小学英语阅读理解解题技巧汇总

小学英语阅读理解解题技巧汇总
小学英语阅读理解解题技巧汇总

小学英语阅读理解解题技巧汇总

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小学生英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导

阅读一是要读得懂,二是要读得快,读而不懂不行,懂而太慢也不行,作为阅读的基本要求,如何才能帮助我们的学生们打好阅读的基础呢?

一、培养正确的阅读习惯

有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯,如一个词一个词地读,且常伴有一些习惯动作:用手指、摆头等,这就是速读的障碍,并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读,我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式:(1)用手指或笔指词阅读;(2)逐词阅读;(3)复读;(4)声读;(5)心译。这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度,不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。应当指出,孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视,但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。

二、加强按意群阅读的训练

按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群,目光要尽可能少地停顿。试比较:(1)I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.(目光停顿7次),(2)I usually / go to school / by bike.(目光停3次)。其中,(1)为逐词读,(2)为按意群读。具体说来,读的时候我们要指导学生,不要把目光停在某一个词上,而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词,眼睛不要盯在字行上,要高一些,这样,

映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词;读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头,只要眼球来回转动就可以了;保持坐姿端正,书本应放到眼睛正前方,眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜,这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息,正确的读书写字姿势,如下图:关键在于它既不是默读(心读)更不是朗读,而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系,即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程,非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之?因此,我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法:1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料(最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度)。通过这种练习,对什么是意群,怎样区分意群,如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上,逐步就会有所实际地感受。

2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来,再用目光扫读,使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。

随着阅读的深入,熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度,并利用头脑中已有的相关知识,借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选择、推测和推理,必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。我们必须明确地告诉孩子,跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。

三、培养语言预测能力

所谓语言预测,就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识(词法和句法),凭借上文,猜测出下文可能出现的内容,达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如,利用词法的搭配习惯,在读到I go to school by ... 时,我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词;利用句法知识,在我们读到Thank you for ... 时,我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词,这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He likes listening ... 时,就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构;读到Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。

眼未到心先知,眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了,这样读起来,自然就会快多了。

四、避免翻译

在开始的时候,逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻译,养成习惯了,势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维,这不是一下子就可以完全做到的,但可以循序渐进,例如我们学了apple这个单词,我们在文章中见到它时,并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解,而是可以直接由英语到实物。再如读到She was flying a kite.时,我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线,天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面,避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后,再到画面的中间环节,那么就节省了时间。在英语的阅读理解中,孩子往往会或多

或少地遇到各种各样的生词,这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪,那么生词便是顽石、沟坎,使溪流不断回漩激起浪花;冲过去便渐入佳境,冲不过去便成为一潭死水。跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。猜测词义的方法有很多,有的时候不靠查字典的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义,其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用,不影响阅读就足够了。例如:PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子:Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明显,instruments没学过,是生词,但并不影响学生的阅读,学生通过上文中的violin下文中的music,能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时,碰到不认识的字词,并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思,而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义,不求甚解。生词问题解决了,就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。

阅读理解“猜词”六技巧

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,

for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如:

You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,

此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.

从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in

the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

小学英语阅读技巧总结

一、面向全体,因材施教

在阅读教学过程中,不可回避的如何对待优中差生。在设计阅读教学时注重面向全体学生,难度适中,让大家都参与。我根据个人素质,性格特点等,因材施教,分层要求,以求最有效的激励机制促学生不断上进。在激发他们的发现阅读的趣味性,培养他们的独立思考和合作探究的创新精神,实践能力,无形中调动学生的言语资料库。在实践中他们学会自我评价,由此产生的成就感又转化为无穷尽的学习后继力。

二、注重阅读策略的渗透

掌握有效的阅读策略是培养学生自主阅读的重要条件之一。但小学生的阅读策略尚处于形成期,因此在学习过程中,教师应当逐步培养学生的阅读策略,如速读、略读和跳读等等。课前预习是提高阅读课堂教学效率的前提。学生阅读之前教师应及时给学生提供有关课文内容的背景知识材料和预习练习,指导学生预习。课堂导读是提供阅读实践活动的保障。学生在教师的指导下,从篇章结构、主题思想、细节信息到文章寓意等多方面地理解课文。

阅读过程可分三个步骤:

阅读的基本环节有pre-reading,while-reading和post-reading。那么,每个环节的作用是什么,我们又是采用什么样

的方法更好地达成我们的教学目标呢?

1. Pre-reading(阅读前)

在pre-reading部分一个最重要的目的是背景上的介绍,它让学生进入这个故事的发生的背景。另外做一些准备活动,像warming up,包括知识的准备和文化背景的准备。pre-reading部分是以准备为主,实际上就是为后面学习做些准备活动。一般没有必要呈现所有的生词,只呈现那些对阅读理解形成重大障碍的生词。因为学生会在课文的语境中判断出生词的含义(根据语境判断课文中生词的含义是阅读策略)。

Pre-reading的活动设计应根据学习内容的不同,采取不同的方式。比如问答、讨论、小测验、游戏等,复习相关的词汇和语言结构,或从标题和图片入手,猜测故事的主题,使学生适度了解文章内容等。以B8U2 Part B Read and write为例,可以设计一个发指令做动作的练习,复习turn left, turn right, go straight; 如果想渗透阅读中的句子,也可以发指令:Walk east / north / south / west for two steps。

Pre-reading在活动设计的时候,要注意学生的年龄特点,高年级学生的活动最好是有思维能力的,有挑战性的。

2. While-reading(阅读中)

While-reading是学生自己阅读的环节。这一环节最重要的是让学生在读的过程中去理解关键信息,去获得关键信息。为了达到这

六年级小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练

六年级小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练 (一)、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。 1故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫,只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。 这类短文一般难度不大,认真阅读,仔细选择,问题都可以解决,如Write a Letter to Mary, A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等 2小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring Festival .等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显,从文中都能找到答案. 同学可动手做做下题:根据短文内容选择答案. 1.Sam is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes them with water only. He does not use soap(肥皂). Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know w hat you ate for breakfast this morning.” “What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says. “Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.” “You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(前天)!”( )(1).Who is Sam? A. He is English. B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher. ( )(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”? A. It’s “ 脏的“. B It’s “干净的” C It’s “坏的“ D It’s “好的” ( )(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth? A Eggs. B Soap C Water D Bread ( )(4) Which of these is not wrong? A Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day. B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning. C Sam doesn’t like eggs at all. D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle. (二)、解题时有以下几种方法: (1)略读法:关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读,获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段,第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图,而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句,因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想,文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。 (2)查阅法:考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息,即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。 (3)同义互释法:在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。 (4)判断推理法:有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项,这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图,选择比较,去伪存真,选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。

(完整版)小学四年级英语阅读理解20篇)

四年级英语阅读理解20篇 姓名: 1、My name is Billy . I’m a boy . I am eleven . I’m in China now . My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher . I like Chinese food , but my parents (父母亲) don’t . They like bread . I have a nice room . There’s a bed , a desk and a chair in it . There’re many books on the desk . I like books . I often (经常)read books in the evening . ( )1. Billy is ________. A. a boy B. eleven C. in China D. A,B and C ( )2. Billy’s father is ________. A. a teacher B. a doctor C. Chinese D. a worker ( )3. Billy likes ________. A. Chinese B. Chinese food C. bread D. English ( )4. Billy has a ________ room . A. nice B. big C. small D. good ( )5. Billy often reads books ________. A. at home B. after class C. in the evening D. at school 2、阅读下面对话,判断句子,正确的写“T” ,错误的写“F” 。 My name is Tom. I’m a student. My school is not very big , but very beautiful. Look, this is my classroom. It’s very bright. There is a computer on the teacher’s desk. There are 46 students in my class. 22 girls and 24 boys . My school has two libraries. The big one is for the students. The small one is for the teachers. There’s a big playground in the school . I like to play football there . I like my school very much. ()1. Tom’s school is very big and beautiful. ()2. Tom’s classroom is very bright. ()3. There’s a computer in the classroom. ()4.There are twenty-four girls in Tom’s class. ()5. The big library is for the teachers.

小学英语阅读理解试题

小学英语阅读理解试题 学校_________________ 一.短文填空:(根据短文的意思,在所给的词中选择合适的填在相应的空格中,使短文完整,每格一词。(10分) (apples , Winter , summer, rains , plant , ski , snowman , in , cold ,often , swim , cool , Sometimes ) I love summer. It’s very hot in _________ . I can _______ in the se a. Spring is beautiful. But it often ________ . It’s hard to _______ flowers in the rain. In fall, I can pick _______ . I can eat a lot. ________ comes. It’s very ________ . ___________ it snows. I can ________ and make a __________. 二.补全对话:根据上下文的意思选择适当的句子,将其编号填在下面对话的横线上。(10分) A.What’s the date today? B. Do you like winter? C. When is your birthday? D.What’s the weather like in fall? E.What’s the date ? F. Do you like fall? Mike: __________________________________? Chen:My birthday is in September . Mike: ___________________________________? Chen: It’s September 11th . Mike: __________________________________? Chen: Yes, my birthday is in fall . Mike: ____________________________________ ? Chen: It’s windy and cool . Mike: ___________________________________ ? Chen: Yes , I like fall. But my favourite season is summer 三.阅读理解:根据上下文意思选择正确的答案,并将其字母编号填在题前的括号里。(10分) Amy:When do you get up? Mike: I get up at 6:40. I get up early because I have breakfast at home. Amy: What about weekends? Mike:Oh, I get up at 9:00 .

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