学术英语(社科)_Uint4含答案分析解析

Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Lead-in
Task Listen to a talk twice and complete the following notes.
Content: Sociology studies human life and social and historical influences on it.

Sociology shows the need to take a much broader view of why we are as we are, and why we act as we do.
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
2 Sociologists study social _______________________________, patterns that many people share look for root _____________________________________________ causes of such social patterns in the way society is ____________________. organized and governed

Using the example of love to illustrate the nature and objectivities of sociology.
→ Love expresses a mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another. → Falling in love is an experience arising from universal human emotions.
学术英语社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
4
The Study of Society and People
We live in a world today that is increasingly more complex. Why are the living conditions of our times so different from those of earlier times? How will our lives change in the future? These are the questions that lead us to the study onit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
Look beyond the surface of their actions; Study the social context; Compare this tragedy with other mass murders to see if there was a pattern in the group characteristics (social class, race, gender, age, or cultural background);
However falling in love is not an experience most people across the world have; and having no connection with marriage. e.g. In the Middle age and for centuries after ward (Para. 6) Romantic love (Para 7) Among both rich and poor, the decision of whom to marry was made by family and kin. e.g. India (Para 8)
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
• Text A – Critical reading and thinking – Difficult sentences – English language for academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language

Functions sociology serves:
→ show us the need to look beyond the surface of people’s actions and study the social context;
→ teach us to try to identify general patterns of behavior and be systematic in explaining the social influences on these patterns.
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
1 Introduce the topic of sociology by using the example.
What is sociology?
•
Definition: the study of human social life, groups, and societies. Wide scope of sociological study: ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between individual on the street to the investigation of global social processes.
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
e.g. comparison between common people and sociologists in explaining the mass murder. Common people
•
•
sociologists
•
• •
•
The two teens were obsessed with the video game. Many commentators denounced the easy availability of weapons. Others saw the tragedy as a symbol of the emptiness of suburban life.

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研究生学术英语答案Unit 4

Section A
Forrest Jenny
Part 1 Lead-in
Forrest’s mom
foolish courageous energetic
Bubba Lieutenant Dan
energetic
courage ous sweet
sweet slovenly stupid
diligent
sympath etic
affectionate diligent sympathetic affectionate
intelligent irritated loving evil disrespectful cruel loving irritated
healthy
healthy brutal efficient
1. Which are the first lines of the film? A) Hello. I’m Forrest, Forrest Gump let me tell you my story. B) Hello. I’m Forrest Gump and this is Jenny, my Jenny. C) Hello. My name’s Forrest, Forrest Gump. You want a √ chocolate. D) Hello. Forrest Gump is my name and glad to meet you.
Bubba Lieutenant Dan
determin ed caring loyal
faithful
insolent
true
convincing
Section A
Forrest Jenny

学术英语第四单元练习答案PPT课件

.
5
The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.
.
6
2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)
.
3
7. 培育生物多样性 8. 控制污染 9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏 10. 扩大清洁产业 11. 集体世界观 12. 生态经济
.
4
Task 2 Signpost Language
1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)
Hale Waihona Puke .9If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)

大学英语精读课后答案第四单元

• Objective 4: To familiarize students with different cultural and social perspectives on college life through the texts and encourage them to think critically about the issues they raise.
Subthemes
The subthemes include understanding and adapting to different cultural norms, the challenges posed by cultural differences, and the importance of cultural sensitivity and openness.
Discussion and reflection on related topics
• Related Topics: The article also touches on related topics such as the role of language in cultural differences, the influence of media and technology on cultural communication, and the importance of education in promoting cultural understanding.
句子分析
复杂句型：文章中包含一些复杂的句型，如长句、从句、被动句等，这些句型对提高读者的阅读理解能力有很大帮助。
句子翻译：对于一些难以理解的句子，文章还提供了中文翻译和解释，以帮助读者更好地理解文章内容。

学术英语课后答案 unit4

Unit 4 Writing a Literature ReviewI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit, you will learn how to:1.write a self-contained literature review2.write a literature review as a part of an essay3.cite sources by correct quotation and paragraphs4.give the appropriate documentation to the source you use5.avoid different kinds of plagiarism6.identify common knowledge7.acquire paraphrasing skills8.enhance language skills related with reading and listening material presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures1 Writing a literature reviewTask 11 The four articles were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure.3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.4 Answers may vary.5 It seems that Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy.Task 2Compared with uranium which the production of conventional nuclear power needs, there is more lithium in the sea water which can support 30 million years’ fusion fuel.Task 31 Review the previous related studies2 State the previous s tudies’ limitation3 Announce the direction for further studies2 Writing a self-contained literature reviewTask 11 Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group.2 To report the past studies of the topic. Studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousnes s of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization.3 Three articles.4 Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) thought that a common respond to the mentally ill are rejection and fear of violence. Another article concluded that rejection and fear are caused by less contact with mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found that any type of contact with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.5 1) What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced?2) This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003).Task 2Text 11Title: Risks of Nuclear PowerAuthor(s): Bernard L. CohenSource: .Summary: Radiation from nuclear power is feared to have the potential of causing a cancer or some genetic diseases. This fear, however, is dismissed by Cohen after he compares artificial radiation and the radiation that occurs naturally in our environment, analyzing their respective impact on human health. Cohen separately discusses the different sources of nuclear power risks and arrives at the following conclusions: 1) the probability of real reactor accidents, with the safety system of defense in depth, are extremely small; 2) radioactive waste, if properly handled, causes negligible damage; 3) other radiation problems, such as accidents in transportation or radon exposures in mining, are also not so threatening as they seem to be. In summary he believes that radiation due to nuclear power will cause much fewer cancers and deaths than coal burning. (130 words)Text 12Title: How Radiation Threatens HealthAuthor(s): Nina BaiSource: Scientific AmericanSummary: Nina Bai addresses the widespread concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure in the wake of Fukushima nuclear crisis. She discusses three determinative factors: thelevel, type and duration of radiation exposure. First, radiation sickness usually occurs when there is excessive dose of exposure, though the limits of radiation level differ for the general public, radiation workers, and patients going through medical radiation. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two, albeit being lower energy, are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Finally, Bai draws on the lesson of Chernobyl, and concludes radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. (136 words)Text 13Title: Should Nuclear Radiation Found in Domestic Milk Come as a Surprise?Author(s): Amber CornelioSource: http://www. Summary: Amber Cornelio (2011) maintains that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster h as threatened the daily life of ordinary Americans. He challenges the government’s view that radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. He believes the government has failed to do the job of protecting people. In the end, he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line. He warns that covering up the facts is not the key to avoid similar disasters in the future. (108 words) 66Text 14Title:Radiation and Health: The Aftershocks of Japan’s Nuclear DisasterAuthor(s): Susan BlumenthalSource: http://www. Summary: Susan Blumenthal (2011) aims to inform people of nuclear radiation with scientific facts. She starts the essay with a reference to the worldwide spread of fear in the wake of Fukushima disaster and then explains what radiation is. The explanation is followed by a report of different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She goes on to tell that an exposure to those materials will increase the risks of some major diseases. However, she concedes radiation is not so menacing as was assumed and humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. Whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. She warns that exposure to high doses of radiation can lead to acute health problems. Long-term low dose exposure to radiation is equally fatal. (137words)Task 3The release of substantial amounts of radiation into the atmosphere from Fukushima nuclear plant has triggered widespread concerns over the use of nuclear power and the health effects of radiation exposure. Since the Chernobyl disaster, especially the Fukushima nuclear crisis, many scientists and scholars have attempted to estimate the effect of nuclear radiation on human health. Cohen (2011) believes the fear that nuclear radiation will cause a cancer or other genetic diseases is unnecessary. He made a detailed analysis of the effects of accidents in nuclear power plants,accidents in transporting radioactive materials and escape of radioactive wastes from confinement systems on human health by comparing the effects of coal burning. Cohen arrived at the following conclusions: nuclear radiation, if properly handled, causes negligible damage and much fewer deaths than coal burning. Cohen’s idea is shared by Bai (2011). Bai discussed three determinative factors: the level, type and duration of radiation exposure. She found that radiation sickness usually occurs only when there is excessive dose of exposure. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Bai concluded that radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. Blumenthal (2011) did similar research. She examined different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She found that an exposure to those materials would increase the risks of some major diseases. However, the radiation is not somenacing as was assumed as humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. She believes that whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. Only exposure to high doses of radiation or long-term low dose exposure could lead to acute health problems.Contrary to the three scholars, however, Cornelio (2011) maintained that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster threatened the daily life o f ordinary Americans. He challenges the government’s view that radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. Hence he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line.3 Writing a literature review as a part of an essayTask 11 Content-based instruction (CBI) is an alternative approach to teaching English. In such an approach, language teaching is integrated within discipline-specific content courses. The major goal is to equip students with academic literacy skills across the curriculum. CBI has gained wide acceptance in U.S. undergraduate institutions.2 Numerous research studies demonstrate consistently that content-based second language teaching promotes both language acquisition and academic success.3 More than 10 articles.4 The literature on CBI has focused mainly on its most immediate effects, i.e., the outcomes of one or two semesters in which content-based instruction was provided. Studies on the sustained or long-term benefits of content-based language instruction are scarce.5 The writer plans to study how will C BI impact students’ future performance both in terms of academic courses and English proficiency.Task 2Nuclear Radiation and Its Long-Term Health EffectThere is a constant controversy as to the application of nuclear power and risks from nuclear radiation ever since the Chernobyl disaster. Especially the release of substantial amounts ofradiation into the atmosphere from Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2010 has triggered the widespread fear and concerns over risks of radiation leaks, radiation exposure, and their impact on people’s health. The commonsensical and intuitive response of the public is that nuclear radiation is most likely to cause a cancer or genetic diseases. Many researchers, however, assured the public that there is no substantial danger as assumed, and nuclear power is not as fearful or menacing as it seems to be. Cohen (2011), Blumenthal (2011) and Bai (2011), for example, cited numerical evidence and resorted to scientific facts to illustrate that a certain level of nuclear radiation risks won’t pose real danger if handled properly with the current technology available or by following the prescribed rules. They do admit the possibility of radiation initiating certain kinds of diseases, though. Only exposure to high doses of radiation or long-term low dose exposure could lead to acute health problems (Bai 2011). Nevertheless, not everyone agrees. Cornelio (2011), on the other hand, holds that nuclear radiation is most likely to threaten people’s health by contaminating milk, vegetables, and rainwater.The literature on the relationship between radiation and health largely focused on the manageability of nuclear risks and played down the damage that nuclear radiation is likely to cause. The researches generally took a detour as to whether there is any solid evidence to bear out the long-term health impact of nuclear radiation. There needs to be more well-grounded studies on the correlation between radiation and health, and on the possible long-term health effects in order to address the concerns of the general public. Besides, we also need to answer questions like “Why is there a disparity between the commonsensical feeling of the public and the explication offered by experts concerning nuclear radiation and health?”, “Are scientists biased and use the facts and statistics to their favor?” and “Is there a long-term negative health impact if one takes moderate doses of nuclear contaminated food over a long period?”Task 3Answers may vary.Task 4Answers may vary.4 CitationTask 1Order Name and date Quotation Paraphrase1 Newell and Simon (1972)√2 Feigenbaum and Feldman (1963) √3 Polya (1945)√4 Minsky (1968)√Task 2Technology plays an ever important role in the making discoveries. Throughout scientific history, many discoveries have been made because of the application of more sophisticated devises and equipment. For example, Galileo’s great discovery was attributed to the improv ementof machinery for making telescopes. And thanks to the Deep See Explorer II, life forms are now known to exist in the deeper parts of the Pacific Ocean despite the great pressure, a fact which defies the previous opinion that there was no life at the extreme depth. (Jones, 2001:125)Task 3Human activities are chiefly responsible for climate change. Despite the dispute as to whether global warming is caused by human activities (McGuire, 2001), carbon dioxide has been proved the major factor for climate change. Carbon dioxide will form a thick gas layer as it is constantly building up in the atmosphere. The gas layer is the killer of the ozone layer—the layer which protects the Earth from harmful radiation, thus causing global warming. It is documented that carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted in a number of ways, among which the burning of fossil fuel can obviously release a great amount of CO2 into the atmosphere (Dalleva, 2007). Another way is deforestation, such as the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. According to Border (2011) 15 to 20% of total carbon dioxide emissions is attributed to land use changes.5 Documentation6 Avoiding plagiarismTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 The sun rises in the east. (CK)2 Paris is the capital of France. (CK)3 Fudan is one of the best universities in China. (not CK)4 Shanghai students speak better English than Sichuan Students because of less accent. (not CK)5 Chinese college students are mostly scientific illiterate. (not CK)6 There are 1.3 billion residents in China in 2011. (CK)7 One can never judge a person by his appearance. (CK)Task 31: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.2: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.3: a) fails to use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.4: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.5: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.6: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.7: a) doesn’t use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.8: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.7 ParaphrasingTask 11: a)2: b)Task 23 Instructivists hold that the “real world”, external to individuals, can be represented as knowledge and determines what will be understood by individuals. This view has been shifting to a constructivist view over the past decade (Merriënboer, 1997).4 Two components must be present in an instructional design theory. The first component (methods) describes how human learning will be supported, and the second component (situation) describes when certain methods ought to be used (Reigeluth, 1999).5 According to Heimlich (1992), man has always had an interest in the environment both as a source of raw materials and as a refuge for the human spirit. Nowadays, the two main e nvironmental interests are based on the concept of “a better quality of life”, as well as the need to replenish the sources of raw materials. In comparison with the pre-1960s, much greater interest in the environment is currently being expressed.6 According to Gredler (2001), the same factors apply to developing complex skills in a classroom setting as to developing complex skills in any setting. A response must be induced, then reinforced as it gets closer to the desired behavior. Reinforcers have to be scheduled carefully, and cues have to be withdrawn gradually so that the new behaviors can be transferred and maintained.Task 31. Use a synonym of a word or phrase1) They can intrude deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby cause a cancer.2) If radioactive material is absorbed into the body, however, it is actually the lower energy alpha and beta radiation that becomes the more dangerous.3) I am simply shocked that officials are understating nuclear radiation levels in the United States as a result of the Fukushima disaster!4) Let officials be forgetful, the rest of us saw it approaching.5) On March 11, 2011, a dimension 9.0 earthquake attacked Japan, causing a destructive tsunami that tore through the coastal regions and leveled the villages in its path.2. Change the order of information1) How the spent fuel is dealt with determines the effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants.2) It is difficult to measure the effects of long-term, low-dose radiation.3) One indication of the terrible situation in Japan is that no sensible man wants to visit there again for the next 80 to 100 years.4) Understandably, panic among masses is what the authorities try to avoid.5) Burns or other symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) vary from person to persondepending on the strength of radiation and the level of exposure.3. Change from the active to the passive or vice versa1) Our cancer risk should be eventually increased by 0.002% (one part in 50,000), thus our life expectancy reduced by less than one hour due to the radiation brought by nuclear technology. 2) 180,000 people have been evacuated by the Japanese government from within a 20 kilometer radius of the Fukushima Daiichi complex.3) Farmers in Japan were asked to keep cows and cattle in barns by Government officials as radioactive contamination of milk spread from Fukushima prefecture, north of Tokyo.4) A sheet of paper can often block Alpha and beta particle radiation as it is lower energy.5) A broad range of acute health problems will arise only among the individuals who are exposed to high doses of radiation such as reactor worker.4. Change the positive into the negative and vice versa1) Since our body cells fail to distinguish between natural radiation and radiation from the nuclear industry.2) No number of noticeable deaths from coal burning was larger than in an air pollution incident where there were 3,500 extra deaths in one week.3) Should any increase in radiation due to a nuclear disaster instead of naturally occurring, be of concern?4) The dairy industry will not stop working closely with federal and state government agencies to ensure that we maintain a safe milk supply.5) Almost no one will experience a broad range of acute health problems due to their exposure to high doses of radiation except for the individuals close to the source of radiation such as reactor workers.5. Change personal nouns into impersonal nouns and vice versa1) The attack of sex cells can cause genetic diseases in progeny.2) Unawareness of the danger led parents to serve contaminated milk to their children.3) Our perplexity results from the increases in diseases, obesity and erratic behavior among our malnutritioned populace.4) Then again, officials tend to downplay everything, so that panic doesn’t occur among the masses.5) A person who is exposed to low dose but long-term radiation will develop chronic health condition including cancer.6. Change complex sentences into simple sentences and vice versa1) There is little likelihood, if any, for the failure of each system in this series of back-ups exists.2) We should not be worried at all.3) The increase in cancer risk is too small to determine unless many exposed subjects are studies.4) Any exposure will lead to certain damage and safety problem.5) Despite a lot of news distraction, we still notice the dire current situation.8 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 111 Match the words with their definitions.1 i2 f3 g4 c5 h6 a7 b8 e9 d 10 j2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 breach2 shallow3 implement4 survivor(s)5 hypothetical6 initiate7 potential8 despite9 neutralize 10 contact 11 transport 12 volume 13 penetrate 14 confirm 15 strategy 16 estimate 17 noticeable 18 generation 19 avert 20 medical 21 disperse 22 integrity 23 compensate3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.is associated with nuclear energy（和原子能有联系）depends somewhat on（某种程度上取决于）take care of（来对付）radiation leakage takes place（辐射泄漏发生）arises from long-time exposure of radiation（由于长时间暴露在辐射下）4 Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中，一般人每秒钟都遭受着自然中15000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X 光检查则带有1000亿个粒子的辐射。

学术综合英语Unit4读写课文A文后词汇练习答案

B. Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each of the following sentences.
1. Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be _____ by lung cancer than non-smokers.
Before Reading
Reading Comprehension
Detailed ReadingR-C-VA2f.t8er Reading
Vocabulary Development
Translation
8. More and more athletes play games just for money. Sport is being _____ by commercialism.
particular person or group
( C) rapport
F. as a matter of convention
( D) covert
G. obedience; submissiveness
Before Reading
Reading Comprehension
Detailed ReadingR-C-VA1f.t2er Reading
Reading Comprehension
Detailed ReadinRg -C-V2A.f1te0r Reading
Vocabulary Development
Translation
10. With an air of authority, as if every jug and bottle in the place existed to _____, the landlord gave Harold his drink.

学术英语(管理)含课后答案_Unit 4

maintains stability;
creates a culture of efficiency.
personal quality: emotional connectedness, open mind, listening, nonconformity, and insight into self
The manager
The leader
administers;
innovates;
is a copy;
is an original;
maintains;
develops;
focuses on systems and structures; focuses on people
relies on control; has a short-range view; asks how and when; has his eyes always on the bottom line; imitates; accepts the status quo;
unit4leadershiptextaoverviewtextanalysiscriticalreadingandthinkingpeterdruckerhaddoubtsaboutcharismaticleadership魅力型领导unit4leadershiptextaoverviewtextanalysiscriticalreadingandthinking?germansociologistmaxweberdistinguishedbackinthe1920sthreeidealtypesofleadershipthe1920sthreeidealtypesofleadershipcharismaticdomination魅力型权威feudaltraditionaldomination封建传统型权威bureaucraticlegaldomination官僚法理型权威unit4leadershiptextaoverviewtextanalysiscriticalreadingandthinkingstrengthofcharismaticleadershipltiltilthlldllf?resultsinrelativelystrongunchallengedlevelsofobedience?usefulinadifficulttimeeg

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案「Unite4」

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案「Unite4」2017全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案「Unite4」“Globalization”是全新版大学英语综合教程4第四单元的主题，下面是店铺整理的课后答案，希望能帮到大家!Unit 4VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn awayI. Cloze1. academics2. networking3.a variety of4. growth5. vanish6. facilitate7. endorsing 8. outlook9. sweeping aside 10. patriotic11. erasing 12. strike a balanceTranslation2Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, youngfarmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for thoseyoung people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises,English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable numberof overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold anoptimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internethas strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere.They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem tocare for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has givenrise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.。

新核心综合学术英语教程 4 unit 4 参考答案

V. Keys to the ExercisesFocusing on ReadingTask 1Task 21) First, to understand the effect of GM crops on us and animals; second, to provide investigation intothe influence of GM crops on mammals, especially on their reproductive function.2) Because it is known that raw soybean contains a number of anti-nutrients and female hormone-likesubstances, a positive control group was created to guarantee the validity of the study.3) The major findings are: first, the mortality rate of the pups from the GM soya group was muchhigher and this high rate continued; second, the weights of the surviving rat pups were lower.4) Table 4 shows the weight distribution of the pups which reveals a much lower weight of the pupsfrom the GM soya group.5) Firstly, the transformation and the insertion of the foreign genes into the sexual/stem cells, or/andinto cells of the fetus. Secondly, the accumulation of Roundup residues in GM soya residues couldproduce negative effects of GM.Task 31) j 2) i 3) g 4) b 5) e 6) f7) c 8) s 9) d 10) q 11) w 12) x13) u 14) o 15) t 16) v 17) a 18) r19) h 20) n 21) m 22) p 23) k 24) l Task 4The most formal ones are: novel, stunt, impede, curb, hamper, allocate, dispense, persist, accumulate,presume, postulate, surmise, detrimental, pernicious, jeopardy, menace, perilTask 51) Therefore, we decided to carry out a study to see how the most commonly used GM crop affectedthe birth rate, death rate and weight gain of rat pups whose mothers were fed diets added withRoundup-Ready soya, a kind of GM food.2) This fact showed that the pups from the GM group were the same age as others, but changesappeared with the development of internal organs. A slight bad effect was found in the group withthe traditional soya, but this effect was not very important.3) The more surprising thing was that the pups were smaller, about half the size, so more milk shouldhave been given to the individual pups. They should have a better chance to grow best, unless theamount, and/or the quality of the milk, were not affected by eating the GM soya flour.Task 6Summary: GMO, with foreign genes from other species, displays certain novel characteristics andundergoes criticisms from scientists worldwide.Task 7Four major sources of the hazards of GMO have been discussed by scientists worldwide and thesehazards have been proved in many investigations. This study intends to f ind the effect of the mostcommonly used GM crop on the birth rate, mortality and weight gain of rat pups. Two weeks before their mating, three groups of rats which were sexually mature received respectively standard laboratory feed, feed supplemented with traditional soya and feed supplementedwith GM soya.It has been found that the GM soya group has a much higher rate of pup mortality than the other twogroups, and the pups continue to die over the period of lactation. This group also has lower weights.Task 8(omitted)Task 9(omitted)Task 10(omitted)Research Paper WritingTask 11) The methods section of Text 4 contains two parts: participants and procedure. The participant parttells the reader the participants (Wistar rats) and the number of rats used. The procedure part givesthe reader a summary of each step in the execution of the research.2) The writer divided the rats into three groups: the experimental group, the control group and thepositive control group. The division was intended to see how the GM crops inf luence the birth rate,mortality and weight gain of rat pups.3) Each step was made clear to prove the validity and reliability of the results and conclusion. Task 21) Y 2) Y 3) N 4) Y1) Y 2) Y 3) N 4) Y1) Y 2) Y 3) Y 4) Y1) Y 2) Y 3) Y 4) YTask 31) Y 2) Y 3) N1) Y 2) Y 3) Y1) Y 2) Y 3) Y1) Y 2) N 3) N1) Y 2) Y 3) YTask 41) Y 2) Y 3) Y 4) Y1) Y 2) N 3) Y 4) YTask 5Similarities: both the two sections give the total number of participants and how the participants werechosen; both stated the equipments or tools used in the experiment; both described the design of theexperiment.Differences: the first section described some demographic characteristics (age and sex) while thesecond did not; the first clarified how the participants were randomly assigned to different groupswhile the second section did not; the second section described how the questionnaire was designed andadministered while the first did not.Task 6—Data for the study were collected ...—The present study is based on research conducted by...—The level of ... was analyzed by the one-way ANOV A, ...—... was checked by the Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square in StatSoft Statistica v6.0 Multilingua(Russia)—This design was used to control ...—The questionnaire was designed cooperatively by ...—Prior to the actual survey the questionnaire was pilot-tested on ...—The questionnaire designed for anonymous response was ...—Participants were randomly assigned to ...—The test was designed to evaluate the difference between ... and ...—..., the responders were asked to mark ...—This procedure was followed in order to prevent the ...Task 7(omitted)Task 81) Similarities: both the two results sections are concise and well-organized, and they both include theimportant findings and use the past tense to present them.Differences: the results section of Text 4 uses tables and figures to present the data, which is clearerto the reader.2) The results section of Text 4 presented its data and results more clearly and readably.3) It uses tables to present the results in a logical way, and to make the data clearer and more readable.4) The titles help the reader to understand the statistics more easily, and without them, it will bedifficult to understand.5) M stands for mean, and it shows the reader which group scored higher and which scored lower inthe experiment.SD stands for standard deviation, which is presented to fortify comparison of means, showing thedifferent results from overall performance of the group.F was coined by George W. Snedecor, in honor of Sir Ronald A. Fisher, an English statistician knownfor his important contributions to statistics, including the analysis of variance. P stands for probability.They should be reported to show whether the difference in the means was statisticallysignificant.Task 9Past tense is used in the results section because the results were collected from the data in theexperiment.Task 10Similarity 1: Both sections use tables to report the data clearly and insert titles on the top of the tables.Similarity 2: Both sections use the past tense to present the data.Similarity 3: Both sections are concise and well-organized.Similarity 4: Paragraphs in both sections begin with an opening sentence telling the reader the aim ofthe experiments.Task 11Title: The number of different types of words recalled in different background music conditionsTask 12Table 1 The effects of time limit and television exposure on reading comprehensionTask 13—From the data it is evident that 36% of ...—The study of ... showed that ...—This fact indicated that ...—A slight negative effect was found in the group which ...—A very high rate of ... was observed in the group of ...—The subjectively estimated prevalence ... was somewhat greater for ... than for ... —Three manipulation-check questions indicated that ...—This survey of ... found that ...—A possible explanation for this finding may be ...—A one-way analysis of variance showed no significant effect of ...—Another one-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect of ...—... with no significant difference between the latter two groups.—No significant effect was found for ...—Unexpectedly, ... had no significant effect on ...—Unexpectedly, ... did not significantly affect ...Task 14shows; were; was; was; stopped; was; suggests; isTask 15(omitted)Academic Survival SkillsTask 1An academic essay is considered formal professional communication, with its primary goals asaccuracy, clarity and completeness. To achieve this style, formal language and clear organization shouldbe adopted. The language used in the article bears the following characteristics:1) Use formal words rather than verb phrases;2) Use long and complex sentences with clauses, nominal phrases;3) Avoid using f irst person or second person pronouns to achieve objectivity;4) Avoid using contractions.Task 21) Failure to protect the environment will cause children to suffer the most.2) These problems need to be addressed.3) However, endangered animals are available in many restaurants.4) Participating in social activities as volunteers can be of great significance to children.Task 3By comparing the above pairs of sentences, we can f ind the functions of nominalization. First, nominalization avoids the use of modal verbs (can, may, etc.), giving more logic to the statement;second, nominalization depersonalizes the statement by avoiding using first and second-personpronouns (I, you, we, etc.), making the writing impersonal and objective and increasing thecredibility; third, nominalization makes the sentence concise and succinct, thus easier for the readerto understand.Task 41) The model provides an explanation for the figure fluctuation in this period.2) But those skills can f ind their application in the exploration of the universe.3) The accidental release of radiation caused damage to a wide area for a long time.4) To obtain most readers’ acceptability and more profitability, the novel follows the most commonlyaccepted notions of morality and justice.5) The richness of the soil in this area contributes to the quick growth of the crops.6) The information explosion and the increasing obsolescence of knowledge are forcing upon highereducation a new set of demands.7) The times give signs on the necessity of modification in the legal system.8) The careful supervision of the crops is necessary for their survival at harvest time.9) Yet all of history has taught us that the denial of these ultimates and the placement of man at thecore of the universe will lead to mass selfishness.10) The knowledge of its sources and symptoms provides rational analysis of many things. Task 51) How we view the world is a reflection of how we view ourselves, and this gives us insight into ourinner thought patterns.2) That does not eliminate the need for us to continue to develop other clean energy sources like solar,wind, biomass, etc.3) Some analysts worried that the tax on the wealthy would discourage jobs creation and hampereconomic growth.4) This meeting highlights the importance of setting targets for progress.5) Too much criticism undermines the children’s co nfidence.Task 61) The opportunities offered by urbanization must be taken full advantage of.2) However, little control is exercised over online articles and speeches.3) The main effects of poverty can be illustrated by looking at those on the lowest incomes in richcities.4) Obviously, people were given jobs according to whether they were male or female.5) Although there are potential benefits of such techniques, the potential environmental and medicalconsequences of GMOs are seriously concerned about.6) A fairly consistent picture of its short-term effects on users in many publications are presented.7) Not much has been learned about the acute physiological effects of cannabis.8) People’s concerns can be understood if we look at the current anti-discrimination laws.9) The distinction between government policy and economic reality is made clear in the essay.10) Social conditions as well as the economic situation should be taken into account. Task 7I would prefer to use the ones in the left column.Task 81) Systems analysts can assist managers in many different ways.2) This program was established to improve access to medical care.3) Medical research expenditure has increased to nearly $350 million.4) Researchers have discovered that this drug has serious side effects.5) Exercise also will not eliminate medical problems related to blood pressure.6) Researchers have been investigating this problem for 15 years now.7) This issue was raised during the coroner’s inquest.8) He observed that the increase in life expectancy has led to some economic problems.9) Children under the age of 15 constitute nearly half of the country’s population.10) The study will conduct a series of experiments to test our hypothesis.Task 91) The study lacks solid evidence and therefore its conclusions are doubtful.2) The scientists are pretty fatigued after their lengthy experiment.3) The book attempts to explain the fundamental character of social life.4) The study confirms the fact that there is no research in this field.5) We noted a potential problem with the experimental design.6) The issue always generates a great deal of debate among academics.7) The group’s principal concern is to protect human rights.8) The research underlines the importance of an international trade agreement.9) There was an apparent discrepancy between the two sets of results.10) The primary cause of the failure was a sudden temperature change.VI. Translations转基因大豆对幼鼠的出生体重和存活的影响Irina V. Ermakova引言A转基因生物一词指的是携带有从其他物种转移的基因，并由DNA 重组技术来产生的动植物和微生物，以获得某种新型特征（如抗害虫性或抗农药性）。

学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 4

1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来自自然资源中15，000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗 X光检查则带有1，000亿个粒子的辐射。 2 这些材料主要通过发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物，核电站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及放射性废料从隔离系统中泄漏而与人体发生接触的。 3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做；如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到防止。
4 高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在60天内导致死亡，但这种“明显的”死亡仅仅在2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中能够被预料到，在0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过100天，而在 1/100,000的熔毁事故中会超过3，500天。 5 对于氡效应的全面估计是一家运行了一年的核电站最终将避免几百人死亡，而一个同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死亡。
Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Additional questions for your understanding of Text 11
1 By how many particles of radiation from natural sources has a typical person been struck every second? A typical person is, and always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources.
这是因为大部分的伽玛射线和x光射线无需通过与身体的组织发生作用就原子水平而言身体基本上是中空的空间而直接穿透身体而无法穿透组织的射线和射线则会通过与身体原子的碰撞使其能量得以扩展并且有可能导致更多的损坏

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