南非前总统曼德拉生平简介英文版

南非前总统曼德拉生平简介英文版
Nels on Rolihlahla Man dela was born in Tran skei, South
Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was Chief He nry Man dela of the Tembu Tribe. Man dela himself was educated at Un iversity College of Fort Hare and the Uni versity of Witwatersra nd and qualified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Con gress in 1944 and was en gaged in resista nee aga inst the ruling National Party's apartheid policies （种族隔离政策）after 1948. He went on trial（受审for treason（叛国）in 1956-1961 and
was aquitted （被判无罪）in 1961.
After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nels on Man dela argued for the sett ing up of a military wi ng（派，翼）within the ANC. In June 1961, the ANC executive co nsidered his proposal on the use of violent tactics（战术）and agreed that those members who wished to invoIve themselves in Mandela's campaig n would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC.
This led to the formatio n of Umkho nto we Sizwe（Spear of the nation 民族之矛）.Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years'
imprisonment with hard labour. In 1963, when
many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkh onto we Sizwe
were arrested, Man dela was brought to sta nd trial with them for plotting （密谋）to overthrow the government by violenee. His statement from the doek（被告席）received eonsiderable intern ati onal publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, in cludi ng Man dela, were senten ced to life impris onment. From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated （监禁）at Robben Island Prison, off Cape T own; thereafter, he was at Pollsmoor Prison, n earby on the mainland.
During his years in pris on, Nels on Man dela's reputati on
grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most sig ni fica nt black leader in South Africa and became a potent （强有力的）symbol of resista nee as the an ti-apartheid moveme nt gathered strength. He consistently（—贯地）refused to compromise his political positi on to obta in his freedom.
Nels on Man dela was released on February 18, 1990. After his release, he plun ged himself wholeheartedly in to（全身
投入）his life's work, striving to（奋斗）attain the goals he and others had
set out almost four decades earlier. I n 1991, at the
first n ati onal conference of the ANC held in side South Africa after the orga ni zatio n had bee n banned in 1960, Man dela was elected Preside nt of the ANC while his lifelo ng friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation's National Chairpers on.
These are some other interesting facts, the ones the press do not like to reveal:
He was the leader and co-fo un der of the ANCs' military
wing - MK.（非国大军事组织）They were responsible for many terrorist attacks and the death of many innocent civilians.He was impris oned for his terrorist
activities.Apartheid（种族隔离）was not ended by Mandela nor the ANC, but by a referendum（公民投票，复决权）put forward to the white
overwhel min
gly
people of South Africa by the Preside nt at the time - F.W de Klerk. The
white people of South Africa
voted for a free democratic South Africa.There was ano ther recipie nt （ 接受者）of the
Nobel Peace
Prize with Nels on Man dela - F.W de Klerk. Man dela has con ti nu ously dow nplayed （ 贬彳氐）the whites con tributi on to ending Apartheid.
The ANC is a three parted party, con sisti ng of the ANC, the South Africa n com munist party and the Con gress of South Africa n Trade union s.
The com munist party is and always has bee n an in tegral
（基本的）part of the ANC which is why many foreig n compa nies thi nk twice before inv est ing in South Africa. These are the facts, on ly the facts. Do your own research and make up your own mind before you believe everyth ing the press tells you.。