供应链管理第一章习题及答案最终版演讲稿.pptx
供应链供应链管理基础1(PPT112)
3、供应链管理模式的产生
有鉴于“纵向一体化”管理模式的种种弊端，“横 向一体化（Horizontal Integration）”思想兴起 。
“横向一体化”形成了一条从供应商到制造商再到 分销商的贯穿所有企业的“链”——供应链 （ Supply Chain） 。
链上的节点企业必须达到同步、协调运行，才有可 能使链上的所有企业都能受益——产生了供应链管 理（Supply Chain Management，简称SCM）。
此外，还在多家公司担当管理顾问。
主要研究领域包括供应链管理 (Supply Chain Management) 、生产与运作 管理的理论与方法、MRPII/ERP 、企业流程重构 (BPR) 、敏捷制造及 Internet/Intranet在企业中的应用等。
供应链的结构
源
供应商的供应商
零件供应商 供应商
从“纵向一体化”向“横向一体化”转化 从“大而全、小而全”向“分散网络化制造”转化 从“封闭式”向“开放式”的设计、开发与生产转化
从二十世纪八十年代中后期开始，在企业管理中形成了 一种“横向一体化”的管理热潮。许多企业将原有的非 核心业务外包出去，自己集中资源发展核心能力，通过 和相关企业结成战略联盟占据竞争中的主动地位。
（2）商业采购者的运输与物流观
Lamming首次提出供应链管理的运输与物流观时，就认为供 应链管理是物流的理论基础。
根据供应链管理的广义定义，物流一体化系统包括流程、功 能和组织的集成，它控制着物流从供应商到客户的流动过程。 通过信息技术和业务流程重组技术，物流的各项功能之间能 够建立有效的协作关系，这对于提高组织绩效是非常必要的。
竞争优势来源于企业在设计、生产、营销、渠道等 过程及辅助过程中所进行的许多相互分离的活动。
《供应链管理教学课件》第1章供应链管理导论_供应链管理
Logistics Network
Manufacturer Regional Warehouses Field Warehouses Customers
Vendors
Transportation costs Production/ purchase Material costs costs
Inventory & warehousing costs Transportation costs Transportation costs Inventory & warehousing costs
承担丧失市场时机的风险
迫使企业从事不擅长的业务活动 在每个业务领域都直接面临众多竞争对手 增大企业的行业风险
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21世纪全球市场竞争的趋势
产品寿命周期越来越短 产品品种数飞速膨胀 对交货期的要求越来越高 对产品和服务的期望(个性化)越来越高
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企业管理模式的转变
20世纪80年代中后期，从“纵向一体化”向“横
Vehicle scheduling and routing
Truck loading
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What do we mean by integration?
向一体化”转化
从“大而全、小而全”向“分散网络化制造”转 化，非核心业务外包出去，自己集中资源发展核 心能力 从“封闭式”向“开放式”的设计、开发与生产
转化。通过与业务伙伴结成战略联盟占据竞争中
的主动地位
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供应链管理思想的出现
供应商
美洲经销商
消费者
供应商
集成电路制 造
供应商
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Notice
Who is involved? What is the goal? What level of activities are involved? What do we mean by integration?
供应链管理第三版Unit1习题与答案
or in anticipation of customer orders.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receipt
customer request.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network or
supply web.
and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain
processes.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly and
6. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.
（完整版）供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案
（完整版）供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy5. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that theprocesses in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard8. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard9. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate10. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processesbased on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy15. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes –CRM, ISCM and SRM.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. There is a close connection between the design and management of supplychain flows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyEssay/Problems1. Explain the 3 decision phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply chain.Answer: The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planningand supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference between categories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain’s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phasemust work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planningdecisions include which markets to supply from which locations, subcontractingof manufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard答：决策的3阶段发生在一个供应链的供应链战略（或设计），供应链与供应链运作。
供应链管理作者施先亮第1章课件
建立风险预警系统，对可能引发供应链风险的关键因素进行实时监 测和预警，以便及时采取应对措施。
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绿色供应链管理
绿色供应链概念及意义
绿色供应链定义
绿色供应链是一种在整个供应链中综 合考虑环境影响和资源效率的现代管 理模式。
绿色供应链的意义
降低资源消耗、减少环境污染、提高 企业竞争力、促进可持续发展。
未来发展趋势预测
数字化、智能化将成为供应链管 理的重要趋势。随着数字化技术 的不断发展和普及，未来供应链 管理将更加注重数字化、智能化 的发展，通过大数据、人工智能 等技术实现供应链的自动化、智 能化管理和优化。
供应链协同和整合将成为企业竞 争力的重要来源。未来企业之间 的竞争将更加注重供应链之间的 竞争，而供应链协同和整合将成 为企业竞争力的重要来源。通过 数字化技术实现供应链各环节之 间的协同和整合，将有助于提高 整个供应链的效率和竞争力。
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供应链合作伙伴关系
合作伙伴选择标准
业务能力
评估潜在合作伙伴的业务实力， 包括技术、生产、销售等方面的 能力，确保其能够满足供应链的 需求。
兼容性
考察合作伙伴的企业文化、价值 观、战略目标等是否与本企业相 匹配，以确保双方能够顺畅合作 。
信誉与可靠性
了解合作伙伴的历史记录、市场 声誉、合同履行情况等方面，评 估其信誉和可靠性。
培养供应链协同与集成能力
提出培养供应链协同与集成能力的途径和方法，包括加强人才培养、 推动知识共享、鼓励创新实践等。
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供应链风险管理
风险识别与评估方法
风险识别
通过收集和分析历史数据、专家意见、市场调查等信息，识别可能 对供应链造成不利影响的潜在风险。
风险评估
第一章 绪论《供应链管理》PPT课件
1.2供应链管理概述
1.2.5物流管理和供应链管理的联系与区别
1.供应链管理和物流管理的联系 物流贯穿于整个供应链，它连接供应链的各个企业，是企业间相互合作的纽带。从时间上看，物流管理的产
生早于供应链管理，现代物流管理也呈现出一体化的趋势：在纵向上要求企业将提供产品或运输服务等的供货商 和用户纳入管理范围，并作为物流管理的一项中心内容；在横向上，通过同一行业中多个企业在物流方面的合作 而获得规模经济效益和物流效率。同时，在网络技术的支持下与生产企业和物流企业之间形成多方位、互相渗透 的协作有机体，即实现垂直一体化、水平一体化和网络化。从某方面来看，供应链管理正是物流垂直一体化管理 的扩展和延伸，但是供应链的范围更为广泛，它涵盖了物流、资金流、信息流、业务流等，而且它的目标是将多 个具有供需关系的企业通过合作协调机制集成一个共同应对市场的有机整体，这种供需关系不仅涉及产品需求， 可能还有服务需求、资金需求甚至信息需求。总之，供应链管理比物流管理涉及的内容更复杂、范围更广、层次 更高。
应从公司总体设计的角度来构造供应链并指导供应链管理。 2.计划层几个月的供应链决策。 3.实施层次
供应链实施是指企业日常的供应链决策，如生产时序管理、车队管理和装卸货等。
1.2供应链管理概述
1.2.4供应链管理的内容
1.供应链战略规划 （1）供应链战略管理。 （2）供应链组织管理。 （3）供应链物流网络规划。 （4）供应链计划。 （5）供应链成本及绩效管理。
供应链的形成、存在、重构都是基于一定的市场需求而发生的，并且在供应链的运作过程中，用户的需求拉 动是供应链中信息流、产品／服务流、资金流运作的驱动源。 4.交叉性
供应链管理 (第5版) 第1章供应链管理导论(精编完整) ppt课件
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在这种思想指导下，企业为了最大限度地掌握市场分额， 必然要牢牢控制用于生产和经营的各种资源。
在企业的运作模式上，采用了“高度自制”的策略，一个 企业囊括了几乎所有零部件的加工、装配活动。
不仅如此，还把分销、甚至零售环节的业务也纳入自己的 业务范围之内，最后形成了无所不包的超级组织。
这就是人们说的：
本国以外的销售%
61 65 66 65 61 54 68 77 63 59 78 98 94 52 51 66 75
本国以外的资产%
48 51 47 45 66 36 55 50 95 85 41 70
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• 跨国公司的销售额占全球贸易额的75%，占全球 技术贸易的80%
• 全球的跨国公司目前约有6万多家，90%的公司总 部在发达国家
组织结构
o 成就感
o 以顾客服务为荣
业务流程 文化和价值
管理制度
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管理创新下的信息技术的影响
• 没有信息技术，IBM无法实现这个新的业务流程
o 一个员工不能高效地完成所有工作
• 核查 • 信用评估 • 定价 • 做合同
o 经常地转换任务，效率低
• 转换要时间 • 错误多
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2 .课程介绍:
• 没有办公室之间的文件送来送去
• 一人负责整个过程
• 开发了一个新软件来支持信贷估价员的工作
• 信用数据库 • 定价模型
推销员
信贷估价员
• 文本样本
• 将业务流程分为三个子过程
信贷要求
• 标准: 计算机自动处理
• 中等难度: 信贷估价员处理
• 高难度: 职业专家处理
供应链管理第三版Unit1习题与答案讲课讲稿
Chapter 1Un dersta nding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply cha in in cludes only the orga ni zati ons directly in volved in suppl yingcomp onents n eeded for manu facturi ng.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply cha in con sists of all parties in volved, directly or in direct ly, in fulfilli nga customer request.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. A supply cha in could be more accurately described as a supply n etwork orsupply web.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The objective of every supply cha in is to maximize the overall value gen erated.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The objective of every supply cha in is to maximize the value gen erated for themanu facturi ng comp onent of the supply cha in.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Every supply cha in must in clude all 5 stages.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. The cycle view of a supply cha in holds that the processes in a supply cha in aredivided into a series of activities performed at the in terface betwee n successivestages.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. The cycle view of a supply cha in holds that the processes in a supply cha in aredivided into 2 categories depe nding on whether they are in itiated in resp onse to or in an ticipati on of customer orders.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into a series of activities performed at the interface betweensuccessive stages. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy11. The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion ofcustomer arrivals to customer orders.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate12. The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure that orders are quicklyand accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chainprocesses. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly andaccurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard15. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Hard16. The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of aparticular item. Answer: True Difficulty: Hard18. The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended forpurchase into their carts.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate20. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate21. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder entry process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy24. The procurement cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member ofthe supply chain. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate26. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiatedin response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles andresponsibilities of each member of the supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty:Moderate29. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes. An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. An swer:FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. An swer:TrueDifficulty: Easy32. Push processes may also be referred to as reactive processes. An swer:FalseDifficulty: Easy33. All supply cha in activities within a firm bel ong to one of three macroprocesses CRM, ISCM and SRM.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. There is a close conn ecti on betwee n the desig n and man ageme nt ofsupply cha in flows and the success of a supply cha in.An swer: TrueDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Manu facturerse. All of the above are stages withi n a typical supply cha in.An swer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Mercha ndiserse. Comp onen t/Raw material suppliersAn swer: dDifficulty: Easy3. Supply chain profitability isa. not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supplychain.b.c. the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain.d. e. the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Difficult4. Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decision phases?a. b.c.d.e. supply chain strategy/design supply chain planning supply chain operation all of the above a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The decision phases in a supply chain includea. b.c.d.e. production scheduling. customer relationship management. supply chain operation.supply chain orientation. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. The cycle view of a supply chain holds thata. b. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories. theprocesses in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.c. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.d. all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.b. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.c. all response in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingon whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Analysis cycleb. Customer order cyclec. Replenishment cycled. Manufacturing cyclee. Procurement cycleAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Customer order cycleb. Replenishment cyclec. Manufacturing cycled. Procurement cyclee. All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The customer order cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?a. Customer arrivalb. Customer qualificationc. Customer order entryd. Customer order fulfillmente. Customer order receivingAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Customer arrival refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of the customer arrival process is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. Customer order entry isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. The objective of customer order entry is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. Customer order fulfillment refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The objective of customer order fulfillment is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the lowestpossible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. Customer order receiving isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocates product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The replenishment cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. The processes involved in the replenishment cycle includea. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillmente. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate21. The processes included in the replenishment cycle include all of the followingexcepta. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillmente. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate22.The processes included in the replenishment cycle include a. order arrival.b. production scheduling.c. retail trigger.d. manufacturing.e. receiving.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The replenishment cycle is initiated whena. the customer walks into the supermarket.b. the customer calls a mail order telemarketing center.c. customers load items intended for purchase into their carts.d. a supermarket runs out of stock of a particular item.e. a product is received into stock at a store.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard24.The manufacturing cycle occurs at the a. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the above Answer: cDifficulty: Easy25.The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include a. receiving.b. manufacturing and shipping.c. production scheduling.d. order arrival.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate26.The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include a. order trigger.b. production scheduling.c. order fulfillment.d. order entry.e. manufacturing order analysis.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate27. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The manufacturing and shipping process in the manufacturing cycle is equivalentto thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The procurement cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: d Difficulty: Easy30. The relationship between the manufacturer and supplier during the procurementcycle is very similar to the relationship betweena. customer and retailer.b. retailer and distributor.c. retailer and manufacturer.d. distributor and manufacturer.e. manufacturer and customer.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. processes are identified as either reactive or speculative.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard32. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. it clearly defines the processes involved and the owners of each process.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33. Which of the following statements about pull processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy34. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about pull processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to a customer order.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate. Answer: aDifficulty: Easy35. Which of the following statements about push processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy36. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about push processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate. Answer: dDifficulty: Easy37. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy38. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?39.39.40.40.41.41.42.42.43.43. a.b.c.d.e.Internal Relationship Management (IRM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)External Relationship Management (ERM) SupplyChain Relationship Management (SCRM) none ofthe aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: ModerateSupply chain macro processes include which of the following? a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)b. External Relationship Management (ERM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: ModerateActivities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process includea. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. marketing.d. supply planning.e. demand planning. Answer: c Difficulty: HardActivities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process include all of the following excepta. demand planning.b. marketing.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: a Difficulty: HardActivities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process includea. marketing.b. order fulfillment.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: bDifficulty: HardActivities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process include all of the following excepta. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. supply pla nning.d. dema nd pla nning.e. order man agementAn swer: eDifficulty: Hard44. Activities in volved in the Supplier Relati on ship Man ageme nt (SRM) macro process in cludea. pla nning of in ter nal product ion andstorageb. order fulfillme nt.c. supply pla nning.d. supplier evaluati on and select ion.e. order man ageme nt.An swer: dDifficulty: Moderate45. Activities in volved in the Supplier Relati on ship Man ageme nt (SRM) macroprocess in clude all of the follow ing excepta. n egotiati on of supply terms.b. desig n collaborati on.c. supply pla nning.d. supplier evaluati on and selection.e. supply collaborati on.An swer: cDifficulty: Hard46. The phe nomenal success of 7-Eleve n Japa n is attributed toa. being in the right place at the right time.b. its supply cha in desig n and man ageme nt ability.c. hav ing 9000 locati ons.d. serv ing fresh food.e. none of the aboveAn swer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. A key issue facing Toyota isa. develop ing an in ter net market ing system.b. whether to specialize in a particular market.c. desig n of its global producti on and distributi on n etwork.d. how to impleme nt model cha nges.e. all of the aboveAn swer: cDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Expla in the 3 decisi on phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply cha in.Answer : The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planning and supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference betweencategories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain ' s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phase must work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planning decisionsinclude which markets to supply from which locations, subcontracting ofmanufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard2. Describe the cycle view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The cycle view divides the supply chain into a series of 4 cycles between the 5 different stages of a supply chain. The cycles are the customer order cycle,replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle and procurement cycle. The customerorder cycle occurs at the customer/retailer interface and includes all processesdirectly involved in receiving and filling the customer. The replenishment cycleoccurs at the retailer/distributor interface and includes all processes involved inreplenishing retailer inventory. The manufacturing cycle typically occurs at thedistributor/manufacturer (or retailer/manufacturer) interface and includes allprocesses involved in replenishing distributor (or retailer) inventory. Theprocurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface and includes allprocesses necessary to ensure that the materials are available for manufacturing according to schedule.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain the push/pull view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The push/pull view of the supply chain divides supply chain processesinto two categories based on whether they are executed in response to acustomer order or in anticipation of customer orders. Pull processes are initiatedin response to a customer order. Push processes are initiated and performed inanticipation of customer orders. The push/pull boundary separates pushprocesses from pull processes. This view is very useful when consideringstrategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because it forces a moreglobal consideration of supply chain processes as they relate to the customer.Difficulty: Moderate4. Explain the three macro processes within a supply chain.Answer: All processes within a supply chain can be classified into three macroprocesses which are Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM), and Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).Customer Relationship Management (CRM) includes all processes that focus onthe interface between the firm and its customers such as marketing, sales, callcenter management and order management. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) includes all processes that are internal to the firm such as preparation ofdemand and supply plans, preparation of inventory management policies, orderfulfillment and planning of capacity. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)includes all processes that focus on the interface between a firm and its suppliers such as evaluation and selection of suppliers, negotiation of supply terms andcommunication regarding new products and orders.Difficulty: Moderate5. Explain why supply chain flows are important.Answer: Supply chain flows are important, because there is a close connectionbetween the design and management of supply chain flows (product, information, and cash) and the success of a supply chain. The success of many companiescan be directly traced to the design and management of an appropriate supplychain. The failure of many businesses can be linked directly to their inability toeffectively design and manage supply chain flows.Difficulty: Moderate。
第一章供应链管理基础共39张PPT
供应链特点
复杂性、动态性、面向用户需求、交叉性。
02
供应链战略规划与设 计
供应链战略制定过程
制定供应链战略目标
根据企业整体战略和市场分析结 果，明确供应链战略的目标和定 位。
评估供应链资源与能力
对企业自身的供应链资源、能力 和优势进行评估，确定需要改进 和优化的环节。
设计供应链战略方案
基于评估结果，设计符合企业战 略目标和市场需求的供应链战略 方案。
求。
绿色生产
企业应采用环保的生产工艺和设 备，减少生产过程中的能源消耗 和废弃物排放，提高资源利用效
率，降低对环境的污染。
绿色物流
企业应优化物流运输方案，选择 环保的运输方式和包装材料，减 少物流过程中的能源消耗和排放
，降低对环境的负面影响。
政策法规对绿色供应链发展推动作用
环保法规
国家和地方政府出台了一系列环保法规，对企业环保行为进行了规 范和约束，推动了企业实现绿色供应链管理。
CPFR模型的实施步骤
包括建立协同团队、制定协同计划、实施需求预测、制定补货策略和持续优化等步骤。
供应链整合策略部署
供应链整合的意义
通过整合供应链资源，优化流程，降低成本，提高运营效率，增 强企业竞争力。
供应链整合的关键环节
包括供应商整合、库存整合、物流整合和信息整合等环节。
供应链整合的实施策略
包括制定整合计划、选择合适的整合模式、建立供应链协同机制和 持续优化等策略。
库存控制方法及优缺点比较
定量订货法
当库存量下降到预定的最低库存数量时，按规定数量进行订货补充。优点是简单易行，缺 点是订货时间和订货数量固定，缺乏灵活性。
定期订货法
按预先确定的订货间隔时间进行订货补充库存。优点是节省人力物力，缺点是可能出现缺 货或积压现象。
国家开放大学《供应链管理》章节测试参考答案
国家开放大学《供应链管理》章节测试参考答案第一章供应链管理基础一、重点名词1.供应链——是指产品在到达消费者手中之前所涉及的原材料供应商、生产商、批发商、零售商以及最终消费者组成的供需网络，即由物料获取、物料加工，并将成品送到用户手中这一过程所涉及的企业和部门组成的一个网络。
2.供应链管理——利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流、资金流等，并进行计划、组织、协调与控制。
3.管理模式——是一种系统化的指导与控制方法，它把企业中的人、财、物和信息等资源，高质量、低成本、快速及时地转换为市场所需要的产品和服务。
二、单项选择题1.企业一般利用（）来缓解自己对市场和上下游企业信息缺失所造成的反应脱节状况。
A.运输B.库存C.配送D.信息2.我国目前的国际制造中心的地位正是国际大企业不断把业务（）到我国的直接后果。
A.承包B.外包C.分包D.总包3.在目前产品极大丰富的新经济时代所依赖的市场环境是（）市场环境。
A.买方B.卖方C.双方D.对方4.随着知识经济和信息化时代的到来，许多企业为适应形式的转变，自觉对其组织结构进行调整，（）结构成为重要趋势。
A.横向化B.纵向化C.扁平化D.立体化5.供应链的概念是在（）提出来的。
A.20世纪60年代B.20世纪70年代C.20世纪80年代D.20世纪90年代6.现代供应链更加注重围绕（）的网链关系。
A.一般企业B.重要企业C.所有企业D.核心企业7.根据供应链存在的（）划分，可以将供应链分为稳定的和动态的供应链。
A.稳定性B.容量C.可靠性D.动态性8.在巨大的经济浪潮的冲击下，市场竞争已不再是单纯的企业与企业之间的竞争，而是供应链与（）之间的竞争。
A.企业B.供应链C.客户D.供应商9.供应链管理是一种（）的管理思想和方法。
A.集成B.松散C.积极D.消极10.供应链的管理目标呈现出（）特征。
A.一体化B.集成化C.多元化D.一元化11.供应链管理是一种全新的管理理念和方法，其核心是强调运用（）的思想和理念指导企业的行为实践。
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3、拉式供应链与推式相比，减轻了牛鞭效应，缩 短了提前期，降低了库存量，形成了规模经济。 （）
答案：错
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4、供应链管理的核心内容及运作要素是监控整个
供应链上的库存、有效控制物品流动成本、订单整
个执行过程的管理。
()
答案：对
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5、“牛鞭效应”是产生供应链中的需求变异加速 放大的主要因素。 （ ）
答案：对
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6、所谓供应链的合作伙伴关系，也就是供应链中 各节点企业之间的关系，对制造业来说，主要是制 造商与制造商之间的关系。（ ）
答案：错
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A.库存存储时间 B.补给货物交货期 C.生产计划时 间 D.产品规划时间
答案：B
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5、（ ）也叫 JIT采购法，是一种先进的采购的 模式，是一种管理哲理。它的基本思想是：在恰当 的时间、恰当的地点，以恰当的数量、恰当的质量 提供恰当的物品。
A.政府采购 B.集中采购 C.准时化采购 D.分 散采购
A. 稳定的供应链 B. 动态的供应链 C. 平衡的 供应链 D. 倾斜的供应链
答案：AB
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1．供应链的业务过程和操作，可以从商流、物流、 信息流和资金流四个方面进行分析。供应链的信息 流程带动商流，商流决定物流，物流反馈为资金流。 ()
答案：对
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2．供应链实质上是由企业间的供需关系链接成的 市场链、产业链，这种供需关系就是功能关系链、 流程关系链，也是一条体现竞争实力的价值增值链。 ()
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1、供应链是指生产及流通过程中，设计将产品更
新换代或服务提供给最终用户的上游企业或下游企 业所形成的（ ）
A.网络结构 B.专业结构 织结构
C.信息结构
D.组
答案：A
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2、从供应链的结构模型可以看出，供应链是一个 （ ），由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应 商和用户、用户的用户组成。
D.战略性原则
答案：BCD
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24、供应链核心企业一般应具备的条件（ ） A. 决定供应链的运行节拍 B.胜任供应链的物流、信息流、资金流、生产服务
流的组织协调工作 C.掌握供应链的核心瓶颈约束资源 D.给供应链成
员带来利益，实现供应链核心竞争优势
答案：ABCD
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25、 关于供应链合作伙伴关系说法正确的是（ ）
A、联合库存管理 B、JIT管理系统 C、工作流 管理 D、多级库存优化。
答案：A
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18、一个企业应尽可能考虑( )供应商或分销商， 这样有利于从整体上了解供应链的运行状态。
A．一级 B．二级 C．三级 D．多级
答案：D
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19、供应链管理的绩效好坏最终应该由（ ）来评 价。
A．领导 货员
A.增加了用户满意度 争力
B. 加强企业的核心竞
C.快速响应了市场 确定因素，降低库存
D.减少供应链上的不
答案： ABCD
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26、 有效客户反应（ECR）的核心是要求供应商 和零售商（ ）
A.共同关注消费者的需求，把精力转移到了解消费 者的需求上并为之作出努力
B.使消费者少付出金钱、时间、精力和风险而更加 方便地获得更多信息
答案：D
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16、供应链可分为有效性供应链和反应性供应链， 其依据是根据供应链的（ ）
A．稳定性 B、复杂性 C、容量与用户需求的 关系 D、功能模式
答案：D
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17、零售业沃尔玛的某些商品如“婴儿尿布”的库 存控制由战略伙伴的供应商直接进行补货和门店的 送货。这是供应链系统中的 ( ) 库存管理策略。
A.集成性 B.连续性 C.合作性 D.流程性
答案：A
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13、供应链管理的实质内容不包括( )。 A.以顾客为中心，以市场需求为原动力 B.强调企业应专注于核心业务，建立核心竞争力，
在供应链上明确定位，将非核心业务外包 C.各企业紧密合作，共担风险，共享利益 D.对工作流程、实物流程、信息流程和资金流程进
答案：C
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6、近年来，在国外出现了一种新的供应链库存管 理方法——( )（Vendor Managed Inventory， VMI）。这种库存管理策略打破了传统的各自为政 的库存管理模式，体现了供应链的集成化管理思想， 适应市场变化的要求，是一种新的有代表性的库存 管理思想。
A.管理用户库存 B.用户库存 C.供应商库存 D.供应商管理库存
A.创造的价值总和 B.价值的总和 C.利润的总和 D.效益的总和
答案：A
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11、供应链管理的驱动力是在供应链（ ）的前 提下，有效降低供应链运作成本，并最终实现供应 链竞争力的提升。
A.整体价值最小化 B.整体价值最优化 C.整体 利益最大化 D.整体价值最大化
答案：D
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12、供应链管理具有（ ）、共赢性、复杂性和 动态性等基本特征。
C.得到更好的品质、更新的创意、更新鲜的商品 D.降低经营成本，提升竞争能力
答案： ABC
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27、快速反应（QR）对零售商的优点（ ） A.生产计划准确 B. 加快了库存周转 C. 提高
了销售额 D.降低了流通费用
答案：BCD
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28、根据供应链存在的稳定性划分，可以将供应链 分为( )。
行设计、执行、修正链的（ ）体现了战略伙伴关系和企业内 外资源的集成与优化利用。
A．决策机制 B、合作机制 C、自律机制 D、 激励机制
答案：B
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15、 按供应链起作用的方式不同，供应链主要 有两类功能：实务功能和（ ）。
A.协调功能 B.市场销售功能 C.市场连接功能 D.市场调节功能
A.直线结构 B.网链结构 C.曲线结构 D.直 链结构
答案：B
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3、通常，一条完整的供应链包括供应商（原材料 供应商和零件供应商）、制造商（加工厂或装配 厂）、分销商（代理商或批发商）、（ ）以及消 费者。
A.采购商 B配送商 C.零售商 D.传销商
答案：C
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4、快速反应机制是指供应链管理者所采取的一系 列降低（ ）的措施，其指导思想是尽可能获得时 间上的竞争优势，提高系统的反应速度。
B. 用户 C．企业员工
D. 售
答案：B
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20、 成功的客户关系管理非常注重客户信息和数 据的（ ）管理。
A．一体化 B．共同化 C．现代化 D．同步化
答案：D
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21、快速反应机制是指供应链管理者所采取的一系 列降低（ ）的措施，其指导思想是尽可能获得时 间上的竞争优势，提高系统的反应速度。
C.合作双方的组织相容性 D.以上均是
答案：D
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9、
物流与供应链的区别主要由以下几点，错
误的是（ ）
A.物流与供应链的研究范畴不同 应链产生的起因不同
B.物流与供
C.物流与供应链管理的复杂程度不同 D.物流与 供应链的管理思想组成不同
答案：D
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10、供应链的绩效是指在所有供应链成员企业资源 的支持、信息协调和共享下，通过物流管理、生产 操作、市场营销、顾客服务、信息开发等活动增加 和（ ）
答案：D
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7、供应链合作伙伴关系是供应商与制造商之间、 制造商与销售商之间在一定时期内的共享信息、共 担风险、共同获利的（ ）。
A.同盟关系 B.协作关系 C.供应关系 D.对 等关系
答案：B
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8、供应链合作伙伴关系的制约条件有（ ） A.合作企业间的冲突 B.企业间的相互依赖程度
A.库存存储时间 B.补给货物交货期 C.生产计划时 间 D.产品规划时间
答案：B
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22、供应链管理的驱动力是在供应链（ ）的前 提下，有效降低供应链运作成本，并最终实现供应 链竞争力的提升。
A.整体价值最小化 B.整体价值最优化 C.整体利益 最大化 D.整体价值最大化
答案：D
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23、供应链设计的过程中应遵循的原则是（ ） A.简洁性原则 B.系统性原则 C.动态性原则