第八节 倒装句和强调句

第八节倒装句和强调句

英语最基本的词序“主语+谓语动词”通常十分固定。

如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫倒装句。

当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）

时，往往要采用强调结构，这就是强调句。

1.倒装句

I．部分倒装句

部分倒装句是将助动词、情态动词＼连系动词be 和动词

have 等放在主语的前面。常见的部分倒装句有下列几种情况：

1．在疑问句中。例如：

How many books do you have? 你有多少书？Did he go to Shanghai yesterday? 昨天他去上海了吗？

注：疑问代词作主语或做定语修饰主语时，不倒装。例如：

Which book is his? 哪本书是他的？

How many students attended the meeting yesterday?

昨天有多少学生参加会议？

Who told you it?

2．假设句省略if时。例如：

Had he stayed at home

he would have watched that

programme on television.

如果当时他在家的话，他就会看到那个电视节目。

3．用在neither, nor和so的后面。例如：

I don’t come, nor (neither) does he. 我不来，他也不来。

Our society has changed

and so have the people in it.

社会变了，人也变了。

注：当重复前句的意思时，不

倒装。例如：

A: His mother plays the

piano very well.

B: So she does.

A: 他妈妈钢琴弹得非常好。

B: 是的，确实弹得好。

4.never, seldom, hardly,

rarely, scarcely, barely, little,

not only, not until, in no

way, at no time, in no case,

under no circumstances, by no means 等含有否定意义的

单词和短语位于句首时。例如：

Not until midnight did it

stop snowing. 直到午夜，雪才停止。

It did not stop snowing until midnight.

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。

5．only＋状语位于句首时，例如：

Only after a year did I beginto see the results of my work.

只是在过了一年后，我才开始看到我的成果。

６．在as (that, though)和连系动词be引导的让步状语从句中。

例如：

Hard though\as I tried, I failed all the same.

Try as ( though ) I might\did, I could not finish the task alone. 不管我怎样努力, 还是不可能独立完成那个任务。

Child that\though\as he was, he did the same workas adults.

尽管他还是个孩子，他和其他成年人做着同样的活。

Young though\as he was, he did the same work as adults.

尽管他还小，他和其他成年人做同样的活计。Such a fool as I am, I should know better than to believe that the opportunity to go to study abroad will be givento me.

尽管我那么傻，我还不至于傻到相信那个出国留学的机会会给我的程度。

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

所有的磁铁，不论大小，其性质是一样的。Come what may, we shall

give them firm support.

不管出现什么情况，我们都将坚定支持他们。7.在so(such)… that 结果从句中，当强调

so(such)修饰的词语并位于句首时。例如：

To such an extent do the parents lovetheir children that they have tried to satisfy every demand of theirs.

这对父母爱子女到了如此的程度，以致他们

尽量满足他们的任何要求。

So fast does the electric current pass through conductors thatit is difficult for us to

imagine its speed. 电流通过导体如此之快，

以致我们很难想象它的速度。

注：从句的动词是连系动词时，要全部倒装。例如：

So interesting and instructive was the report that we were attentive all the time. 报告十分有趣而富有启发性，我们自始自终都很

专注地听讲。

Such a good man is he that we all respect him. 他是一位很好的人，所以我们都很尊敬

他。

８．在as引导的方式状语和比较状语从句、that

引导的原因状语从句中。例如：

He has read a lot of detective stories, as have most of his friends.

他读了很多侦探小说，他的多数朋友也是这样。He studies physics much better than does Tom. 他的物理比汤姆学的好得多。

Good planners that they were, the machine stood dry there.

注：从句的主语是人称代词时，不倒装。例如：He works harder than you do.

他工作比你努力。

II．全部倒装句

全部倒装句是包括表语或状语在内的整个谓

语放在主语前面，