福建省莆田市第六中学任务型阅读单元测试题doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

After a long day at work, coming home is a breath of fresh air. Home is a comfortable place to sit back and relax. ________ Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental health.

Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do. It may seem like a tiring thing to clean but there is a reason for doing so. We can remove dust by cleaning the house. Leaving layers of dust everywhere means that there is a build-up of dust. And where do these layers of dust go?________

Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important. We may not realize it but sunlight is an important part of our growth. We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions. ________ Think about using a Parans system where sunlight does not reach. This technology gathers the sunlight by using solar panels. It can send out sunlight wherever we are.

________ Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air. They also give off oxygen, which can lower stress and improve our moods.

Along the lines of being green, it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing into the house. Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health. ________ They may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in, or simple absorbed through the skin.

A. However, is it as healthy as it can be?

B. Is our home as comfortable as it used to be?

C. Into our lungs.

D. The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.

E. Besides, it can reduce both stress and high blood pressure.

F. It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.

G. It is acknowledges that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health.

【答案】 A；C；E；F；D

【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，家是一个让人感到舒适温馨的地方，介绍营造健康家庭环境的方法。

（1）根据后一句以下是几件值得做的事情来创建健康的家庭环境，以此缓解我们的压力，改善我们的身体和精神健康，A选项，我们现在的家还一如既往的健康吗？后一句是对这一句的回答，一问一答，切题，故选A。

（2）根据前一句And where do these layers of dust go?可知，这些灰尘去哪里了？本空是对上一句的回答，故C选项，这些灰尘进入了我们的肺部，切题，故选C。

（3）本段主要讲述阳光的重要性，以及前一句We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions.，阳光可以改善我们工作条件，E选项，除此之外，还可以减轻压力和降低高血压，同样陈述阳光的好处，切题，故选E。

（4）本空是本段第一句，根据后一句Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air.

可知，本段讲述绿色植物的重要性，故F选项，家里种绿色植物是个好主意，切题，故选F。

（5）根据前一句Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health.可知，努力避免使用对身体有害的塑料制品，D选项，同样也适用某些地毯和涂料，都阐述避免进入家里的物品，切合主题，故选D。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

2．阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Study in Canada

Why Canada?

Canadians place a premium(保险) on education and demand first-rate schools. Canada is among the top three countries in the Organization for Economic. International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.

Ranked as #1 in the World

For the past several years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live in. Conducted every year, the survey evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.

Canadian Education is Competitively Priced

Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country

More than 800000 Canadians trace their roots back to India!

High Standard of Living

Canadians enjoy a standard of living among the highest in the world. More than 65 per cent of Canadians own their own homes, with a higher percentage owning durable goods. Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.

The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas. Welcoming & Beautiful Environment

All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. Canadian cities provide numerous parks, gardens and beaches for public use, as well as excellent sports and recreation facilities. Canadians place a high value on their natural environment.

Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. Canadian crime rates have been falling steadily since the 1990s. In 1997, Canada's police-reported crime rate decreased for the sixth year in a row, falling by five per cent. Violent crimes declined for the fifth year in a row in

1997 and Canada's homicide (杀人) rate now accounts for less than one percent of all reported violent incidents. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.

Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants(居民) live in Québec(魁北克), which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout the country.

Internationally, it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. Canada offers superior English as a Second Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to learn either or both languages.

Environment；convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy；safe；forbidden / prohibited / banned；Over

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加拿大的的教育环境。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据 Why Canada?部分中的“International students who graduate fr om Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.”从加拿大大学毕业的国际学生获得成功和有前途的职业。名词所有格后接动名词，因此填graduating。

（2）考查信息提升。根据Ranked as #1 in the World部分中的“Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.”在接受教育方面，加拿大获得了特别高的分数，长寿，犯罪率和暴力率低。可知犯罪和暴力很少发生，故填seldom / rarely。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据Canadian Education is Competitively Priced部分中的“Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country”国际学生在加拿大的学费比其它说英语的国家相对较低，可知此处应填higher。

（4）考查信息提升。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“ Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.”加拿大人为他们举世闻名和高度先进的广播系统感到骄傲，其中包括一千多个调频电台和大约719个电视台，为听众和观众提供服务、娱乐和教育,可知加拿大的广播系统有多重目的，故填different / various / several。

（5）考查推理判断。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas.”加拿大的三千多万人口大部分住在诚实地区，可知少数人住在农村，故填rural。

（6）考查信息归纳。根据标题Welcoming & Beautiful Environment，可知填Environment。（7）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. ”所有主要的城市中心都有各种各样的购物中心，饭店，剧院，美术馆和博物馆，可知住在市中心是便利，舒适，享受的，故填convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy。

（8）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. ”众所周知加拿大是一个安全、公正与和平的社会。故填safe。

（9）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.”不像邻国美国，武器受到严格管制，加拿大一般不允许使用。可知填forbidden / prohibited / banned。

（10）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“ it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. ”据估计8亿多人说英语，2亿5千人说法语，故填Over。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息提升和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my attention immediately.

The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face. And all the time she was looking at HIM...

"Jim, I think we should change the park. It's the same every Saturday. You know..." "Sus! Hug me."— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.

At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through

together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life.

They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.

（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words) （2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words)

（3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words) （4）What does the underlined word "dedicated" mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.

（2）Because they loved each other deeply.

（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.

（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the pro bability that one of them would outlive the other.”可知作者想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可能正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是什么使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是和你相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为"奉献"。故填Devoted/ Give entirely.。

（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

4．（2019?天津）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.

Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.

On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.

"He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.

Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.

Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”

（1）What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）

（2）How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）

（3）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）

（4）Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）

（5）Who is the "sunshine" in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）

【答案】（1）Cleaning the（school）building.

Or: Doing（the）cleaning.

Or: He cleans the（school）building.

Or: He does（the）cleaning.

（2）By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.

Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.

Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.

Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.

（3）Love.

Or: Liking.

Or: Fondness.

（4）（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.

Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.

Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.

Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.

（5）My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.

Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.

Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，清洁工Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing （the） cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在

走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him. / They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. / They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love /Liking /Fondness.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard. / (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work. /(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working. / (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.

（5）考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而做出正确答案。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.

________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.

________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give

out personal information.________

In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely.

A. Trust their children more.

B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.

C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online.

D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else.

E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too.

F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face.

G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them.

【答案】 F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，父母的担心和解决办法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，使他们更容易焦虑，更容易出现健康问题。F项：孩子们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性，与上文并列，也是对青少年的另一方面的危害，故答案选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业，G项：家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起，符合本段内容，都是说明家长对这种现象的看法，故答案选G。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心，本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，C项：知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要，承上启下，指出了问题的严重性和解决办法，故答案选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。与本段One way呼应，办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。D项表达了此意，故答案选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施，B项：把电脑放在家里的公共区域，是措施之一，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时，存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

6．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies

Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.

But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.

In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.

Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.

But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.

But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.

The changes facing fast-food companies

⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____ ____ ⑼________ ⑽________

【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。（1）考查名词。根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractiv e.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。（4）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the

Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impressi on of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。（10）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

7．阅读下面短文，回答问题。

I am a member at the Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference. This is the conference where I got my start about 15 years ago, so it feels special whenever I go back there.

I usually teach multiple sessions, host a table at meals where I can talk with conferees, and often have about 40-50 private appointments with attendees. I take great pleasure in giving my personal advice on the beginners' writing journey after listening to their puzzlement.

And then I realized something, as I looked across the room and saw AI Gansky and Eva Marie Everson whom I'd had private appointments with many years ago when I was one of the conferees. The only reason I am a member there now is because countless people like them have invested in me. As a new writer, I once expressed my book ideas to Al and Eva, and they encouraged me a lot. Award-winning authors Yvonne Lehman and Steven James welcomed me to their group and shared their knowledge. And Edie, Vonda, Linda, Lynette, Michelle and so many

others became my writing friends, offering encouragement and support along the way. I'd never have made it on this journey without them.

Last week, I was invited to experience the life in the countryside with some writer friends. I refused the invitation at first. I was away from home a lot because of the numerous book releases and conferences. I felt so exhausted that I just wanted to stay at home. However, my sweet husband said, "Honey, why don't you go? It will be good for you. It can be a great source of inspiration for you." I'd never have made it without the support of this precious man who's been my chief encourager. It moves me to tears to think about all the times he's cleaned the kitchen, folded the laundry, taken care of our children and lugged my suitcases to the car so I can chase my dreams.

I wouldn't be where I am today without all the supportive people and I want to give them a much-deserved shout-out today.

（1）What does the author enjoy doing at the Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference? (No more than 9 words)

（2）How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (No more than 10 words) （3）Why did the author refuse the invitation? (No more than 7 words)

（4）What did the author's husband do to support her? (No more than 10 words)

（5）Is there anyone who helps you to follow your dream? What does he/ she do? (No more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）Sharing her writing experience with the beginners.

Or: She enjoys giving advice to the beginners on writing.

Or: Giving her personal advice on the beginners' writing journey.

（2）Many people have encouraged and supported her.

Or: Many people try to make me successful.

Or: Many people have encouraged and supported me to write.

（3）Because the busy work made her exhausted.

Or: She was busy and felt exhausted.

（4）He encouraged her and helped her look after the family.

Or: He supported her and did many things for family.

（5）Yes. My mom supports me to realize my music dream and encourages me every time I want to give up.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者一直是Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference 的会员，没有别人的帮助和家人的支持，作者不会成功，因此她要把这份爱心传递下去。（1）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“I take great pleasure in giving my personal advice on the beginners' writing journey after listening to their puzzlement.”可知，作者喜欢参加这个会议是因为可以为那些初学写作的新手提供一些个人意见，故答案为Sharing her writing

experience with the beginners. Or: She enjoys giving advice to the beginners on writing. Or: Giving her personal advice on the beginners' writing journey.

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“As a new writer, I once expressed my book ideas to Al and Eva, and they encouraged me a lot. Award-winning authors Yvonne Lehman and Steven James welcomed me to their group and shared their knowledge. And Edie, Vonda, Linda, Lynette, Michelle and so many others became my writing friends, offering encouragement and support along the way.”可知，作为写手，有很多人帮助过她，鼓励过她，因此作者依然没有退出这个会议，故答案为Many people have encouraged and supported her. Or: Many people try to make me successful. Or: Many people have encouraged and supported me to write.

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的“I was away from home a lot because of the numerous book releases and conferences. I f elt so exhausted that I just wanted to stay at home.”可知，由于太多的新书发布会，作者很久没有回家了，因此感觉太累，只想呆在家，答案为Because the busy work made her exhausted. Or: She was busy and felt exhausted.

（4）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的“It moves me to tears to think about all the times he's cleaned the kitchen, folded the laundry, taken care of our children and lugged my suitcases to the car so I can chase my dreams.”可知，让作者非常感动的是，丈夫做家务，照顾孩子，把她把行李放进车里，为了让作者实现其作家梦，故答案为He encouraged her and helped her look after the family. Or: He supported her and did many things for family.

（5）本题属于开放式问题，只要是回答帮助自己实现梦想的人都可以，注意单词拼写和字数限制。答案可以写为：Yes. My mom supports me to realize my music dream and encourages me every time I want to give up.

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义猜测和开放题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

When big news breaks, it's easy to get caught up in following the story online. The Internet can be a place to find useful information. ________ Helping kids understand the news and how to separate fact from fiction is an important job for parents and educators.

Here's some advice that parents can offer kids to help them be quicker to judge as they consume news online.

________ In the rush to cover stories, reporters make mistakes, officials don't always have correct information and tidbits (八卦新闻) that sound reasonable often get passed around before anyone has checked them for accuracy.

Use social media wisely. Some say Twitter is a great source of news in the first few minutes of a tragedy. ________ On the other hand, Facebook can be a great way to connect with friends affected by events in the news and to spread personal news within a more limited circle.

Be skeptical. ________ After the Boston Marathon bombing, NBC Sports reported that some runners kept running all the way to the hospital to donate blood for the victims. Not true. There are plenty of websites devoted to exposing false news stories. The Washington Post also has a Fact Checker column that delivers claims made by public officials and politicians. Visit them to

find out if a story is true.

Keep it age-appropriate. Kids aren't always ready to digest big, tragic news - especially if the news is about kids, such as school shootings or abuses. The constant repetition of information can be confusing for younger kids, and at the beginning of a news event, parents might not be able to offer any correct answers. ________

A. Remember, breaking news is often wrong.

B. It also can be the source of misinformation.

C. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

D. Make sure you and your kids aren't falling victim to false news.

E. However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate.

F. With social media at your fingertips, it's convenient to express your opinion.

G. Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources.【答案】 B；A；E；C；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些父母可以提供给孩子的建议，这些帮助他们在网上阅读新闻时更快地做出判断。

（1）上文提示“互联网是一个可以找到有用信息的地方。”承接上文，B项It also can be the source of misinformation.（它也可能是错误信息的来源。）切题。此处also将上下文连接在一起。故选B。

（2）下文提示“在匆忙报道新闻的过程中，记者会犯错误，官员们并不总是掌握正确的信息，而那些听起来合情合理的小道消息往往会在任何人检查其准确性之前就被传开。”承接下文，A项Remember, breaking news is often wrong.（记住，突发新闻往往是错误的。）切题。故选A。

（3）上文提示“有人说，在悲剧发生的头几分钟里，Twitter是一个很好的新闻来源。”承接上文，E．However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate.（然而，在那之后，它就变得混乱，而且在很大程度上是不准确的。）切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，将上下文仅仅联系在一起。故选E。

（4）根据本段小标题“务必持怀疑态度”。再根据下文提示“波士顿马拉松爆炸案发生后，NBC体育报道称，一些跑步者一直跑到医院为受害者献血。不是真的。”承接标题和下文，C项If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.（如果某件事听起来好得令人难以置信，那么它很可能不是真的。）切题。故选C。

（5）上文提示“不断重复的信息可能会让年幼的孩子感到困惑，而且在新闻活动开始时，父母可能无法提供任何正确的答案。”承接上文，G项Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources.（想要更多地了解某些事件的孩子可以查看儿童指导的新闻来源。）切题。故选G。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

9．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。

There's a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know we're being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government. But the bounds of what's considered too personal to be uploaded or shared online seems to shrink by the day.

I complain about the lack of privacy, for example, and yet I willingly and routinely trade it for convenience. I no longer run the risk of unforeseen delays on public transport; Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination; I no longer need to remember my friends' birthdays; Facebook will urge me, and invariably appeal to me to post an update to remind people I exist. All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in on me.

So what's going on? “Visibility is a trap,” explained the French philosopher Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison(1975). Allowing oneself to be watched, and learning to watch others, is both attractive and dangerous. He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant. The prisoners would believe in the presence of the mysterious watchman, whether or not anyone was actually inside, and behave themselves.

According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society. In the presence of ever-watching witness, people police themselves. They don't know what the observers are looking for, or what the punishments are for disobedience (不顺从). But they willingly accept and follow this invisible discipline.

Foucault claimed that such monitoring is worrisome, not just because of what companies and states might do with our data, but because the act of watching is itself a terrible exercise of power, which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.

But something's not right here. Why does the self-display continue when we are sure that we are watched from everywhere and nowhere?

Social media provides a public space that often operates more like a private one, where many people hold the belief that there they won't suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.

Plato would be alarmed by the lack of shame online. His point about moral knowledge is this: we already know the right way to live a just and fulfilling life, but are constantly distracted(转移) from that noble aim. For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within. A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire — for material goods, power, fame, respect. Such desire, by its nature, cannot be satisfied.

Phenomenon While people hate being monitored, the ________ of privacy is gradually becoming a more serious problem.

My experience I complain about the lack of privacy but still exchange it for convenience.

convenience* I ________ on Google maps for the fastest route to

avoid delays on public transport.

* Facebook will remind me of my friends' birthdays, and

appeal to me to be updated.

cost I must make my ________ information available to relevant companies.

Michel Foucault's explanations Idea: Visibility is a trap.

An analogy:

* In the Panopticon, prisoners behave themselves just because they believed they were watched by an ________ watchman.

* In real life, the way people self-monitor ________ the dynamics of the Panopticon. They willingly follow the invisible discipline.

Worries: Our data may be ________ and monitoring may influence us to change our behavior ________.

Reasons for contraction Though being watched, self-display continues because some netizens think that they don't need to take ________ for what they say online.

Conclusion*Shame is essential in leading a just and fulfilling life.

*Shame helps us stay true to ourselves and focus on our ________.

*Shame can ________ us being a slave to desires for fame and fortune.

【答案】 invasion /violation /leak /lack

；depend /rely /count

；private /personal

；invisible

；resembles

；abused/ misused

；unconsciously

；responsibility

；morality /moral(s)

；prevent/stop

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，我们所有网上的行为都被监视，虽然网络给我们带来了便利，但隐私的泄露却给我带来了很大的影响。很多人尽管知道自己的行为被监视，却仍然在网上我行我素，认为自己的行为不会带来严重的后果，文章认为这主要是因为缺少羞耻心。

（1）考查同义转换。根据第一段中的“There's a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know we're being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government.”可知当我们上网的时候，我们的行为都收到了监视。我们的隐私被泄露了，而且这已经成为一个有利于严重的问题。所以本句要填名词invasion /violation /leak /lack。

（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination”可知我依靠Google地图可以寻找到最快的路线。所以句中要填depend /rely

/count。

（3）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in on me.”可知如果我想得到便利，必须要把我的私人信息上传到相关的网站上。所以句中要填private /personal。（4）考查原词再现。根据第三段中的“He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant.”可知这所监狱里的囚犯行为得体主要是因为他们一直认为有他们看不见的人在监视着他们，句中出现了原词“invisible”，所以句中要填invisible。

（5）考查同义转换。根据第四段中的“According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society.”可知现实生活里的人和监狱里的人一样，他们都认为有看不见的人在监视着他们，所以他们的举止得体。句中使用动词resemble与原句中be similar to语义一致，句中主语是单数名词the way，所以要填resembles。

（6）考查句意理解。根据第五段“…not just because of what companies and states might do with our data…”可知我们的隐私可能会被有关公司滥用，而我们自己却一点也不清楚。所以句中要填abused/ misused。

（7）考查同义转换。根据第五段最后“which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.”可知这是在我们没有完全意识到的情况下对我们的行为会有影响。句中使用副词unconsciously替换介词短语“without our fully realizing it”，所以要填unconsciously。（8）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二段中的“where many people hold the belief that there they won't suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.”可知虽然很多人知道网络行为被监视，但他们仍然认为自己不会承担不好的结果。所以句中要填responsibility。

（9）考查句意理解。根据倒数第三句“For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within.”可知羞耻感会让人们保持真实性，并关注内心的道德。句中要填名词承担focus on的宾语，所以要填morality /moral(s)。

（10）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二句“A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire —for material goods, power, fame, respect.”可知柏拉图认为没有羞耻感的人会成为欲望的奴隶。说明羞耻感可以阻止人们被欲望奴役。所以句中要填prevent/stop。

【点评】本题考点涉及同义转换，原词再现和句意理解等题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

10．任务型阅读

Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.

“People don't think about, What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?'” says

Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser.“ The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck.”

Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic. Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. ________“They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insur ance,” says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family.

________ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife.

At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000—barely enough to cover your funeral expense. Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living.

Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. They may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.

Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance.“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,” Daugherty says.“________”

On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on. Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don't need life insurance.

Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“ I said none,” Katt says. “________”

A. There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured.

B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.

C. Most people put off buying life insurance for any number of reasons if they even understand it.

D. Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own.

E. If you fall seriously ill of suffer significant injury later, it will make it tougher to get that kind of policy, if any at all.

F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.

【答案】 B；F；D；A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数父母都知道他们需要生命保险，但不愿购买最优质的人寿保险。有些人不需要保险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的人不幸的是，没有保险。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance ”因为他们不认为没有收入的人需要人身保险。可知前面说的是人们不会为在家照顾孩子的一个家长买保险。故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife. ”凯特建议一对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万美元的丈夫买300万美元保险，给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用相同。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure ”考虑到务工市场，多数人不能确定自己工作的保障性。因此即使你有工作保险，拥有一些保障自己的保险仍然是重要的。故选D。（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. ”卡特说，一个在股票、债券和其他来源上有大量储蓄的人咨询自己要买多少人寿保险，说明卡特想要指出有些人不需要保险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的人不幸的是，没有保险。故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。

A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.

The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.

Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one's sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.

Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.

As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a "F" pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to