GRE写作argument写作思路路及例文
英语考试作文-GRE写作Argument开头如何写好？6篇官方范文开头写法逐一解读
英语考试作文GRE写作Argument开头如何写好？6篇官方范文开头写法逐一解读看了这么多官方范文的开头，总结出Argument的开头的写法：1. 首句开门见山指出文章逻辑错误。
可以先通过一个小小的让步，指出文章的论证有其道理(这里可以高度概括一下文章逻辑论证思路和方法by comparison …with…)relatively/appear to/seem to/well presented/after all(注意这里不要summery the argument,要immediately engage the argument!)，然后笔锋一转however/while指出文章逻辑是有问题的。
2. 简单概括文章的逻辑错误，用高度凝练的语言提示下文论证思路。
这里又分为好几种方法：a. 用first/in addition/also等清晰地列出文章逻辑错误和下文反驳要点。
b. 指出施行题目中建议的后果。
c. 只提示下一段的论证，承接下一段(不推荐)。
d. 用列举他因的方式提示下文论证要点。
以官方范文为例Argument test 1: Speed Limits in Forestville.Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.“Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region’s highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobile accidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region’s highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville’s speed limit to what it was before the increase.”Models from Practice Book6分：The agrument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned. By making a comparison of the region of Forestville, the town with the higher speed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the region of Elmsford, an area ofa lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Forestville’s speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.However,这篇开头一开始就直截了当指出这篇argument是not well reasoned,然后高度概括了题目中的要点和题目的观点，下文反驳的第一段就用however承接，逻辑连贯，是大家比较喜欢的argument开头。
GRE作文Argument万能模板
Inthis argument ，the author concludes/recommends that ….To support this conclusion/recommendation,the author points out/cites … .In addition/On the basis of this,the author also cites that … .This argument suffers from several critical/logical flaws,which render it unconvincing as it stands. /PE(paragraph ending)：…,the author cannotexpect us to take seriously the claim/convince me that …contribute to … /ruling out such/other possibilities/explanations/accounting for …,the author cannot justifiably conclude that …/ justify the claim/convince me that …/make any sound recommendation to …… before I can accept theauthor’s final conclusion that …(接Perhaps …)If so,this fact/Either scenario/Any of these scenarios,if ture, would significantly/seriously undermine/weaken (the arguer’s contention /conclusion that) …(1)A threshold problem with the argument invloves the statistical reliability ofthe survey because the size of the sample is too small to be sufficient.Also,the sample might be unrepresentative of … as a whole.Without a sufficiently representative sample,the author cannot draw any conclusion whatsoever on the basis of the study. (小样本、代表性)(2) …are rarely sufficient to establisha general conclusion. From the survey quotedinthis argument,we findnosignof suchprocedures for randomsamplingsand have good reasons to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general situation as a whole.Besides,…provides no information about what percentage of … responded to the surveys.The lower the percentage,the less reliable the results of the surveys/study ’s conclusion. (随机性、代表性)结尾总结用author’s conclusion depends,I would need more information about the size/randomness of the study ’s sample.The author provides no information concerning/omits to inform us about A,B,C and D.It is impossible to conclude without comparing the two groups subjects.For example, ….Without evidence of the study ’s methodological (and statistical) reliability, the author cannot rely on the study to draw any firm conclusion.(1)A is not necessarily due to B.Perhaps ….Since the argument fails to account for this alternative explanation for …,the author cannot …(2)The author unfairly attributes A to B/assumes that A were attributable tocking evidence to confirm this assumption,it is entirely possible that ….Or,perhaps ….After all,the autho r provides no evidence that ….PE.(1)A does not necessarily indicate that B.Perhaps …., ….PE.(2)The argument relies/depends on the (unsubstantiated) assumption that …/ Based on the fact that A the author infers that B.However,/Yet this is not necessarily the case.Perhaps ….If so,this fact would significantly undermine …(3)The fact that … lends no/little credible/scant support to …(4)A probleminvolves the definitionof ….The author fails todefine this critical term.If … is defined as … ,then … .In short, without a clear definition of … it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.The arguer uses previous experience to illustrate that now …,ignoring t he factor of time which perhaps can change everything including … .Eg:The economic situation becomes worse;The worsening economic situationOne problemwhy I disagree with the argument is that it is unwarranted toinfer from the success of B that A will also succeed by following the same format. Perhaps … .In short,lacking evidence that conditions on the … are relevantly similar,the author cannot convince me on the basis of A’s experience that the action would be effective in B. Eg:economic situation,regionThe argument suffers from “either-or ” reasoning.Based on t he fact that … ,the author unfairly concludes that … .However,the author overlooks the possibility …Another problemwiththe argument is that it overlooks other factors that /the possibility that A is not the only factor affectingB.For instance,perhaps entirely possible that …does in fact serve to ….PE.……/ItisThe author appreciates sb’s strong commitment to sth to some extent. However,we know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing,to achieve it is far more difficult.There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise.结尾： In sum,the argument is unconvincing as it stands/not well supported.To bolster it,the author must provide clear evidence that …The author must also show that ….To better assess/evaluate the argument we would need figures …/more information about ….We should also need to know …。
英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解
英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解GRE考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部分可能就是作文了。
虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。
更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。
不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argument作文的高分范文用法。
GRE作文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn’t necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environmentsometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1. 这篇GRE作文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。
gre argument 万能模板
gre argument 万能模板GRE Argument Essay 是 GRE 应试中的一道常见写作题型，测试者需要在30分钟内写出一篇 400-500 字的文章，分析一篇立论文章所存在的缺陷和不足，并提供改善建议和解决方案。
因此，对于考生来说，真正掌握一种适用于大部分问题的万能模板，就显得尤为重要。
在下文中，将为大家提供一种适用于 GRE Argument Essay 的万能模板，包括文章结构、段落构成以及各段该包含的内容。
一、文章结构GRE Argument Essay 主要由以下三个部分组成：引言、主体段和结论。
考生可以根据这个基本框架进行调整，以适应特定的题目。
引言：介绍问题背景或引入立论观点，同时提出自己的观点和论点；主体段：分析、批判和反驳原论点，提供支持自己观点的证据和数据；结论：总结以上观点和证据，并得出自己的结论和建议。
二、段落构成1. 引言段在 GRE Argument Essay 中，引言段主要包括三个部分：背景介绍、引起立论观点和自我声明。
这部分主要是为了让读者对于问题背景有一个基本了解，同时了解考生的立论观点和主张。
典型的引言段可以采用以下模板：致读者：这篇文章的主旨是针对 XXXX 问题提出改善方案，并证明这个方案的可行性和有效性。
在本文中，作者将阐述自己的观点，并提供证据、数据和案例支持自己的论点。
本文旨在启发读者思考并提供有价值的见解，希望能够引起读者的共鸣和反思。
2. 主体段在 GRE Argument Essay 的主体段中，考生需要评估并反驳原来立论的观点和论证，以支持自己的观点。
一个完整的主体段可以分成以下三个部分：1）阐述原立论观点对于原立论观点，需要进行阐明，并简洁明了地说明其缺陷和问题所在。
2）评估原立论观点分析分析原立论观点的强弱之处，包括其先决条件、假设、漏洞等因素，以证明其不足和局限性。
3）支持自己的观点指出自己的观点和论点，并提供必要的支持证据和数据，在引出下一个主体段或结论段之前，要对本段的主要论点进行总结和概括。
GRE写作ARGUMENT作文6则高分写法思路
GRE写作ARGUMENT作文6则高分写法思路ent?1.首先从头至尾读一遍题，然后搞清楚题目在讲什么，避免发生理解错误。
2.找出题目的大结论，即在经过一大堆分析和延伸之后，作者得出了什么样的结论。
3.找出题目的关键点，即作者为了得出这样的结论给出了几个事实例证。
4.分析作者用了什么样的逻辑推理连接了事实和结论。
大家看到结论的荒谬了吧?还有分析的不可靠，数据没有得到论证，调查时间太短，可攻击点太多了。
但是，请大家看清楚以下这句话：以上这些全都不是攻击点。
真正的攻击点是第4点，即“分析作者用了什么样的逻辑推理连接了事实和结论”。
当作者说“所以”“因此”这样的词的时候，我们一定要提高警惕。
看看上下文，作者是怎么说出“所以”的，那里一定会有问题。
一般来说这样找出的攻击点大概会有2-4个，这样足够了，如果太多了反而不便于展开。
将各个事实与小结论一一对应起来，然后化整为零，各个突破。
如果两个觉得少的话，可以稍微展开一下，这个后面再说。
GRE写作ARGUMENT写法思路：攻击顺序1.大家在整理完攻击点以后一定会有的困惑就是这个应该先说哪个呢?工作总结范文按顺序来说当然可以，只是这样组织出来的文章显得相当生硬。
如果有更好的办法，我们为何要用这样如同肢解一般的写法呢。
2.在确定顺序之前，大家还记不记得前面提到的，大结论?这个时候大家可以想一想，大结论的主要关注点是什么呢?从这个方向来拎，主线一下子就很清楚了。
再把其他小结论安上去，既不会显得生硬，反而会有锦上添花详略得当之感。
3.因此，最重要的点，也即主线，一定要放在正文第一段加以论述。
GRE写作ARGUMENT写法思路：语言1.在看范文的时候不知道大家有没有注意到，高分的作文一等奖一等奖往往并不是以一种敌对、嘲讽或者鄙夷的语气写的，他们往往站在帮助者的角度，以一种温和的态度建议原作者再考虑更多的可能从而得出更好的解决方案。
2.我们也可以想想，当我们提出质疑的时候，无非是给出了一些其他的可能和它因。
新GRE写作Argument 模板 By Jason Lee
新GRE写作Argument 模板——By Jason Lee﹡审题+提纲：2min﹡开头+结尾模板：5min﹡中间三段：7min*3=21min﹡补完结尾（检查润色）：2min一、开头-In this argument, the author concludes that...-To bolster this conclusion, the author points out that…-Close scrutiny of these supporting evidences, however, reveals that none of them lend any credibility to the author’s conclusion.二、主体段落展开段落一：-Firstly, the author has tried to reach the conclusion that…by pointing out that…but this argument has failed to see some significant factors.-For instance,-Or, another scenario can be that …展开段落二：-Secondly, by analyzing the conclusion of this argument, we can find the unstated assumption that…-However, the validity of this assumption is challenged by some other possibilities.-It is likely that…-It is of equal probability that..展开段落三：-Finally, even if the foregoing assumptions were all confirmed valid, there remain doubts that render the author’s whole reasoning logically flawed.-To be more specific,-Absent evidence to confirm this assumption, it is entirely possible that…1. Assumptions◆First of all, the author unfairly assumes that…◆After all, the author provides no evidence that…2. Specific Evidences◆The author fails to offer any evidence to warrant this crucial assumption.◆Only if the author could provide the evidence that…can this argument be confirmed valid.◆The assumption cannot be substantiated until the author could provide that…◆As long as the evidence(that/of…) could be offered, the author’s view might be reasonably justified.3. Questions◆The first question of vital prominence could be whether…◆Only if the answer were positive, can the argument be substantiated. In contrast, if the answer were negative, the argument would be considered logically flawed.4. Alternative Explanations◆The explanation offered by the author does not suffice to be evaluated as justifiable based on the given evidence. Alternative explanation could involve that …or that…◆The author’s conclusion unfairly ignores… so a better explanation might be…◆Without considering and ruling out other possible reasons, the author cannot successfully convince me that…*5. 补充一些攻击Flaw的句型(1)样本不足或不具代表性/调查不可靠◆The author provides no evidence that the survey is statistically reliable.◆Perhaps the survey’s sample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of…◆The survey methodology might be problematic in several respects:◆As a result, the author cannot justifiably draw any conclusion in light of the survey until adequate evidence is given to lend credibility to it.(2)错误类比（忽略个体差异）◆The author is drawing a false analogy between A and B. It is entirely possible that A and B own divergent situations. Perhaps…Without taking such differences into consideration, it is unconscionable to claim that…(3)方案并非最佳◆The argument fails to consider other possible options for…Perhaps by…or by…◆In short, without weighing the given suggestion against alternatives, it is unconscionable to claim that…(4)非充分/非必要条件、◆The validity of the view that…is never equivalent to the justifiability of the deduction that…(5)时间顺序混淆为因果关系/普通关联混淆为因果关系◆However, the conclusion that A is exclusively responsible for B based on the fact that B occurred after/ at the same time of A is unjustifiable.◆Yet the correlation alone amounts to scarce evidence of the claimed cause-and-effect relationship.(6)错误推论Absent evidence to warrant this deduction, it is entirely possible thatAny of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the author’s claim that…The fact (that…) accomplishes nothing towards bolstering the recommendation.*6. 段内/段间承接Absent the evidence,If this is the case,Perhaps,Even assuming/Even if……does not necessarily indicate that…三、结尾-In sum, the argument not only is logically unsound but also relies on several doubtful assumptions.-To reinforce the argument, the author must qualify the recommendation by accounting for possible alternatives and providing comprehensive evidence.-To better assess the argument, we would expect the author to provide adequate information with respect to…。
GRE作文ISSUE和ARGUMENT写作指导
GRE作文ISSUE和ARGUMENT写作指导原则：先提正，再求反，因人因题合、反、散。
ISSUE的五种题目分析类型一、因果类(1)这个因果关系推理中的原因是否成立？(2)假设这个原因成立，从他能否推出结果？Whether mutually shared ideas can make people learn more from each other is quite a personal matter.It's true that disagreement can cause stress and sometimes inhibit our learning, and as a result we might learn more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Anyhow, people are at least easier to understand each other when they find them sharing the same ground in most cases.However, disagreement can also benefit us greatly. On the one hand, distinct perspectives on an issue may turn out to sharpen our mind, broaden our ken and shed some new light on the issue in question, and therefore enhance our learning. On the other hand, throughout the human intellectual history, it is always the different schools of thought rather than those who share, on any issue, identical ideas with each other that combine to boost scientific and technological progress.All in all, which one, disagreement or agreement, will promote our learning from others is quite a personal matter which depends on so many factors such as one’s age, motivations, psychological maturity, personal understanding with each other and so on.二、建议类（1）题目中的建议可行性如何？（2）如果实施题目中的建议，能否导致同初始目的相矛盾或其他荒谬的结果？（3）有无替代或折中方案？Connecting the courses on collegiate campus with the actual professional know-how is not always the necessary condition for improving the teaching quality in those courses.Workshop experience can really enrich subjects in classroom. This is especially true for such subjects as engineering, machinery manufacturing, economics, and so forth.But such cases by no means indicate that bridging workshops and classrooms can always work magic. In fact, for some subjects theoretical physics and some mathematical researchers in these areas to directly apply their knowledge to practical work. These sciences seem only to perform well within the brain cells.As for methods contributing to the teaching quality, they include many apart from sharing workshop experience, such as the long-term academic atmosphere, the good timing birth of geniuses etc.三、是非类（1）这种价值判断的标准是什么？（2）这种价值判断的标准是否值得修订？The statement that ”the human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds” sounds precarious for failing to clearly define the meaning of “superior”.When we say one thing is superior to another because the latter is a tool of the former, we are judging their relative status in a social or ethical sense. As a matter of fact, we human beings sometimes feel quite self-conceited before the nature is right forour assurance that we can, with the aid of science and technology, turn, sooner or later, all the things around us into a tool.But obviously, the ter m “superior” allows a definition from many perspectives. It can refer to the memory power, speed, creativity, extensibility, flexibility, and so forth. In these senses, can we still say that the human mind always performs better than machines?The above analysis might remind us human beings of a bare fact: yes, we are sitting on top of thepyramid of creatures on earth; but we are not perfect. Sometimes, it is man who brings himself to the dead mire, just because he is overly confident.四、定义类（1）题目中的定义是否抓住了问题的本质？（2）能否给出我自己的、更为恰当的定义（恰当的定义就是能很好解释自己的论点、论据以及所列举的现象的定义）？关键：若想使你的ISSUE作文有深度、有你自己独到见解，记住“下定义”这个十分重要的技巧。
GRE的argument写作万能模板
GRE的argument写作万能模板为了帮助大家备考gre。
了解更多关于gre的知识，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来GRE 的argument写作万能模板，希望大家喜欢。
GRE 的argument写作万能模板一. 背景介绍-----万能123的诞生它的优势在于：让你用最快的时间找出攻击点，不仅解决攻击语言还解决攻击顺序，还能节省你考试时列提纲的时间我刚开始复习时也是很苦恼，但是当我对着北美范文写了十几篇并日日思索之后，发现了一个万能找茬法。
它的精髓就在于教你写一套属于自己的万能123模板，这个模板不仅解决你语言，攻击顺序，更你提高你的效率，即给你一个找茬的火眼金睛，又给你一个呼之欲出的思路。
我考前一天把我自己的模板背了又背了一遍，考的那篇文章我虽没写过，但是我在issue和argument 中场休息的1分钟之内把我的万能123找茬写在草稿纸上，题目出来后仅仅花了1分钟在万能123找茬勾出题目中题目中的错误点，这样连提纲都省了，还非常有条理。
我考之前把这个提纲发给我一同学让她好好背。
现在拿出来和大家分享，还准备发一份给那个作文老师，以提高他的教学质量。
二. 精华部分---万能123找茬1. 从整体来说：开头结尾不是最重点，中间部分才是重中之重2. 就中间部分来说：具体的语言不是最重点，攻击思路才是重中之重结论就是，攻击思路是重中之重，所以万能123找茬才是重中之重，比万能123模板(语言文字)及开头结尾给重要。
三.精华部分的注释这里是注释：(对照序号看)① 一因为此调查或研究没有提到样本sample，所以可以攻击其样本可能不具代表性，例如1。
样本太小不具代表性2。
样本特殊不具代表性二有了样本仍然可攻击样本没有代表性，例如1。
样本太小不具代表性2。
样本的倾向性问题，即某类人群比其他多数人更愿意参加调查或研究三没有论据的声称其实是很万能的，多用于攻击一些不是调查也不是研究的论据(具体可参照我的例文)② 一这个嘛虽然被某些新东方老师分为3大类，其实本质还是一样的，就是一个群体的特征推到另一个群体身上。
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14 The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine."A recent study rating 300 male and female advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than six hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. On the basis of this study, we recommend that businesses hire only people who need less than six hours of sleep per night."Study, report↓higher profit margins and faster growth↓reputation广告公司雇佣睡6h以下的主管+成功↓广告公司雇佣睡6h以下的主管→成功↓所有公司雇佣睡6小时以下的人→成功↓建议所有公司雇佣睡6小时以下的人1.证言假设：study report靠谱反例：biased sample (下班以后调查，留在公司的人很容易工作多睡得少)；report (to leave their bosses a better image, 所以虽然睡10小时，但只报6小时)2.因果反例：wildest imagination, interesting designs, hired a new manager who is an expert in team work, employees hard-working, 因为公司本身成功，所以multiple tasks 所以睡得少3.类比假设：people deal with with similar tasks反例：广告公司雇佣睡得少的主管可以，反正也是work in the office; In factories, fatigue sleep deprivation on-the-job accidents 对于工厂工人就不行132The following appeared in a letter to the school board in the town of Centerville. "All students should be required to take the driver's education course at Centerville High School. In the past two years, several accidents in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high school is the only solution to this serious problem."The author concludes that the CHS should take the driver’s education course for teenagers. Her conclusion mainly based on …her argument relies on unsound assumptions which can undermine her reasoning.To begin with, the author mentions that there were accidents happened in and around C which involved teenage drivers recently, so the author claims that students in CHS led to these accidents. Obviously, the author unwarrantedly assumes that the students in these accidents were from CHS and they were responsible for these accidents. Although the accidents involved teenagers, they may not be the students from CHS, but those from other cities. It is highly likely that the C city has a lot of interesting places which attract many people including teenagers. And these teenagers rather than CHS students are involved in the accidents. Furthermore, probably the accidents are not due to the teenagers but adults drivers. Usually the teenagers obey the traffic rules strictly while the adults drive after heavily drinking. Therefore, according to her problematic assumptions, the author cannot conclude that CHS student caused the accidents.Furthermore，the author refers to the fact that parents in C said that they have no time to teach their children to drive, and then rushes to conclude that it is necessary for CHS to teach students to drive. The author has wrong turning when she assumes that these parents’words are representative and that the school has to teach students driving if the parents are busy. Probably, there are only few of the parents who complain that their spare time is not enough to teach driving. Besides, although the parents have no tome to do, it is not necessary for CHS to do. As we all know, the main work for school is to teach students knowledge, there is no responsibility to teach students others, such as driving. Therefore, if the author cannot provide further evidence, this argument is full of loopholes.Finally, the author mentions that there are two driving school in C city and the parents whose budgets are tight might be unable to afford the expensive tuition, concluding that the CSH should open the driving lessons. Clearly, the author unwarrantedly assumes that the school has to teach driving if the parents cannot afford the tuitions. It is possible that the parents who cannot afford the driving lessons may also have no ability to afford a car. So it is also not necessary for their children to learn driving when they are teenagers, and if they have learnt how to drive, they maynot have opportunities to drive cars in their daily life, which means that there is no use for them to take driving lessons now. Without offering other evidence related to this argument, the author cannot conclude that the CHS should teach students driving.1.02.0C高开驾驶课→培养安全的青少年司机+需+无替代1,2↓建议C高开驾驶课假设：可行反例：没钱；没地儿；没人假设：驾驶课是有效的反例：即使set up the driving course, 人们也不enroll in it, 即使enroll in it, 也skip the classes, 或者上课的时候不走心1.C市和附近有涉及青少年司机的事故↓需要培养安全的青少年司机假设：这些事故涉及的都是C高学生；C 高学生shoulder the responsibility of/ be responsible for反例：C市和附近的事故，不是我们C高学生的；青少年司机and their behaviors have not led to these accidents2.家长抱怨太忙没空教小孩开车↓学校要教假设：representative; 家长没空做学校就得做反例：就是几个人一直在抱怨；即使家长没空做，学校也不用做，因为他的主要任务是academic instructions, ensure that the high school students can be admitted to top universities3.家长没钱给小孩报驾驶课↓学校要教假设：高中生普遍开车上学反例：没钱报驾驶课的家长根本不会给小孩买车。