英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解
GRE写作ARGUMENT作文6则高分写法思路心得分享
Despite opposition from some residents of West Roseville, the arguments in favor of merging the townships of Roseville and West Roseville are overwhelming. First, residents in both townships are confused about which authority to contact when they need a service; for example, the police department in Roseville receives many calls from residents of West Roseville. This sort of confusion would be eliminated with the merger. Second, the savings in administrative costs would be enormous, since services would no longer be duplicated: we would have only one fire chief, one tax department, one mayor, and so on. And no jobs in city government would be lost-employees could simply be reassigned. Most importantly, the merger will undoubtedly attract business investments as it did when the townships of Hamden and North Hamden merged ten years ago.
GRE写作 - ARGUMENT
ARGUMENT写作ARGUMENT作文写作关键问题：识别题目中的推理/论证缺陷和谬误从2～3个方面证明题目在那些逻辑链条上出了问题，梳理推理/论证过程中各个逻辑链条的可靠性与合理性，从题目中论者运用的推理/论证方法的切入，以求发现论证过程各个环节的缺陷和谬误ARGUMENT的分析和写作步骤：1、识别ARGUMENT题目中论者采用的论证方法（十大论证技巧中的某种）2、从每个ARGUMENT论证发的逻辑起点入手，发现每个推理/论证过程在各个逻辑链条上出现的推理/论证缺陷和谬误3、对每个推理/论证缺陷和谬误只展开具体的分析和论证，说明为什么可以认定它们是推理/论证的缺陷和谬误，及其是如何影响题目中论点和结论的有效性十大论证技巧及反驳切入点：1、演绎推理论证将一个具体的事例运用到一个一般性原则而得出结论反驳切入点：其一，该演绎推理的总原则（大前提）是否成立。
其二，该演绎推理的论据（小前提）是否成立。
二者只要一个不成立，则无效2、定义法界定一个概念的关键内涵，或认定某个事物符合某个定义，从而得出结论反驳切入点：该定义反应了问题本质吗？没有例外情况吗？3、因果关系论证法将一个判断放入一个因果关系中，指出它是原因还是结果反驳切入点：是否有其他原因导致了这一结果？是否有其他更重要的原因与所讨论的原因共同导致该结果?4、归纳推理论证法从若干个体事例中推出具有共性的一般结论反驳切入点：归纳所依据的数量足够多吗？具有代表性吗？有没有特殊情况？5、列举特征式论证法指出某事物发生或存在的征候或迹象反驳切入点：有没有其他原因导致同样的征候或迹象？6、类比论证法用已知、熟悉的食物同未知、不熟悉的食物进行比较，并用前者的情况解释后者的情况。
A、纵向类比（过去的事物同现在的同一类食物的类比）反驳切入点：历史会重演吗？B、横向类比（同一时期、同一类事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：比较的对象之间有足够的可比性吗？C、比喻式类比（不同类别事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：一事物和其被比喻成的事物之间有足够的相似性吗？7、引用权威论证法引用工人的权威，或论证自己就是权威从而对自己的观点加以论证反驳切入点：所引用的权威可信吗？8、诉诸常识法利用人们的常识（普遍性的价值观念、人们的普遍动机、生活常识）进行论证A、诉诸普遍性的价值观念反驳切入点：论者强调的价值果真那么重要吗？有没有其他更重要的价值？论者强调的价值的含义明确吗？B、诉诸普遍动机反驳切入点：论者强调的动机果真是大家最需要的吗？这些动机果真能像论者所说的那样得到实现D、诉诸生活常识反驳切入点：论者依据的生活常识成立吗？有无例外？9、反证法假设一个观点是正确的，然而推出荒谬的结论反驳切入点：推导出的这个结果果真荒谬么？10、统计数据论证法提供数据，以资论证反驳切入点：这些数据由谁调查的？这些调查的方案设计（如调查样本的选择、调查问卷的设计、调查数据的处理、调查结果的合适和验证等）和实施过程是严格按照科学程序进行的吗？其结论是客观、中立、可信的吗？调查的实施者没有受其行业及其他利益相关方面的影响吗？独立第三方的相关数据是否支持相同/相似的结论？AGUMENT题目经常在两个地方引用数据论证，须注意：其一，调查统计对于一般的调查统计，如果是随机抽样调查，注意挑选的样本是否足够多、样本空间是否有很大的误差、样本是否具备代表性。
英语考试作文-【名师指点】GRE写作Argument驳论文高分写法顺序4步骤拆分讲解
英语考试作文【名师指点】GRE写作Argument驳论文高分写法顺序4步骤拆分讲解在GRE写作中，想要写出高分作文，就需要遵循一定的写作步骤，如此才能有条理的写出优秀的文章。
下面就为大家详细分析GRE考试写作步骤。
步骤1：读题审题写开头段首先，要浏览题目、审题(分析题目的结论、论据和假设)并写出开头段。
审题和开头段同时进行，一边看题一边写，这不是回避逻辑错误，而是将审题、找错和写作有机地结合。
第一段的任务无非就是指出论题的结论、假设、论据，并指出题目有错误。
在写作第一段的时候，逻辑错误会不断的涌现出来，而当考生把有问题的假设以及原论证的逻辑结构清理以后，该论证所存在的所有问题也就都暴露出来了。
步骤2：列逻辑问题写提纲在写完开头段并审好题后，要趁着头脑清醒，把主要的逻辑问题都打出来。
原文可能出现六七个逻辑错误，而考生只需要从中挑出3-4个最主要的进行有利的攻击就可以了。
因为这篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取决于与你能否抓住主要逻辑错误。
也就是说，如果忽视了非常致命的逻辑错误，那么即使把其它的错误批驳得再好，所用的语言再美，字数再多，最后照样不及格。
有人担心是不是要把所有的错误都清理出来，实际上只要把主要的错误都清理出来，进行有利的攻击，同样可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一样。
这样做的另一个好处是可以节约时间，因为考生在正文写作时往往会把顺手的段落大写特写，力争在某点上把敌人驳的体无完肤，但是等到意识到有其它的重要逻辑错误未被谈及的时候，时间却已经到了。
而首先列出提纲则可以提醒考生点到为止，切实做到合理分配时间。
与其把一个问题分析的特别透彻，不如把所有的主要问题都涉及到，即使不很透彻，也比前者要好。
简而言之，Argument这部分展开批驳的时候，与其“断其一指”，不如“伤其四指”。
步骤3：展开正文在完成了提纲之后，就要逐一展开正文段落了。
正文段落的展开有两种的顺序，第一种就是先攻击主要的问题，在第一个段落批驳最重要的逻辑错误，也花最多的笔墨，以后字数和重要性逐级递减。
GRE考试作文Argument50详解
【题⽬】Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a " Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river—the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.【中⽂翻译】⼀种具有独特花纹的编织篮⼦以前只在史前村庄P的临近地区发现过，因⽽被认为是P居民所独有的。
GRE作文Argument142详解
Argument142：The article entitled 'Eating Iron' in last month's issue of Eating for Health reported that a recent study found a correlation between high levels of iron in the diet and an increased risk of heart disease. Further, it is well established that there is a link between large amounts of red meat in the diet and heart disease, and red meat is high in iron. On the basis of the study and the well-established link between red meat and heart disease, we can conclude that the correlation between high iron levels and heart disease, then, is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease.翻译：上一期的《健康饮食》杂志上刊登的题为《食铁》的文章报导说最近一项研究发现饮食中铁的含量过高与心脏病发病率增加有关联。
而且，我们已经知道饮食中大量的牛羊肉和心脏病是有联系的，牛羊肉中铁的含量很高。
基于以上研究和牛羊肉与心脏病之间的已知联系，我们可以得出结论，高铁含量与心脏病之间的关联最有可能是牛羊肉与心脏病之间关联的作用。
本题可以算是各位Gter长久以来比较怨念的一道难题了，因为表述混乱，逻辑点分散，一直都被大家诟病，写完后头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹泻者屡见不鲜。
英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解
英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用分可能就是作文了。
虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。
更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。
不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argume nt作文的高分范文用法。
GRE乍文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in adaily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.GRE 考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you mayneed to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn ' t necessarily meanthat the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as isand paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also pridesitself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not makefinancial sense. Furthermore, financial sense maynot be the only issue a companyfaces. Other types of analyses must be madesuch as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1.这篇GRE乍文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。
GRE写作argument全部官方范文分析(9)
GRE写作argument全部官方范文分析(9)第三部分：总结一、开头模式开头模式第1篇让步=〉忽略他因=〉潜在后果第2篇假让步=〉他因=〉论据不足第3篇让步=〉忽略他因=〉提供他因的论证方向第4篇假让步=〉分析性复述第5篇单纯复述=〉分类=〉忽略他因（前三段都是开头段第6篇指出存在问题=〉调查类错误=〉因果不成立=〉他因 awintro里说要简单的复述一下题目，通过这6篇满分文章可以看出，单纯复述是不够的。
我们需要的是，分清文章的逻辑结构，并考虑哪些是合理的，哪些是不合理的。
写的时候先表达出让步的信息以及论据，然后重点指出存在问题的信息以及文中相应的论据(没有考虑其他原因，没有考虑其他因素，论据不足)。
这里的错误不要展开，也不要过于笼统，用几个文中的关键词来统领后面的讨论，也能避免开头段空洞的弊病。
二、正文body模式正文模式第1篇质疑让步前提=〉两点忽略的他因（人本质，受伤程度）=〉缺乏证据（高档设备）第2篇他因=〉两个层次的论据不足（三者关系，75%）第3篇两点忽略的他因（相对比例，平均生活水平）=〉引入实质第4篇他因=〉四点忽略的因素（时间，天气，人数，人活动）第5篇忽略学校和原生态不等价（非学生不受惠，学生中也有不受惠的）第6篇调查类=〉无因果=〉他因从安排顺序上来说，比较好的做法是先质疑让步的前提，即讨论一切的基础(如果有调查，这里就攻击调查);然后论证在主要逻辑链上的忽略的他因;然后如果时间允许的话，就攻击细节上的东西(从文中的论据不足入手，这里的细节是与上一段的主要逻辑链上的错误相粘连的，可以看作是上一段的延续和引申，末尾还可以加上极端反例或者文中自相矛盾，从而进行穷追不舍的打击);最后，从改进方案上入手，分析如何才能更好的改进，这里是对原文进行升华，贴近立意的实质，并以一种包容的态度。
其中，罗列细节上的东西的安排顺序，本着一个原则：从外在因素到内在因素到事物的本质。
英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享 学习范文思路要从头开始
英语考试作文GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享学习范文思路要从头开始GRE写作中的ARGUMENT作文开头如何写好是许多同学关注的问题之一。
之所以受到关注是因为ARGMENT的文章题材属于议论文中的驳论文，而这种文章大多数考生都涉猎较少，不仅没写过英文的，可能连中文的驳论文都没怎么接触过。
因而大家往往从开头段的写法就存在问题。
为了帮助大家提升写作水平写好GRE作文ARGUMENT的开头段，下面就结合GRE官方ARGUMENT范文为大家做详细介绍。
GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段写法介绍GRE写作ARGUMENT作为驳论文，其写作特点是不需要考生本身提出某个观点，考生需要做的只是从给出的题目素材中寻找漏洞逐一反驳，这就给习惯了写立论文开头先写观点的考生带来一些写作思路上的挑战。
其实ARGUMENT开头段除去抛出观点外在写法上和其它议论文是基本一致的，以下就是比较好的写法：1. 首句开门见山指出文章逻辑错误可以先通过一个小小的让步，指出文章的论证有其道理(这里可以高度概括一下文章逻辑论证思路和方法by comparison …with…)relatively/appear to/seem to/well presented/after all(注意这里不要summery the argument,要immediately engage the argument!)，然后笔锋一转however/while指出文章逻辑是有问题的。
2. 简单概括文章的逻辑错误，用高度凝练的语言提示下文论证思路这里又分为好几种方法：a. 用first/in addition/also等清晰地列出文章逻辑错误和下文反驳要点。
b. 指出施行题目中建议的后果。
c. 只提示下一段的论证，承接下一段(不推荐)。
d. 用列举他因的方式提示下文论证要点。
以官方范文为例Argument test 1: Speed Limits in Forestville.Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.“Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region’s highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobileaccidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region’s highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville’s speed limit to what it was before the increase.”Models from Practice Book6分：The agrument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned. By making a comparison of the region of Forestville, the town with the higher speed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the region of Elmsford, an area of a lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Forestville’s speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.However,这篇开头一开始就直截了当指出这篇argument是not well reasoned,然后高度概括了题目中的要点和题目的观点，下文反驳的第一段就用however承接，逻辑连贯，是大家比较喜欢的argument开头。
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英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解GRE考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部分可能就是作文了。
虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。
更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。
不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argument作文的高分范文用法。
GRE作文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn’t necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environmentsometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1. 这篇GRE作文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。