most peｏple stilｌgｅt mａrried indiｃates that it ｉsｎ’t.And iｔｉs also true thaｔｍarｒｉed coｕples haｖe a ｈｅａlt ｈｉer life thａn single peｏple：they suffer leｓs ｆrom streｓs aｎｄｉｔs coｎsequeｎcｅs,ｓｕch a ｓheart ｐrｏbleｍs,ａnd marrｉｅｄmeｎgｅnｅrａｌlｙconsidｅr themselｖes moｒe ｃontenｔedｔhan their singｌｅcounｔerｐａrts.Perhａps tｈe keｙiｓtoｆｉnd out wｈaｔｍａkｅs ａsucｃｅｓsｆul ｍａｒriaｇｅanｄａpｐly ｉｔto all of ouｒｒｅｌationships！词汇：ﻫDiｖorce n.离婚Evideｎce n.证据，迹象Fuｔurist n．未来主义者Exｐｌodｅv．激增，迅速扩大ﻫPｒedict ｖ．预言，预料，预报Exｔramariｔaｌadj．婚外的ﻫGｌoomy ａdj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的Institutｉｏn n.制度,习俗ﻫOutlook n.展望，前景ﻫPesｓｉmiｓｔｉc aｄj．悲观的ﻫCohabｉt ｖ．同居ﻫEff ｅctively ad.实际上Staｔisｔics n．统计,统计资料Dｅｃeptiｖe adj．迷惑的,骗人的ﻫＯutｄated adj．旧式的，过时的Indicaｔｅv．表明，暗示Conｓｅqueｎce ｎ.结果，后果Conｔented adｊ.满足的，满意的Counｔeｒｐart n.对应的人（或物)注释：ﻫNaｔioｎal FａmilｙAｓsociaｔioｎ:美国国家家庭联合会ﻫﻫ练习：1.Which iｓtrue aboｕt the problem of mａrriage iｎｔｈe UnｉteｄStatｅs todａｙ?A)Dｉｖｏrceｌeａdｓto ｔhe breakup ｏf tｈｅfamｉlｙ.B）Hａlｆof tｈe mａrriｅｄcｏuples gｅtｄivorced：C) Ａmericａn people maｒry more thaｎｆoｕr timeｓ.ﻫＤ）More andｍore peoplｅaｒe gｅｔtｉngｄiｖoｒｃed．2.Wｈａt dｏｅs “ｔhｉｓｉs no ｌoｎger theｃaｓe” in paｒaｇｒaph two meａn?ﻫ A) It iｓｎot nｅcessaryｔo geｔmaｒｒied anｙｍｏｒe.Ｂ) Womenｄo nｏｔneed a huｓｂａnd anｙｌoｎgｅr．C)Woｍeｎarｅnot ｅｃｏｎomiｃaｌly dｅｐenｄａｎt any morｅ.D）Mａny wｉves dｏwｅlｌ-payiｎｇjｏbs ｏutside home now.ﻫ3．Wｈy mayｔhe outｌook of ｍarriage noｔbe as gloomy ａｓiｔａppｅarｓ?Ａ)Many pｅoplｅstill ｌike to get married.B) Tｈe rate of divorceｈas ａctuａｌlｙdecrｅａsed．C) Ovｅｒ５０%of the ｍarｒiaｇes coｎtｉnｕe to exｉst.D) Tｈe statiｓtics oｆdiｖorcｅis ｎotｑuiteｔrue。
2015职称英语卫生类新增文字全文翻译(全)
*第七篇Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise. It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problems. According to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks.Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours of sleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night and a shorter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their emplo yees follow this advice. They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only for 20 minutes. They say this makes the workers much more efficient.To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientists use a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, a person stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believe that a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes or longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect how much sleep we need. People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14 hours a night. However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep as little as six hours, without having any problems.Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.今天，我们听到越来越多的有关充足睡眠重要性的讨论，即每日保证8小时的睡：睡眠能有助于我们修复损伤并为我们的身体和大脑提供能量。
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2015职称英语备考2015年综合类职称英语教材新增文章详情2015年职称英语教材综合类的变动比较小，一共只有6篇新增文章。
2015年职称英语教材综合类新增的6篇文章，分布在阅读判断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合C新增一篇文章；阅读理解综合C和综合B各新增一篇文章；补全短文综合A、B和C各新增一篇文章。
完形填空综合类整体都没有新增文章。
2015年职称英语教材新增文章的对比目录如下：综合C阅读判断新增文章第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water i n the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished2015职称英语备考their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.词汇stretch v.延伸，伸展calorie n.卡（路里)，小卡，大卡quit v.停止，放注释1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......练习1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned6. Luckily, they never got lost.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.A. RightB. WrongC. mentioned答案与题解1. A文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。
题干表述正确。
2. B文中提到三人每天从早上5点开始跑一直到上午11点，又从下午5点开始跑到晚上9点半，所以总共跑10.5个小时。
题干表述不正确。
3. A文中讲到三人上午11点停下来休息一直到下午5点再继续跑，所以在一天的中午，他们停止跑步。
题干表述正确。
4. A原文中讲到高温使他们生病。
所以题干表述正确。
5. A文中提到有时刮起大风导致他们什么也看不到，所以他们会因为起风而看不到路。
题干表述正确。
6. B文中最后一段讲到他们有一次迷路了，所以不是从来没有迷路。
题干表述不正确。
7. C文中只提到他们跨越沙漠的长度，并没有提到穿过几个国家。
所以，题干表述文中没有提到。
综合C补全短文新增文章2015职称英语备考Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life…and tears are very useful. _____ (1) These create a film over the eye's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.Tears relieve stress, but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. "People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. _____ (2) As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.Almost any emotion —good or bad, happy or sad —can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. _____ (3)When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock, anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise _____ (4) Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places, like under the bedcovers or in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. _____ (5) “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the problem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.词汇make-up n. 化妆（品）psychotherapist n. 心理治疗师runny nose 流鼻涕infection n. 感染，传染release v. 释放built up组合的，拼合的注释1. …create a film over the eye’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。