强调句-倒装句

读语篇学语法——强调句与倒装句

Alaska, which was called Russian America before it was sold to the United States, joined the Union as the 49th state in 1959.

Alaska is now the largest of all the 50 states of the USA.①It was in 1867 that President Andrew Johnson’s Secretary of States（国务卿）, William H. Seward, bought Alaska from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. The buying of the northern land seemed at first something foolishly done.②Not only was Alaska difficult to reach, but it was also hard to live in, and it appeared to be of no importance in time of war. ③Besides there are volcanoes （火山）there as Alaska lies on the Pacific “ring of fire”. In Alaska large treeless areas are covered with snow all the year round. For these reasons the buying of Alaska was called “Seward’s Folly（蠢事）” at that time.

However, in 1896, gold was found in Alaska, and people poured into the land. Then other important natural resources were discovered, including oil. But now most people visit Alaska in order to see the endless beauty of nature that the northern land discloses to them.④For example, there are about 11,000 islands in Alaska. And in a certain area of Alaska the sun doesn’t set for 82 days every year.

强调句：顾名思义，强调句就是对句子的某一成分进行强调，以加强语气或引起重视。

英语中常见的表示强调的方式有以下三种：

1. 用助动词do(一般现在时), does(一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式)和did(一般过去时)来强调谓语动词。如：

1）The girls do look pretty today.

2）The little girl does look nice in that green dress today.

3）The boys did have a good time last night.

从上述结构不难看出，强调谓语动词时只有两种时态——一般现在时和一般过去时。

2. 固定句型：强调句的句型主要是：It is / was … that / who / whom…。该句型可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分。例如上文中的①：It was in 1867 that President Andrew Johnson’s Secretary of States（国务卿）, William H. Seward, bought Alaska from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. 该句强调了时间状语in 1867。意思是：正是在1867年，当时担任美国总统Andrew Johnson国务卿的William H. Seward以七百二十万美元的价格从俄罗斯人手里买下了阿拉斯加。

2）It was their teacher who helped them solve the problem.

正是他们的老师帮他们解决了这一问题。

3）It was Lucy whom Tom met in the party yesterday.

Tom昨天在聚会上见到的正是Lucy。

注意：

⑴该句型中的that，who和whom都不可以省略。

如

1）It was last month that I bought a video camera. (该句中的that不能换成when) 2）It was in London that I met her for the first time. (该句中的that不能换成where)

⑷that和who在强调句中充当主语时，谓语动词的数要与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致；另外，其时态也要保持一致。例如：

1）It is I who am responsible for the traffic accident.

2）It was in the 1960’s that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.

⑸还有一种发生了改变的强调句型：It is / was not until +被强调部分[时间状语（词、短语或从句）]+ that从句（用肯定句）…。例如：

1）It was not until 11:45 that he went to bed.

2）It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

3. 其他可以用于表示强调的方式：

⑴用副词或短语表示强调，以加强语气，如：only, even, much, enough, by far, still, well, very, terribly, simply, on earth（究竟）, in the world（究竟）, under the sun （究竟）, at all（根本）等。例如：