solution中文翻译
线性方程组中英文翻译
线性⽅程组中英⽂翻译应数121 陈珍妮 12453101英⽂原稿：System of Linear equationsAs we all know，Linear equations are important components of linear algebra, and in real life, there is a wide range of production applications，and it plays an important role in electronic engineering, software development, personnel management, transportation, etc. There are different ways in different types of linear equations, mainly Cramer's rule, matrix elimination method.A general system of m linear equations with n unknowns can be written asHere are the unknowns, are the coefficients of the system, and are the constant terms. Matrix equationThe vector equation is equivalent to a matrix equation of the form，where A is an m×n matrix, x is a column vector with n entries, and b is a column vector with m entries.The number of vectors in a basis is now expressed as the rank of the matrix.The main methods：（1）Elimination of variablesThe simplest method for solving a system of linear equations is to repeatedly eliminate variables. This method can be described as follows:1.In the first equation, solve for one of the variables in termsof the others.2.Substitute this expression into the remaining equations. Thisyields a system of equations with one fewer equation and one fewer unknown.3.Continue until you have reduced the system to a single linearequation.4.Solve this equation, and then back-substitute until the entiresolution is found.For example, consider the following system:Solving the first equation for x gives x= 5 + 2z? 3y, and plugging this into the second and third equation yieldsSolving the first of these equations for y yields y= 2 + 3z, and plugging this into the second equation yields z= 2. We now have:Substituting z= 2 into the second equation gives y= 8, and substituting z= 2 and y= 8 into the first equation yields x= ?15. Therefore, the solution is (x, y, z) = (?15, 8, 2).（2）Row reductionIn row reduction, the linear system is represented as an augmented matrix:This matrix is then modified using elementary row operations until it reaches reduced row echelon form. There are three types of elementary row operations:Type 1: Swap the positions of two rows.Type 2: Multiply a row by a nonzero scalar.Type 3: Add to one row a scalar multiple of another.Because these operations are reversible, the augmented matrix produced always represents a linear system that is equivalent to the original.The following computation shows Gauss-Jordan elimination applied to the matrix above:The last matrix is in reduced row echelon form, and represents the system x= ?15, y= 8, z= 2.（3）Cramer's ruleCramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations, with each variable given by a quotient of two determinants. For example, the solution to the systemis given byFor each variable, the denominator is the determinant of the matrix of coefficients, while the numerator is the determinant of a matrix in which one column has been replaced by the vector of constant terms.Though Cramer's rule is important theoretically, it has little practical value for large matrices, since the computation of large determinants is somewhat cumbersome. Further, Cramer's rule has very poor numerical properties, making it unsuitable for solving even small systems, unless the operations are performed in rational arithmetic with unbounded precision.（4）Matrix solutionIf the equation system is expressed in the matrix form , the entire solution set can also be expressed in matrix form. If the matrix A is square (has m rows and n=m columns) and has full rank (all m rows are independent), then the system has a unique solutiongiven by where is the inverse of A. More generally, regardless of whether m=n or not and regardless of the rank of A, all solutions (if any exist) are given using the Moore-Penrosepseudo-inverse of A, denoted , as follows:，where is a vector of free parameters that ranges over all possible n×1 vectors. A necessary and sufficient condition for any solution(s) to exist is that the potential solution obtained using satisfy — thatis,that If this condition does not hold, the equation system is inconsistent and has no solution. If the condition holds, the system is consistent and at least one solution exists. For example, in the above-mentioned case in which A is square and of fullrank, simply equals and the general solution equation simplifiesto aspreviously stated, where has completely dropped out of the solution, leaving only a single solution.中⽂翻译：线性⽅程组众所周知，线性⽅程组是线性代数的重要组成部分，它在现实⽣活中有⼴泛的⽣产应⽤，并且在电⼦⼯程、软件开发、⼈事管理、运输等也扮演重要的⾓⾊。
焦点解决模式（solution
焦点解决模式（solution focused approach）的六⼤原则焦点解决这⼀名词，来⾃对“Solution-Focused”的翻译，国内也有学者把它译为“聚焦解决”或“集中于答案”。
其核⼼含义在于表达出这⼀模式的关注点在于：如何建构有效解决⽅案上，为此，焦点解决模式有时也被称为“建构解决模式”（Solution-Building Approach）。
其中所谓的“建构”强调了由治疗师与当事⼈⼀起达成预期的⽬标，并利⽤当事⼈的资源来创造性地寻求解决⽅案（Berg&De Jong,1986）。
与传统的问题解决模式（Problem-Solving Approach）相⽐，聚焦解决模式是在积极⼼理学背景下发展起来的⼀种充分尊重个体、相信其⾃⾝资源和潜能的临床⼲预模式。
它强调把我们解决问题的关注点集中在⼈的正向⽅⾯，并且寻求最⼤化地挖掘个体/团体的⼒量、优势和能⼒。
由于聚焦解决模式主张在问题原因和解决办法之间没有必然的联系，因此，该模式指出，为了促进改变的发⽣⽽探究原因是没有必要的，这与传统问题解决模式中探究问题的原因从⽽引出解决⽅案形成了极⼤的反差。
聚焦解决模式的发展最先源于⼼理学家们对传统问题解决模式的反思。
传统的问题解决模式常常强调以寻找“问题原因”为核⼼的线性、分析式的逻辑推理过程。
然⽽，由于⼈类的思维决策存在验证偏见（confirmation bias，指总是寻找⽀持⾃⼰观点证据）和固执（fixation，指墨守陈规）的倾向。
因⽽，传统问题解决模式可能导致，问题产⽣的原因被看的过重，个体也会因为⼀味地寻找问题发⽣的根源⽽忽略了对那些有利的事情的发现。
由于我们⾯对的⼀些问题通常⽆法完全解决，这也容易导致个体出现消极、悲观的情绪。
与之相反，聚焦解决模式则强调了创造性和⾮理性思维在达成⽬标中的重要性，这种新的模式不仅仅看重对问题本⾝的认识，⽽是更看重如何利⽤⾃⾝的资源来防⽌问题的再次出现，或者说使情况变得更好。
英语作文必备句型(新东方)带中文翻译
（一）表格和图表题型的核心句型（虚线处的内容可依具体情况灵活替换）]As can be seen from / in the chart / diagram / table / graph...从表格/图形中咱们可以看到……The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.表格显示比去年上升了3倍。
According to / As is shown in the Table / Figure / Chart...如表格/图表中显示……The number is 5 times as much as that of...此数字是……的5倍。
It has increased by three times as compared with that of ...同……相较，增加了3倍。
It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that...从表格/图表/数据中咱们可以看到…From the table / figures / data / results / information above, it can / may be seen / concluded /shown / estimated / calculated / inferred that…从以上的表格/图表/数据/结果/信息中，咱们可以看到/总结/预测/计算/得出…A has the highest sales figure in the three departments, followed byB and C.在3个部门中，A的销售额最高，其次是B和C。
The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.A的数字是B的两倍。
Ansys fluent模块常用术语中英文翻译对照
粘性的 粘性
Sutherland Law
萨兰德定律
Pressure Far-Field 压力远场
Gauge pressure 表压
X-component of flow direction X 方向的流动部分
Thermal
热
Residual Smoothing 残差光顺 （理论上残差光顺可以加速收 敛，但会增加计算量，光顺次数越多，计算量越大，而且残差光顺往往 和显式时间推进、多重网格、松弛因子配合使用，在最佳搭配下才能起 到加速收敛的作用。）
solvesolvesolve解决解决解决解释解释解释inletinletinlet进口进口进口solutionsolutionsolution解决方案解决方案解决方案equationequationequation方程方程方程flowflowflow流动流动流动流量流量流量underrelaxationunderrelaxationunderrelaxationfactorfactorfactor根据松弛因子根据松弛因子根据松弛因子pressurevelocitypressurevelocitypressurevelocitycouplingcouplingcoupling压力速度耦合压力速度耦合压力速度耦合discretizationdiscretizationdiscretization离散离散离散modifiedmodifiedmodifiedturbulentturbulentturbulentviscosityviscosityviscosity湍流粘度改性湍流粘度改性湍流粘度改性momentummomentummomentum势头势头势头动量动量动量冲力冲力冲力secondsecondsecondorderorderorderupwindupwindupwind二阶迎风二阶迎风二阶迎风initializeinitializeinitialize初始化初始化初始化secondsecondsecondorderorderorder二阶二阶二阶monitorsmonitorsmonitors显示器显示器显示器residualresidualresidual残差残差虽然是判断收敛的一个重要标准残差残差虽然是判断收敛的一个重要标准残差残差虽然是判断收敛的一个重要标准但是一些其他的参数也常被用来判断收敛例如气动力随迭代不再变但是一些其他的参数也常被用来判断收敛例如气动力随迭代不再变但是一些其他的参数也常被用来判断收敛例如气动力随迭代不再变化监控点的某物理量不再发生变化或呈有规律的变化周期性的化监控点的某物理量不再发生变化或呈有规律的变化周期性的化监控点的某物理量不再发生变化或呈有规律的变化周期性的这里对于定常流动流量的守恒情况也是判断收敛的一个重要依据这里对于定常流动流量的守恒情况也是判断收敛的一个重要依据这里对于定常流动流量的守恒情况也是判断收敛的一个重要依据plotplotplot划分划分划分animate
数值分析中常用数学词汇英中文对照翻译.
数值分析中常用数学词汇英中文对照abbreviation 简写符号;简写absolute error 绝对误差absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速accumulation 累积accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律additive property 可加性adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式;代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algorithm 算法系统; 规则系统alternating series 交错级数alternative hypothesis 择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设analysis 分析;解析angle 角anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向anti-derivative 反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm 逆对数;反对数anti-symmetric 反对称approach 接近;趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似;略计;逼近Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积argument (1论证; (2辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术array 数组; 数组ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂assumption 假定;假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptote 渐近augmented matrix 增广矩阵average 平均;平均数;平均值axiom 公理back substitution 回代base (1底;(2基;基数basis 基belong to 属于bias 偏差;偏倚billion 十亿binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary system 二进制binomial 二项式bisection method 分半法;分半方法boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界(线;边界bounded 有界的bounded above 有上界的;上有界的bounded below 有下界的;下有界的bounded function 有界函数bounded sequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度calculation 计算calculator 计算器;计算器calculus (1 微积分学; (2 演算cancel 消法;相消Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标category 类型;范畴centre 中心;心chain rule 链式法则chance 机会change of base 基的变换change of variable 换元;变量的换characteristic equation 特征(征方程characteristic function 特征(征函数characteristic root 特征(征根chart 图;图表check digit 检验数位checking 验算circle 圆classification 分类clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise moment 顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coefficient 系数cofactor 余因子; 余因式coincide 迭合;重合collection of terms 并项collinear 共线collinear planes 共线面column (1列;纵行;(2 柱column matrix 列矩阵column vector 列向量combination 组合common denominator 同分母;公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数;公约common factor 公因子;公因子common multiple 公位数;公倍comparable 可比较的complement 余;补余completing the square 配方complex number 复数complex number plane 复数平面complex root 复数根component 分量composite function 复合函数; 合成函数computation 计算computer 计算机;电子计算器concept 概念conclusion 结论condition 条件conditional 条件句;条件式conjugate 共轭constant 常数constant of integration 积分常数constraint 约束;约束条件continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contradiction 矛盾converge 收敛convergence 收敛性convergent 收敛的convergent iteration 收敛的迭代convergent sequence 收敛序列convergent series 收敛级数convex 凸convexity 凸性coordinate 坐标corollary 系定理; 系; 推论correspondence 对应counter clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向counter example 反例counting 数数;计数criterion 准则critical point 临界点critical region 临界域cirtical value 临界值cube 正方体;立方;立方体cubic 三次方;立方;三次(的 cubic equation 三次方程cubic roots of unity 单位的立方根cumulative 累积的curve 曲线decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制definite integral 定积分definition 定义degree (1 度; (2 次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of ODE 常微分方程次数delete 删除; 删去denary number 十进数denominator 分母dependence (1相关; (2应变derivable 可导derivative 导数determinant 行列式diagonal 对角线diagonal matrix 对角矩阵difference 差difference equation 差分方程differentiable 可微differential 微分differential coefficient 微商; 微分系数differential equation 微分方程differential mean value theorem 微分中值定理differentiate 求...的导数differentiation 微分法digit 数字dimension 量; 量网; 维(数direction 方向; 方位discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous 间断(的;连续(的; 不连续(的discontinuous point 不连续点discrete 分立; 离散distance 距离diverge 发散divergence 发散(性divergent 发散的divergent iteration 发散性迭代divergent sequence 发散序列divide 除dividend (1被除数;divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数;除式;因子dot 点dot product 点积echelon form 梯阵式echelon matrix 梯矩阵eigenvalue 本征值eigenvector 本征向量element 元素elementary row operation 基本行运算elimination 消法elimination method 消去法;消元法empty set 空集equivalent 等价(的error 误差error estimate 误差估计error term 误差项estimate 估计;估计量evaluate 计值exact 真确exact solution 准确解;精确解;真确解exact value 法确解;精确解;真确解example 例expand 展开experiment 实验;试验experimental 试验的exponent 指数exponential function 指数函数express…in terms of… 以………表达extreme point 极值点extreme value 极值extremum 极值factor 因子;因式;商factor method 因式分解法factorial 阶乘factorization 因子分解;因式分解fallacy 谬误FALSE 假(的falsehood 假值finite 有限finite sequence 有限序列first derivative 一阶导数first order differential equation 一阶微分方程fixed point 不动点fixed point iteration method 不动点迭代法for all X 对所有X for each /every X 对每一Xform 形式;型format 格式;规格formula(formulae 公式fraction 分数;分式function 函数fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理Gaussian elimination 高斯消去法general form 一般式;通式general solution 通解;一般解general term 通项given 给定;已知global 全局; 整体global maximum 全局极大值; 整体极大值global minimum 全局极小值; 整体极小值gradient (1斜率;倾斜率;(2梯度graph 图像;图形;图表graphical method 图解法graphical representation 图示;以图样表达graphical solution 图解growth 增长higher order derivative 高阶导数horizontal 水平的;水平hypothesis 假设identity 等(式identity matrix 恒等矩阵if and only if/iff 当且仅当;若且仅若if…, then 若….则;如果…..则illustration 例证;说明image 像点;像imaginary number 虚数implicit function 隐函数imply 蕴涵;蕴含improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分increase 递增;增加indefinite integral 不定积分independence 独立;自变inequality 不等式;不等inequality sign 不等号infinite 无限;无穷infinite sequence 无限序列;无穷序列infinite series 无限级数;无穷级数infinitesimal 无限小;无穷小infinity 无限(大;无穷(大initial approximation 初始近似值initial condition 原始条件;初值条件initial value 初值;始值initial-value problem 初值问题inner product 内积input 输入integer 整数integral 积分integrate 积;积分;......的积分integration 积分法integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法;换元积分法interchange 互换intermediate value theorem 介值定理interpolating polynomial 插值多项式interpolation 插值interval 区间intuition 直观invalid 失效;无效invariance 不变性invariant (1不变的;(2不变量;不变式inverse 反的;逆的inverse function 反函数;逆函数inverse matrix 逆矩阵inverse problem 逆算问题invertible 可逆的invertible matrix 可逆矩阵iterate (1迭代值; (2迭代iteration 迭代iterative method 迭代法known 己知Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日插值多项代leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 主对角线lemma 引理limit 极限limit of sequence 序列的极限line of best-fit 最佳拟合line segment 线段linear 线性;一次linear convergence 线性收敛性linear differeantial equation 线性微分方程linear equation 线性方程;一次方程linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程;二元线性方程linearly dependent 线性相关的linearly independent 线性无关的local maximum 局部极大(值local minimum 局部极小(值logic 逻辑long division method 长除法loop 回路lower bound 下界lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵Maclaurin expansion 麦克劳林展开式magnitude 量;数量;长度;大小mantissa 尾数matrix 阵; 矩阵matrix addition 矩阵加法matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix multiplication 矩阵乘法matrix operation 矩阵运算maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差mean value theorem 中值定理method of completing square 配方法method of interpolation 插值法; 内插法method of least squares 最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution 代换法;换元法method of successive substitution 逐次代换法; 逐次调替法minimize 极小minus 减modulus of a complex number 复数的模monomial 单项式multiple 倍数multiple root 多重根multiplication 乘法multiplicity 重数multiplier 乘数;乘式multiply 乘mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直n factorial n阶乘n th derivative n阶导数n th root n次根;n次方根n the root of unity 单位的n次根natural logarithm 自然对数necessary and sufficient condition 充要条件necessary condition 必要条件negative 负neighborhood 邻域Newton-Cote's rule 牛顿- 高斯法则Newton-Raphson's method 牛顿- 纳逊方法Newton's formula 牛顿公式Newton's method 牛顿方法non-linear 非线性non-linear equation 非线性方程non-negative 非负的non-singular (1满秩的; (2非奇异的non-singular matrix 满秩矩阵non-trivial 非平凡的non-zero 非零norm 模方; 范数normal (1垂直的;正交的;法线的(2正态的(3正常的;正规的normalize 正规化normalized form 标准型notation 记法;记号null 零; 空null set 空集null vector 零向量number 数numerator 分子numerical method 计算方法;数值法objective function 目标函数octant 卦限odd function 奇函数one-to-one 一个对一个one-one correspondence 一一对应operation 运算order of a matrix 矩阵的阶ordinary differential equation 常微分方程origin 原点orthogonal 正交orthogonality 正交性 outcome 结果 output 输出 parameter 参数；参变量parametric equation 参数方程 partition 分割; 划分 periodic function 周期函数permutation 排列 perpendicular 垂线；垂直(于 phase 相; 位相 pivot 支点 plot 绘图plus 加 point 点 polynomial 多项式 polynomial equation 多项式方程 positive 正 post-multiply 后乘; 自右乘 premultiply 前乘; 自左乘 prime 素 product 乘积；积 proper integral 正常积分 property 性质 quadratic convergence 二阶收敛性 quadratic formula 二次公式 quadratic function 二次函数 quadratic inequality 二次不等式 quadrature 求积法 quadrilateral 四边形 quotient 商；商式 quotient rule 商法则 R.H.S 右 rank 秩 rate of convergence 收敛率 ratio 比 ; 比率 rational function 有理函数 real number 实数 real part 实部 real root 实根 reciprocal 倒数 rectangle 长方形；矩形 recurrence formula 递推公式 recurrent 循环的 recurring decimal 循环小数 reduce 简化 region 区域 region of convergency 收敛区域 regular 正；规则 relative error 相对误差 remainder term 余项root 根 rotation 旋转 rounded number 舍数 rounding(off 舍入；四舍五入 row 行；棋行 row vector 行向量; 行矢量 rule 规则；法(则 satisfy 满足；适合 scalar 纯量; 无向量, 标量 scalar matrix 纯量矩阵 scale 比例尺；标度；图尺 scientific notation 科学记数法 secant (1正割; (2割线 secant method 正割法 second derivative 二阶导数 second order ordinary differential equation 二阶常微分方程 sentence 句；语句 sequence 序列series 级数 set 集 shaded portion 有阴影部分 shape 形状 shear 位移 side 边；侧 sign 符号；记号 signed number 有符号数 significant figure 有效数字 signum 正负号函数similar 相似 simplify 简化 Simpson's integral 森逊积分 Simpson's rule 森逊法则singular 奇的 singular matrix 奇异矩阵; 不可逆矩阵 span 生成 square (1平方；(2正方形 square bracket 方括号square matrix 方(矩阵 stability 稳度 stationary 平稳 stationary point 平稳点; 逗留点; 驻点 straight line 直线 subset 子集 substitute 代入 substitution 代入; 代入法subtract 减 subtraction 减法 successive approximation 逐次逼近法 successive derivative 逐次导数 successive differentiation 逐次微分法 sufficiency 充份性 sufficient and necessary condition 充要条件 sufficient condition 充份条件 sufficiently close 充份接近suffix 下标 sum 和 summation 求和法; 总和 symbol 符号; 记号 symmetry 对称; 对称性Taylor’s expansion 泰勒展开式 term 项 transpose 移项；转置 transpose of matrix 倒置矩阵；转置矩阵 trapezium 梯形 trapezoidal integral 梯形积分 trapezoidal rule 梯形法则 trial 试；试验 triangle 三角形 triangular matrix 三角矩阵 trigonometric equation 三角方程 trigonometric function 三角函数 triple 三倍 trivial solution 平凡解truncation error 截断误差 undefined 未下定义(的 undetermined coefficient 待定系数unequal 不等 unique solution 唯一解 uniqueness 唯一性 unit 单位 unit area 单位面积unit circle 单位圆 unknown 未知数；未知量 upper bound 上界 upper limit 上限 upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵 validity 真确性; 有效性 variable 变项；变量；元；变元；变数 vector 向量; 矢量 vector function 向量函数; 矢量函数 vector product 矢量积; 矢量积 vector space 向量空间 verify 证明；验证 weight (1重量；(2权 weighted average, weighted mean 加权平均数 without loss of generality 不失一般性 x-axis x 轴x-coordinate x 坐标 x-intercept x 轴截距 y-axis y 轴 y-coordinate y 坐标 y-intercept y轴截距 zero 零 zero factor 零因子 zero matrix 零矩阵 zero vector 零向量 zeros of a function 函数零值。
Ansys fluent模块常用术语中英文翻译对照
Invert 倒置 颠倒过来
reverse 反向
Superficial velocity 表面速度 Physical velocity 物理速度
Property 属性 性能 特性
Absorption Coefficient 吸热系数
Thermal Expansion Coefficient 热膨胀系数
比率 比值
Symmetry
对称 对称性
Formulation
制定 公式化
explict 收敛较慢）
显式 （显式比隐式 implicit 格式更节省内存，但代价是
Gradient option 梯度选择 (基于节点的高斯克林函数求梯度的方
法比基于控制体中心的精度要高，特别适合非结构化网格)
Viscous/viscosity Density 密度
Init 初始化
use field function 使用领域的功能
Moving reference frame 运动参考系模型
Sliding meshs 滑移网格模型（可以处理非定常问题，处理的通常是带 周期性的问题，也可用于计算非周期性的问题，但在需要考虑干扰过程 细节时，必须使用滑移网格技术 ,用滑移网格方法计算出来的流场是实 际的流场）
Solve
1.解 2.解决 3.解释
Inlet
Solution
1.进口
解决方案
Equation
方程
Flow
流动 流量
under-relaxation factor 根据松弛因子
Pressure-velocity coupling 压力速度耦合
Discretization
离散
Modified turbulent viscosity 湍流粘度改性
(完整word版)常见材料学专业名词中英文对译
目录英文缩写词钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译对文中使用的英文缩写词说明如下：缩写英文原文中文翻译CQ Commercial Quality 普通级DQ Drawing Quality 冲压级DDQ Deep Drawing Quality 深冲级EDDQ Extra Deep Drawing Quality 超深冲级CSP Compact Srip Production 紧凑式带钢生产IF Interstitial Free (Steel) 无间隙原子（钢)LC Low Carbon 低碳(钢）DSA Dynamic Strain Aging 动态应变老化MFS Mean Flow Stress 平均流动应力YS Yield Stress 屈服应力DRC Dynamic Recovery 动态回复DRX Dynamic Recrystallization 动态再结晶SRX Static Recrystallization 静态再结晶SRC Static Recovery 静态回复Ti-IF Ti Interstitial Free （Steel) 含钛无间隙原子(钢)Ti—Nb IF Ti-Nb Interstitial Free （Steel）含钛铌无间隙原子（钢) ULC Ultra Low Carbon(Steel) 超低碳钢DSP Direct Strip Production 带钢直接生产FTSR Flexible Thin Slab Rolling 灵活性薄板坯轧制C。
C。
T Continuous Cooling Transformation 过冷奥氏体连续转变曲线T.T。
T Time Temperature Transformation 过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science 社会科学统计软件包钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength(完整word版)常见材料学专业名词中英文对译抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re—cycling ＆ environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size， mass， charge of an atom， and is particles （Pronton,Nentron and Electron）原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构,定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice ＆ Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数Mill’s Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态TransformationTransformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties ＆ testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity ＆ specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度（降伏强度） (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous ＆ Non – ferrous Metal磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction透磁度 Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility （Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force）及磁场（Magnetic Field）是因物料里的电子（Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism ＆ Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism， Paramagnetic ＆ Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用”碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi—killed steel沸腾钢（未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting， Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling ＆ Steel 熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing ＆ stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车（快削）不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64Nickel， Chrome ＆ Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel ＆ Plate冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 — 95Cold Rolled （Low carbon） Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard –American Society for testing and materials （ASTM）日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon）steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil ＆ sheet electro—plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages， industrial standard, quality， condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试（厚度： 0。
计算机中英论文
Understanding Web Addresses You can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these
news - a newsgroup
Ø telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet Ø WAIS - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database Ø file - a file located on a local drive (your hard drive)
1
resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file. What does a typical URL look like? Here are some examples: / The home page for study English. ftp:///pub/ A directory of files at MIT available for downloading. news:rec.gardens.roses A newsgroup on rose gardening. The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example: Ø Ø Ø files Ø http - a hypertext document or directory gopher - a gopher document or menu ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such