11 类常用翻译主题词汇
11类翻译主题词汇
一、中国历史
四大文明古国one of the four ancient civilizations
人类文明史the history of human civilization
源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history 朝代dynasty
古都ancient capital
随着时间的推移as time goes by
远古时代ancient times
原始社会primitive society
；
春秋时代the Spring and Autumn Period
战国the Warring States
封建社会feudal society
皇帝、君主emperor, monarch
历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past
在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars
抵抗侵略to resist the invasion
五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919
在......世纪初at the beginning of...century
迄今为止up till now
%
追溯到to date/trace back to
来源于to derive/stem from; to originate from/in
发源地birthplace
兴起于......, 兴盛于......to emerge in... and prosper in...
保存最完好的best-preserved
原址original site
国家博物馆national museum
皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign
诸侯国kingdom
勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people
、
退位to give up the throne
帝王宫殿imperial palace
以......命名to be named after
历史人物history figure
阳历solar calendar
阴历lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
—
二、中国文化概述
重要文化遗产major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts
文化产业culture industry
文化底蕴cultural deposit
文化事业cultural undertaking
文化交流cultural exchange
文化冲击cultural shock
文化差异cultural difference
独特的艺术价值unique artistic values
…
诚实守信honesty
爱国主义精神patriotism
国宝national treasure
文物cultural relics
华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors
中华民族the Chinese nation
传统美德traditional virtues
文人men of letter
雅士refined scholar
才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
；
高雅艺术refined /high art
中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars
古为今用to make the past serve the present
洋为中用to make the foreign serve China
无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times
文明摇篮cradle of civilization
古文明ancient civilization
博大精深to be extensive and profound
享有......的声誉to enjoy a good/high reputation for
被誉为......to be honored/crowned as
…
占重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负......的责任to shoulder the responsibility of......
与......密不可分to be closely associated with......
最广中国文化to promote Chinese culture
促进世界和平to promote would peace
增进友谊to enhance friendship
文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities
民族特性和价值观national identity and value
在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place
促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture
:
促进交流to promote exchanges
蓬勃发展to flourish
丰富多彩to be rich and colorful
风俗习惯custom
禁忌taboo
尊敬老人to respect the elderly
赡养老人to support/take care of parents
继承to inherit
后人later generation
强身健体to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body —
益寿延年to prolong life
保佑平安to keep sb. Safe
象征意义symbolic meaning
象征好运和祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings
审美观/品味taste for beauty; aesthetic taste
三、中国传统文化
中医药traditional Chinese medicine
中草药herbal medicine
望、闻、问、切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking
】
症状symptom
重大发明 a significant invention
中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China
火药gunpowder
印刷术paper-making
指南针the compass
文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study
笔、墨、纸、砚brush, ink stick, ink stone
汉字Chinese character
笔划stroke
%
普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese
书法calligraphy
中国画traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting
武术martial arts
中国功夫Kung Fu
太极Tai Chia
孔子Confucius
孟子Mencius
思想学派school of thought
)
思想核心the core of ideology
代表人物representative
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化Confucian culture
和尚、僧人monk
寺庙temple
伊斯兰教Islam
清真寺mosque
宗教religion
建筑architecture
}
钟楼bell tower
牌坊memorial archway
兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses
丝绸之路the Silk Road
故宫the Imperial Palace
天坛the Temple of Heaven
民间故事folk tale
寓言fable
传说legend
凡间human world
*
京剧Peking Opera
脸谱mask
正面角色positive role
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏shadow play
杂技acrobatics
相声cross-talk
说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing 说书story-telling
传统工艺品traditional handicraft
/
形状不一to be of different shapes
材质各异various material
质地坚硬hard texture
造型生动vivid figure
色彩丰富rich colors
风格独特characteristic/unique style
刺绣embroidery
泥人clay figure
瓷器porcelain；china
陶器pottery; earthenware
.
青铜器bronze ware
雕刻to carve
图章seal
四、中国传统节日
春节the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year
除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve
年夜饭annual reunion dinner
拜年to pay a new year call
探亲访友to (pay a) visit to relative and friends
}
亲朋好友relatives and friends
大扫除to thoroughly clean the house
驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck
去除灾难to ward off evils
发红包to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes 欢度...... The celebration of...; to celebrate
春联spring couples
庙会temple fair
民间艺人folk artists
祭神god-worshiping
。
炮竹，烟火firecracker; firework(s)
年画(traditional) new year picture
压岁钱new year’s gift-money
元宵节the Lantern Festival
清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节the Dragon Boat Festival
中秋节the Mid-autumn Day/ Festival
重阳节the Double-ninth Day
七夕节the Double-seventh Day
舞龙dragon dance
}
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
有益的智力活动beneficial intellectual activity
中国结Chinese knot
舞狮lion dance
赛龙舟dragon boat race
赏月to enjoy the full moon
登高hill climbing
扫墓to pay respects to the dead at sb’s tomb
）
五、食物及烹饪方法
中国菜、中餐Chinese cuisine
烹饪技巧cooking technique
煎to fry
炒to stir-fry
炸to deep-fry
烩/闷/炖to stew
蒸to steam
煮to boil
烘焙to bake
—
烤to roast
切条to cut to strips
切丁to dice
切碎to mince
磨碎to grind
饮食习惯dietary habit
特色食品special food
元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 年糕rice cake
油条deep-fried dough sticks
;
豆浆soybean milk
馒头steamed bun
包子steamed stuffed bun
拉面hand-stretched noodles
豆腐tofu; bean curd
麻花fried dough twist
皮蛋100-year egg; century egg
蛋炒饭fried rice with egg
火锅hot pot
原料ingredient
|
猪/牛肉丸pork/ beef ball
鸭肉duck
蘑菇mushroom
北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck
素菜馆vegetarian restaurant
白酒Chinese liquor
六、旅游交通
景点tourist attraction; scenic spot 名胜古迹places of interests
—
避暑胜地summer resort
森林公园forest park
自然保护区nature reserve
自然景观natural scenery
人文景观human landscape
壮丽河山magnificent scenery
古典山水园林classical landscape garden
皇家园林royal garden
中外游客tourists from home and abroad
游乐园amusement park
/
度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday
门票(entrance) ticket
免费景区电子门票free sightseeing e-coupon
星级酒店star-rated hotel
高峰期rush hour
人山人海,人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people 翻山越岭to climb mountains and hills
受到......的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcome by......
丰富知识to enrich one’s knowledge
开阔视野to broaden one’s horizon
~
扩大知识面to enlarge the scope of knowledge
培养独立性to cultivate independence
运输工具means of transportation
公共交通public transport
地铁站subway station
候车室waiting room
扣分处罚point penalty
酒驾drunk driving
终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving
护照passport
…
签章有效期validity of visa
散客individual visitor
团体旅游group visitor
七、地理环境
位于......to be located in/that
西部地区western regions
省会provincial capital
水域面积water area
三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides
}
全长....公里to stretch for...kilometers
面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look
高原plateau
山峰peak
淡水湖freshwater lake
沿海港口coastal pot
植物园botanical garden
气候climate
环境保护environmental protection
提高全民环保意识raise environment awareness among the general public ]
环保产品environment-friendly product
一次性产品disposable product
开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources
高耗能产业energy-intensive industry
可持续发展sustainable development
生态环境the ecological environment
温室效应greenhouse effect
森林覆盖率forest coverage rate
改善土壤soil improvement
地址灾害geological disaster
<
灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster
不幸misfortune
伤亡人员casualty
死亡人数death toll
台风typhoon
火山爆发volcanic eruption
地震earthquake
洪水flood
干旱drought
污染物pollutant
'
水土保持water and soil conservation
降雨rainfall
物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species
先污染后治理to exert control after pollution
碳减排carbon emission reduction
温室气体排放在greenhouse gas emission
二氧化碳carbon dioxide
新能源汽车green car
废气exhaust gas
汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust
~
发动机排量engine displacement
零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle
小排量汽车small-displacement car
能源消耗depletion of resources
能源危机energy crisis
回收利用to recycle
低碳城市化道路way to low-carbon urbanization
城市化urbanization
濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/ loss
濒临物种endangered species
:
稀有物种rare species
防护林带shelter belt
八、商业经济
商界business communities
互惠互利mutual benefit
共同繁荣common prosperity
总需求aggregate/ total demand
总供给aggregate supply
供大于求supply exceeding demand
—
扩大内需to expand domestic demand
购买力purchasing power
财政预算financial budget
经济学家economist
企业家entrepreneur
经济全球化economic globalization
区域性只有贸易区regional free trade area
经济特区special economic zone
计划经济planned economy
市场经济market economy
/
市场调节market regulation
市场多元化market diversification
推动经贸合作to boost economic and trade cooperation 耐用消费品durable consumer goods
年末促销year-end promotion
团购group buying
垄断monopoly
垄断行业monopoly industry
市场占有率market share
生产力，生产率productivity
—
经济增长放缓economic slowdown
金融组织financial institution
商业信誉commercial reputation
管理机制management mechanism
国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集体企业collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 私营企业private business
民营企业private-run business
中小企业small and medium-sized enterprises
民间资本private capital
~
民间投资private investment
泡沫经济bubble economy
经济过热overheating of economy
通货膨胀inflation
实体经济the real economy
外汇储备充sufficient foreign exchange reserve
国内国际贸易domestic/ international traded
对外贸易foreign trade
贸易条件terms of trade
不公平竞争unfair competition
（
海关customs
关税customs duty
水货、走私货smuggled goods
产品质量product quality
高度评价to speak highly of
物美价廉competitive price and superior quality
销量、销售额sales
存货、库存量stocks
改善服务to improve services
延长保修期to extend maintenance
,
制造商、制造厂manufacturer
原材料raw material
样品sample
大规模生产mass production
年产量annual output
劳动力密集型产业labor intensive industry
知识密集型产业knowledge intensive industry
工作歧视discrimination in workplace
高消耗、高投入high consumption, high investment 沿袭......模式to continue with the model of...
%
住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan 分期付款to pay by installment
信贷紧缩credit squeeze
取钱to withdraw money
利率interest rate
找工作to hunt for a job, job-hunting
招聘广告the want ads
职位position; post; job vacancy / opening 求职信application letter
工作简历job resume; CV
）
填写申请表to fill in / out application form 接受职位to accept / take the post
接任职位to take over the position
工作面试job interview
职业前景job prospects
就业机会job opportunity
工作待遇pay offer
津贴allowance
带薪假paid vacation
伤残保险disability insurance
&
失业保险unemployment insurance
培训咨询training consultancy
专业技能professional expertise
脑力劳动mental work
体力劳动labor /physical work
手工劳动manual labor / work
工作时间working time
加班overtime
夜班night shift
零工odd job
"
证券securities
汇率exchange prate
股票stock
资产assets
利润profit
九、教育
普及教育universal education
高等教育higher education
象牙塔ivory tower
%
正规院校regular universities and colleges
军校military academy
九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education
学前教育preschool education
失学儿童dropout
文盲illiteracy; illiterate
受过良好教育的well-educated
入学率enrollment rate
适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age
高考(university / college) entrance examination
{
考研to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school
读研to attend graduate school
毕业典礼commencement / graduation ceremony
毕业鉴定graduation appraisal
毕业论文 a graduation dissertation / thesis / paper
毕业实习graduation field work; to go out on internships
授予学位to confer an academic degree on sb.
博士学位doctor’s degree
硕士学位master’s degree
学时学位bachelor’s degree
)
在读博士生on-job doctorate
研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma / graduate degree’s diploma 中专生secondary specialized or technical school student
在校大学生undergraduate
中小学elementary/primary and middle / secondary schools
(大学) 扩招scale expansion
扩大招生人数to enlarge school enrollment / recruits
走读生extern; non-resident student
住校生boarder
课外活动extracurricular activity
.
必修课required / compulsory course
选修课elective / optional course
基础课basic course
专业课specialized course
专业知识specialized knowledge
开设课程to offer a course
课程表school schedule
教学大纲teaching program; syllabus
学分制credit system
补考make-up examination
'
学年school year
师资力量teaching faculty
应试教育exam-oriented education (system)
推进素质教育to push ahead with education for all-around development 基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education
招生就业指导enrollment ad vocation guidance
竞争激烈fierce competition
评价体系evaluation system
选拨官员/人才to select officials / talents
海外留学生overseas student; international student
%
十、科技
信息时代information age
信息爆炸information explosion
高科技产品high-tech product
电子设备electronic device
智能手机smart-phone; intelligent handset
创新innovation
研发research and development
核心技术core technology
·
电讯telecommunication
硬件hardware
软件software
搜索引擎search engine
网页浏览web browsing
即时消息instant message
视频电话video phone
文件传输document transmission
在线社区online community
社交模式social networking
~
网上冲浪to surf on the Internet
网民netizen
活跃用户active user
对...上瘾to be /get addicted to...
计算机病毒computer virus
虚拟世界virtual world
网上购物online shopping
电子商务e-commerce
消费理念consumption concept
大众媒体mass media
^
出版商publisher
电子版electronic version
空间实验室space laboratory
航天飞机shuttle
卫星satellite
探测器detector
十一、社会生活
计划生育family planning
基本国策a basic national /state policy
;
制定政策to make a policy
(政策) 生效、开始实施to come into force /effect
几世同堂的家庭 a family consisting of several generations
晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth
搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care
稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate
简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures
行政管理administrative management
违反规定 a violate a rule / regulation
居委会Community Association
~
挂失to report the loss
补办to re-apply / re-register / post-register
户籍household registration
居住证residence permit
少数民族ethnic minority
过快增长excessive growth
急剧下降to be on the sharp decline
人口稠密/稀少densely / sparsely populated
人口基数/密度/分布population base /density/ distribution
人口出生率birth rate
人口增长的高峰期baby boom
人口素质quality of the population
人口老龄化aging of population
老龄化社会aging society
城镇化urbanization
高楼大厦high-rise / tall / high building
小康社会well-off society
贫困家庭poor family
和睦相处to live in peace / harmony
中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics
推行可持续发展战略to purse the strategy of sustainable development 物资文明material civilization
精神文明spiritual civilization
为人民服务to serve the people
坚持.......方针to adhere to the principle of..
社会保障social security
养老保险retirement insurance
医疗保险medical insurance
弱势群体disadvantaged group
单亲single parent
关心老人to care for senior citizens
社会背景social background
福利welfare
福利彩票welfare lotteries
医疗服务medical service
础设施建设infrastructure construction
缩短差距to bridge /narrow the gap
满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs
社会效益social benefit
健康管理health management
应运而生to appear accordingly, to emerge as required /needed 普通市民ordinary resident
物价上涨rising price
家政服务业home services industry
建筑工地construction site
农产品agricultural product
爱情告白to express one’s love
性骚扰sexual harassment
贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor
网络造谣to fabricate online rumors
恶意侵害他人名誉to harm the reputation of others maliciously 娱乐资讯entertainment information
在线娱乐online entertainment
当地新闻local news
简讯brief news
获取信息to obtain information
收视率audience rating